URI:
       [HN Gopher] Twenty One Zero-Days in FFmpeg
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Twenty One Zero-Days in FFmpeg
        
       Author : redbell
       Score  : 184 points
       Date   : 2026-06-12 22:13 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
  HTML web link (depthfirst.com)
  TEXT w3m dump (depthfirst.com)
        
       | bethekidyouwant wrote:
       | How does the browser use it ?unless they mean there's a zero day
       | in libavcodec
        
         | fpoling wrote:
         | Browsers run it in a sandbox process together with allocator
         | hardening. Most of the bugs then are just crashed of the
         | sandbox
         | 
         | Another option is WASM or WASM-style sandboxes if using another
         | process is undesirable.
        
           | johnnythunder wrote:
           | One chained sandbox escape away from compromise.
        
             | ttoinou wrote:
             | Ahah
             | 
             | But are the compiler+OS that runs the ffmpeg executable
             | really a sandbox ?
        
               | fpoling wrote:
               | For executables on Linux there are things like bubblewrap
               | or firejail. One can also use a restrictive container.
               | But those are strictly weaker than browser sandboxes.
               | 
               | The most secure way presently is to use qubes-os that
               | allows to use a very hardened VM to run individual
               | applications.
        
             | loeg wrote:
             | Which is of course better than zero sandbox escapes.
        
       | nemothekid wrote:
       | > _The reach of this bug is what makes it serious. Any deployment
       | that points FFmpeg at an attacker-influenced RTSP URL is exposed:
       | media ingest pipelines fetching user-supplied stream URLs,
       | surveillance and CCTV systems pulling RTSP feeds, and transcoding
       | services processing remote AV1-over-RTP sources_
       | 
       | Wow this is actually pretty serious - I'm even surprised its
       | being published. There are several services where I can imagine
       | this is exploitable today.
        
         | akerl_ wrote:
         | Some people might suggest it's crucial to publish if you're
         | aware of a serious vulnerability, so that people using the
         | software in a vulnerable way can take steps to mitigate the
         | risk.
        
         | skupig wrote:
         | You would also need some sort of ASLR leak to make this
         | exploitable
        
           | woodruffw wrote:
           | Speaking from firsthand experience: codec and other media
           | processing libraries are some of the easiest software to find
           | address leaks in.
           | 
           | (There are a number of reasons for this, not least being that
           | C makes it very easy to ship partially initialized memory
           | over the wire.)
        
             | lostglass wrote:
             | Speed and security are not good bedfellows. Combine that
             | with really shitty standards and dozens of years of
             | development...
             | 
             | Oh, and licensing. Licensing is the real killer. I could
             | just write my own mp3 decoder easily (the format not the
             | file type) but I'm not gonna risk my company getting sued
             | into the ground by doing that.
        
               | woodruffw wrote:
               | I don't think this is necessarily true! Constraints can
               | be liberating: a language that allows strong encoding of
               | invariants makes it easier for the language's compiler to
               | optimize.
               | 
               | I agree about long periods of development and difficult
               | standards, though.
        
         | TiredOfLife wrote:
         | ffmpeg has stated many many times that they don't care about
         | bug or security reports
        
       | jacobgold wrote:
       | I've been using ffmpeg for a very long time, both personally and
       | for services I've built. Fabrice Bellard is a genius, and the
       | developers who have taken it so far have made the world
       | measurably richer.
       | 
       | But I can't think of a program more worthy of sandboxing when run
       | with untrusted input than ffmpeg. It's a huge amount of C dealing
       | with the most complicated video and audio codecs, which is
       | notoriously impossible to get completely right.
       | 
       | But it's not actually that big of a problem. I run ffmpeg inside
       | a VM or gVisor, and the end result is usually a video file that
       | I'm perfectly willing to play in my browser, where it gets
       | decoded in yet another sandbox because this shit is hard.
        
         | Gehinnn wrote:
         | What do you mean "video file that I'm perfectly willing to play
         | in my browser". Isn't it safe to assume that no video file can
         | escape the browser decoding sandbox?
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > Isn't it safe to assume that no video file can escape the
           | browser decoding sandbox?
           | 
           | Why would that be safe to assume? If that were a reasonable
           | assumption, you could just as well assume that it's safe to
           | run ffmpeg.
        
