Microsoft(R) Mouse Programmer's Reference Guide 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Microsoft(R) Mouse Programmer's Reference Guide for IBM(R) Personal Computers and Compatibles 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Microsoft Corporation. The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement. The software may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement. (C)Copyright Microsoft Corporation, 1986 If you have comments about this documentation or the software it describes, complete the Problem Report at the back of this manual and return it to Microsoft. Microsoft(R) and the Microsoft logo are registered trademarks, and InPort(TM) is a trademark, of Microsoft Corporation. IBM(R) is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. Turbo Pascal(R) is a registered trademark of Borland International, Inc. Hercules(TM) is a trademark of Hercules Computer Technology. WordStar(R) is a registered trademark of MicroPro International Corporation. 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� Contents About this Guide PREADME.DOC Product Support Microsoft Software License Agreement Addendum Disclaimer of Warranty Creating Mouse Menus 1 Creating Your Own Mouse Menu Mouse Menu Language Statement Format Labels Parameters Comments Mouse Menu Program Structure Mouse Event Statements (BEGIN, ASSIGN) Menu Subroutine Statements (MENU, OPTION, MEND) Popup Subroutine Statements (POPUP, TEXT, SELECT, PEND) Action Statements (EXECUTE, TYPE, NOTHING) String Match Statement (MATCH) Creating a Mouse Menu Running a Mouse Menu Program 2 Mouse Menu Language Statements ASSIGN Description Parameters BEGIN Description Parameters EXECUTE Description Parameters MATCH Description Parameters MENU...MEND Description Parameters NOTHING Description OPTION Description Parameters POPUP...PEND Description Parameters SELECT Description Parameters TEXT Description Parameters TYPE Description Parameters 3 Sample Mouse Menu Programs SIMPLE Mouse Menu Program SIMPLE Mouse Menu Source Program DOSOVRLY Mouse Menu Program DOSOVRLY Mouse Menu Source Program 4 Mouse Menu Messages Designing Mouse Interfaces 5 The Mouse Interface Screen Modes The Virtual Screen Graphics and Text Cursors Graphics Cursor Software Text Cursor Hardware Text Cursor Mouse Buttons Mouse Unit of Distance: The Mickey The Internal Cursor Flag 6 Mouse Function Descriptions Mouse Functions Function 0: Mouse Reset and Status Function 1: Show Cursor Function 2: Hide Cursor Function 3: Get Button Status and Mouse Position Function 4: Set Mouse Cursor Position Function 5: Get Button Press Information Function 6: Get Button Release Information Function 7: Set Minimum and Maximum Horizontal Cursor Position Function 8: Set Minimum and Maximum Vertical Cursor Position Function 9: Set Graphics Cursor Block Function 10: Set Text Cursor Function 11: Read Mouse Motion Counters Function 12: Set Interrupt Subroutine Call Mask and Address Function 13: Light Pen Emulation Mode On Function 14: Light Pen Emulation Mode Off Function 15: Set Mickey/Pixel Ratio Function 16: Conditional Off Function 19: Set Double-Speed Threshhold Function 20: Swap Interrupt Subroutines Function 21: Get Mouse Driver State Storage Requirements Function 22: Save Mouse Driver State Function 23: Restore Mouse Driver State Function 24: Set Alternate Subroutine Call Mask and Address Function 25: Get User Alternate Interrupt Address Function 26: Set Mouse Sensitivity Function 27: Get Mouse Sensitivity Function 28: Set Mouse Interrupt Rate Function 29: Set CRT Page Number Function 30: Get CRT Page Number Function 31: Disable Mouse Driver Function 32: Enable Mouse Driver Function 33: Software Reset Function 34: Set Language For Messages Function 35: Get Language Number Function 36: Get Driver Version, Mouse Type, and IRG # 7 Making Mouse Function Calls Making Calls from the BASIC Interpreter Making Calls from Assembly-Language Programs Making Calls from High-Level-Language Programs Making Calls from Microsoft QuickBASIC Making Calls from Microsoft Pascal Making Calls from Microsoft FORTRAN Making Calls from Microsoft C Piano Program Listing Sample Cursors Standard Cursor Shape Up Arrow Left Arrow Check Mark Pointing Hand Diagonal Cross Rectangular Cross Hourglass 8 Writing Mouse Programs for IBM EGA Modes The EGA Register Interface Library How the Interface Library Works How to Call the EGA Register Interface Library Making Calls from Assembly-Language Programs Making Calls from High-Level-Language Programs Restrictions on Use of the EGA Register Interface Library Calls to BIOS ROM Video Routines EGA Register Interface Functions Function F0: Read One Register Function F1: Write One Register Function F2: Read Register Range Function F3: Write Register Range Function F4: Read Register Set Function F5: Write Register Set Function F6: Revert to Default Registers Function F7: Define Default Register Table Function FA: Interrogate Driver Appendix A Mouse Command Line Switches Control Panel Switches Mouse Driver Switches Specifying Mouse Sensitivity Setting the Interrupt Rate for the InPort Mouse Specifying the Type and Location of the Mouse Disabling or Removing the Mouse Driver Appendix B Linking Existing Mouse Programs with MOUSE.LIB Appendix C Making Calls from Borland Turbo Pascal Programs Appendix D Using the Hercules Graphics Card with Mouse Programs 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� About This Guide By now you're probably enjoying the convenience of the Microsoft(R) Mouse with the applications and the Microsoft Expert Mouse Menus that were included in your mouse package. This guide explains how you can create your own Mouse Menu programs for applications, as well as design a mouse interface for applications that you write yourself. It assumes that you have done some programming, understand basic program design concepts, and are familiar with the operation of the Microsoft Mouse. This guide has two main parts: � Creating Mouse Menus explains how to create a Mouse Menu program that allows you to use the Microsoft Mouse with an application that doesn't have built-in mouse support. � Designing Mouse Interfaces explains how to build mouse support directly into one of your own applications. In addition, four appendices give you technical information about the mouse command line switches, linking existing mouse programs with version 6.0 of the Microsoft Mouse Library, using the mouse with Borland Turbo Pascal programs, and using the Hercules Graphics Card with mouse programs. