URI:
       [HN Gopher] Who is Satoshi Nakamoto? My quest to unmask Bitcoin'...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Who is Satoshi Nakamoto? My quest to unmask Bitcoin's creator
        
       https://archive.is/iRBng
        
       Author : jfirebaugh
       Score  : 399 points
       Date   : 2026-04-08 04:37 UTC (1 days ago)
        
  HTML web link (www.nytimes.com)
  TEXT w3m dump (www.nytimes.com)
        
       | xvxvx wrote:
       | He's not one person but a front for a US law enforcement task
       | force dedicated to tracking down cyber criminals and anyone who
       | would need anonymity online. It started, alongside TOR, as a way
       | for drug dealers, weapons dealers, and pedophiles to do business.
       | Neither cryptocurrency nor TOR are actually anonymous. They're
       | part of a pretty impressive honeypot ecosystem.
       | 
       | What I'm interested in is the pivot when crypto tried to go
       | legit. Some spook or suit decided that it would be used for other
       | reasons also. Now it has some semblance of legitimacy.
       | 
       | Before anyone asks: social media is another part of the same
       | ecosystem. Nurtured and protected by the government and law
       | enforcement, despite any number of practices that would bankrupt
       | most companies and sent people to jail.
        
         | someperson wrote:
         | The FBI created the purportedly encrypted "AN0M" messaging app
         | [1] as part of a sting operation running between 2018-2021 used
         | to catch drug-traffickers.
         | 
         | Creating a fake app that people believe is secure or anonymous
         | is an easier way to run a police sting operation than first
         | making a significant breakthrough in Distributed Systems around
         | the Byzantine Generals Problem.
         | 
         | For your conspiracy theory to be true, at some point a
         | honeypot/sting operation must actually end and arrests be made
         | and the evidence be used in court.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Trojan_Shield
        
           | jahnu wrote:
           | Would make a good tv show where a small group in a secretive
           | TLA org started this but then made so much money they decided
           | to keep it to themselves and get rich.
           | 
           | "Sorry director, the experimental project was a failure. We
           | deleted it all now to clean up and free resources. Oh and
           | yeah unrelated, I need to hand in my notice. Want to spend
           | more time with my ...er... family. Thanks."
        
             | cucumber3732842 wrote:
             | People who've seen what the nation state can do to those
             | who draw it's ire don't do such things.
             | 
             | But other than that it would make a good show.
        
         | WhereIsTheTruth wrote:
         | That's my theory as well, but not just to catch digital
         | criminals, but it's a test bed for the digital wallet / ID
         | 
         | I don't think it's exclusively american tho, it's a consortium
         | between US/EU/ASIA, to establish the foundation of the world
         | government, digital first
        
         | Lammy wrote:
         | It also locks us all down to just the computers that are in our
         | possession and the big tech silos, because now nobody can offer
         | any computer resources free to the public without crypto miners
         | immediately getting dropped on them. Even GitHub Actions got
         | used this way, for example. Now every-goddamn-thing is sign up,
         | log in, Know Your Customer, show us your ID, move your head
         | like the arrows on screen, enter the digits from your
         | authenticator app, check your email for the unique code.
        
       | kaladin-jasnah wrote:
       | > I'd learned enough by then to know that P.G.P. relies on
       | public-key cryptography.
       | 
       | > So does Bitcoin. A Bitcoin user has two keys: a public key,
       | from which an address is derived that acts as a digital safe
       | deposit box; and a private key, which is the secret combination
       | used to unlock that box and spend the coins it contains.
       | 
       | > How interesting, I thought, that Mr. Back's grad-school hobby
       | involved the same cryptographic technique that Satoshi had
       | repurposed.
       | 
       | I read up to here, but I wasn't convinced that this is the
       | revelation that the author claims. To my knowledge, asymmetric
       | cryptography is widely used. I have no opinions on the rest of
       | the article, though.
        
         | kgeist wrote:
         | >I read up to here, but I wasn't convinced that this is the
         | revelation that the author claims
         | 
         | The rest of the arguments is as weak:
         | 
         | 1) both released open-source software
         | 
         | 2) both don't like spam
         | 
         | 3) both like using pseudonyms online
         | 
         | 4) both love freedom
         | 
         | 5) both are anti-copyright
         | 
         | etc.
         | 
         | Basically, the author found that Adam Back used the same words
         | on X as Satoshi did in some emails (including such rare words
         | as "dang," "backup," and "abandonware") and then decided to
         | find every possible "link" they could to build the case, even
         | if most of the links are along the lines of "Both are humans!
         | Coincidence? I think not."
        
           | tovej wrote:
           | I think this misses the point. The point is that interests
           | and writing style matches, which means there's a higher
           | chance they are the same person.
           | 
           | The more similarities you find, the closer the match. It's in
           | no way proof, of course. But it does provide good reason to
           | look closer
        
             | rcxdude wrote:
             | Only if those similarities are indicating more than
             | 'generic internet hacker' for both of them. You only need
             | 23 bits to identify a person but those are 23
             | _uncorrelated_ bits, and all the  'similarities' presented
             | here are extremely strongly correlated with themselves.
        
               | extraduder_ire wrote:
               | Where are you getting 23 from? That's only 8-ish million
               | values max.
        
               | bnjemian wrote:
               | Suspect it's a typo. 33, not 23, gives ~8.6*10^9.
        
               | rcxdude wrote:
               | D'oh, yeah.
        
               | emmelaich wrote:
               | Probably used logn not log2.                  >>>
               | math.log(8_000_000_000)        22.80270737862625
        
             | defrost wrote:
             | Similarities in style and word were common enough in small
             | circles such as the cyphyrpunks that spawned those
             | discussions.
             | 
             | Then there's not altogether unlikely chance that Satoshi is
             | a nodding homage to Nicolas Bourbaki, each contributor
             | holding part of a multiparty voting key.
        
             | alwa wrote:
             | The interests and writing style differentiate Mr. (Dr.?)
             | Back from the general public, sure. But from what I'm
             | reading, they don't do a great job of distinguishing
             | _between_ 90s hackers.
             | 
             | "Get this, his PhD thesis dealt with a computer language
             | called C++, _just like Bitcoin papers used_ " seems both
             | confused and impossibly lazy to me.
             | 
             | > _"Scrap patents and copyright," Mr. Back wrote in
             | September 1997._
             | 
             | > _Satoshi did a similar thing. He released the Bitcoin
             | software under M.I.T.'s open-source license_
             | 
             | Really?
             | 
             | Like saying "get this, his college-aged musical interests
             | included the Urban American musical style known as 'Hip
             | Hop'; therefore Tupac didn't really die and _this is him_."
             | Heavy on insinuation, light on seriousness. Strong
             | "...you're not from around here, are you?" vibes.
             | 
             | What does this kind of journalism hope to accomplish,
             | anyway? Beyond bothering middle-aged nerds for gossip? And
             | providing a frame for the author's cute little sleuth jape?
             | 
             | "Good reason to look closer" assumes there's good reason to
             | pick through ancient rubble in the first place.
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | Did you read most of the article or what?
        
               | alwa wrote:
               | All 12,000 words. Kept expecting it to take a turn toward
               | something beyond pre-judgment and insinuation. Instead it
               | unfolded as a cautionary tale, of the power of a
               | premature conclusion to close an investigator's mind to
               | reasonable alternative possibilities. About escalating
               | commitment to an early hunch, even as it leads you down
               | an investigative dead end.
               | 
               | For example it sure seems like his mountain of
               | circumstantial evidence fits better with the theory that
               | "Satoshi" could be a pen name for a small group of people
               | --maybe even the small group whose history he traces and
               | whose styles he has trouble teasing apart--rather than
               | one "suspect" (as he calls it). But we don't even really
               | weigh that possibility seriously.
               | 
               | So, like--why are we coming at this one guy by name and
               | spooky hacker photo in the New York Times, with the
               | suggestion that he has $110 billion under his mattress?
               | All these speculations and arguments have been done over
               | and over--what does this reporting add that's worth
               | 12,000 words?
               | 
               | The colorful journey down a dead end, fine--but leave it
               | at "My Quest," don't do the weasel subhed "the trail of
               | clues [...] led to Adam Back" to insinuate that it proved
               | what it set out to prove. Or even added anything
               | significant to the well-trodden record.
        
           | DeliciousSeaCow wrote:
           | It's weird they spent so much time on the written word
           | similarities, when the biggest reveal here is that Back
           | disappears off the email lists (on a topic he is VERY
           | interested in and has historically corresponded on) when
           | Nakamoto appears, and then comes back when Nakamoto
           | disappears.
        
             | sho_hn wrote:
             | Befitting a writer, though.
        
           | refulgentis wrote:
           | That's the weak evidence. Nobody cares that they both like
           | open source and freedom, half the cypherpunks list fits that.
           | 
           | The parts worth engaging with: Back described a system
           | combining Hashcash and b-money with inflation adjustment and
           | public timestamping on the cypherpunks list between
           | 1997-1999. That's basically Bitcoin's architecture, a decade
           | early. He was one of the most prolific digital cash posters
           | for years, went silent when Satoshi appeared, came back when
           | Satoshi left. And this person who independently arrived at
           | the same technical design also independently landed on the
           | same Napster vs Gnutella analogy, the same celebrity email
           | filtering idea, and the same FDR gold ban trivia.
           | 
           | Any one of these is a coincidence. At some point you have to
           | ask how many you need before the simpler explanation wins.
        
             | bobbiechen wrote:
             | This article is a great example of "strong + weak = weak".
             | 
             | I only made it to the interesting stuff because of
             | Carreyou's name, otherwise I would have stopped.
             | 
             | The email timing and lack of email metadata were also
             | strong, in my opinion. But all of this nonsense like "Wow,
             | these guys both talk about PGP??" distracts from it.
        
             | vidarh wrote:
             | All of those similarities can be explained by Satoshi
             | having read what Back wrote.
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | You need someone who read Back's obscure 1997-1999
               | cypherpunks posts about combining Hashcash and b-money,
               | implemented exactly that system a decade later,
               | independently came up with the same non-technical
               | analogies and trivia, wrote with the same hyphenation
               | errors, and then happened to be active during the exact
               | window Back went silent. The more you flesh out the
               | "someone who read Back" profile, the more it just sounds
               | like Back.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | Someone who has read his material would be likely to
               | _repeat_ the same analogies and trivia.
               | 
               | As for the hyphen errors, they are common for people for
               | whom English is their second language. I commit hyphen
               | errors similar to what is described _all the time_
               | because English hyphenation makes absolutely no sense. In
               | fact, reading the list of examples, the mistakes listed
               | makes more sense to me than the correct way of writing
               | those.
               | 
               | I _also_ switch back and forth on a lot of the phrases
               | the article mentions.
               | 
               | I _also_ switch back and forth between US and UK
               | spelling, because I learned UK spelling at school, but
               | was far more exposed to US spelling in practice.
               | 
               | This seems to me to be exceedingly weak.
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | At some point "Satoshi was a devoted reader of obscure
               | 1997 Adam Back mailing list posts who shares his
               | hyphenation errors, his Napster vs Gnutella analogy, his
               | celebrity email filtering idea, his FDR gold ban
               | interest, his 'burning the money' metaphor, his 'Achilles
               | heel' description of DigiCash, his 'better with code than
               | words' self-assessment, his energy-vs-banking defense,
               | his British spellings mixed with American ones, his
               | double-spacing habit, his it's/its confusion, his
               | sentence-final 'also' tic, his 'proof-of-work'
               | hyphenation, his WebMoney references, and who went active
               | the exact week Back went silent" is just a longer way of
               | saying it's Adam Back.
               | 
               | I'm not sure I agree with that, but it's what I came up
               | with after challenging myself to read the article in toto
               | again and note 1 by 1.
               | 
               | It's clear it's beyond a couple tics everyone has, and
               | when you combine that with the starting set being ~500
               | instead of "all 8 billion people on earth", well, it's
               | worth mentioning.
        
               | grog454 wrote:
               | Where does your 500 come from? Why can't Satoshi be
               | someone who simply had no deanonymized online presence?
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | It's been extremely widely known that whoever created
             | Bitcoin had a strong interest in Hashcash, and perhaps
             | created that or worked on it, for years and years. If
             | that's the only smoking gun, why didn't we identify Satoshi
             | long ago?
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | You're right, "interested in Hashcash" describes dozens
               | of people, and has been a known Satoshi filter for years.
               | 
               | The new claim is more specific: between 1997-1999, Back
               | proposed combining Hashcash with b-money, adding
               | inflation adjustment via increasing computational
               | difficulty, and using hash trees for public timestamping.
               | 
               | That's most of Bitcoin's architecture in one package, a
               | decade early.
               | 
               | The number of people who proposed that particular
               | combination of ideas is much smaller than the number who
               | were merely interested in Hashcash.
        
               | backscratches wrote:
               | In every parallel universe where a different person
               | invents bitcoin, every single one is familiar with becks
               | ideas from a decade earlier.
        
             | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
             | I remember having conversations with my brother about
             | Hashcash at the time. There were plenty of nerds that
             | followed that mailing list that had similar technical and
             | political ideas, so I think you'd find a high number of
             | coincidences within an audience that I'd guess was a small
             | multiple of the number of people active on the cypherpunks
             | list. There definitely were a lot of people at my brother's
             | college discussing the same ideas.
             | 
             | FWIW my brother did his own bit of Satoshi hunting with
             | coworkers at his hedge fund. They didn't come to a strong
             | answer but my brother believed Nick Szabo was probably part
             | of a group that helped edit the paper. He suspected Hal
             | Finney was involved similarly at a minimum.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | I use "dang" as a nod to Gary Larson.
        
           | emmelaich wrote:
           | Yep, As fans of Larson's The Far Side, probably every
           | American and Americo-phile computer geek and cypherpunk used
           | 'dang'
           | 
           | Same goes for the rest of your list.
        
           | adastra22 wrote:
           | TIL I am Satoshi.
        
         | discmonkey wrote:
         | I got about two sentences further, it turns out another smoking
         | gun is Mr. Back using c++ in his graduate studies, just like
         | the original bitcoin implementation.
        
           | vidarh wrote:
           | Yeah, based on the list of interests, I guess I've been
           | Satoshi all this time and didn't know it. A shame my memory
           | must have been wiped as I'd quite like all of those bitcoins.
        
         | NelsonMinar wrote:
         | I quit here too. This article is an embarrassment that should
         | never have passed the editorial process.
        
         | danso wrote:
         | I don't blame you for this initial reaction, which would have
         | been mine too had I not known who the author was. I don't mean
         | that I automatically trust anything published by the reporter
         | who busted Theranos (and won two Pulitzers for _other_ major
         | investigations). But I do mean that if John Carreyrou and his
         | editors decided to publish something this long, that means they
         | (and they 're lawyers) are willing to die on this hill, no
         | matter how meandering the first paragraphs of his 1st-person
         | narrative.
         | 
         | Since the story doesn't end with: "And then Adam Back bowed his
         | head and said, 'You have found me, Satoshi'", I'm guessing they
         | preferred to go for the softer "how we did this story" first-
         | person narrative. There is no explicit smoking gun, like an
         | official document or eyewitness who asserts Satoshi's identity.
         | But the circumstantial and technical evidence is quite
         | thorough, to the point where the most likeliest conclusions
         | are:
         | 
         | 1. Adam Back is Satoshi
         | 
         | 2. Satoshi is someone who is either a close friend or frenemy
         | of Back, and deliberately chose to leave a obfuscated trail
         | that correlates with Back's persona and personal timeline.
        