             | ttoinou wrote:
             | The parent does argues it is safer to sandbox ffmpeg yes
        
             | Denvercoder9 wrote:
             | I'm not up-to-speed with the current state of sandboxing in
             | browsers, but in principle it's (on modern operating
             | systems) not especially hard for them to sandbox the
             | decoding into a separate process with basically no
             | privileges beyond rendering a video stream. It's a bit
             | trickier if we're only considering demuxing and delegating
             | decoding to the hardware, but that's a much smaller attack
             | surface.
             | 
             | A manually run ffmpeg on the command line does nothing to
             | restrict its privileges, and its security model has very
             | little interest in doing so, while browsers very much have.
        
               | lostglass wrote:
               | Yeah, then you need to stream content in real time
               | between multiple processes. And not screw up the
               | licensing.
               | 
               | And get hardware acceleration working...
        
           | kjs3 wrote:
           | _Isn 't it safe to assume that no video file can escape the
           | browser decoding sandbox?_
           | 
           | It's 'safe to assume' it's not. It's emphatically not safe to
           | assume any mitigation is perfect.
        
         | cyberax wrote:
         | But then you also often need hardware accelerators for
         | encoding, so you need to use C again.
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | I glumly predict that copyright-holding companies wanting DRM,
         | "trusted platforms", regulatory capture, etc. will drive some
         | of the damage here.
         | 
         | Secure sandboxing tends to mean opportunities to make
         | unrestricted copies.
        
       | wavemode wrote:
       | > At this point the corrupted free pointer is called, and control
       | of the instruction pointer is ours.
       | 
       | Very serious, though in practice it doesn't sound like this bug
       | achieves arbitrary RCE on its own (especially in the presence of
       | ASLR). You would need there to be some writable and executable
       | page of memory lying around.
        
         | skupig wrote:
         | The article glosses over this, but it looks like the next
         | variable in the struct is conveniently the first parameter to
         | the function, so you can run arbitrary code with system() or
         | whatever. But, yeah, you would need some other exploit to
         | defeat ASLR.
        
       | ttoinou wrote:
       | Is the future of defense-against-foreign-agents-on-my-codebase to
       | subtly hide prompt injections into one's codebase that would
       | defeat agents to find security bugs ?
       | 
       | If the attackers of ffmpeg need to be using such those authors'
       | services to find RCE in popular tools to attack, what the ffmpeg
       | team needs to defeat attackers is to reduce efficiency of such
       | tools depthfirst
        
         | Davidzheng wrote:
         | No...
        
       | fizzynut wrote:
       | I find difficult to know how serious the issue is, if it is even
       | an issue.
       | 
       | LLM constantly confidently giving me this same sounding script
       | with a "the root cause" and how it "is simple" while being
       | completely incorrect.
        
         | josephg wrote:
         | Its 21 issues. And they've been human validated, as far as I
         | can tell.
        
         | lostglass wrote:
         | Most of them involve very weird and unlikely scenarios and bad
         | security practices _or_ access to the ffmpeg binaries and being
         | allowed to run arbitrary commands at an elevated permission.
         | 
         | In and of itself there's not a massive issue from what I can
         | see, they're entry vectors that can lead to worse situations.
         | 
         | That's not to say they're not serious but if a Russian hacking
         | group is using one of them it's in conjunction with other
         | exploits or security flaws. Which is common in practice when it
         | comes to decoding.
        
       | zerobees wrote:
       | Ffmpeg has an _exceptionally_ terrible track record when it comes
       | to security. People have been throwing fuzzers at it for as long
       | as I remember and coming back with a nearly inexhaustible supply
       | of memory corruption bugs. Here 's an effort by one Googler a
       | decade ago:
       | 
       | https://security.googleblog.com/2014/01/ffmpeg-and-thousand-...
       | 
       | So, while it's a demo of the capabilities of LLMs, this should
       | _not_ be at all surprising. Ffmpeg is absolutely not something
       | you should be running outside of a sandbox if you 're touching
       | any untrusted or user-supplied content. I know that people do,
       | and these people are taking unreasonable risks.
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | They're also extremely hostile to security researchers who
         | report these issues.
        
           | insanitybit wrote:
           | https://x.com/ffmpeg/status/2039115531744334180?s=46&t=qCSkw.
           | ..
           | 
           | Security is the punch line for ffmpeg.
        