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� PREADME.DOC The Microsoft Mouse Tools disk that came with this guide may include a file named PREADME.DOC. Read this file for information that became available after this guide was printed. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Product Support If you have a question about designing a mouse menu or mouse interface and can't find the answer in this guide, call our Product Support staff by dialing the telephone number on the registration card that came with the Microsoft Mouse Programmer's Reference Guide. They will be ready to give you the help you need in order to use the Microsoft Mouse with many applications. When you call, please have the following information at hand: � The product number on the Microsoft Mouse Tools disk � The Microsoft Mouse Programmer's Reference Guide � Your Microsoft Mouse type � Your system configuration 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Microsoft Software License Agreement Addendum DISTRIBUTION OF MICROSOFT MOUSE LIBRARY Microsoft grants you the royalty-free right to reproduce and distribute the Mouse Library provided that you (a) distribute the Mouse Library only in conjunction with and as part of your own software product; (b) do not use Microsoft's name, logo, or trademarks to market your software product; (c) include Microsoft's copyright notice for the Library on your product label and as part of the sign-on message for your software product; and (d) otherwise comply with the Microsoft License Agreement and this Addendum. The "Mouse Library" consists of the files described as "MOUSE.LIB", "OLDMOUSE.LIB", and "EGA.LIB". If you distribute any portion of the Mouse Library, you agree to indemnify, hold harmless, and defend Microsoft from and against any claims or lawsuits, including attorney's fees, that arise or result from such distribution. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Disclaimer of Warranty USE OF MICROSOFT MOUSE EXAMPLE SOURCE CODE Your compilation of the source code included on the Microsoft Mouse Tools disk and/or described in this guide, and your subsequent use of the resultant programs, constitutes your acceptance of all results, intended or otherwise, of such use. The source code is meant solely as an example, and Microsoft does not warrant, guarantee, or otherwise make any claim concerning the usability or functionality of the programs defined by the source code. 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� Creating Mouse Menus This section explains how to use the Mouse Menu programming language to create your own mouse menus for applications. Chapter 1, "Creating Your Own Mouse Menu," gives an overview of the Mouse Menu programming language and explains how to create and run a Mouse Menu program. Chapter 2, "Mouse Menu Language Statements," explains in detail how to use each of the Mouse Menu language statements. Chapter 3, "Sample Mouse Menu Programs," provides the listings for two Mouse Menu programs that are both good examples for designing mouse menus and useful programs you may want to use yourself. Chapter 4, "Mouse Menu Messages," lists the messages that the Mouse Menu programs can display, along with descriptions of possible causes and actions you should take. 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� 1 Creating Your Own Mouse Menu This chapter provides background information that you'll need before you create a Mouse Menu program. It includes: � An overview of the Mouse Menu programming language � A description of program statements and their components � Descriptions of the various types of subroutines � A discussion of how statements and subroutines are combined to form a Mouse Menu program Once you're familiar with how a Mouse Menu program is put together, follow the procedure in "Creating a Mouse Menu" at the end of this chapter to create a working mouse menu. Note Mouse menus cannot be used with programs that use graphics display modes or that have built-in mouse support. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Mouse Menu Language The Mouse Menu programming language consists of 13 commands. These commands are used in statements, which assign different functions to the mouse, simulate pressing keys, and create menus. The following table lists the commands in the Mouse Menu programming language: 露컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴코컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴캠 Command Purpose 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� ASSIGN Assigns new values for the mouse. Command Purpose ASSIGN Assigns new values for the mouse. BEGIN Assigns initial values for the mouse. EXECUTE Specifies a sequence of statements executed when the mouse is moved, a mouse button is clicked, or a menu item is chosen. MATCH Specifies the action taken when a unique string of characters is displayed at a specific location on the screen. MENU Begins a Menu subroutine. MEND Ends a Menu subroutine. NOTHING Indicates that no action is taken. An alternative to