           | trgn wrote:
           | wrt (2) that is if satoshi had the foresight btc would ever
           | blow up in the way it did. obviously, he had some intuition,
           | remaining anonymous, but deliberately creating a fake trail
           | does not seem super plausible to me
        
         | icelancer wrote:
         | All of us "olds" had this as a hobby. Or used it regularly.
         | 
         | Just a bunch of weird stuff in this article.
        
       | vintermann wrote:
       | You can't sell books or articles from saying something that's
       | been said before, but Nick Szabo remains the best Satoshi
       | candidate by a mile.
       | 
       | He had developed the system closest to Bitcoin, he was actively
       | seeking collaborators to turn his system into a practical
       | offering briefly before Bitcoin was released, and he was the only
       | cipherpunk who conspicuously said very little when the system
       | he'd been trying to realize for a decade suddenly appeared.
       | Satoshi credited all his inspirations except for the most obvious
       | one, Szabo's. No one in the cipherpunks mailing list thought any
       | of this was odd, probably because it was obvious to them who
       | Satoshi was.
       | 
       | In contrast to a certain convicted Australian fraudster who got
       | caught trying to backdate his statements, Szabo got caught trying
       | to _front_ -date them. His politics are a match to Satoshi (tbf.
       | true of all the cipherpunks), his coding style matches Satoshi,
       | his writing style matches Satoshi if you disable the British
       | English spellchecker. For good measure his initials match
       | Satoshi.
       | 
       | I view articles like these as a good test of which investigative
       | journalists are hacks indifferent to the truth - except for that
       | Wired guy, who I think knows better but thinks it's righteous to
       | lie a little to protect Satoshi's anonymity.
        
         | triage8004 wrote:
         | Szabo is definitely top 3 candidates or on team
        
         | chistev wrote:
         | > In contrast to a certain convicted Australian fraudster who
         | got caught trying to backdate his statements,
         | 
         | Who?
        
           | greazy wrote:
           | This embarrassing wanker
           | 
           | https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-03-28/craig-wright-not-
           | sato...
        
         | dist-epoch wrote:
         | Nick Szabo doesn't know how to program enough to deliver the
         | original bitcoin source code.
        
           | vintermann wrote:
           | We know he - Szabo, whether Satoshi or not - asked for help
           | in realizing something a lot like Bitcoin, a short time
           | before Bitcoin appeared. I don't rule out that he could have
           | had some help with the coding.
           | 
           | But I've also not seen anything suggesting he wasn't good
           | enough of a coder to make it himself. He has a bachelor's
           | degree in computer science.
        
           | tim333 wrote:
           | He probably worked with Finney who helped out.
        
         | reducesuffering wrote:
         | Exactly my thoughts down to the indictment of the thought
         | process of a top investigative journalist. The amount of tunnel
         | vision here, that dismisses Szabo based on a tweet of wanting
         | to understand developments in core 10 years later? In all this
         | writing, there's not a hint of investigation into every damning
         | link to Szabo, including the IP leak which was simply dismissed
         | as "dead end". Carreyrou is flying across the world to finally
         | get a weak slip in speech he thinks finally implicates Back,
         | meanwhile Szabo already slipped up in speech years ago for
         | anyone to find.
         | 
         | Incredible gell-mann reminder for reporting...
        
         | danso wrote:
         | > _No one in the cipherpunks mailing list thought any of this
         | was odd, probably because it was obvious to them who Satoshi
         | was._
         | 
         | If dozens of people affiliated on a mailing list knew that
         | Sbazo was Satoshi is a decade ago, would't his identity be
         | treated as an open secret by now?
        
           | tim333 wrote:
           | I think a lot of people in the know assume it's Szabo but are
           | happy to let the waters be muddy to give some privacy.
        
       | donkeylazy456 wrote:
       | another pointless debate. who cares who satoshi is. only TV and
       | magazines.
        
         | jmkni wrote:
         | Who doesn't like a good mystery?
        
           | themafia wrote:
           | I don't. It's a tool used by modern "journalism" to distract
           | and detract from a story. If you have something reliable to
           | report, then by all means, report it. If all you have is a
           | "compelling narrative" then put it on the shelf and do NOT
           | waste my time with it.
           | 
           | If you can't manage that then publish fiction books.
        
             | ghost-of-dmr wrote:
             | You already wasted your time bringing yourself into the
             | conversation.
        
               | themafia wrote:
               | Why? You've expressed no more meaningful of a position
               | than I have. Perhaps you're confused as to the purpose of
               | a "forum?"
        
           | donkeylazy456 wrote:
           | I like good mysteries too but satoshi mystery articles come
           | out with same thing everytime.
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | Non-paywall: https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/08/business/bitcoin-
       | satoshi-...
        
       | triage8004 wrote:
       | Hal Finney
        
       | chistev wrote:
       | If Satoshi is still alive (I believe it's a single guy), then
       | it's incredible the amount of self-control he has to not reveal
       | his identity after all these years. Not needing the wealth or the
       | fame and ego-stroking that comes with being behind such a
       | revolutionary technology is enviable.
       | 
       | Not many people are like that.
       | 
       | If he is still alive and just moved on to other things as he
       | said, I can't applaud that kind of personality enough.
        
         | cucumber3732842 wrote:
         | If I were Satoshi I'd keep my head down. I wouldn't want my
         | life f-d up by outing myself.
         | 
         | Think about the kind of world view you need to have to decide
         | to dedicate the necessary time to develop a system for
         | transacting outside of approved channels. Dude's probably
         | worried about polonium finding its way into his tea or
         | whatever.
         | 
         | Assuming he is even an individual.
        
           | chistev wrote:
           | What would killing him achieve? The Bitcoin technology is out
           | of his control.
        
             | cucumber3732842 wrote:
             | You probably won't get killed, but of course you might by
             | someone looking to make a point, in any case your life is
             | gonna get turned upside down, various interests are going
             | to want you to do things for them, people will want to hire
             | you to say things or confer them legitimacy, people will
             | want you to opine on things, etc.
             | 
             | If you're in a nice enough place to dedicate the time to a
             | project like Bitcoin is that something you really need? If
             | you have sufficient frame of mind to develop Bitcoin that's
             | probably not something you want in the first place.
        
               | chistev wrote:
               | Good point
        
             | CamperBob2 wrote:
             | "Hit him with this $5 wrench until he tells us his
             | passphrase." Which he has likely forgotten or lost.
        
         | GJim wrote:
         | > Not needing the wealth or the fame and ego-stroking that
         | comes with being behind such a revolutionary technology is
         | enviable.
         | 
         | I can only assume you haven't met very many engineers!
        
           | chistev wrote:
           | I haven't.
        
             | ghost-of-dmr wrote:
             | Plenty of them on HN.
        
           | bcjdjsndon wrote:
           | I've met plenty of engineers with egos
        
         | alchemist1e9 wrote:
         | What if he is already very wealthy and very famous ... and
         | knows there is no upside for Bitcoin if they disclose it.
        
           | chistev wrote:
           | Wealthy people are notorious for having a ravenous desire for
           | more wealth... It's often the mindset that made them wealthy
           | in the first place - unless they inherited it, and even then.
        
           | eddiewithzato wrote:
           | Like a certain Adam Back
        
             | alchemist1e9 wrote:
             | Or Jack Dorsey.
             | 
             | https://x.com/financeguy74/status/1890850549035110558
             | 
             | https://x.com/matthew_sigel/status/1891852538376487327
        
         | cameldrv wrote:
         | One factor is that it's known that he controls the wallet with
         | many billions of dollars in it. That would make him a target
         | for kidnapping/extortion/etc. He could have easily kept mining
         | under a different address though and become very wealthy aside
         | from the main wallet.
        
       | manarth wrote:
       | https://archive.is/iRBng
        
         | nickvec wrote:
         | thank you!
        
       | instagraham wrote:
       | I don't think this reveals Satoshi's identity, nor that any prior
       | piece of reporting may have done so. But I do think there's a
       | high probability that Satoshi lurks or has lurked on HN, and
       | perhaps reads these posts with an initial sense of apprehension
       | followed by a chuckle at the inevitable misidentification.
        
         | szmarczak wrote:
         | > misidentification
         | 
         | We don't know if that's misidentification either. The author
         | provides good evidence that the writing style matches, which
         | doesn't provide a strong proof, however it's a good clue of who
         | might it be.
        
       | gertop wrote:
       | I'm surprised that this is the best NYT investigative journalism
       | could do. It's well written and comprehensive, but it also
       | contains no new information.
       | 
       | And I truly mean it, all the proofs listed here are so well known
       | that you're likely to learn just as much by watching one of the
       | hundreds of "Adam is Satoshi!!1" YouTube videos.
       | 
       | Given the title (a quest!) I would have expected some personal
       | findings to be added to the shared narrative, not just rehash of
       | the first 2 pages of a Google search.
        
       | hnsdev wrote:
       | Particularly I believe that Satoshi Nakamoto is a nation-state
       | who created Bitcoin to bypass sanctions. Simple as that.
        
         | exabrial wrote:
         | I've subscribed to the nation-state theory as well, but
         | intentions unknown.
        
         | Jackpillar wrote:
         | It was the CIA and anyone who aren't starry eyed tech dorks has
         | known this forever
        
           | Aboutplants wrote:
           | Occam's razor in this case is most likely true
        
             | hatthew wrote:
             | Isn't occam's razor that he's just some guy who doesn't
             | like being famous
        
           | newsclues wrote:
           | The skills would be at the NSA for this project
        
         | NelsonMinar wrote:
         | I tend to think this, too. Or rather a small group of
         | cryptographers working for a nation-state. It's the only way to
         | make sense of the fact that Satoshi is enormously wealthy. I
         | don't think any individual could sit on this kind of wealth and
         | not cash out visibly.
        
           | arcxi wrote:
           | Satoshi may also be unable to cash out simply because they
           | are dead.
        
           | arctic-true wrote:
           | I tend to agree, but for the sake of argument: it's possible
           | that he's such a true believer that he'd see cashing out as a
           | betrayal. Alternatively, he might understand that cashing out
           | would significantly aid the (clearly large number of) people
           | engaged in unmasking him. Further, he may simply realize that
           | liquidating holdings of his size would drastically alter the
           | market in ways that could end with the whole thing coming
           | apart.
        
           | empath75 wrote:
           | Keep in mind that he could not have cashed out his tokens in
           | the early days without destroying the whole project and by
           | the time btc was valuable and liquid enough for him to sell,
           | he would have already been wealthy from blockstream (if this
           | is really him) and wouldn't need the money. What would he do
           | with it? buy gold, real estate, tbills? What asset would he
           | ever put the money into that he would think is better than
           | bitcoin?
        
       | lancewiggs wrote:
       | I like it. In particular the descriptions of how he reacted when
       | confronted. The public key anecdote is a red herring - there is
       | far more convincing evidence in the article.
        
       | jmkni wrote:
       | I can't get past the fact that Hal Finney lived around the corner
       | from someone called " Dorian Satoshi Nakamoto"
       | 
       | I know coincidences happen but that's one hell of a coincidence
        
         | DeliciousSeaCow wrote:
         | Given Back and Finney's close-ish relationship, that same fact
         | could have permeated to Back, and would be a further reason for
         | him to use the name. That said, it's all pure speculation so
         | :shrug:?.
        
         | IncreasePosts wrote:
         | Is it a coincidence? Or is it really bad opsec from someone who
         | was otherwise pretty good at it? Or was it really good opsec
         | and someone wanted to plant little clues that it was finney?
        
         | levocardia wrote:
         | Yeah this one seems absolutely insane, how many Satoshi
         | Nakamotos are there in the world? It's very plausible to see
         | the name on a mailbox (or meet the person) and think "that'd be
         | a cool handle." And it's so wildly improbable that _someone
         | else_ would make up exactly the name of a neighbor of one of a
         | small clique of obscure internet cypherpunks. It 's not like
         | the name was "John Smith" or anything.
         | 
         | But I don't know how to square that with the "Finney was
         | running a marathon while satoshi sent emails" claim.
        
       | raphlinus wrote:
       | I found this article about as compelling as all the other
       | attempts at identifying him. Half of the cypherpunks (I was
       | pretty active) had the same set of interests in public key
       | cryptography, libertarianism, anonymity, criticism of copyright,
       | and predecessor systems like Chaum's ecash; we talked about those
       | in virtually every meeting.
       | 
       | The most compelling evidence is Adam Back's body language, as
       | subjectively observed by a reporter who is clearly in love with
       | his own story. The stylometry also struck me as a form of
       | p-hacking--keep re-rolling the methodology until you get the
       | answer you want.
       | 
       | It's entirely possible Adam is Satoshi, but in my opinion this
       | article moves us no closer to knowing whether that's true or not.
       | He's been on everybody's top 5 list for years, and this article
       | provides no actual evidence that hasn't been seen before.
        
         | lumirth wrote:
         | What struck me in particular was the fact the reporter noticed
         | that Back had theorized how to evade stylometry. Obviously, if
         | one of the people in question had specifically come up with
         | ways to evade methods, you'd want to re-roll those methods to
         | account for that.
         | 
         | That, alongside a number of other tidbits (Back's activity and
         | inactivity patterns lining up with Satoshi's appearance and
         | disappearance, his refusal to provide email metadata, his
         | financial incentive to hide his identity as Satoshi under US
         | securities law) makes the case a lot more meaningful than just
         | "likely p-hacking."
        
           | Lerc wrote:
           | > _his financial incentive to hide his identity as Satoshi
           | under US securities law_
           | 
           | I don't think you can attribute this to financial incentive.
           | The actual Satoshi could forfeit 90% of their BTC and still
           | have more than they could know what to do with.
           | 
           | At those kinds of levels I can see personal security being a
           | higher consideration.
           | 
           | Either way it would give no indication who might be Satoshi
           | because all candidates would have a similar incentive if they
           | were Satoshi, and you are measuring the absence of
           | information.
        
             | philistine wrote:
             | why does everybody assume that whoever is Satoshi still has
             | access to their wallet? It's absolutely possible whoever is
             | Satoshi has simply lost the key.
             | 
             | We're talking new technology where you're running fast and
             | loose. It's absolutely possible, and I'd say a big reason
             | why someone would not want to admit to being Satoshi.
             | 
             |  _I 'm Satoshi, but I also lost billions because I messed
             | up a Debian upgrade_.
        
               | CTDOCodebases wrote:
               | Or what if Satoshi deliberately destroyed their key?
               | 
               | The motivations behind Bitcoin were clear.
               | 
               | All the wealthy people I know don't really do it for the
               | money. The money is the gauge or the metric they use to
               | judge how well they are playing the game but what
               | motivates them is the love of the game and their sense of
               | purpose.
               | 
               | If someone was to truly believe that Bitcoin was going to
               | be a gold/USD/Eurodollar/swift etc. replacement then
               | their metric of success isn't money if they got in early.
        