             | hootz wrote:
             | Oh my god! They are so funny and memeable! _gets RCE 'd_
        
             | grahamjperrin wrote:
             | I'm glad to see their sense of humour :-)
             | 
             | https://nitter.net/ffmpeg/status/2039115531744334180
        
               | KPGv2 wrote:
               | > Assembly is a human readable version of machine code.
               | It's exactly the same.
               | 
               | goddamn, and this is a project that prides itself on
               | having had-written assembly in it
        
               | breppp wrote:
               | There's certainly assembly that maps directly to the
               | machine language bytes, I assume you are talking about
               | the version of assembly with the high level loop macros
        
               | rcbdev wrote:
               | In some circles, High Level Assembly (HLA) is lovingly
               | called "Mainframe Assembly".
        
             | KPGv2 wrote:
             | Apr Fools Day really is the shittiest day to be online. For
             | one thing, practical jokes/pranks are just gussied-up
             | asshole behavior. For another thing, nerds generally SUCK
             | at information-delivery pranks, which is what the Internet
             | is full of on Apr 1.
        
               | hdgvhicv wrote:
               | Back in 2004 when free email services like hotmail were
               | limited to 10-15mb, on April 1st the evening standard
               | front page headline, which I saw in the office around
               | 2pm, was something "Google lunched 1gb email"
               | 
               | I couldn't believe they had fallen for an April fools so
               | hard.
        
             | stackghost wrote:
             | In their defense, the "rewrite it in rust" crowd can be
             | really grating.
        
           | grahamjperrin wrote:
           | > ... hostile to security researchers who report these
           | issues.
           | 
           | Do you have an example?
        
             | naturalmovement wrote:
             | I have numerous examples of security researchers being
             | hostile and impossible to work with (but cannot share them
             | unfortunately).
        
             | lukaslalinsky wrote:
             | I don't have an example, but I know the pattern. You are
             | working on your software, security researcher finds a bug,
             | it's in your project, for you it's just another bug, but
             | for them it's a point on their CV, so they make a theater
             | about it, and expect priority in dealing with it. It must
             | get tiring if you get many of these.
        
           | duped wrote:
           | One dude running an X account is not indicative of a
           | community to be honest.
           | 
           | That said, that dude has a point. "Researchers" chasing clout
           | with their names attached to CVEs is kind of ridiculous. Half
           | these CVEs are missing bounds checks that can be fixed with a
           | patch in as much effort as writing up the blog post
           | announcing that there was a missing bounds check.
        
             | boomlinde wrote:
             | I guess that the perceived problem from a security
             | perspective is that they're there, not that they're
             | necessarily hard to fix once found.
        
           | lkt wrote:
           | The guy running the twitter account is incompetent but the
           | actual devs are a lot saner I think.
           | 
           | I agree it reflects poorly on them though
        
         | gerdesj wrote:
         | ffmpeg is also rather popular and delivers a lot of
         | functionality. Its unlikely that you don't have it installed.
         | 
         | Yes, there are security issues but quite a few are not ffmpeg
         | itself related - the input is pretty shabby or at least not
         | exactly easy to deal with!
         | 
         | Obviously, they could do with some assistance and I'm sure you
         | and I will both dive in with equal zeal.
        
         | naturalmovement wrote:
         | If there was a nearly inexhaustible supply of Indian security
         | researchers emailing you a nearly inexhaustible supply of LLM
         | slop daily, there is a point where you or I would stop caring
         | too.
         | 
         | ffmpeg is Free Software. You are also free not to use it.
         | 
         | Oddly enough, despite all these endless grievances, no one has
         | come up with a better or more capable tool, certainly not one
         | that is freely available.
         | 
         | Evidently no one cares either, because most implementations of
         | ffmpeg I've seen typically run it as root "because we have to".
         | _Don 't worry we use Docker bro._
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | > nearly inexhaustible supply of LLM slop daily,
           | 
           | Actual well written vulnerability reports are not the same as
           | slop.
           | 
           | AI slop is a real problem and annoying. Just because it
           | exists does not mean every vulnerability report is AI slop.
           | 
           | Ffmpeg devs are free not to care, but then they cant complain
           | when they start to get a bad reputation.
        
