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       [HN Gopher] Where Did Earth Get Its Oceans? Maybe It Made Them I...
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       Where Did Earth Get Its Oceans? Maybe It Made Them Itself
        
       Author : ibobev
       Score  : 114 points
       Date   : 2026-06-12 15:32 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
  HTML web link (www.quantamagazine.org)
  TEXT w3m dump (www.quantamagazine.org)
        
       | thangalin wrote:
       | My Impacts project depicts a scene from the prolonged
       | bombardment, a time when Earth was cratered by asteroids and
       | comets:
       | 
       | * https://impacts.to/downloads/lowres/impacts.pdf#page=9
       | 
       | * https://impacts.to/bibliography.pdf
        
         | veqq wrote:
         | That's really cool!
        
       | jdw64 wrote:
       | Life began in the Ocean, but why did civilization begin on land?
       | Is it because of fire? But I wonder if a different kind of
       | civilization could have emerged
        
         | vitally3643 wrote:
         | That's one theory, yes. Cooking food (with fire) makes more
         | calories available, meaning less hunting required to support
         | more individuals, and/or freeing up more time and calories for
         | thinking. This allowed us to evolve bigger and more complex
         | brains.
         | 
         | While it's not a given that fire is a hard prerequisite for an
         | industrial civilization, it certainly accelerated our
         | technological development. Fact of the matter is, we know of
         | exactly one civilization, which is not enough to draw any
         | conclusions. There's no real reason we know of that aquatic
         | species _cannot_ evolve into a technological civilization, we
         | just haven 't seen it happen. Fact is we don't really _know_
         | how an intelligent technological species evolves. We only have
         | guesses from our own history.
        
           | smilespray wrote:
           | And a sample size of one.
        
             | vitally3643 wrote:
             | That's what I said, yes.
        
             | nobodyandproud wrote:
             | We have counter examples of human pods that never really
             | achieved "civilization".
             | 
             | What's missing that make them more akin to orcas or wolves?
        
               | greiskul wrote:
               | It is possible it is just time. Modern humans are
               | considered to have existed for 300k~ years. Civilizations
               | are about 6k years old.
               | 
               | So who knows. Maybe if you gave them an extra 10k years,
               | they would have achived "civilization". It is not much
               | for the scale of human existance. But it is longer than
               | any of our civilizations has existed for.
        
               | nobodyandproud wrote:
               | For humans, I wonder if population size and density is
               | also a factor.
               | 
               | That is, if there's a critical mass and population size.
        
               | asdff wrote:
               | And makes sense with agriculture and civilization coming
               | together. Agriculture improved the carrying capacity of
               | an acre of land dramatically from what it was from
               | foraging and hunting.
        
               | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
               | Written language ?
               | 
               | Got it too easy ?
        
           | aurareturn wrote:
           | Fire, agriculture, electricity, AI.
           | 
           | Rank these inventions in terms of importance to humanity.
        
             | anonymousiam wrote:
             | It looks like you've already done so with the order of the
             | sequence that you used.
        
             | aozame wrote:
             | AI is not important at all. Just make things more
             | convenient, but is completely unnecessary.
        
               | bdamm wrote:
               | Check back in 5 years. This is going to age poorly.
               | 
               | The reason is that, despite what many think, AI actually
               | is able to create novel ideas and solutions. That's why
               | AlphaGo was so important; it couldn't beat the world's
               | best Go player just be being a fancy autocomplete and a
               | big processor. It had to create new discoveries and then
               | use them effectively. That was the turning point. It's
               | been a decade of improvements since then, and AI is
               | already making discoveries we couldn't have made without
               | it. The impacts are already here and in your world, you
               | just haven't recognized them as such yet. But in a few
               | years it will be undeniable to even the most uneducated
               | observer, since changes that could not be possible will
               | be present in every person's life as the effects ripple
               | out across basically every industry.
        
               | artisin wrote:
               | In no timeline nor carbon-based universe does GP's
               | comment age poorly.
        