               | prawn wrote:
               | Further, no one would believe them, and they'd still
               | endlessly be a target for criminals. No benefit to
               | revealing any information beyond mild dismissals, IMO.
        
               | ctippett wrote:
               | I commented elsewhere in this thread theorising that
               | Satoshi could be the work of both Finney and Back. If
               | that has any basis in reality, then it stands to reason
               | that perhaps the wallet is locked away in a trust or at
               | least legally unobtainable until certain conditions are
               | met (e.g. Adam Back's passing). I can imagine a scenario
               | in the future where a law firm makes a press release
               | confirming they're in possession of Satoshi's wallet and
               | have been instructed to liquidate and donate its
               | proceeds.
        
             | pdntspa wrote:
             | For that wealth to mean anything he has to withdraw from
             | it, and wouldn't that produce a paper trail?
             | 
             | Apologies if its mentioned in TFA, I only got halfway
             | through it... the author's self-indulgence was getting to
             | be a bit much
        
           | yieldcrv wrote:
           | > What struck me in particular was the fact the reporter
           | noticed that Back had theorized how to evade stylometry.
           | 
           | there are automated tools for this now that students use
           | routinely so that their papers don't get flagged as AI
           | whether they wrote it or not
           | 
           | there would be lots of people that looked this up as it has
           | been discussed a lot on those same mailing lists before being
           | so commonplace
        
           | eddiewithzato wrote:
           | Also Back's response on X was very telling
        
         | apeace wrote:
         | The body language thing really bothers me.
         | 
         | Personally, if someone accuses me of lying, but I am actually
         | telling the truth, I immediately start acting like a liar. It's
         | really embarrassing and hard to explain. I can't believe such a
         | seasoned reporter is leaning so hard on "his face went red."
        
           | SunshineTheCat wrote:
           | Yea pretty similar idea to a polygraph test which for years
           | was called a "lie detector."
           | 
           | In reality, they measure a bunch of things that may indicate
           | lying, but they are just as likely to indicate that a person
           | is nervous or reacting to the fact they're being tested at
           | all.
           | 
           | They're typically inadmissible in court these days, however,
           | there is still a pretty solid amount of blind trust in their
           | results.
           | 
           | That part of the article gives a similar "lie detecting"
           | hypothesis, just without the machine.
        
           | vidarh wrote:
           | In fact, we are _incredibly bad_ at telling lies from the
           | body language of people we don 't know well. Pretty much all
           | the "well known" tells are sheer and utter bullshit that at
           | best tells you if a person is _stressed_. That may or may not
           | mean they are lying, but unless you know that person well
           | enough to know if they have specific tells that correlates
           | with lying _for them_ , your odds are poor.
        
           | windowliker wrote:
           | What's also worth noting is that they were not alone in the
           | room, talking privately. Everything being said could
           | presumably be heard by Back's business associates as well.
           | Some of the questions could well be enough to cause
           | embarrassment or unease on that account.
        
           | ufmace wrote:
           | It did make me think - if he seems nervous under this
           | questioning, it could be because he's actually Satoshi. Or it
           | could also be because he's thinking something like, oh god,
           | if this jerkoff convinces a bunch of people I'm actually
           | Satoshi, all of the businesses I've worked so hard to found
           | will collapse, I might be convicted of crimes around lying
           | about it while founding these businesses, I might get
           | targeted by any number of criminal gangs or even nation-
           | states who will do all kinds of torture to me and my loved
           | ones and will never believe that I'm not actually Satoshi and
           | don't really have a secret stash of a bazillion Bitcoins.
           | 
           | Naturally, this journalist doesn't seem to care much about
           | any of that, or that it wouldn't really change anything at
           | this point besides making the life of whoever it actually is
           | hell.
        
           | jasonwatkinspdx wrote:
           | Just a shot in the dark but any chance you grew up in an
           | intensely religious household?
           | 
           | I grew up evangelical and I've noticed this tendency in
           | myself, and saw the connection to how the authorities at my
           | school or church basically demanded dishonest performances or
           | apologies under threat of physical punishment. Several
           | friends over the years have said roughly the same, so I have
           | an armchair theory this is pretty prevalent for that sort of
           | childhood.
        
         | archagon wrote:
         | Same set of interests? Clearly Raph is Satoshi.
        
           | archagon wrote:
           | (Sorry, this was a joke, not a snipe.)
        
         | empath75 wrote:
         | I actually think the most compelling evidence is the fact that
         | he was one of the first people to get rich from it, which also
         | explains why he never had to touch his vault of coins.
        
       | n0um3n4 wrote:
       | Len Sassaman with contributions from others through time. We
       | already know that.
        
       | djao wrote:
       | The refusal to provide email metadata is the most damning
       | evidence. Adam Back clearly has the emails; he is the one who
       | provided them in the first place during the previous court case.
       | Everyone knows he has the emails. If Adam Back and Satoshi are
       | two different people, the metadata should be exculpatory, and
       | easy to share. There's literally no reason whatsoever to hide the
       | metadata unless he is the one.
       | 
       | In a court of law, self-disclosure of inculpatory information
       | cannot be compelled, so this analysis does not pass muster in a
       | court of law. The court of public opinion, however, is quite
       | different.
        
         | ShowalkKama wrote:
         | >There's literally no reason whatsoever to hide the metadata
         | unless he is the one.
         | 
         | privacy?
        
           | neffy wrote:
           | Time? He's busy starting a company, taking the time to drag
           | out decade old emails and digging out the meta data for a
           | journalist who is borderline stalking (assuming he even has
           | them somewhere). I wouldn't give that the time of day either.
        
           | djao wrote:
           | If privacy were such a big concern, then why did he release
           | the messages (without metadata) in the first place? Wouldn't
           | it be more appropriate to keep the messages completely
           | private?
        
         | ianferrel wrote:
         | The thing is, most of the people heavily involved in early
         | Bitcoin are fairly characterized as cryptoanarchists, a group
         | strongly devoted to the principle of privacy and liberty
         | effected through technological means.
         | 
         | The refusal to provide personal communications metadata by such
         | a person is evidence of nothing but their steadfast commitment
         | to the philosophy that presented them with the opportunity to
         | be part of those email conversations in the first place.
        
           | CamperBob2 wrote:
           | Then again, if I weren't Satoshi, but people suspected that I
           | was, I'd be willing to do just about anything to prove that
           | it's not me. No one in their right mind would want that kind
           | of target on their back.
           | 
           | Satoshi is either dead, or he lost his keys and probably
           | wishes he were.
        
             | argsnd wrote:
             | Supposing it is Adam Back, and supposing he lost his keys,
             | he's still worth at least nine figures and is one of the
             | most influential figures in the field he's devoted his life
             | to. Why would he wish he was dead?
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | "Nine figures isn't cool. You know what's cool? _Eleven_
               | figures. "
               | 
               | That aside, I don't agree with the premise. Back might be
               | Satoshi, but there's nowhere near enough evidence in
               | Carreyrou's article to reach that conclusion. He should
               | have run it by some other veteran figures in the crypto
               | community, so they could point out how quotidian some of
               | the language and tropes being cited really are.
        
             | eddiewithzato wrote:
             | it's simply that Back has nothing to gain to claim to be
             | Satoshi. It would make bitcoin a lot more volatile. He even
             | said just now
             | 
             | > I also don't know who satoshi is, and i think it is good
             | for bitcoin that this is the case, as it helps bitcoin be
             | viewed a new asset class, the mathematically scarce digital
             | commodity.
             | 
             | That's as close to admitting it as you can get
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | Point being, he has a lot to lose if people think he IS
               | Satoshi.
               | 
               | I would be coughing up those email headers if I were him.
               | Or forging some, if necessary.
        
             | icelancer wrote:
             | Handing over email metadata, or whatever your interrogator
             | wants from you, will only cause them to shift the
             | goalposts, or find something they want to find in the
             | metadata even if it exonerates you.
             | 
             | There is no reason to cooperate with journalists with a
             | slant.
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | I tend to agree with you, to be honest. Seems fairly
               | clear that Carreyrou was going to conclude that Back is
               | Satoshi, come hell or high water.
               | 
               | Kind of a disappointing piece of work from the guy who
               | took down Theranos. His journalistic talents are _sorely_
               | needed elsewhere right now.
        
         | vzaliva wrote:
         | What would it show? If he logged in to Santoshi's email account
         | and sent an email to his personal account, the metadata would
         | be in order, and we would learn little from it.
        
           | djao wrote:
           | You have it backwards. The fact that he _doesn 't_ release
           | the metadata is interesting. If he had released the metadata,
           | it would be wholly uninteresting.
           | 
           | I don't think the emails exist. What was published in court
           | records, lacking metadata, could easily be forged. The
           | metadata is harder to forge. Not impossible, but harder,
           | especially long after the fact.
        
         | nullc wrote:
         | The author didn't make a serious effort to obtain the email
         | metadata. The email w/ metadata has previously been part of
         | litigation, -- if it indicated that Adam was Satoshi it would
         | have come up.
         | 
         | Adam has no reason to further fuck up Satoshi's privacy by
         | sharing private information. But I can get how people who see
         | no issue invading Adam's and Satoshi's privacy would have no
         | concept as to why someone wouldn't publish it.
        
       | leroy_masochist wrote:
       | Regardless of whether Carreyrou is right, Mr. Back's life has now
       | changed massively. The article points out that the market value
       | of Satoshi's wallet is north of $100bn. Time to invest in some
       | personal security.
        
         | sonofaplum wrote:
         | He was already the CEO of a billion dollar company and the
         | article describes him traveling with security.
        
           | nullc wrote:
           | Yet another example of how the article failed to do basic
           | research.
        
             | mikeyouse wrote:
             | Blockstream is mentioned multiple times, as is Back's
             | wealth;
             | 
             | > _It was the beginning of an era in which Mr. Back quickly
             | amassed influence and became a ring leader in the still
             | small Bitcoin community. To staff Blockstream, he poached
             | the top Bitcoin Core developers from their day jobs at
             | companies like Google and Mozilla, giving him tremendous
             | sway over the digital currency. He also became very
             | wealthy: Over the next dozen years, Blockstream and its
             | affiliates would raise $1 billion in funding and
             | Blockstream would reach a valuation of $3.2 billion._
        
         | ghywertelling wrote:
         | I haven't seen this question answered anywhere.
         | 
         | Why would anyone use bitcoin if the world's factory ie China
         | wants gold as payments?
         | 
         | Even pro Bitcoin people like Balaji and Lyn Alden haven't
         | answered this structural question. There exists market for what
         | counts as money. If that market (led by China) says we don't
         | accept Bitcoin, then these are just some random numbers.
        
           | arctic-true wrote:
           | China probably doesn't accept Dominican pesos, either, and
           | yet you'd be hard pressed to say that somebody with 100
           | billion Dominican pesos just has some random numbers. If you
           | can exchange something for another form of value, then it has
           | value. I think the trouble here is that there's just nobody
           | out there who would actually give you $100 billion worth of
           | value for this particular asset. At least not as a lump sum.
        
       | int32_64 wrote:
       | If you've ever seen Back's twitter you would know he's not
       | Satoshi. I'm still firmly in the Finney camp.
       | 
       | Every couple years one of these articles shows up focusing on one
       | of the core Satoshi suspects, at least do a Wei Dai one next
       | time.
        
         | Ancapistani wrote:
         | I'm also in the Finney camp.
         | 
         | The most important bit to me is that doing something like this
         | would be entirely in-line with his personality.
         | 
         | Also, I think he truly believed there was a good chance he'd
         | eventually be brought back. The most likely case in my mind is
         | that he died with the private keys in his head, and that we'll
         | never get confirmation.
        
         | mijoharas wrote:
         | So I just searched the article for Finney to see why it claimed
         | it wasn't him. It claims Satoshi was active after Finney had
         | died?
         | 
         | What's that about? I used to be of the opinion that it was
         | probably hal, but haven't paid too much attention. What's the
         | counter evidence here? And why do we disregard that?
        
           | int32_64 wrote:
           | Satoshi's email accounts were presumably hacked in 2014 and
           | the emails sent from them later were presumed fake because
           | they lacked PGP signatures.
        
           | cloche wrote:
           | Do you have a link for Satoshi's post after Hal had died?
        
             | rowanG077 wrote:
             | It's literally in TFA.
        
               | cloche wrote:
               | Thanks, admittedly, I hadn't read the article at the
               | time.
        
       | 4oo4 wrote:
       | Someone already found this years ago:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XfcvX0P1b5g
       | 
       | I haven't read the full article yet but I'm guessing they didn't
       | give credit, as the New York Times tends to do. Not definitive
       | but it's a very convincing case.
        
         | sambaumann wrote:
         | This video is linked in the article
        
       | sambaumann wrote:
       | This article is convincing, but ultimately still no true
       | evidence, it's all circumstantial.
       | 
       | After reading this, Back does seem like a pretty likely
       | candidate, but maybe you could run the same kind of investigation
       | on every other candidate and find similar matches. The filters
       | they used for the text analysis did seem pretty arbitrary to
       | match up with Back's language
        
       | meonkeys wrote:
       | fascinating. John Carreyrou is the guy who broke the Theranos
       | story!
       | 
       | But
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_Electric%3A_The_Bitcoin_...
       | is a bit more compelling. Satoshi is Adam Back _and_ Peter Todd.
        
       | stevenalowe wrote:
       | Why does it matter? Changes nothing except doxxing someone
        
         | blast wrote:
         | Humans are social animals, so any mystery about another person
         | is interesting, and wealth and fame multiply this.
        
       | armchairhacker wrote:
       | Why do journalists try to doxx innocent people, putting their
       | personal (and here actual) lives at risk? Bansky, Scott
       | Alexander...
       | 
       | Spend this effort investigating corruption.
        
         | lumirth wrote:
         | If you read the article there's an interesting bit where Mr.
         | Back has an active incentive to hide his identity as Satoshi:
         | US securities law, which requires disclosing things which'd be
         | material to investors. Like, for example, a stash of bitcoin
         | which if sold could crash the price of the thing.
         | 
         | And also, from my understanding, Back allegedly had some not-
         | insignificant ties or meetings with Epstein?
         | 
         | Point being, journalism like this is morally complex, and not
         | as simple as "doxxing innocent people." Of course, we are
         | biased, as hackers on a web forum, we naturally relate with
         | Satoshi, who was also a techie on a web forum.
        
         | HDThoreaun wrote:
         | Journalists job is to get clicks on their article.
        
         | creato wrote:
         | If this guy was still just a guy on a mailing list and
         | otherwise living a private life, this article would be
         | inappropriate to publish IMO.
         | 
         | However, he's a significant public figure in the Bitcoin world
         | (apparently). Still a gray area I guess but I don't think he's
         | off limits from this kind of scrutiny.
        
       | apeace wrote:
       | I have always thought Satoshi must be dead (as a couple of past
       | suspects are).
       | 
       | How could someone not want one hundred BILLION dollars? There is
       | no person alive who could resist that. I'm sorry, there's just
       | not.
       | 
       | To be fair, if Back was Satoshi, he would need to hide it so his
       | company can go public, or whatever. Because that way he might
       | make -- who knows! -- hundreds of millions of dollars?
       | 
       | Even if moving the coins crashed the Bitcoin price by 90%,
       | Satoshi would still be a billionaire. Generational wealth.
        