             | naturalmovement wrote:
             | > AI slop is a real problem and annoying. Just because it
             | exists does not mean every vulnerability report is AI slop.
             | 
             | Ok but who is going to sift through it all to triage the
             | good bits when you're working on something for free?
             | 
             | > Ffmpeg devs are free not to care, but then they cant
             | complain when they start to get a bad reputation
             | 
             | Who gives a shit about reputation when you're the only game
             | in town?
             | 
             | There is nothing out there that even attempts to
             | approximate an ffmpeg clone. They are the Swiss army knife
             | of media encoding and all complainers have produced are
             | plastic sporks.
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | > Ok but who is going to sift through it all to triage
               | the good bits when you're working on something for free?
               | 
               | Its like anything else in open source. Maintainers will
               | do so if they care. Maybe they decide they don't care.
               | That is always their decision to make but there are
               | consequences for the project. Maybe those consequences
               | make sense. Being a maintainer is all about making cost-
               | benefit trade offs.
               | 
               | > Who gives a shit about reputation when you're the only
               | game in town?
               | 
               | Its up to the maintainers whether they care or not. It
               | depends on what they value.
               | 
               | Ultimately if maintainers make decisions that are at odds
               | with what their userbase want, someone eventually forks
               | and people vote with their feet.
        
               | naturalmovement wrote:
               | Security is a bit different.
               | 
               | Today it's an industry driven by unscrupulous clout-
               | chasers and a commitment to quantity over quality.
               | 
               | There is a difference between going through patches and
               | pull requests vs. the endless stream of LLM-assisted
               | bullshit that has started cluttering security inboxes in
               | the last few years.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Vulnerability researchers don't create the
               | vulnerabilities they report. The vulnerabilities exist
               | whether or not they're reported by "clout chasers".
        
               | eipi10_hn wrote:
               | Yes, and people will sit there and sip tea while waiting
               | for "someone"? For how long?
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | > Yes, and people will sit there and sip tea while
               | waiting for "someone"? For how long?
               | 
               | Until someone cares enough to do it. This is open source
               | software. When it comes to open source, the golden rule
               | is you either do the things you care about yourself or
               | stfu.
               | 
               | Given the libav fork wasn't all that long ago, it can
               | obviously happen to ffmpeg just as much as it can happen
               | to any other project.
        
         | nerdsniper wrote:
         | Is GStreamer a more secure alternative or does it just get a
         | bit less attention than ffmpeg?
        
           | ranger_danger wrote:
           | In my experience it's mainly run by very grumpy and
           | opinionated Europeans who take pride in having bugs old
           | enough to drink.
        
           | WD-42 wrote:
           | From what I understand gstreamer is more about building
           | complex pipelines and plugins, ffmpeg is better at playing
           | some obscure 20 year old video format extremely efficiently
           | so you can watch it compiled for a potato.
           | 
           | Different cases really I think both are good.
        
             | hackernudes wrote:
             | That's not really true. Ffmpeg is a Swiss army knife for
             | anything related to digital multimedia (old and new). It is
             | broken into a few libraries but doesn't really have
             | plugins.
             | 
             | Gstreamer has a different model, chaining together plugins.
             | Lots of overlap, but I think Gstreamer only has real
             | traction because some silicon vendors use it.
        
           | wmf wrote:
           | Doesn't GStreamer mostly use ffmpeg plugins?
        
           | hugmynutus wrote:
           | GStreamer is just a different front end to ffmpeg.
           | 
           | ffmpeg's core functionality (encode, decode, streams, pipes,
           | channels) are all implemented in `libav` which gstreamer
           | links against.
        
             | harrall wrote:
             | GStreamer doesn't use ffmpeg's pipeline at all. It
             | implements a much more advanced directed graph with
             | disconnect, connection and pad negotiation. You can
             | dynamically swap out the entire filter graph during live
             | playback with zero disruption. Swap feeds, outputs,
             | effects... all at runtime.
             | 
             | ffmpeg and other media frameworks (Windows Media
             | Foundation, Apple's AVFramwork) only support static
             | pipelines. You can use "switcher" components but the inputs
             | are still static.
             | 
             | GStreamer is extremely special. The only thing that comes
             | close was Microsoft's DirectShow, which has since been
             | replaced with Media Foundation which can't do it. And while
             | DirectShow did support it, it was fragile because many 3rd
             | party filters did not support dynamic configuration.
             | 
             | GStreamer does use ffmpeg, but it just wraps the core
             | encoder/decoder/filter code and discards the
             | streams/graph/pipe part of ffmpeg.
        