               | stasomatic wrote:
               | I am a bit skeptical but cautiously optimistic about AI
               | "creating novel ideas", if we are using "create"
               | pedantically. Any interesting examples?
        
               | rogerrogerr wrote:
               | Those math proofs from a few weeks back seem plausible.
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | Nuclear weapons and the control structure around their use
             | and fossil fuels and the C-corporation and what it
             | optimizes for will probably turn out to be more important
             | to the long-term future of humanity and it's civilization.
        
               | vitally3643 wrote:
               | Fossil fuels are another feature like fire. One of the
               | leading theories is that the availability of extremely
               | energy dense fuels is one of the primary reason we were
               | able to industrialize, and that without those fuels
               | industrialization would be vastly more difficult if not
               | impossible.
               | 
               | Personally I disagree with 'impossible', but it would
               | definitely be harder. There's a pretty good argument to
               | be made for leaving significant quantities of fossil
               | fuels in the ground for the next civilization. If we wipe
               | ourselves out, whoever comes next is going to very badly
               | need those fuels to rebuild an industrial base.
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | There were copper & bronze age industrial sites. Esp Tin
               | & arsenic bronze smelting sites. Complete with child
               | labour, open pit mines, assembly line style processing,
               | and heavy metal poisoning. E.g. Semiyarka, in present day
               | Kazakhstan, ~1600 BCE. You can still see the
               | environmental damage to this day from the air.
               | 
               | Romans had industrial processes, too, for things like
               | fabric / laundry cleaning.
               | 
               | What's new in the 18th/19th century is full-on
               | mechanization of industry. And the wage labour system to
               | make it possible. Accompanied by acts of enclosure etc to
               | drive the peasantry off the land and into factories. Also
               | the mechanization of agriculture that went with that.
        
             | vitally3643 wrote:
             | That's the fun thing, since we have only observed a single
             | advanced civilization, and that one only indirectly through
             | archaeological evidence, there's no hard facts to be had!
             | We can only make guesses. We don't know what is and is not
             | required to make an advanced technological species, and we
             | won't have any answers until we meet another one to compare
             | with.
        
             | cmrdporcupine wrote:
             | Arguably they're all fire -- requiring/involving forms of
             | combustion.
             | 
             | (Well, debatable about agriculture, slash'n'burn wasn't the
             | only form of it, but it was common for land clearing at
             | least... all we have now is one that involves combustion
             | engines, though...)
        
             | dyauspitr wrote:
             | AI hasn't taken its final form yet.
        
         | ekelsen wrote:
         | Interesting to think what could be if cephalopods raised their
         | young instead of leaving them to completely fend for
         | themselves. It would start intergenerational knowledge
         | transfer, i.e. culture. Maybe selection pressure then trends
         | towards group cooperation instead of going it solo.
         | 
         | I still think there would be huge barriers to "civilization" as
         | I think you mean? (Do any of the apes have "civilization"?).
        
           | sarkhan wrote:
           | Orcas do this already.
           | 
           | I mean there might be a already a civilization that is in the
           | building that will peak 100k years later, and we just don't
           | know about it.
        
             | ekelsen wrote:
             | having arms is probably an advantage in developing tool-
             | use, but who knows!
        
           | fhdkweig wrote:
           | The real problem with cephalopods is their lifespan. For
           | their age, they are almost as smart as humans, the problem is
           | that they don't live past the age of 5 years.
        
             | ekelsen wrote:
             | I would argue that not having any overlap between
             | generations is a bigger problem. It guarantees no
             | accumulation of knowledge.
        
               | fhdkweig wrote:
               | Agreed. If they were social enough to form large
               | communities of unrelated families, it would also fix the
               | generation overlap. But they don't do that either. They
               | seem to be in a weird evolutionary dead end for
               | intelligence.
        
         | Calavar wrote:
         | Brains are resource hungry, especially oxygen hungry. Earth's
         | air is orders of magnitude richer in oxygen molecules than its
         | water. This likely made it easier for intelligence to develop
         | on land. It's worth noting that the smartest aquatic animals
         | are air breathing mammals that spent much of their evolutionary
         | history on land before returning to water.
        