         | DeliciousSeaCow wrote:
         | Back has earned generational wealth already, and the wealthy
         | borrow (at rates lower than capital appreciations) against
         | capital to fund all their living. If I were Back, that's
         | exactly what I'd be doing to preserve anonymity.
        
           | browningstreet wrote:
           | The billionaires ruining the world right now are certainly
           | satisfied with their respective hauls.
        
         | lofaszvanitt wrote:
         | He (or the enterprise) could have ample bitcoin, on other
         | accounts... the main account is just bait for people.
        
       | bnjemian wrote:
       | It's funny because the author notes a prior attempt to uncover
       | Satoshi's identity and giving up because an implied lack of
       | technical depth.
       | 
       | I guess this time they were undaunted. Perhaps they received an
       | AI assist and felt validated by AI sycophancy.
       | 
       | Much of the technical evidence cited is weak (e.g. strong
       | knowledge of public-key cryptography, both used C++, etc.).
       | Still, the (somewhat lazy) forensic linguistics is interesting.
        
       | danso wrote:
       | Pretty compelling story. Not necessarily for its revelations, but
       | for the fact that John Carreyrou and the NYT decided to publish
       | it at all. If it were by anyone else, I would have stopped
       | reading after the first thousand words of meandering narrative,
       | but Carreyrou is staking his massive and impeccable investigative
       | journalistic reputation on this mountain of circumstantial
       | evidence and statistical analysis. Him torching his reputation
       | (especially with Elizabeth Holmes fighting hard for a
       | pardon/clemency!) would be as interesting as a story as actually
       | finding Satoshi's real identity.
       | 
       | The evidence is good. What was more interesting to me is the
       | section where he explains how he eliminated all the other
       | asserted and likely candidates. Since the story is already a very
       | long read, I imagine much of this section got left out. So some
       | of the reasons for eliminations are too brief to be convincing on
       | their own. For example:
       | 
       | > _What about other leading Satoshi suspects, I wondered? Were
       | there any who fit the Satoshi profile better than Mr. Back? A
       | 2015 article in this newspaper put forward the thesis that
       | Satoshi was Nick Szabo, an American computer scientist of
       | Hungarian descent who proposed a Bitcoin-like idea called "bit
       | gold" in 1998. Mr. Szabo remained at the top of many people's
       | lists until recently, but a heated debate that played out on X
       | about a proposed update to the Bitcoin Core software exposed his
       | ignorance of basic technical aspects of Bitcoin._
       | 
       |  _A 2015 article in this newspaper_ -- Decoding the Enigma of
       | Satoshi Nakamoto and the Birth of Bitcoin, by Nathaniel Popper
       | [0]
       | 
       |  _[Szabo] proposed a Bitcoin-like idea called "bit gold" in 1998_
       | -- Szabo 's post on his Blogger site [1]
       | 
       |  _but a heated debate that played out on X about a proposed
       | update to the Bitcoin Core software exposed his ignorance_ --
       | links to a Sept 29, 2025 tweet by Adam Back replying to Szabo,
       | who had tweeted:
       | 
       | > Good info thanks. Follow-up questions: (1) to what extent is
       | such an OP_RETURN-delete-switch feasible in practice? (I know it
       | is feasible in theory, but there are many details of core that I
       | am not familiar with). (2) has such a thing been seriously
       | proposed or pursued as part of Core's roadmap?
       | 
       |  _exposed [Szabo 's] ignorance of basic technical aspects of
       | Bitcoin_ -- links to another reply tweet by Back in October 2025
       | [3]:
       | 
       | > Nick, you're actually wrong because there is a unified weight
       | resource. eg byte undiscounted chain space reduces by 4 bytes
       | segwit discounted weight. no need for insults - people who are
       | rational here are just talking about technical and risk tradeoffs
       | like rational humans.
       | 
       | Szabo's tweet was: "Another coretard who thinks their followers
       | are mind-numbingly stupid."
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | Can someone explain why this relatively recent tweet fight is
       | convincing evidence that Szabo is too ignorant to have been
       | behind Bitcoin? I know he went silent for a bit when Bitcoin
       | first got big, but he hadn't revealed his ostensibly overwhelming
       | ignorance until a few months ago?
       | 
       | [0] https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/17/business/decoding-the-
       | eni...
       | 
       | [1] https://unenumerated.blogspot.com/2005/12/bit-gold.html
       | 
       | [2] https://x.com/adam3us/status/1972888761257415129
       | 
       | [3] https://x.com/adam3us/status/1981329274721149396
        
         | andy800 wrote:
         | > a heated debate ... exposed his ignorance
         | 
         | Didnt follow everything here, but wouldn't that make for a
         | perfect cover story? If you're Satoshi, and people are getting
         | close to verifying (or at least nominating you as "most likely
         | candidate"), what better way to throw people off than to engage
         | in a public conversation in which you (creatively) get all
         | kinds of technical details wrong and make yourself look too
         | ignorant or dumb to ever have been Satoshi?
        
           | thakoppno wrote:
           | There's no bottom to this line of reasoning, however.
           | 
           | One can always suppose the identified individual is a double,
           | triple, quadruple agent.
        
             | aftbit wrote:
             | What level do you play at?
             | 
             | One level higher than you.
        
             | Barrin92 wrote:
             | >One can always suppose the identified individual is a
             | double, triple, quadruple agent.
             | 
             | yes in general it's not good reasoning but given that in
             | this case we know that we're talking about someone who
             | tried to stay anonymous and comes out of the cypherpunk
             | culture we can pretty much assume that if they've been
             | interviewed they've denied it.
             | 
             | It's not like that accusation is random, it's that this is
             | what the real Nakamoto, whoever it is, would have said
        
           | idopmstuff wrote:
           | The funny thing is that the author uses your exact logic when
           | he finds evidence that goes against his hypothesis. He made
           | posts that asked questions about things that Satoshi
           | definitely would've known? Misdirection! Somebody else does
           | it? Strong evidence against them!
        
             | dmix wrote:
             | This is why I stopped reading these Bitcoin creator
             | stories. It's usually more about the journalist and their
             | 'process' than the story.
        
             | ufmace wrote:
             | The interesting thing to me is, it seems likely that
             | whichever individual or small group actually is Satoshi
             | must have planted at least a few misdirection false flags
             | like that at some point. But how in the world would you
             | ever tell which ones are that sort of misdirection and
             | which are real?
        
         | ozten wrote:
         | Does Carreyrou give reasons for eliminating Hal Finney from
         | being (part or all of) Satoshi?
        
           | sho_hn wrote:
           | Yes, he mentions he was photographed running a foot race
           | during a date and time Satoshi sent emails (of course that's
           | a bit weak).
        
             | ozten wrote:
             | Thank you!
             | 
             | Reasoning: They have the chops to create the world's first
             | system where consensus, scarcity, and ownership exist
             | without a central authority... But, they also lack the
             | ability to write a Perl script to "Send Later". Checks out.
        
               | atombender wrote:
               | Why would they believe that someone in the future would
               | be tracking their mailing list post history and
               | correlating email timestamps with real-life activity?
               | There's no motivation to take steps to hide one's tracks
               | (by setting up a remote email send while one is were
               | away) unless one thinks that is going to happen.
        
               | jeffgreco wrote:
               | As the article says, Back was very interested in methods
               | of covering one's tracks.
        
             | IncreasePosts wrote:
             | Anyone sophisticated enough to hide their writing style and
             | identity would be more than capable of setting an email to
             | go out while they were at a public event.
             | 
             | Likewise, the argument discounting szabo because he exposed
             | some ignorance of Bitcoin is exactly what someone might do
             | to throw off the scent.
        
           | cloche wrote:
           | If you believe that Satoshi's email wasn't hacked then his
           | last emails came after Finney had passed away.
        
           | ctippett wrote:
           | (part or all of)
           | 
           | Your aside suggests you might already have considered what
           | I'm about propose, but why not Finney and Back both as
           | Satoshi?
           | 
           | The reporting already establishes all three parties (Satoshi
           | being the third) were familiar/friendly with one another. The
           | reporting says that Finney was the recipient of the first
           | ever Bitcoin transaction, which seems like a completely
           | natural thing to do if the two of you are working together.
           | 
           | Finney's name also rises to the top in a few of the author's
           | analysis, while also noting:                 > "But his
           | analysis had been hampered by the fact that most of Mr.
           | Back's papers were coauthored with other cryptographers,
           | which made it difficult to know who really wrote them."
           | 
           | Again, why not both of them as Satoshi?
           | 
           | Hal Finney's passing also helps explain how such a monumental
           | secret of Satoshi's identity has remained a secret for so
           | long. The only other person who's in on the secret is Back
           | himself.
           | 
           | Edit: To add further conjecture, it wouldn't surprise me if
           | Satoshi's wallet is locked away in a trust or tied up with
           | Finney's estate. I can imagine a scenario where the keys to
           | the wallet are legally unobtainable until such time that both
           | Finney and Back have passed, at which point the wallet is
           | liquidated and its proceeds donated (Finney previously raised
           | money for ALS research).
        
         | madars wrote:
         | A major problem with the article is the author's inability to
         | weigh the evidence: actual evidence, like presence/absence
         | pattern, is buried whereas p-hacking stylometry (let me try
         | another expert, this one didn't give me what I wanted! let me
         | feed him the Satoshi/Adam Back tells that I'm already in love
         | with!) is majority of the article. It also includes absolute
         | garbage like the vistomail spoof email during the block size
         | wars. And, oh by the way, both Satoshi and Adam Back knew C++.
         | Theranos evidence was binary (machines either work or they
         | don't) but it is not so here and the author is simply out of
         | his depth here.
         | 
         | It is sad - but entirely unsurprising - that NYT decided to
         | paint a big target on someone's back just for clicks. Judith
         | Miller-tier all over again. Miller too had real evidence and
         | junk evidence, couldn't distinguish between the two, and
         | editors wanted a flashy headline. Carreyrou has exactly the
         | same problem here: NYT editors need multimedia events (like
         | junk stylometry filtering - watch the number shrink from 34,000
         | to 562 to 114 to 56 to 8 to 1!!!) because that's what its
         | audience-product relationship demands. I think it not unfair to
         | say that modern Times' editorial culture has no mechanism for
         | distinguishing rigorous inference from merely compelling
         | narrative. Open the front page on a random day: how often do
         | you see the Times staking credibility on a causal claim "A
         | causes B" vs simply "X happened. Then Y came." vibes/parataxis.
        
           | busterarm wrote:
           | I've had the fortune/misfortune to be directly or
           | peripherally involved in nearly a dozen situations that made
           | it to press and there isn't a single case where the story
           | represented in the article wasn't blatantly misinterpreted
           | from the facts. In nearly every case what was mentioned in
           | the article was the complete opposite of what actually
           | happened. Biggest/Most-egregious offenders were Vice and Vox
           | Media but included are the NYT, WaPo and Time.
           | 
           | One can only narrow the things they care about to those they
           | can verify (or personally affect them) and go after primary
           | sources themselves and form their own conclusions. I'm no
           | longer convinced that modern journalism is good for anything
           | more than starting bonfires.
        
         | dotancohen wrote:
         | > Pretty compelling story. Not necessarily for its revelations,
         | but for the fact that John Carreyrou and the NYT decided to
         | publish it at all.
         | 
         | When is the line crossed from journalism into doxxing? Whoever
         | created Bitcoin has a legitimate safety reason to stay
         | anonymous. Anyone suspected of holding that much wealth becomes
         | a target - as does their family.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | There is no such line. The actual line is whether someone is
           | newsworthy; the safeguard you have against journalism abusing
           | random people (which it has done, often, over the last 150
           | years) is that journalists ordinarily don't write intrusive
           | stories about random people.
           | 
           | (There are some other safeguards, but they're highly
           | situational.)
           | 
           | The conflict between journalism and "doxxing" is a Redditism
           | that people are frantically trying to import into real life.
           | Maybe Reddit norms will upend the longstanding norms (and
           | purpose) of journalism! But nobody should kid themselves that
           | the norms have always been compatible.
        
             | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
             | I agree, in that Journalism has always been an unethical
             | business masquerading as moral imperative.
             | 
             | But I think this "Redditism applied to real life" is
             | actually society grappling with the ethics of public safety
             | and social accountability in the 21st century. Is it okay
             | to dox a 16 year old Twitch streamer? Or a wealthy Satoshi?
             | Or a crypto-Nazi? Laws only define so much, and we
             | (society) have to fill in the gaps, which is messy. I think
             | we're figuring out where the line is in real time.
        
           | empath75 wrote:
           | I hate this idea that doxxing is some kind if crime. "Who is
           | the creator of bitcoin?" is a matter of great public and
           | historical interest. Finding out who he is, is the purest
           | form of journalism.
        
             | catcowcostume wrote:
             | Good point, personally I had never considered that doxing
             | could be considered _not_ illegal /crime.
        
               | shimon wrote:
               | At what point does the use of clues to uncover the
               | identity of a criminal cross the line from solid
               | detective work to doxing? /s
        
             | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
             | What does that say about pure journalism? Publish
             | information despite doing harm? How do you present the
             | information, and what impact does that presentation have?
             | 
             | Historically, newspapers often published the full name and
             | physical address of every person they covered, from judges
             | to drunks to rape victims to people suspected of a crime.
             | I'm sure people back in the day called that pure
             | journalism, but I don't think we'd call it "good" today.
             | Our standards today might also not be as good as we assume.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Historically, people got a big book every year with the
               | name and address of most people in it. You could get
               | unlisted numbers but now everyone has a cellphone which
               | just isn't broadly published but because now many use it
               | for everything it's probably not that hard to find.
               | 
               | Also, has others have noted it's trivial to put other a
               | list of wealthy people. In fact, it's probably better to
               | skip the Forbes 400 list who probably have some level of
               | private security. Just go through the board member lists
               | of Fortune 500 companies.
        
             | Lu2025 wrote:
             | Username doesn't check out.
        
             | bluecalm wrote:
             | Speculating about it using arguments like "he also uses C++
             | and has used words popular in those circles" isn't though
             | or at least shouldn't be.
             | 
             | "Hey this guy probably had an access to a few billion USD
             | worth of btc, maybe still has, his name is X, he lives in
             | Y. He wishes to be anonymous but he knows C++ and we got
             | him!".
        
           | FireBeyond wrote:
           | Except Satoshi has been "anonymous" and those Bitcoin have
           | never moved, even when the sum total of that wallet might
           | have been $10,000 or so.
           | 
           | And if Satoshi's holdings now exceed $1B, well, for better or
           | worse, multiple courts have ruled that billionaires are
           | inherently public figures, because of their "outsized effect
           | on public discourse".
        
             | lovecg wrote:
             | It would be hilarious if he intentionally or accidentally
             | lost the key, and has been trying to cash out through those
             | Bitcoin adjacent business ventures ever since.
        
             | bluecalm wrote:
             | Even if he is Satoshi he might not be a billionaire or rich
             | at all.
        