               | Sesse__ wrote:
               | > ffmpeg and other media frameworks (Windows Media
               | Foundation, Apple's AVFramwork) only support static
               | pipelines.
               | 
               | FFmpeg doesn't do "pipelines". It's a library, not a
               | framework.
        
           | derf_ wrote:
           | Any multimedia project trying to support a large number of
           | formats, whose usage in the wild differs by orders of
           | magnitude, is going to have code of varying quality (although
           | quality is _not_ strictly correlated with usage: age and
           | complexity are also big factors, among others). GStreamer
           | puts plugins into different categories (-good, -bad, etc.)
           | based on things like the maturity of the code, which helps
           | you judge what risks you are taking. With FFmpeg it is harder
           | to know which formats are more likely to have issues. Of
           | course GStreamer can use FFmpeg, in which case you will also
           | have all of FFmpeg 's problems.
           | 
           | In both cases you are best off restricting things to what you
           | actually use.
        
           | samiv wrote:
           | Gstreamer is a multimedia framework where the user creates
           | media DAGs by placing video/audio/multimedia elements such as
           | demuxers, decoders etc in a pipeline. The framework then
           | takes care of running the media pipeline and handles the data
           | buffering etc.
           | 
           | Within the framework there are multitudes of plugin packages
           | that contain said elements and many of them are built on top
           | of ffmpeg.
        
         | oinoom wrote:
         | Funny, John Carmack was just admiring the creator of ffmpeg the
         | other day for being a better programmer.
         | https://x.com/id_aa_carmack/status/2064095424420487226?s=46
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | One thing has nothing to do with the other.
        
           | wavemode wrote:
           | Security vulnerabilities are less about programming ability
           | and more about rigor.
        
           | pibaker wrote:
           | Famous man whose last impactful work was decades ago and
           | spent years on meta's sinking metaverse boat said so, so it
           | must be true.
        
             | endofreach wrote:
             | So who is someone who's opinion is worth anything to you?
             | 
             | Except yourself, presumably, to me it almost seems nobody
             | is perfect.
        
               | pibaker wrote:
               | On this subject I'd at minimum expect someone with
               | experience in security. Not someone most famously known
               | for making toys that run on computers.
        
               | bravoetch wrote:
               | I've seen a lot of things written about Carmack over the
               | last 30+ years, not one comment this casually dismissive
               | until today.
        
             | zerobees wrote:
             | I don't think that's fair. There's a lot of talent and grit
             | behind ffmpeg. But for better or worse, getting the code to
             | do what it's supposed to do requires a different mindset
             | than getting it to _not do anything else_ (i.e., to handle
             | malicious inputs correctly).
             | 
             | The developers of ffmpeg are very good at the first thing
             | and not very good at the second. But few people on this
             | planet, if instructed to write a complex video format
             | parser in C or assembly, can produce something that's
             | secure on the first try. The main failing of the ffmpeg
             | team is that they should have spent more time on
             | architectural hardening and mitigations. Most other large
             | projects of this type do.
        
               | HappMacDonald wrote:
               | So all I am hearing is.. Rust
        
             | plaguuuuuu wrote:
             | Can't help laughing at a random ad hominem against John
             | Carmack of all people, and about his opinion on a guy who
             | is already widely regarded as an especially talented
             | programmer.
        
           | mjg59 wrote:
           | The majority of code in ffmpeg today isn't written by
           | Fabrice, but also there's multiple axes that people view
           | programming ability on. Some people can write software that
           | will do things you couldn't imagine given the constraints.
           | Some people can write software that is resilient against all
           | malformed input. Sometimes these people are the same people,
           | but frequently they're not.
        
         | anon-3988 wrote:
         | Doesn't this negate all the amazing muh assembly hacking that
         | they do lol
        
         | cubefox wrote:
         | > Ffmpeg is absolutely not something you should be running
         | outside of a sandbox if you're touching any untrusted or user-
         | supplied content.
         | 
         | You would change your opinion quickly if your browser, apps and
         | TV suddenly stopped supporting videos due to relying on FFmpeg.
        
           | defrost wrote:
           | What prevents running a data stream in, transcoded data out
           | sandbox with no access to unlimited resources, system files,
           | system stacks, etc.
           | 
           | It's okay for a sandbox to fall over due to bad inputs and
           | poor memory security if it can just be restarted and move
           | onto other streams.
        