           | onlypassingthru wrote:
           | When did octopuses start breathing air?
        
             | Calavar wrote:
             | Octopuses are smart, but I've yet to see anything that
             | suggests they are smarter than dolphins or whales.
        
               | mapt wrote:
               | Both whales and prairie dogs turn out to have rather
               | advanced degrees of verbal language capability, more
               | complex than any of the Great Apes bar homo sapiens.
               | Crows somehow culturally remember the face of an
               | antagonist multiple generations later. Almost every
               | highly social vertebrate has degrees of intelligence that
               | would get you burned as a witch if you'd suggested it not
               | too long ago, in the era when "Fishes clearly don't feel
               | pain" was just a cultural default assumption.
        
               | onlypassingthru wrote:
               | I've heard that the biggest limiting factor in octopus
               | ocean domination is their short lifespans. Tool use,
               | building structures, communication, facial recognition,
               | multiple brains, it's all there.
               | 
               | https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/octopuses-keep-surprising-
               | us-...
        
         | zahlman wrote:
         | Physically manipulating objects is a lot harder underwater,
         | even if you somehow evolve fine motor control despite not
         | having any real use for it. So that severely limits what an
         | intelligent aquatic species could actually do with that
         | intelligence. Aside from fire you're missing the wheel, a
         | writing system and many other things.
        
           | card_zero wrote:
           | Being immersed in solvent can't help with things like graphic
           | arts and pottery.
        
         | nobodyandproud wrote:
         | Humans are one of a handful species equipped to change their
         | immediate environment to suit their needs, across virtually
         | every environment, and introduce stability.
         | 
         | Beyond that...
         | 
         | Being able to have down time seems like a prerequisite to
         | creating. civilization.
         | 
         | Also, having both the intelligence and desire to seem and
         | recognize ways to improve--even if not strictly necessary--via
         | tools to free up even more time also seems to be a requirement.
         | 
         | And having a system to reliably and in-scale transmit this
         | knowledge is the final ingredient.
         | 
         | So some baseline stability, down-time, intelligence, reliable
         | knowledge transmission, tool-use for the above, and active
         | willingness to improve all of the above all seem like necessary
         | ingredients.
        
         | TheBigSalad wrote:
         | You're talking about a thing that happened for 1 species for
         | such a small period of Earth's history to be just a blip.
         | There's not enough data to draw a conclusion here.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | One hypothesis is that the brain began too look (and eventually
         | plan) farther ahead with land animals, because you have a much
         | farther view in air than in water. On land there is more
         | evolutionary pressure to change one's behavior regarding
         | animals farther away that you see and that can see you, to
         | predict their behavior and plan one's own behavior within a
         | larger time horizon.
        
         | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
         | 1) Land has more diverse and rapidly changing environments,
         | creating generalists, creating advanced intelligence
         | 
         | 2) Civilization requires hands, but in water fins and flippers
         | are more useful
         | 
         | 3) Sure, it could have worked out differently, but here we are
        
         | stasomatic wrote:
         | Can't answer that, nobody will likely to be able to ever,
         | outside religions. We are NBKs. How that happened, idk, some
         | cosmic curse. Dolphins didn't develop atlatals, broad heads,
         | catapults, napalm, and F35s.
        
         | yieldcrv wrote:
         | > but why did civilization begin on land?
         | 
         | Octopus have civilization, despite the usual solo trip, group
         | behavior has been observed, small neighborhoods of octopi
         | staying within their shells and occasionally pestering each
         | other.
         | 
         | Some aquatic mammals have civilization as well.
         | 
         | A lot of what's going on just hasn't been observed well
        
       | oneneptune wrote:
       | Wow what an awesome art piece by Ada Zejun Shen that they
       | commissioned(?) for this article!
        