           | vintermann wrote:
           | Isn't it a matter of legitimate interest for me to know
           | whether you're obscenely rich or not? After all, if you are,
           | you can probably do things like buying elections and sending
           | hitmen after _my_ family.
           | 
           | Either way, why can't they just deal with it the way other
           | obscenely rich people deal with it?
        
         | busterarm wrote:
         | Impeccable? Carreyrou's articles and eventual book are built
         | largely off of the deep investigative work done by Dr. John P.
         | A. Ioannidis and Dr. Eleftherios P. Diamandis and a listserv
         | with thousands of participating doctors...who aren't mentioned
         | in the book once...Similarly-omitted are Softbank/Fortress and
         | their eventual patent-holding shell company Labrador
         | Diagnostics LLC...
        
         | adastra22 wrote:
         | > Can someone explain why this relatively recent tweet fight is
         | convincing evidence that Szabo is too ignorant to have been
         | behind Bitcoin?
         | 
         | I'm a primary player in this sad saga. I can tell you that
         | neither Szabo nor Back are Satoshi, as anyone who knows them
         | would attest.
         | 
         | But to your question, all this does is make this "journalist"
         | look dumb. The thing being discussed by Adam and Nick wasn't
         | wven proposed for bitcoin until 6 years after Satoshi
         | disappeared.
        
       | gridder wrote:
       | Barely Sociable already explained it 5 years ago:
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/XfcvX0P1b5g
        
         | dang wrote:
         | If people want rabbit holes
         | 
         | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que...
         | 
         | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&qu...
        
         | an0malous wrote:
         | tl;dw?
        
         | ex-aws-dude wrote:
         | The article literally mentions that in the beginning
        
       | talkfold wrote:
       | The guy who took down Theranos spent a year on hyphenation
       | patterns. Respect the commitment.
        
       | themafia wrote:
       | Every couple of years they convince some "intrepid" reporters to
       | go make up a story about /the/ creator of bitcoin.
       | 
       | Which I find highly suggestive about the true nature of the
       | creator(s) of bitcoin.
        
       | modeless wrote:
       | I don't believe anyone claiming that Satoshi is still alive.
       | There is zero chance any human who put so much effort into
       | creating something would remain silent while it became a $2
       | trillion phenomenon that succeeded beyond their wildest dreams.
       | Satoshi is certainly dead.
        
         | cbxyp wrote:
         | This is a ridiculous argument "zero chance" that completely
         | discounts the possibility (or in all likelyhood, probability)
         | that the creator may be compelled to stay silent, in jail, etc.
        
         | kleene_op wrote:
         | > There is zero chance any human who put so much effort into
         | creating something would remain silent while it became a $2
         | trillion phenomenon
         | 
         | I'd argue this is the best reason to remain silent as much as
         | one can.
        
         | Dove wrote:
         | I once became so famous that a community of several hundred
         | people knew and recognized my name for a few years. At the
         | time, it was very ego-flattering, and I was delighted to have
         | done something that had such a big and positive impact.
         | However, as an experience it really did not agree with me, and
         | even this very minor level of fame has left me resolved to
         | never, ever, ever become that famous again if I can help it.
         | 
         | I don't think I am unique in that. In fact, I perceive that it
         | is very normal for public figures, not merely to fade from
         | public attention, but to actively seek out seclusion.
         | 
         | While I'm not Satoshi, I would put the odds of someone in such
         | a position of maintaining radio silence far from "zero chance".
         | I would put it more around 70 or 80 percent. And at any rate,
         | it is certainly what I would do.
        
         | ploum wrote:
         | My theory is that Satoshi is a persona created by Adam Back and
         | Hal Finney.
         | 
         | They probably devised something where both needed to agree and
         | sign something for Satoshi to act. This also allowed them to
         | say "I'm not Satoshi Nakamoto".
         | 
         | They also probably ensured that anything that belongs to
         | Satoshi required both of them. The death of Hal Finney ensure
         | that Satoshi died definitely.
         | 
         | But they may have "killed" him before by burning the keys
         | because, when Bitcoin started to become a success, they
         | probably anticipated the need to "kill" satoshi (few remember
         | but Bitcoin passing 1$ was considered as a crazy bubble at the
         | time! Some become millionnaires and exited when BTC did the 30$
         | bubble. Satoshi's stack was already closely observed, bright
         | mind of that time would have anticipated the need to kill it).
         | Or it was just that "satoshi" was not needed or they
         | accidentaly deleted some keys.
        
           | vidarh wrote:
           | I'd like to think that if I'd come up with something like
           | this, I'd have quickly gone "oh shit" and realised it'd be
           | hard to access the earliest coins without raising unwanted
           | attention, and started mining with multiple different keys,
           | and actively moved those coins around. If Satoshi is still
           | around, I'd expect he has more than enough money without the
           | need to risk the upheaval touching those earliest keys would
           | cause.
        
           | jobs_throwaway wrote:
           | This may be the most convincing theory I've heard.
           | 
           | I don't believe any live human being has the wherewithal to
           | not use any of the $100B+ in the Satoshi wallets, which has
           | led me to believe it was Hal Finney. Back and Finney both
           | being in on it would explain some of the email timing as well
        
             | alchemist1e9 wrote:
             | What if Satoshi is already a billionaire?
        
         | AgentME wrote:
         | Adam Back is the well-off CEO of a company in the blockchain
         | space. From that position, he gets to continue to use his
         | expertise in the field with plenty of connections while having
         | more than enough money without needing to risk revealing
         | himself as Satoshi or risk de-stabilizing Bitcoin's value by
         | using Satoshi's known wallets. It seems like the best possible
         | outcome for someone in Satoshi's position.
         | 
         | I'll at least agree that I don't think any other living
         | candidates for Satoshi make any sense. I can't believe someone
         | who started a brand new influential field of study could fully
         | exit from it while fully avoiding the proceeds from it, as
         | would be necessary to believe in any other living candidate.
        
         | afavour wrote:
         | > would remain silent while it became a $2 trillion phenomenon
         | 
         | I can see how it might be preferable. Satoshi has an incredible
         | amount of wealth in a form that's very easy to transfer
         | anonymously. Anyone that admits to being him will be a huge
         | target.
        
         | sfink wrote:
         | If I were to invent something like bitcoin, I would use your
         | exact logic to decide to burn the keys. I couldn't trust
         | myself, so I would remove the possibility of agonizing over it.
         | Obviously, I still might feel regret, but I'd choose the
         | potential regret over the potential agony.
         | 
         | Hell, even if I didn't burn the keys initially, I might do it
         | as I observed it starting to take off. I'd be more attached to
         | the idea and its success than to the idea of being filthy rich
         | (and at risk of jail, extortion, and murder). It would feel
         | like a giant middle finger to the parts of the system I
         | disliked.
        
         | shawn_w wrote:
         | Maybe they're embarrassed to admit they lost the password for
         | their wallet.
        
       | 348asGaq7 wrote:
       | It would not surprise me. Adam Back seems to have good
       | connections to the deep state people, too. His company is merging
       | via a SPAC with a Cantor Fitzgerald (Lutnick owned) company.
       | 
       | Cantor Fitzgerald also handles the collateral for Tether, which
       | relocated from the Caribbean (where it was associated with a CIA
       | bank) to El Salvador.
       | 
       | Bitcoin is very handy for avoiding awkward Iran Contra schemes
       | for covert ops. You no longer need Lutnick's friend Epstein to
       | handle the laundering.
        
       | c83n2d8n39c9 wrote:
       | what if satoshi is not one person but a phenomenon, a group of
       | minds... the interesting thing about the technology is that it is
       | a public ledger and everything that goes along with that when you
       | tie it to the metadata trails across the networks people use it
       | on... ohh the implications
        
       | hardwaregeek wrote:
       | A fun counter factual: try "proving" that famous scientists are
       | their collaborators based on this methodology. Obviously Hardy
       | and Littlewood are the same person. They're both British
       | mathematicians who use analysis and number theory and have
       | similar sensibilities in politics and math.
        
         | refulgentis wrote:
         | The Hardy-Littlewood comparison cuts the other way. Two
         | collaborators in the same subfield sharing terminology is the
         | baseline, not evidence of anything. What makes the Back case
         | interesting is convergence on things that have nothing to do
         | with cryptography: the same Napster vs Gnutella analogy, the
         | same celebrity email filtering idea, the same obscure FDR gold
         | ban interest, the same weird hyphenation errors. Pick any two
         | cypherpunks at random and you won't find that kind of overlap
         | on non-technical quirks.
         | 
         | Then add the negative space. Back was one of the most prolific
         | voices on these lists for a decade, especially on digital cash.
         | Satoshi shows up, Back goes quiet. Satoshi leaves, Back comes
         | back. Hardy and Littlewood never had that problem.
        
           | kgeist wrote:
           | >the same Napster vs Gnutella analogy, the same celebrity
           | email filtering idea, the same obscure FDR gold ban interest,
           | the same weird hyphenation errors
           | 
           | Dunno it assumes their cypherpunk group must always discuss
           | strictly cryptography and never discuss anything else. It
           | could be just some off-topic ideas floating around in their
           | community.
           | 
           | For me, the only solid, damning evidence would be statistical
           | methods of text analysis like they do to prove authenticity
           | of a literary work.
        
           | jsnell wrote:
           | > Pick any two cypherpunks at random and you won't find that
           | kind of overlap on non-technical quirks.
           | 
           | That could be a valid methodology if you pre-registered the
           | list of quirks before doing the investigation.
           | 
           | But in this case the journalist clearly didn't do that, but
           | tweaked the set of quirks until they produced the desired
           | outcome.
        
       | Simulacra wrote:
       | Every time I see one of these articles about "unmasking"
       | Nakamoto, I always wonder the same thing: why? I don't really see
       | a compelling reason to unmask this person. Surely there are other
       | more important things a journalist can spend their time looking
       | into. It's the same with Banksy: why?
        
         | afavour wrote:
         | I agree about Banksy. But in this case Satoshi controls a huge
         | about of bitcoin. If, whoever they are, they did something with
         | it, it would absolutely move markets.
        
       | afpx wrote:
       | I always thought it was Argonne that built it. Interestingly it
       | seems that Adam Back did work with them. So maybe?
        
       | Lerc wrote:
       | I found this amusing.
       | 
       |  _> P.G.P., a free encryption program used by antinuclear
       | activists and human rights groups to shield their files and
       | emails from government surveillance._
       | 
       | I find it fascinating to see how the users of a program change,
       | based on how a reporter wants to build or diminish.
       | 
       | At least it's going in a positive direction today.
        
         | 6thbit wrote:
         | that's such a loaded statement.
        
           | chii wrote:
           | This is the power of language.
           | 
           | The bias is built into it.
        
         | torben-friis wrote:
         | >Water, a drink consumed by nobel price winners and European
         | kings...
        
           | Lerc wrote:
           | Oxygen, an element serial killers need in order to kill
           | again.
        
           | fny wrote:
           | Dihydrogen monoxide - a constituent of many known toxic
           | substances, diseases and disease-causing agents[0]
           | 
           | [0]: https://www.dhmo.org/
        
             | goodmythical wrote:
             | I was alway taught that Adolf Hitler was a prevalent user
             | of dihydrogen monoxide and refused to give it to his
             | captives.
        
             | dbt00 wrote:
             | thousands of people die every year from DHMO toxicity,
             | literal overdoses of DHMO, yet you can still find it in
             | baby food and breast milk.
        
             | wjessup wrote:
             | 100% of people who've ever had DHMO have died.
             | 
             | This is scientifically verified and yet nobody does
             | anything about it.
        
               | hcknwscommenter wrote:
               | I know this is a joke, but you did it wrong. There are
               | obviously people (like me) who have had DHMO and are not
               | dead.
               | 
               | 100% of the people who have died have been exposed to
               | DHMO.
        
               | Alive-in-2025 wrote:
               | You aren't fooling anyone, you know.
               | 
               | http://montypython.50webs.com/scripts/Holy_Grail/Scene2.h
               | tm
        
               | drdaeman wrote:
               | > and yet nobody does anything about it
               | 
               | So dismissive of all the transhumanist efforts to
               | eradicate death!
        
               | benlivengood wrote:
               | Truly, we can eliminate the null hypothesis because only
               | ~93% of humans who have ever lived have died. [0] [1]
               | 
               | [0] https://www.prb.org/news/how-many-people-have-ever-
               | lived-on-... [1] https://www.worldometers.info/world-
               | population/
        
               | Skidaddle wrote:
               | Over 90% of people who've ever had DHMO have died.
        
           | ssl-3 wrote:
           | Water? Like, from the toilet?
        
             | echelon wrote:
             | It's what plants crave.
             | 
             | (I needed to be able to post that to HN tonight.)
        
               | nytesky wrote:
               | Very on brand for our darkest timeline, if you excuse the
               | mixed media metaphor.
        
             | Topfi wrote:
             | Ah yes, the cautionary tale where the leadership is willing
             | to accept their own faults, seeks out the most competent to
             | solve their issue, despite initial reservations are willing
             | to go with the suggestions provided and a public that, upon
             | being provided evidence accepts it. Kinda hopeful, if one
             | thinks about it, the Eugenics nonsense notwithstanding...
        
         | ognarb wrote:
         | And nowadays, PGP technology is mostly used by the government
         | and military. I wouldn't be surprised if this was also the case
         | when Bitcoins was originally developed
        
           | firesteelrain wrote:
           | Never seen it. What parts? Do you mean PKI?
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | [Citation needed]
           | 
           | Seriously why would gov use pgp? They would be the last group
           | i would expect to use something like PGP.
        
         | jazz9k wrote:
         | "antinuclear activists and human rights groups to shield their
         | files and emails from government surveillance"
         | 
         | You mean the people responsible for not allowing us to embrace
         | Nuclear 30 years before we should have?
        
           | shimman wrote:
           | Yeah the weird thing about living in a democracy is you have
           | to convince people who don't agree with you to do things.
           | Maybe try better politics rather than attacks or else you'll
           | go another 30 years of no nuclear power then die without
           | realizing your dream of nearly free clean unlimited power.
        
             | pitaj wrote:
             | Nuclear restrictions were instituted by beurocratic means,
             | not democratic means.
        
               | toyg wrote:
               | It depends on the country. In many, there were actual
               | rounds of dedicated votes.
        
             | phil21 wrote:
             | It's 10x easier to destroy things and block stuff than it
             | is to build anything.
             | 
             | As witnessed by the US inability to build anything for a
             | generation or two. It's all NIMBY (or worse) all the time.
             | 
             | Anti-anything is fighting a nearly unwinnable asymmetric
             | political fight these days. Eventually times will get hard
             | enough where this flips, but we are nowhere close to that
             | yet.
        
             | chii wrote:
             | > people who don't agree with you to do things.
             | 
             | the problem is that those people who don't agree with me
             | are also not taking the externalized cost of non-action.
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | No - Zimmerman was an anti nuclear _weapons_ activist with
           | the Nuclear Freeze campaign when he invented PGP.
        
         | hbbio wrote:
         | > I would ping him over the Signal app
         | 
         | Signal, the free encryption app used by journalists
        
           | Topfi wrote:
           | Signal, an App predominantly used by governmental officials
           | to leak war plans or bypass historical recording obligations.
        