             | ReactiveJelly wrote:
             | I think Chromium already does sandbox ffmpeg in the
             | renderer process because of their "Rule of Two": https://ch
             | romium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/HEAD/docs/s...
             | 
             | Thus:
             | 
             | 1. Code which processes untrusted input
             | 
             | 2. Code written in unsafe languages like C or C++
             | 
             | 3. Code that runs without a sandbox
             | 
             | So ffmpeg should be sandboxed, same as the network code and
             | GPU process are sandboxed.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | I completely agree, with regard for the GP's point about
               | Android TV's with onboard ffmpeg libraries and Addon Apps
               | that call on said libraries (or pull in their own) ..
               | 
               | Cheap arse low resource TVs _should_ either include some
               | form of sandboxing OR the entire device should be treated
               | as a  "can fall over" sandbox .. well isolated from any
               | household LAN of consequence, etc.
               | 
               | It seems unlikely that BoxStore Brand Android TVs will be
               | well designed with an eye to security so <shrug> they're
               | an exercise for home net admin masochists and/or an
               | opportunity to market sensible easy to use IoT age
               | routers that come preconfigured to handle bad-device(s).
        
               | cubefox wrote:
               | Am I getting this right, you expect TVs which are running
               | Google TV (Android TV is the old name) to be less secure
               | than TVs which are running a different operating system?
               | I think the opposite is the case, because Google TV is
               | developed by Google, which has a lot of experience with
               | software security, while other TV operating systems are
               | developed by companies which clearly don't have that
               | experience.
        
               | defrost wrote:
               | There are a _lot_ of  "Android like" TVs out there.
        
         | bitwize wrote:
         | Time to RIIR, then?
        
           | anonymousiam wrote:
           | I haven't seen that acronym before, but my guess is that it's
           | "Re-Implement In Rust", right?
        
             | erk__ wrote:
             | Usually it's Rewrite it in Rust, but both work I guess
        
         | endofreach wrote:
         | Of course. Everybody knows to rather use the obvious
         | alternative to ffmpeg!
        
         | teravor wrote:
         | while sandboxing ffmpeg directly isn't difficult, unfortunately
         | with something like MPV/VLC that uses ffmpeg it's more
         | challenging. until recently (virtio gpu native context) it
         | wasn't even possible to sandbox a video player without losing
         | all hardware acceleration. at least not from the outside, they
         | could always try to sequester ffmpeg and seccomp it to hell
         | like chromium.
        
       | bayouborne wrote:
       | What about VLC's own built-in versions of decoding libraries (I
       | think, from the FFmpeg project)? Is there a scenario here where
       | we may have to deal with malicious MP4 files?
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | All media containers are potentially hostile. Any offset,
         | extent, or reference has to be considered hostile user-provided
         | input.
        
       | omoikane wrote:
       | Is there a timeline for each of these bugs? I wonder if these
       | bugs had been reported to ffmpeg yet.
        
       | Philpax wrote:
       | "No way to prevent this" say users of only language where this
       | regularly happens, etc, etc. Several of these bugs do not appear
       | to be in hot code and would have been detected by a language with
       | saner behaviour.
        
         | izacus wrote:
         | Well, get to work then and rewrite, should be quick. Chop-chop!
        
       | da_chicken wrote:
       | That's not what "zero-day" means.
        
         | nerdsniper wrote:
         | It seems to have lost its meaning after getting popularized
         | following Stuxnet coverage.
        
           | da_chicken wrote:
           | No, I think it was since Code Red.
           | 
           | I understand why it's poorly understood. It's a snappy term,
           | and people assume it means "bad" and nothing else because
           | that's all you can get from the context. However, since most
           | people also don't know the difference between a vulnerability
           | and an exploit, they won't understand the definition of a
           | zero-day when they read it.
           | 
           | But I'm still going to complain if a _security vulnerability
           | research company_ is using the term incorrectly in their own
           | press copy. It makes them look amateurish.
        
             | NooneAtAll3 wrote:
             | > the difference between a vulnerability and an exploit
             | 
             | is it the difference between a knife and a stab wound?
        