         | iknowstuff wrote:
         | I thought it was ai generated lol
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | even when websites provide attribution for images, people
           | don't read them
        
         | burkaman wrote:
         | Their portfolio is beautiful https://adazshen.com/
        
           | opticfluorine wrote:
           | Wow, what a portfolio! This one in particular caught my eye:
           | https://adazshen.com/Viral-Placenta
           | 
           | I have little artistic ability myself, but I am continuously
           | in awe of what artists create. It makes me hope for the
           | optimistic outlook of AI where UBI frees people to pursue
           | creative and intellectual pursuits, rather than constantly
           | trying to push a stock price uphill.
        
       | martzy13 wrote:
       | So the theory explained here is that Hydrogen mixed with the
       | Oxygen in the melted rock (magma) of earth, under extremely high
       | pressure to create our earth specific flavor of H2O (appropriate
       | amount of trace minerals and deuterium).
       | 
       | Am I reading that correctly?
       | 
       | Link to the paper mentioned in the article:
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09630-7
        
         | lightedman wrote:
         | Correct, and we can demonstrate this via various gem-bearing
         | and REE-bearing pegmatites which almost universally contain
         | magmatic-sourced water trapped within them.
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | Could this have happened under the pressure of the
           | interplanetary collision with the protoplanet "Theia" that
           | led to the creation of the moon?
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | Maybe some of Earth's oceans came from its rings collapsing (not
       | kidding)
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPhwhq-f1Uo
        
       | doublerabbit wrote:
       | 200 years from now on HN.
       | 
       | "Where Did Earth Get Its Deserts? Maybe It's Ai, Datacentres and
       | Climate Change"
        
       | module1973 wrote:
       | Earth made water.. right.. and a big explosion made the earth?
       | How stupid do you think we all are?
        
         | petermcneeley wrote:
         | They have played us all for absolute fools!
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | How could the Earth be round? All the water would fall right
         | off!
        
       | escape_42 wrote:
       | i imagine this is what happens when a giant iceball starts to
       | melt
        
       | userulluipeste wrote:
       | _" Other scientists agree that some amount of water could have
       | formed on Earth -- but perhaps not nearly enough to produce its
       | oceans." "Earth might have been a water factory for only a
       | moment, but that moment may have been enough to forge oceans."_
       | 
       | Well, our planet has magnetosphere and it also had life for a
       | long time already. Although the magnetosphere reduces the influx
       | of Hydrogen in form of solar wind proton bombardment, it also
       | prevents the loss of Hydrogen that managed to get captured on
       | Earth by not letting it be blown away from the upper layers of
       | atmosphere. Life at one point, almost two and a half billion
       | years ago, caused the Great Oxygenation Event, in which the
       | entire atmosphere got Oxygen rich. This very special atmosphere
       | (for all that time) made it possible for the incoming Hydrogen
       | (be it from the Sun, other stars, or just as the most common form
       | of dust in the universe blown in here from whatever direction and
       | cause) to ultimately be collected as water. Two and a half
       | billion years, that's a lot of time to accrue water. It ought to
       | show, at some point. So it's at least one pair of factors that
       | could have led to a surplus of water we see today, besides what
       | might have existed from very beginning.
        
       | kbelder wrote:
       | I've read Europa has more water than Earth. Is the idea that it
       | accumulated its water through an entirely different means? Or
       | that it formed with its water, and didn't lose it during the
       | initial coalescence, like the Earth did?
       | 
       | This is one of those areas where I don't know enough to oppose
       | the scientists that are experts in this domain, and so I know I
       | should accept the general consensus... but there's still a
       | niggling doubt in my mind because it just doesn't feel right.
        
       | iJohnDoe wrote:
       | Earth inherited water, released it, and retained it, while the
       | atmosphere and oceans formed together as a coupled system.
       | Heating released water via volcanism. Outgassing formed an
       | atmosphere rich in water vapor. Cooling caused condensation and
       | rainfall. Oceans stabilized.
       | 
       | Oxygen accumulated only after oceans already existed for over a
       | billion years.
        
       | hofo wrote:
       | As opposed to what, a gift from aliens?
        
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