         | Theodores wrote:
         | PGP was different then. In the 90s the internet was unencrypted
         | and the only people using PGP were those that had a reasonable
         | need for it. However, there were a couple of big problems that
         | the armchair historian would not be aware of.
         | 
         | First off, communicating with PGP was hard. Imagine you are
         | based in London and you want to publish something controversial
         | without getting taken to court. You could email someone in New
         | York and ask them to post your 'hot potato of juiciness'. But,
         | how to you exchange keys without the beloved five eyes seeing
         | what you are up to?
         | 
         | This was in an era when very little was encrypted, so anything
         | encrypted would theoretically get flagged for the three letter
         | agencies to take a look at. Again, this would depend on the
         | person you are trying to reach, if they were working at the
         | equivalent of 'the Iranian embassy' then yeah, good luck with
         | that, you are going to get caught.
         | 
         | The next problem was that PGP was doable for the three letter
         | agencies using what amounts to WW2 Enigma tactics. In period it
         | was possible for them to man-in-the-middle attack an email, to
         | ask the PGP using sender to 'use the right key and resend'. The
         | sender does as told, even with the same, as provided, public
         | key. However, they just change their original message, maybe to
         | remove a typo, change the date or add a friendly note. Then the
         | three letter agency does a glorified 'diff' and they are
         | subsequently in on the chat.
         | 
         | PGP was originally treated as a 'munition' with export
         | controls. People weren't using PGP for their Uber Eats and
         | Amazon orders, as per the article, it was only anti-government
         | people that needed PGP, that being Western 'five eyes'
         | governments.
         | 
         | Hence, even though it is a tedious NYT article, the author is
         | right about PGP, in period. And, don't ask how I know about how
         | PGP was hacked, there was a certain fog of war that went on at
         | the time.
        
           | pgalvin wrote:
           | > However, they just change their original message, maybe to
           | remove a typo, change the date or add a friendly note. Then
           | the three letter agency does a glorified 'diff' and they are
           | subsequently in on the chat.
           | 
           | Could you expand on this please?
        
             | Theodores wrote:
             | You must be joking!
        
               | Dx5IQ wrote:
               | It is hard to imagine that "modern" encryption would be
               | susceptible to known plaintext attacks, please provide
               | some citations.
        
             | raisin_churn wrote:
             | They cannot because PGP has no such vulnerability.
        
           | vintermann wrote:
           | It was never trivial for TLAs to man-in-the-middle anyone,
           | because PGP users were very much aware of the problem and
           | nothing about key exchange was automated, for good or ill.
           | Key exchange parties, reading out key fingerprints in their
           | own custom extended phonetic alphabet etc.
           | 
           | A man in the middle attack would maybe work in rare cases, at
           | great cost, and then you'd get one or two messages and
           | immediately make people aware that they'd been attacked. It's
           | not worth it. I'm confident the TLAs never bothered to do it
           | against anyone with public keys on a key server, the minimum
           | effort you could make to guard against MITM attacks.
        
         | mikeyouse wrote:
         | I see your point, but PGP was literally invented by an anti-
         | nuclear activist and intentionally disseminated to human rights
         | groups.
        
           | jojobas wrote:
           | "Created" or "originally used" would be on point, 60 years
           | after the fact it is just slop.
        
             | julianz wrote:
             | 60? Not even 40.
        
         | mapmeld wrote:
         | This section stood out to me because it started out explaining
         | PGP to a layman like this, but then the author gets overly
         | excited that a cryptographer would be interested in... basic
         | cryptography
         | 
         | > I'd learned enough by then to know that P.G.P. relies on
         | public-key cryptography. So does Bitcoin. [...]
         | 
         | > How interesting, I thought, that Mr. Back's grad-school hobby
         | involved the same cryptographic technique that Satoshi had
         | repurposed.
        
           | qnleigh wrote:
           | We also have this gem:
           | 
           | > And Mr. Back's thesis project focused on C++ -- the same
           | programming language Satoshi used to code the first version
           | of the Bitcoin software.
           | 
           | Amazing! I bet they both for loops too! I heard Bitcoin
           | relies heavily on for loops.
           | 
           | Infuriatingly, to people who don't know much about
           | programming, these pieces of 'evidence' might sound quite
           | compelling, because it will all sound equally obscure to
           | them.
           | 
           | I'm only a quarter of the way through this piece, but I'm
           | finding it very hard to take seriously.
        
             | Topfi wrote:
             | The leaps here would get one laughed out of an early 2k
             | conspiracy forum.
        
             | mapmeld wrote:
             | It's strange. I'm sure that he talked to experts who would
             | immediately say, yes many programming languages exist. But
             | two cryptographers who wrote money systems both using C++
             | is not informative. Today maybe we could expect one to use
             | Rust.
        
           | Topfi wrote:
           | Bob uses electricity provided from a coal power plant,
           | therefore he must be able to design a Fission plant. Yeah,
           | these are some massive leaps, the question of why, beyond
           | morbid curiosity, one must dox Satoshi not withstanding.
           | Satoshi or the wallets they controlled were never associated
           | with anything beyond the creation of BTC after all, making
           | the value of knowing who they are or were not really great in
           | my view. If these coins suddenly started funding someone or
           | something, there could be an argument, but this coupled with
           | such a layperson approach makes me doubtful about the ethics
           | or approach.
        
       | coppsilgold wrote:
       | The author has collected more than enough entropy to single out
       | Mr. Back, especially when the anonymity set of who could be
       | Satoshi is so small.
       | 
       | It's either Back or someone who tried to frame him, long before
       | Bitcoin was even remotely successful. Generally, framing someone
       | like this is a poor strategy because it places you in the
       | person's radius as opposed to being absolutely anyone.
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | My dorm room was next door to Hal Finney. He was a freakin genius
       | at every intellectual endeavor he bothered to try. My fellow
       | students and I were in awe of him.
       | 
       | But you had to get to know him to realize what he was. To most
       | people, he was just a regular guy, easy going, friendly, always
       | willing to help.
       | 
       | He was also a libertarian, and the concept of bitcoin must have
       | been very appealing to him.
       | 
       | And inventing "Satoshi" as the front man is just the prankish
       | thing he'd do, as he had quite a sense of humor.
       | 
       | I regret not getting to know him better, though I don't think he
       | found me very interesting.
       | 
       | My money's on Hal.
        
         | ProllyInfamous wrote:
         | Hal was _likely part of the Satoshi team_ -- even receiving the
         | first ever bitcoin transaction (on the main blockchain).
         | 
         | Hopefully his children got to open extremely rewarding
         | bankboxes, after his death (whether or not containing bitcoin
         | -- but likely so). If it were myself, I'd also keep quiet about
         | such a miracle.
         | 
         | For my own meager holdings, I'll keep waiting (over a decade
         | strong HODL, now).
        
       | doublextremevil wrote:
       | Satoshi supported big blocks in his writings and empowered the
       | pro-big block Gavin when he disappeared. Adam is a well known
       | supporter of small blocks, ultimately the "winning" side of the
       | debate. They are not the same person.
        
         | cloche wrote:
         | I haven't read the article yet but I remember this as well.
         | IIRC Adam went the route of more towards a centralized group
         | controlling Bitcoin's future during the BTC/BCH debates/fork.
         | It seemed against what Satoshi would have pushed for. Plus
         | Adam's group seemed like a catalyst for Gavin stepping back as
         | a result of the political in-fighting and mud-slinging. It
         | would be a huge surprise if Satoshi were Adam.
         | 
         | Personally, I think Satoshi was Hal Finney.
        
           | cloche wrote:
           | Adding on now that I've read the article and this situation
           | is covered:
           | 
           | > The following year, in 2015, the Bitcoin community
           | fractured over a proposal to increase Bitcoin's block size. A
           | faction led by two Bitcoin developers, Gavin Andresen and
           | Mike Hearn, wanted to make the blocks much bigger to
           | accommodate more transactions. But this was controversial...
           | 
           | > Mr. Back fiercely opposed increasing the block size. In a
           | series of posts on the Bitcoin-dev list, he warned against
           | Mr. Andresen and Mr. Hearn's proposal in increasingly
           | strident tones.
           | 
           | > Then, out of the blue, Satoshi appeared on the list with an
           | email that neatly dovetailed with Mr. Back's position. It was
           | the first time Satoshi had been heard from in more than four
           | years, other than a five-word post the previous year denying
           | a Newsweek article's claim to have unmasked him.
           | 
           | > Many in the Bitcoin community questioned the new email's
           | authenticity since another of Satoshi's email accounts had
           | been hacked. But Mr. Back argued that the email sounded real.
           | In a series of tweets, he called Satoshi's observations "spot
           | on" and "consistent with Satoshi views IMO" and took to
           | quoting from the email.
           | 
           | I now realize that the Satoshi email was after Hal Finney's
           | death so that changes my opinion.
           | 
           | From OP:
           | 
           | > Satoshi supported big blocks in his writings and empowered
           | the pro-big block Gavin when he disappeared
           | 
           | This isn't correct. In fact, the linked email in the article
           | says the opposite https://gnusha.org/pi/bitcoindev/6EC9DDF352
           | DC4838AE9B088AB37...
        
             | WatchDog wrote:
             | >> Satoshi supported big blocks in his writings and
             | empowered the pro-big block Gavin when he disappeared
             | 
             | >
             | 
             | > This isn't correct. In fact, the linked email in the
             | article says the opposite
             | 
             | Characterizing the arguments are big vs small blocks, seems
             | wrong.
             | 
             | There appeared to be broad agreement that the block size
             | needed to be increased, however there were 4 competing
             | proposed solutions(BIP 100, 101, 102, 103), and consensus
             | on which approach to take could not be reached.
             | 
             | Gavin decided to push ahead with BIP 101, and both Satoshi
             | and Adam agreed that it was reckless to proceed without
             | better consensus.
        
           | irishcoffee wrote:
           | I think Back reacts the way he does when being asked if he is
           | the creator of BTC is that he knows it was Finney, and the
           | key is gone.
        
             | alchemist1e9 wrote:
             | It can't be Finney because there was an entire send reply
             | send reply sequence that was while Finney was in a marathon
             | race between Satoshi and others which could not have been
             | scripted.
             | 
             | The case for Jack Dorsey is much stronger than the Back
             | claim.
        
         | danso wrote:
         | Doesn't this fierce debate exist because people cannot agree
         | what Satoshi would have written had he known Bitcoin would take
         | off in such a massive way, versus what Satoshi believed back
         | when bitcoin was just a paper? If it actually is the case that
         | Adam Back is Satoshi, we shouldn't find it surprising that
         | Back's views on bitcoin changed as bitcoin's viability and real
         | world impact changed
        
         | kinakomochidayo wrote:
         | Exactly. Adam is also very emotional when he writes, and
         | Satoshi was nothing like it.
        
         | lateforwork wrote:
         | Did you miss the part where Satoshi came to Adam's rescue, to
         | thwart big blocks?
         | 
         | https://gnusha.org/pi/bitcoindev/6EC9DDF352DC4838AE9B088AB37...
        
         | coppsilgold wrote:
         | > Satoshi supported big blocks in his writings and empowered
         | the pro-big block Gavin when he disappeared. Adam is a well
         | known supporter of small blocks, ultimately the "winning" side
         | of the debate. They are not the same person.
         | 
         | From the article:                   Then, out of the blue,
         | Satoshi appeared on the list with an email that neatly
         | dovetailed with Mr. Back's position. It was the first time
         | Satoshi had been heard from in more than four years, other than
         | a five-word post the previous year denying a Newsweek article's
         | claim to have unmasked him.              Many in the Bitcoin
         | community questioned the new email's authenticity since another
         | of Satoshi's email accounts had been hacked. But Mr. Back
         | argued that the email sounded real. In a series of tweets, he
         | called Satoshi's observations "spot on" and "consistent with
         | Satoshi views IMO" and took to quoting from the email.
         | Mr. Back was likely correct: To this day, there is no evidence
         | to indicate the email was a forgery, and no other emails from
         | that account have surfaced.              The Satoshi email
         | sounded a lot like Mr. Back had in his posts during the
         | preceding weeks, although no one took notice. Like Mr. Back,
         | Satoshi argued that the Bitcoin network's increasing
         | centralization jeopardized its security. He called the big
         | block proposal very "dangerous" -- the same term Mr. Back had
         | used repeatedly. He also used other words and phrases Mr. Back
         | had used: "widespread consensus," "consensus rules,"
         | "technical," "trivial" and "robust."              At the end of
         | the email, Satoshi denounced Mr. Andresen and Mr. Hearn as two
         | reckless developers trying to hijack Bitcoin with populist
         | tactics and added: "This present situation has been very
         | disappointing to watch unfold."
         | 
         | It also happened to be densely cited with hyperlinks:
         | 
         | https://gnusha.org/pi/bitcoindev/6EC9DDF352DC4838AE9B088AB37...
         | 
         | https://x.com/adam3us/status/632928398893907968
         | 
         | https://x.com/adam3us/status/632650884011458560
         | 
         | https://x.com/adam3us/status/632923680104841220
         | 
         | https://x.com/adam3us/status/632919411112849410
         | 
         | https://gnusha.org/pi/bitcoindev/CALqxMTHfU5+1ezP-Jnn5obpd62...
         | 
         | https://gnusha.org/pi/bitcoindev/CALqxMTGBt7MNs5YWf8QzKe+4Fr...
         | 
         | https://gnusha.org/pi/bitcoindev/CALqxMTFC7zBN9GvHAZLQj4SbXj...
         | 
         | https://gnusha.org/pi/bitcoindev/CALqxMTFu6DRVMSLsGDa6AgVX1X...
         | 
         | https://gnusha.org/pi/bitcoindev/CALqxMTG7+MMN50VH9-Y++B1_De...
         | 
         | https://gnusha.org/pi/bitcoindev/CALqxMTGCkTZAs74bXk57L6JWK2...
         | 
         | https://gnusha.org/pi/bitcoindev/CALqxMTH_5rtOs=aSNiVrfsG_sq...
        
       | opengrass wrote:
       | Congrats to the author citing a troll on a Vistomail account
       | anyone could re-register when AnonymousSpeech was around.
        
       | dboreham wrote:
       | I'm going to call BS on this. Not that this guy couldn't be
       | Satoshi, but the article has some serious nonsense in it. Ha said
       | he learned to program on a "Timex Sinclair". It wasn't called
       | that in the UK. Did he know the alternative name and auto-
       | translate in speaking to a US journalist? Seems unlikely. Then he
       | used C++! Amazing. So did everyone at that time. He took an
       | interest in PK cryptography. So has every single serious software
       | engineer since the 1990s. It's the same thing as Bitcoin!
       | Seriously. I stopped reading when the next piece of evidence was
       | that he used the word "libertarian".
        
       | gorfian_robot wrote:
       | this and the recent banksy 'umasking' by major news outlets is
       | sad in our era of huge US governmental crimes and coverups.
        
       | uxhacker wrote:
       | Using the articles logic.
       | 
       | Obviously Satoshi and Banksy are the same person. They are both
       | from the same era and British.
       | 
       | There are so many people I know from that Era who believed the
       | same things that Mr. Back believed in. Half my work colleagues at
       | the time where interested in distributed computers, Postage pay,
       | and algorithmic payments.
       | 
       | I am not convinced
        
       | throwaway85825 wrote:
       | Satoshi is the guy with the PhD in distributed computing who took
       | a sabbatical during which bitcoin was published.
        