               | da_chicken wrote:
               | No, that's the difference between exploit (knife) and
               | either the incident or impact (wound). The vulnerability
               | would be a gap in armor.
               | 
               | The vulnerability is _the exposed weakness_.
               | Vulnerabilities get fixes, and they exist without anybody
               | knowing about them. Vulnerabilities get CVEs assigned to
               | them.
               | 
               | The exploit is _the means of attack_. It 's the specific
               | actions or calls that let you take advantage of a
               | vulnerability. It could be a worm, or botnet scripts, or
               | specifically crafted data[0]. A proof of concept is _not_
               | an exploit itself, but it demonstrates that the
               | vulnerability can be exploited.
               | 
               | An example of a vulnerability might be a gate where the
               | gap between the door and the jam are too wide. The
               | exploit is a coat hanger used to lift the inside latch
               | from outside the gate. That results in unprivileged
               | access.
               | 
               | And zero-day specifically compares when the white hats
               | (vendors, system owners) and the black hats learn about
               | the existence of a vulnerability. If white hats learn
               | that a vulnerability exists by being subject to an _in-
               | the-wild black hat exploit_ of it, then it 's a true
               | zero-day.
               | 
               | [0]: https://xkcd.com/327/
        
         | journal wrote:
         | Explain what it means along with your statement. Maybe I have
         | the wrong definition too.
        
           | perlgeek wrote:
           | (not op)
           | 
           | If a security bug is exploited in the wild, it's an n-day if
           | it's been first exploited n days after the publication of the
           | bug, and a zero-day if it's been exploited before or on the
           | day of the publication.
           | 
           | When a bug is not yet exploited in the wild, it's just a
           | discovery of a bug, not a zero-day.
        
       | lschueller wrote:
       | Inflated use of the term zero-day, while none of the described
       | vulnerabilities is actually a zero-day. But it sounds and clicks
       | good.. thank you for the PoC.
        
       | tom_ wrote:
       | > A victim only has to run ffmpeg -i rtsp://attacker/stream, the
       | most ordinary command imaginable
       | 
       | What about "ls"?
        
       | kodt wrote:
       | Infinity - 21 is still infinity
        
       | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
       | Even if this isn't as big a deal as this [advertisement for a
       | security company] seems, it is a reminder that every application
       | you release does have a security hole somewhere, and a script
       | kiddie can now find it 5 minutes after release for $2 in credit.
       | If you're not red-teaming your code before release, hackers are
       | doing it after.
        
       | appleappleapple wrote:
       | Help me understand: depthfirst seems to be bigging up their
       | "security agent" here, but is it not just prompt engineering +
       | writing skill files? What goes into producing a "security agent"
       | beyond this? Feels like they're really gussying up a process that
       | is ultimately just LLM usage
        
       | guessmyname wrote:
       | I think the industry is optimizing for the wrong thing.
       | Generating thousands of AI-written bug reports is easy, at least
       | with Mythos (preview 1) or GPT-5.5. Getting bugs fixed is the
       | hard part.
       | 
       | A few months ago I started working on a system that finds
       | critical security issues and opens PRs instead of just filing
       | reports. The acceptance rate is sitting at roughly 94% so far.
       | Most of the failures were due to project-specific kill switches
       | or other internal mechanisms that weren't documented, not because
       | the vulnerability itself was misidentified.
       | 
       | Developers generally seem to prefer this approach. A bug report
       | creates work. A good PR removes work. That sounds obvious, but a
       | lot of security products still stop at the report and call it a
       | day.
        
         | rcbdev wrote:
         | I think I'm missing something here. Apple software has no open
         | source code, how are you suggesting fixes?
        
           | tkocmathla wrote:
           | What?
           | 
           | https://github.com/apple
        
             | rcbdev wrote:
             | I genuinely didn't know about their OSS efforts, thanks!
        
               | Thev00d00 wrote:
               | I wouldn't go so far as efforts, so much as legally
               | required publication of 3rd party code they use, or open
               | wrappers to their proprietary libraries
        
         | Rygian wrote:
         | > I think the industry is optimizing for the wrong thing.
         | 
         | Indeed: The industry optimizes for speed, time to market, and
         | features, and applies the ostrich model to everything that
         | doesn't bring short-time revenue (security considerations,
         | accessibility, vendor lock-in, interoperability, ...)
         | 
         | This has been going on for as long as the industry exists, and
         | now we start to have the proper tools to assess the damage and
         | understand the brittleness of it all.
        
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