= 24 file managers: Ranger

https://ranger.github.io[Ranger] is a terminal-based file manager that uses Vim-like keyboard commands.
If you're working in a terminal all day, running https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/manipulating-text-sed[Sed] and  https://opensource.com/article/19/10/intro-awk[Awk commands] and using https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/beginners-guide-vim[Vim], then you might want a way to manage files without leaving the comforting glow of your amber-on-black screen.
There are, of course, the `ls` and `cd` commands, but sometimes you want to "walk through" your system, or maybe you want to mimic a graphical experience without the graphics.

== Install Ranger

On Linux, you may find Ranger in your Linux distribution's software repository.
On Fedora, CentOS, Mageia, and similar:

[source,bash]
----
$ sudo dnf install ranger
----

For instance, on Debian, Elementary, Linux Mint, and similar:

[source,bash]
----
$ sudo apt install ranger
----

On macOS, use https://opensource.com/article/20/6/homebrew-mac[Homebrew] or https://opensource.com/article/20/11/macports[MacPort].

== Using Ranger

If you use Vim, then Ranger is the terminal-based file manager for you.
Sure, there's the https://opensource.com/article/20/2/how-install-vim-plugins[NERDTree] plugin for use while in Vim, but Ranger has all the conveniences of a file manager plus the interface conventions of Vim.
If you don't https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/introduction-vi-editor[know Vim (yet)], then Ranger can serve as a nice introduction to the way Vim is operated.

Launch Ranger from a terminal:

[source,bash]
----
$ ranger
----

Your terminal is now the Ranger interface, and by default it lists the contents of your current directory.

image:ranger.webp[Ranger file manager]

By default, Ranger uses a three-column layout.
From left to right:

* List of home directories on your system.
* List of directories.
* Contents of the selected directory.

The basic interactions with Ranger can be performed with either your arrow keys or with the classic Vim navigation controls of the *hjkl* keys.

* *Up* or *K*: Move to the previous item in a list, making it the active selection.
* *Down* or *J*: Move to the next item in a list, making it the active selection.
* *Right* or *L*: Move into a directory or open a file.
* *Left* or *H*: Move to the parent directory.

If all you need to do is search for a file and open it, then you now know as much about Ranger as you need to know.

Of course, managing files is more than just navigating and opening files.
The most common file management tasks have single-key shortcuts assigned to them, and you can view a complete list by pressing *?* and then *K* for _key bindings_.

== Select a file

You can select (or "mark," in Ranger terminology) a file or directory three different ways.

First, whatever happens to be highlighted in the Ranger window is considered the active selection.
By default, any action you take is performed on your active selection.
When you first launch Ranger, the active selection is probably the `Desktop` folder, which is usually at the very top of the list in your home directory.
If you press the *Left* arrow, then you move into the `Desktop` folder and whatever item is at the top of that list become the active selection.
This is the keyboard version of clicking on a file or folder in a graphical file manager.

The other way is to mark several files at once.
To mark your current selection, press *Spacebar*.
The item you've marked is indented one space and changes colour, and your cursor is moved to the next item in the list.
You can press *Space* again to select that item, or move to a different item and press *Space* on it to add to your marked selection.
This is the keyboard version of drawing a selection box around several items in a graphical file manager.

The third way is to select _all_ items in a folder.
To select everything, press *v* on your keyboard.
To unselect everything, press *v* again.

== Copy a file

To copy (or "yank," in Ranger terminology) your current selection (whether it's a single file or several files), press *y* *y* on your keyboard (that's the letter *y* twice in a row.)

To paste a file that you've copied, navigate to your target directory and press the *p* key twice in a row.

== Move a file

To move a file from one location to another, press *d* twice in a row.
Then move to your target location and press *p* twice.

== Commands

In Ranger as in Vim, you can drop out of the normal mode of interaction to enter a command by pressing the *:* key.

For instance, say you've descended deep into a series of directories and subdirectories, and now you want to get to your `Zombie_Apocalypse` folder quickly.
Press *:* and then type `cd ~/Zombie_Apocalypse` and press *Return*.
You're instantly taken to the `~/Zombie_Apocalypse` folder.

There are lots of commands to choose from, and you can see them all by pressing *?* and then *c* for _commands_.

== Tab

Ranger is a tabbed interface, just like your web browser.
To open a new tab, press *Ctrl+N*.
A tab number appears in the top right of the Ranger interface.
To move between tabs, press *Alt* along with the number of the tab you want to switch to.

== Split window

While the default view of Ranger is hierarchical columns, you can use an alternate view that splits the Ranger interface into two (or more) panels.
This is useful for moving files from one directory to another quickly, or for comparing the contents of directories.

To split Ranger's interface, you change the view mode to `multipane`.
This is done with the command `set`.
To run a command in Ranger, you press *:* and then type your command:

[source,bash]
----
:set viewmode multipane
----

When you split the Ranger interface, you're actually expanding tabs into one view.
Instead of columns, you're now looking at two or more distinct single-columns.

image:ranger-multipane.webp[Ranger in multipane view]

Instead of moving between these columns with *Right* and *Left* arrows (or *h* and *l*), you switch between tabs with *Alt* and a number.
For instance, if you have three tabs open as split panes, the left column is *Alt+1*, the middle is *Alt+2*, and the right column is *Alt+3*.

== A file manager for Vim users

Ranger is an obvious choice for you if you're a longtime Vim user, or if you just want to immerse yourself in the Vim style of working.
The transition from Vim to Ranger and back again is nearly seamless, so fire up your https://opensource.com/article/21/5/linux-terminal-multiplexer[favourite multiplexer] and launch Ranger and Vim for easy access.