         | nly wrote:
         | Len Sassaman?
        
       | sho_hn wrote:
       | This was a fun article, but also an oddball collection of strong
       | and weak claims.
       | 
       | Some of the "isn't it interesting ..." type coincidences would,
       | as people on this forum would know, be commonplace among the
       | subculture or even just technologists, and often lack the
       | comparison to the overall Cypherpunk corpus - for example: no,
       | studying public-key cryptography in grad school certainly isn't a
       | high-signal differentiating tell for Satoshi-ness.
       | 
       | For some he does provide that though, and they're certainly
       | compelling.
       | 
       | What I like best about the Back attribution is that it totally
       | makes sense in context of my operating model of humans and passes
       | the Occam's Razor test: Still actively involved, interested in
       | the governance, interested in acclaim/prestige, built up wealth
       | masking his other wealth, etc. Ego and "Tell me you're Satoshi
       | without telling me you're Satoshi" written all over it.
        
         | levocardia wrote:
         | Interesting: my Occam's Razor test is "$100B sitting around
         | untouched, how can that be?" Well, simplest answer is that
         | satoshi is dead.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | By now, this is a snipe hunt.
       | 
       | If "Satoshi" were to ever try cashing out some of "his" BitCoin,
       | I suspect that things could get interesting.
        
       | BobbyTables2 wrote:
       | Seems like the IRS would have an enormous vested interest in
       | tracking him down too...
        
       | BobbyTables2 wrote:
       | Would be darkly hilarious if Santoshi lost his wallet long ago...
       | 
       | I've certainly lost a lot of the small scripts and utilities I
       | wrote long ago. Can't remember any usernames, much less
       | passwords, from 20 years ago...
        
       | dools wrote:
       | This is the most compelling "who is Satoshi?" post I've found:
       | 
       | https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=628344.msg48198887#m...
       | 
       | "I contend that James Simons put the team together that made up
       | Satoshi Nakamoto and that Nick Szabo was the main public-facing
       | voice behind the nym."
        
         | IncreasePosts wrote:
         | Why would he do that surreptitiously, instead of just being
         | clear that they were working on it? Why wouldn't they cash in
         | the million or so bitcoins that were pre-mined? How did they
         | get the whole team to communicate in a unified style? How did
         | they get everyone to stay quiet after Bitcoin took off?
        
       | nitwit005 wrote:
       | Looking at some of the linked examples, I did not feel convinced
       | at the style similarity. For example:
       | 
       | > In the spirit of building something in the public domain, Mr.
       | Back and Satoshi also both created internet mailing lists
       | dedicated to their creations -- the Hashcash list and the
       | Bitcoin-dev list -- where they posted software updates listing
       | new features and bug fixes in a format and style that looked
       | strikingly similar.
       | 
       | That paragraph links two release notes:
       | https://www.freelists.org/post/hashcash/hashcash113-released...
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20130401141714/http://sourceforg...
       | 
       | They do have a similar "release notes rendered with Markdown"
       | feel, but the actual text has some obvious capitalization and
       | tone differences.
        
       | dnnehgf wrote:
       | satoshi:
       | https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?action=profile;u=3;sa=show...
       | 
       | adam back:
       | https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?action=profile;u=101601;sa...
       | 
       | page through each of those profiles and search for the following
       | strings:
       | 
       | ")." "(i" "(e" "nor"
       | 
       | you find:
       | 
       | 1. adam back is constantly writing full sentences in parentheses
       | with a period standing outside the end parenthesis. so, for
       | example: "To review it will be clearer if you state your
       | assumptions, and claimed benefits, and why you think those
       | benefits hold. (Bear in mind if input assumptions are theoretical
       | and known to not hold in practice, while that can be fine for
       | theoretical results, it will be difficult to use the resulting
       | conclusions in a real system)."
       | 
       | that is non-standard, and satoshi never does it. when he (very
       | rarely) uses parentheses for full sentences he either (a) (in a
       | few cases) does not use a period at all (which is also non-
       | standard), or (b) (in a single case) he puts it on the inside of
       | the parentheses. back can barely get through a single long post
       | without a full-sentence parenthesis. satoshi very rarely uses a
       | full-sentence parenthesis.
       | 
       | 2. back uses "(ie" and "(eg" very often. satoshi never uses
       | these.
       | 
       | 3. satoshi never uses "nor." back uses it very often.
        
       | nodesocket wrote:
       | Seems most probable it was Hal Finney. Hal passed away in 2014
       | which explains the no movement of the Satoshi coins which are
       | currently valued at a staggering ~$75 billion
        
       | dyauspitr wrote:
       | Maybe this is something to set Claude Mythos loose on. This seems
       | like the kind of thing it would be good at.
        
         | adi_kurian wrote:
         | Yep def the lexical pattern piece.
        
       | malbs wrote:
       | When did Satoshi make an appearance in 2015? I couldn't find the
       | spot in the article where the author cites it. Everywhere I've
       | read it states his last interactions were 2010, and his wallet
       | hasn't been touched since then either.
       | 
       | Based on everything I've read, I think Satoshi is Len Sassaman
        
         | cloche wrote:
         | Search for this section:
         | 
         | > Then, out of the blue, Satoshi appeared on the list with an
         | email that neatly dovetailed with Mr. Back's position
        
         | lateforwork wrote:
         | Here it is:
         | 
         | https://gnusha.org/pi/bitcoindev/6EC9DDF352DC4838AE9B088AB37...
         | 
         | Satoshi came to Adam's rescue when it seemed like Adam is going
         | to fail to prevent the fork.
        
       | joshrw wrote:
       | Terrible article. The real Satoshi is Nick Szabo and no one else
       | is even close. Hal Finney, Wei Dai, etc. New York Times' quality
       | has really gone downhill.
        
       | niobe wrote:
       | Steeped in confirmation bias.. the whole article - and apparently
       | author's methods - are written from the point of view of trying
       | to prove that Satoshi is Adam Back. This cannot be trusted, no
       | matter how many times Back is mentioned in a single article
        
       | blindriver wrote:
       | Anyone who has access to Satoshi's account is worth $100B. If
       | Satoshi were still alive some of the BTC would have been moved at
       | least a little but they haven't.
       | 
       | Whoever Satoshi was is now dead.
        
         | cloche wrote:
         | There was no guarantee that Bitcoin would take off. It may be
         | tough to imagine looking back in retrospect but, in another
         | world, Bitcoin could have turned out to have been another
         | digital currency with limited value. Many people lost their
         | keys in the early days when Bitcoin was worthless. It's not
         | unreasonable to think the same wouldn't have happened to
         | Satoshi. He may have also thrown them away on purpose.
        
       | olalonde wrote:
       | All you need to know about this "quest":
       | https://xcancel.com/austinhill/status/2041986130871251141
       | 
       | Plus, the most obvious reason that Adam Back is not Satoshi is
       | that he'd absolutely take credit for Bitcoin if he could. And he
       | would have put an end to Craig Wright's legal circus. The most
       | plausible explanation is that Satoshi is either dead or
       | incapacitated.
        
         | eddiewithzato wrote:
         | Look at his comment here, then you will realize why it's
         | definitely Back. And why he certainly would never claim to be
         | satoshi
         | 
         | https://xcancel.com/adam3us/status/2041816020776611935?s=46
        
           | olalonde wrote:
           | I didn't realize anything. Everyone and their mother has been
           | saying that about Satoshi since day one... Also, Adam would
           | have infinitely more to gain from being Satoshi than from
           | Satoshi remaining unknown. He's been trying to take credit
           | for Bitcoin ever since he realized that Bitcoin was actually
           | worth something (he initially dismissed it). All his actions
           | point to someone who's largely motivated by financial gain
           | whereas Satoshi hasn't touched a single of his 1M+ BTC.
           | 
           | If you're interested in serious research about Satoshi's
           | identity, try this paper instead:
           | https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.10257
        
             | adastra22 wrote:
             | And your HN account was created right between the release
             | of the white paper and Bitcoin 0.1. Coincidence? Are you
             | Satoshi?!?
             | 
             | That's about the level of investigative journalism
             | performed by NYT here. Thanks for being sensible.
        
               | olalonde wrote:
               | Maybe :) But seriously, Satoshi is most likely a
               | relatively unknown dude. Why would you spend so much
               | effort hiding your identity and then become a very public
               | figure of the Bitcoin community? Among all candidates
               | proposed, Len Sassaman checks the most boxes to me (e.g.
               | died of suicide 2 months after Satoshi's last known
               | message), but it's still probably not him.
        
           | szmarczak wrote:
           | As per the quotes, it could've been that he had read them,
           | liked them and kept repeating them. However given other
           | matching circumstances such as grammar this becomes unlikely.
           | Also, this is just a single journalist; to know precisely
           | this should be outsourced to a company doing forensics.
        
         | ergocoder wrote:
         | > The most plausible explanation is that Satoshi is either dead
         | or incapacitated.
         | 
         | He could have lost the key and doesn't want to be a target or
         | ridiculed. Happened to a lot of people.
        
       | Svoka wrote:
       | Wouldn't Satoshi own some bitcoin in first blocks? Like about 60
       | billion worth of bitcoins, the largest wallet in existence? For
       | me this is necessary and sufficient proof of their persona.
        
       | nullc wrote:
       | Bad science, -- article contains a litany of points that are true
       | for many other people (myself)-- and a number of the bits of I
       | have personal experience with are just flatly untrue or
       | misleading, e.g. citing Back's name at the top of a paper I
       | coauthored as evidence of his importance to it, -- the names were
       | alphabetic. Not that it was an important point, but I think
       | failing to notice the names being alphabetic and including it
       | speaks to the bar being held to the other 'evidence' there.
       | 
       | That said-- I guess credit goes for naming someone who is
       | essentially credible in the sense that they had the relevant
       | interests and aptitudes, a lot of the journalists writing on this
       | stuff have picked ludicrous names out of a hat. But so did a lot
       | of other people. And unfortunately, the real person was clearly
       | trying to obscure their identity and so they easily could have
       | been adding chaff similarity to other people. (which may explain
       | why there are good matches with _multiple_ of the highest
       | visibility ecash authors). For the few journalists that don 't
       | finger absolutely absurd people they keep going over and over
       | again to some of the most visible people from the cypherpunks
       | community, but in reality it may well have been a lurker that
       | never posted or only posted pseudonymously.
       | 
       | Probably the research on this stuff tends to not be very good
       | because people who would do good work realize that it's a
       | pointless effort and care that incorrectly implicating them
       | causes harm by putting their safety at risk... and so they don't
       | publish.
       | 
       | In any case I would be _extremely_ surprised if it were so-- I
       | 've known Adam for a long time, and he's been consistently
       | straightforward and guileless. When he came into Bitcoin he had a
       | number of significant misunderstandings that Satoshi couldn't
       | have had, (unless Bitcoin was developed multiple people, of
       | course). To have consistently played dumb like that would be
       | entirely inconsistent with the person I know, and perhaps outside
       | of his capability.
       | 
       | Fundamentally the article ignores the base rate and the
       | correlations... as in yes this or that thing is true about adam
       | and satoshi, but it's also true of a large number of odd people
       | who have the other prerequisites. Normal people don't talk about
       | pre-images but cryptographers do. When you use correlated
       | characteristics you overweight the underlying common factor. You
       | also basically hand Satoshi a win on hiding if he was in fact
       | copying visible characteristics from other people.
       | 
       | In any case, at least I haven't yet heard rumors that this was a
       | paid piece by someone with an agenda ... sad that I can't say
       | that about all NYT writing.
       | 
       | Aside, the comments about Adam's body language and emphatic
       | denial: I can tell you what that is straight up: He's afraid of
       | being harmed because of these accusations and he's afraid of
       | being criticized for _not_ denying it if he doesn 't do so
       | directly and clearly enough doubly so because some actual Satoshi
       | fakers have accused him of being one himself, and tried to
       | dismiss the respect Adam has earned as an unearned product of
       | being suspected of being Satoshi. This is absolutely a witch-test
       | where you're dammed one way or the other: In the HBO documentary,
       | Peter Todd gave a cutesy demurring response which was the polar
       | opposite of Adam's and in that case the program used _that_ as
       | evidence of the same. That kind of subjective judgement is just a
       | coat-rack to hang your preconceived notions on.
        
       | kinakomochidayo wrote:
       | Why are journalists giving this guy exposure?
       | 
       | He doesn't write anything like Satoshi.
        
       | SilentM68 wrote:
       | Satoshi has many contributors. In my view, he/she is not one
       | person but many. Why, because it would take a genius with
       | multiple skills, e.g. engineering, programming, cryptography,
       | mathematics, financial knowledge and a lot of time, a lotta time
       | to come up with something like this.
       | 
       | It is more plausible that Satoshi was a rogue AI, ET, the
       | Illuminati or future time traveler instead of one single person
       | :)
        
       | tclover wrote:
       | Satoshi Nakamoto is CIA
        
       | Syzygies wrote:
       | That's funny. My paper on digital timestamping is one of eight
       | references in the original bitcoin paper. You'd think if anyone
       | was serious about unmasking her they would have asked me.
        
         | D-Coder wrote:
         | So... who is Satoshi?
        
       | suzzer99 wrote:
       | > Ancestors of today's message boards, mailing lists were large
       | group emails in old typewriter font that subscribers received in
       | their inbox. To communicate, respondents replied-all.
       | 
       | There was no HTML email in the early 90s. The font was the
       | display font of whatever you read it on. Sheesh NYT.
        
       | gxd wrote:
       | Believe it or not, but the answer is revealed in this videogame:
       | https://store.steampowered.com/app/3040110/Outsider/
       | 
       | Spoiler: it's not Adam Back!
        
       | tgtweak wrote:
       | Has Back not produced any c++ code from his thesis or days in
       | University? That would be more useful for satoshi-profiling than
       | his written prose, I would think.
        
       | vlatoshi wrote:
       | Adam fits better as someone Satoshi respected, not who Satoshi
       | was... Bitcoin explicitly cites hashcash. If Adam was so careful,
       | why would he name himself in the paper; tongue-in-cheek? hide in
       | plain sight? I don't buy it...
       | 
       | Hal Finney is the strongest alternative, but even there, I'm not
       | fully convinced. Hal had the technical profile, mined early, and
       | received the first transaction. But he also feels almost too
       | obvious. I believe, just as Adam Back's hashcash, Hal's RPOW was
       | a precursor.
       | 
       | I lean toward Len Sassaman, who was deeply embedded in the exact
       | world Satoshi seemed to come from: remailers, anonymity systems,
       | OpenPGP, and privacy-first engineering. Same things that got his
       | conversations with Adam and Hal going... Adam here is probably
       | just protecting his friend's legacy
        
         | colordrops wrote:
         | You could game theory this out forever. Maybe he put his name
         | in there because people like you would only use first order
         | logic and conclude that it wasn't him because it would be crazy
         | to "hide in plain site".
         | 
         | I always had Adam Back as my main candidate because HashCash
         | somehow had the same energy and thought to it. But I have no
         | concrete reason to believe it was him.
        
           | eleventen wrote:
           | So clearly I cannot choose the wine in front of me!
        
         | lexandstuff wrote:
         | I had always assumed that all of them shared the pseudonym of
         | Satoshi, along with Nick Szabo.
         | 
         | Back wrote the white paper with input from Hal and Nick Szabo.
         | Sassaman did the coding work on the client. Sassaman had the
         | keys to the Satoshi wallet, hence it never moving since his
         | passing.
         | 
         | Since Satoshi is a collective, it means that each of them
         | individually can claim, without lying, that they're not
         | Satoshi.
         | 
         | That's my uninformed guess.
        
       | jojobas wrote:
       | Why would a newspaper openly try to doxx someone who did nothing
       | wrong?
       | 
       | Clearly the guy doesn't want to be public and there is no public
       | interest in figuring him out either.
        
       | hombre_fatal wrote:
       | The simplest filter to exclude potential Satoshi candidates is to
       | read Satoshi's early posts discussing bitcoin which never seems
       | to come up in these convos.
       | 
       | He had a calm, cool, consistent, professional demeanor. Always
       | worlds different than the people people claim him to be.
       | 
       | You'd have to believe these public figures were playing 4D chess
       | where they invented a persona and spent a couple years impeccably
       | roleplaying it with no mistakes only to abandon it.
       | 
       | Aside from it being incredibly difficult, unlikely, and
       | premeditated to do that, you can read the posts of Szabo et al
       | and see they literally don't have it in them.
       | 
       | Meanwhile, I'm thinking of that Show HN 10 years ago that
       | deanonymized all of our HN alt accounts with a basic trigram
       | comparison or whatever it was, even alt accounts with three short
       | posts.
        
       | ex-aws-dude wrote:
       | Its a good story but it sorta seems like the author decided on
       | Adam Back then was working backwards to prove it by the end
        
       | dmfdmf wrote:
       | My working hypothesis has always been that Satoshi was a CIA or
       | NSA working group partly to fund black ops. Also, it could be
       | that Bitcoin was a psyop to get people used to digital currency
       | followed by the bait and switch to CBDC. Seem to be working.
        
       | tavavex wrote:
       | Can I just ask why people are so fixated on revealing Satoshi's
       | identity? This article phrases it as some pure, innocent and
       | almost academic pursuit, driven by curiosity and the mystique
       | itself. But the amount of effort spent on trying to find Satoshi
       | is immense. He must be the internet's most doxxed person by now.
       | Is it just because of his wealth? Is someone trying to exact
       | revenge on him? Or is he wanted by the authorities of some
       | country? Why is finding him so important?
        
         | farfatched wrote:
         | I'm curious about his life, in the same way I might read a
         | biography or the Early Life section on a Wikipedia page.
         | 
         | Some people like mysteries.
        
           | wpm wrote:
           | So am I. I presume I can read if after he passes away, if I
           | am still around. Otherwise I am content to respect people's
           | wishes for anonymity and privacy, as there are plenty of
           | other interesting things to learn about.
        
             | farfatched wrote:
             | I agree. I'm interested, but think Satoshi should keep his
             | anonymity.
             | 
             | I was articulating why someone might want to know, as
             | tavavex asked.
        
           | tavavex wrote:
           | What I'm saying is that the overall amount of effort being
           | spent on this isn't very proportional to sheer curiosity.
           | Curious people may go out of their way to do something
           | difficult, but years-long research campaigns with a single
           | person in the crosshair feel like a step too far. Not even
           | the perpetrators of famous unsolved crimes receive this much
           | scrutiny. I don't doubt there's many people in the mix who
           | are just curious about this, like you are, but I feel like
           | people who spend months of their lives on this could be
           | trying to get at something bigger. Maybe hurting him or
           | trying to profit off of the knowledge somehow, or even just
           | becoming famous for being the person who found Satoshi
           | Nakamoto.
        
       | ChaitanyaSai wrote:
       | Here's my armchair two cents: Whoever it is, has to be British.
       | The language is unmistakeably British or Commonwealth. It's
       | likely him. I'd wager if there was a polymarket bet. But I also
       | feel for him. Does this make him a target for both half-wit
       | criminials and rogue nation states?
        
       | connorboyle wrote:
       | > And Mr. Back's thesis project focused on C++ -- the same
       | programming language Satoshi used to code the first version of
       | the Bitcoin software.
       | 
       | I know the author isn't claiming this is definitive evidence, but
       | I think it's so comically weak it is probably not worth
       | mentioning at all.
        
         | piekvorst wrote:
         | It seems like this "journalist" speaks English. Guess who also
         | spoke English? That's exactly right, Satoshi did.
        
       | voldacar wrote:
       | The common linguistic quirks are interesting and extremely
       | convincing at first glance, but the article doesn't investigate
       | C++ coding style, which as others have mentioned, seems quite
       | different between Back and Satoshi. And Satoshi didn't believe
       | the blocksize should be set in stone, the notion that he just
       | casually changed his mind on that isn't impossible but deserves a
       | closer look than the article gives it.
        
       | gyomu wrote:
       | Simple question for anyone who's familiar with this world of
       | journalism: how does the author and the NYTimes cope with the
       | fact that making such claims paint a huge target on the person
       | they claim to have "unmasked"?
       | 
       | Satoshi's wallets are worth hundreds of millions of dollars, and
       | there have been kidnappings/torture/murders for much less than
       | that.
       | 
       | Do they just not care about the ethical implications?
       | 
       | And really, for what? What is gained by "unmasking" Satoshi other
       | than satisfying one's curiosity? There is no argument to be made
       | there for the greater public good or anything like that.
        
         | idontwantthis wrote:
         | I was just wondering the same thing.
        
           | thehappypm wrote:
           | Exposing the wealthy is pretty standard journalism
        
             | anamax wrote:
             | And if this guy isn't Satoshi?
             | 
             | And if he comes to harm as a result of someone believing
             | the NYT?
        
               | righthand wrote:
               | Then the person who harmed him will be prosecuted. And
               | life will go on.
               | 
               | The NY Times isn't calling for violence.
        
               | Topfi wrote:
               | Harm from exposure can take a lot of shapes and sizes
               | that go beyond the physical and the potential prosecution
               | that someone may be held accountable I find weak.
        
               | chii wrote:
               | > Then the person who harmed him will be prosecuted ...
               | NY Times isn't calling for violence.
               | 
               | And the negligent driver also didn't mean to cause
               | injury, yet we have laws on negligent driving.
               | 
               | If the NY Times would have known that harm could come to
               | someone by having information published, they should
               | consult and/or take measures to prevent that harm (or at
               | least, take measures to minimize it).
        
               | yreg wrote:
               | And yet they would be responsible.
        
         | jmyeet wrote:
         | I think the wallets go well beyond "hundreds of millions".
         | Aren't there like a million Bitcoin in dormant wallets
         | associated with Satoshi? Personally, I'd assumed that whoever
         | the person or persons were, they're dead because nobody can
         | resist the pull of tens of billions of dollars regardless of
         | their ideological position on cryptocurrencies. But that's just
         | a guess.
         | 
         | There's absolutely a public interest in this. Sorry. This is a
         | trillion dollar market now. Was this a state actor? If so, why?
         | what was the plan here exactly? I see absolutely no reason to
         | respect anonymity here. You don't get to sit on $50 billion and
         | have people respect your desire to remain hidden.
        
           | adventured wrote:
           | An estimated 22,000 addresses, 1.1 million Bitcoin. Present
           | value $78 billion. That would make him the 23rd richest
           | person in the world. Bill Gates by comparison is 'only' worth
           | $102 billion these days.
           | 
           | If you priced Gates backwards in gold, his $102 billion is
           | about $13 billion two decades ago. He hasn't kept ahead of
           | the destruction of the dollar very well.
        
             | jmyeet wrote:
             | 1.1m Bitcoin is currently $77B not $7B.
             | 
             | Gold is a weird one. It's has a hell of a run over the last
             | decade. I'm not sure it looked so rosy in 2015. I kinda
             | feel like betting on gold is betting on the end of
             | civilization. I don't really want to be right.
        
             | zzzoom wrote:
             | If any of those addresses sold a single sat the price would
             | crash _hard_.
        
             | timr wrote:
             | > He hasn't kept ahead of the destruction of the dollar
             | very well.
             | 
             | The dollar is trading pretty much at 30-year historic highs
             | relative to all other currencies. You have to go back to
             | ~2000 to find a stronger era, and then the 1980s before
             | that.
             | 
             | https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/index/dxy
        
             | brainwad wrote:
             | > He hasn't kept ahead of the destruction of the dollar
             | very well.
             | 
             | That hasn't been his goal. For the last two decades he's
             | been running a huge charitable foundation...
        
           | johnnienaked wrote:
           | Couldn't agree more. If you don't want to be famous in
           | today's day and age, don't do infamous shit.
        
         | zamadatix wrote:
         | At least Adam Back is already publicly known to be worth at
         | least tens of millions anywyas. Many of those dozens/hundreds
         | of other guesses are not so lucky.
         | 
         | If the private key still exists, the BTC would be worth more
         | like 10s of billions though. I choose to believe the key is
         | long gone from this world though, whoever originally had it.
        
           | hart_russell wrote:
           | Long gone until quantum computers crack all the legacy
           | wallets
        
             | klipt wrote:
             | At which point the bitcoin in legacy wallets is clearly
             | worthless
        
         | bluecalm wrote:
         | I was thinking along the same lines. Isn't it just doxxing?
         | Going deep into someone's online history and making hypothesis
         | about who they are in real life, then publishing their name and
         | what they do?
        
           | chii wrote:
           | Indeed, unless they're already a public person (such as
           | celebrity or public figure of note).
        
         | DeathArrow wrote:
         | >Satoshi's wallets are worth hundreds of millions of dollars,
         | and there have been kidnappings/torture/murders for much less
         | than that.
         | 
         | So if Forbes publishes a list of the richest people in the
         | world, it makes them targets?
        
           | anshumankmr wrote:
           | do you need the forbes list of billionaires to know who is
           | bezos, gates or musk?
        
           | helloplanets wrote:
           | Sadly it does. Most of those people have to spend a lot of
           | money on security. But usually it's not the Forbes list that
           | specifically outs them as being wealthy. You can't really
           | build a billion dollar company under the radar.
           | 
           | This is just a strange situation where someone has made
           | billions without their identity being known, without being a
           | criminal.
        
           | aaa_aaa wrote:
           | When you are not actually rich, it matters.
        
           | chii wrote:
           | No, because those people are already public figures. They own
           | companies that are publicly known (i don't mean publicly
           | traded), and thus by proxy, are public face of those
           | companies.
           | 
           | Or they appear(ed) in public to make something of being in
           | public (such as lobbying, or civic activities, or
           | philanthropy etc). This makes any article about them not a
           | doxx - they already revealed themselves publicly. You cannot
           | segregate public affairs of the person with private affairs.
        
           | Lapsa wrote:
           | a killer from Moscow used to cost $5000
        
         | johnfn wrote:
         | The NYTimes infamously doxxed Slate Star Codex[1], despite him
         | basically begging them not to because it would upend his
         | psychiatry practice, back in 2020 for no reason other than
         | because they could.
         | 
         | [1]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23610416
        
         | adastra22 wrote:
         | Hundreds of billions, not millions.
        
           | taberiand wrote:
           | At least until they actually tried selling them
        
         | verisimi wrote:
         | I would assume that they don't care about the unmasking,
         | because the whole thing is a just a misleading show, intended
         | to misdirect you from the reality. I don't know the reality,
         | but perhaps if the USG was behind the creation of BTC, that
         | would explain it.
        
         | arthurofbabylon wrote:
         | This is a journalistic publication with a foundational value of
         | transparency. If you study the history of institutions that
         | favor transparency, they rarely ever need to further justify
         | efforts of transparency beyond that underlying value.
         | Transparency needs no further analysis of second order effects.
         | 
         | "What is gained...?" is simply not a question asked, for the
         | same reason that advocates for privacy rarely if ever
         | circumstantially ask the same question.
        
         | iwontberude wrote:
         | Well given they have hunreds of millions of dollars to protect
         | themselves with, it seems like it would be a good time to start
         | using it.
        
       | potsandpans wrote:
       | > I'd learned enough by then to know that P.G.P. relies on
       | public-key cryptography. >So does Bitcoin... > And Mr. Back's
       | thesis project focused on C++ -- the same programming language
       | Satoshi used to code the first version of the Bitcoin software.
       | 
       | This is such poor quality writing, I'm kind of shocked to see it
       | in nyt. It reads like a family guy cutaway lampooning a
       | whodunnit.
       | 
       | I honestly can't believe this warranted a full piece. I was
       | wondering if this a symptom of the author going down some llm
       | psychosis rabbit hole?
       | 
       | _youre absolutely right, you've repeatedly shown signs that back
       | is satoshi. The pattern is clear: back isn't just some
       | cypherpunk, he's Satoshi._
        
       | rurban wrote:
       | Aba wouldn't have said: "Send X bitcoins to my priority hotline
       | at this IP and I'll read the message personally."
       | 
       | Because aba knew about how email worked, unlike Satoshi. A
       | hotline is not at in IP, it is at a domain with an MX record.
       | Satoshi was a Windows guy.
        
       | DeathArrow wrote:
       | What if Satoshi Nakamoto, whoever he is, lost the key to his
       | wallet?
       | 
       | I've read somewhere that there are some very big bitcoin wallets
       | nobody has touched since long ago. So it's safe to assume the
       | keys are gone.
       | 
       | Does it matter if a large proportion of bitcoins are gone from
       | the network?
        
       | sergiotapia wrote:
       | john mcafee already unmasked who it is years ago.
       | 
       | "Now, there are only two of the accused who were British and only
       | one of those has two spaces in every one of his papers. Figure it
       | out people. It'll take you 15 minutes."
       | 
       | british guy.
       | 
       | the paper has two spaces after periods, and only one of these two
       | british guys has two spaces after each period.
       | 
       | seems pretty conclusive.
       | 
       | it's Adam Back
        
       | johnnienaked wrote:
       | I thought bitcoin was cool for about 6 months back in 2014, and
       | read everything I could about it. For the life of me I simply
       | can't understand how people are still so interested in it or who
       | created it.
        
       | acjohnson55 wrote:
       | I think there's a pretty good chance Adam Back is Satoshi, but I
       | don't think this is a great article. Perhaps he's rendering a
       | careful scientific process in a way that makes for a readable
       | narrative, but as written, it sounds like a lot of gut feel and
       | confirmation bias.
       | 
       | The biggest new contribution to the Satoshi question seems to be
       | ad hoc stylometry. To have faith in his methodology, he should be
       | testing it on identitying other people. If he were to show me
       | that a repeatable methodology that doesn't require hand tuning
       | can identify other people with low error rate, and it said
       | Back=Satoshi, that would be much more convincing.
       | 
       | Like so much tech writing done by non engineers, there are many
       | places where mundane things are made to sound remarkable (e.g.
       | Black's thesis used C++, the "heated debate").
        
       | iamankur wrote:
       | I think the NSA is Satoshi Nakamoto. That makes most sense.
        
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