the EXECUTE, TYPE, and MATCH statements. OPTION Defines an item in a Menu subroutine and the action Command Purpose OPTION Defines an item in a Menu subroutine and the action taken when the item is selected. POPUP Begins a Popup subroutine. PEND Ends a Popup subroutine. SELECT Defines the action taken when an item is selected in a popup menu. TEXT Defines the text for a popup menu title or menu items. TYPE Specifies a key or keys typed when the mouse is moved, a mouse button is clicked, or a menu item is chosen 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Statement Format You can enter statements in the Mouse Menu programming language in uppercase or lowercase letters. Most statements have the following format: [label:] command [parameters ;comments] The BEGIN statement and statements within Menu and Popup subroutines don't use this format because they don't require labels--BEGIN doesn't need a label because it's always the first statement in a program; statements within subroutines don't need labels because the program executes them sequentially. The components of a statement are described next. Labels A label is the name you give a statement. For example, in the following statement "mat1" is the label of the MATCH statement: mat1: MATCH 23,,INVERSE,"FORMAT",exec1,exec2 A label allows the program to execute statements in a different order than the order in which they appear. When using labels, follow these rules: � A statement's label must begin with a letter and be followed by a colon (:). � Put at least one space between the colon and the command. � Do not use command names or the words BACKSPACE, ENTER, ESCAPE, or TAB for labels. � Use any printable standard ASCII characters except for a colon. � Use labels that suggest what the statement does in the program. For example, use "menu1" as the label for the first Menu subroutine. Parameters A parameter is a variable that affects the action of the statement. Generally, when you use the statement, you must substitute an appropriate value for each parameter. All statements except NOTHING, MEND, and PEND have parameters. Parameters come after the command word in a statement. Put a space between the command word and the first parameter. Commas must separate any parameters after the first one. The EXECUTE and TYPE statements allow a variable number of parameters. These statements can have from 1 to 31 parameters. Other statements have a set number of parameters. If you don't want to use a parameter but want to use the parameters that follow, include an additional comma to hold the place of the unused parameter. For example, in the following statement, "23", "INVERSE", "FORMAT", "exec1", and "exec2" are the values of MATCH statement parameters. The two commas (,,) indicate that the second parameter is not used: mat1: MATCH 23,,INVERSE,"FORMAT",exec1,exec2 The program automatically uses a specific value (the default value) for any parameter that is left out of a statement that has a set number of parameters. The Mouse Menu programming language uses three types of parameters: numeric parameters, string parameters, and attribute parameters. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Numeric parameters 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Numeric parameters are used for numeric data, such as screen coordinates or movement-sensitivity values for the mouse. As the name suggests, you must use a number for a numeric parameter. In the preceding example, "23", the row coordinate for the MATCH statement, is the value of a numeric parameter. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 String parameters 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Most string parameters specify text for menus or messages. Use a string of digits, letters, special characters, or spaces for a string parameter. In the example above, "FORMAT", the string that the MATCH statement looks for, is the string parameter. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Display attribute parameters 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� A display attribute parameter specifies how a menu or message box appears on the screen. This parameter can have one of four values: "normal", "bold", "inverse", or, if your system uses a color display adapter and monitor, a number that designates specific foreground and background colors. Figure 1.1 shows how the values "normal", "bold", and "inverse" affect the text displayed by a popup menu. �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� � � � Figure 1.1 is found on page 1-4 � � in the printed version of the book. � � � 훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴暠 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 1.1 Effects of Attribute Parameters If you do not specify an attribute parameter, the default attribute is used. The default attributes are included in the description of each statement in Chapter 2, "Mouse Menu Language Statements." 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Color menus 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 If your system uses a color display adapter and color monitor, you can use the attribute parameter in a statement to specify particular colors for the background and foreground of a menu or message box. Text is displayed in the foreground color; the rest of the box is displayed in the background color. The table on the next page lists the background and foreground colors available, and gives a corresponding value for each. (The exact shades of colors may vary somewhat on different equipment.) The value for a particular color differs depending on whether the color is being used for the foreground or background. The display attribute that specifies a particular color combination is the sum of the values for the desired foreground and background colors. Note If you specify a display attribute value greater than 127, the foreground color will blink when the menu or message box is displayed. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Foreground and background color values 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Color Foreground Background 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Black 0 0 Blue 1 16 Green 2 32 Cyan (blue-green) 3 48 Red 4 64 Magenta 5 80 Brown 6 96 White 7 112 Gray 8 128 Light Blue 9 144 Light Green 10 160 Light Cyan 11 176 Light Red 12 192 Light Magenta 13 208 Yellow 14 224 White (high intensity) 15 240 If you want green text on a blue background, the value of the attribute parameter would be 18. The value for a green foreground is 2, and the value for a blue background is 16; add these two values together to get the final value of 18. Specifying a value of 7 is equivalent to specifying the attribute parameter "normal". The value 7 is the sum of 0, the value for a black background, and 7, the value for a white foreground. Similarly, you can specify a "bold" menu by specifying the attribute value 15, and an "inverse" menu by specifying the value 112. "Bold" uses high-intensity white for the foreground (15) and black for the background (0); "inverse" uses black for the foreground (0) and white for the background (112). Note A gray background (128) looks the same as a black background (0). Comments Comments describe what a statement does. Comments have no effect on how the statement is executed. They are used only to help you read and understand the program. You can insert comments at the end of a statement or on a separate line. Precede a comment with a semicolon (;). If you include comments on the same line as the statement, separate the last parameter of the statement and the semicolon preceding the comments with a space. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Mouse Menu Program Structure There are five types of statements in a Mouse Menu source program: � Mouse Event Statements: BEGIN, ASSIGN Define what action is taken when a mouse event occurs (such as clicking a mouse button) � Menu Subroutine Statements: MENU, OPTION, MEND Create single-column popup menus � Popup Subroutine Statements: POPUP, TEXT, SELECT, PEND Create multiple-column menus and message boxes � Action Statements: EXECUTE, TYPE, NOTHING Perform an action as a result of a Mouse Event, Menu Subroutine, or String Match Statement � String Match Statement: MATCH Executes other statements depending on what is displayed on the screen The following sections describe how each statement type is used in a Mouse Menu source program. (For specific information about statements and their parameters, see Chapter 2, "Mouse Menu Language Statements.") Mouse Event Statements (BEGIN, ASSIGN) Mouse Event statements specify which statements the program executes when the user clicks a mouse button or moves the mouse. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 BEGIN statement 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Use the BEGIN statement to specify the initial statements executed when particular mouse events occur and to set the initial mouse sensitivity. Always use BEGIN as the first statement in your program. There are three types of parameters in the BEGIN statement: � Button Parameters: lfbtn Left button rtbtn Right button btbtn Both buttons Define the action taken when one or both mouse buttons are pressed � Movement Parameters: lfmov Mouse left rtmov Mouse right upmov Mouse up dnmov Mouse down Define the action taken when the mouse is moved. The cursor keys are often assigned to the mouse movement parameters in a TYPE statement. � Movement Sensitivity Parameters: hsen Horizontal movement sensitivity vsen Vertical movement sensitivity Define how much the mouse must move (in mickeys, the unit of mouse movement) before the cursor moves. This is helpful in tailoring cursor movement to the different column and row widths found in spreadsheet programs. (For more information on mickeys, see Chapter 5, "The Mouse Interface.") 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 ASSIGN statement 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Use the ASSIGN statement to assign new values to mouse events or mouse sensitivity. ASSIGN is useful if you want to execute different statements or subroutines depending on the mode of an application program or on other conditions that require the mouse to be used differently. Menu Subroutine Statements (MENU, OPTION, MEND) Menu subroutines create single-column popup menus. Single-column menus are bordered menus with a single column of menu items. (Figure 1.1, earlier in this chapter, shows examples of single-column menus.) The user chooses items in the menu by moving the mouse pointer to the desired item, then clicking either mouse button. If the user clicks both mouse buttons at once, the equivalent of a NOTHING statement is executed and the menu disappears. Menu subroutines use this format: label: MENU ["title",row,column,attribute] OPTION ["text",pointer] . . . MEND 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 MENU statement 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 A Menu subroutine begins with a MENU statement that specifies: � The menu's title, enclosed in double quotation marks � The row and column of the screen where the upper-left corner of the menu will appear � The menu's display attribute (for more information, see "Parameters" earlier in this chapter) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 OPTION statement 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 OPTION statements specify the menu items and action when an item is chosen. At least one OPTION statement should be included in each Menu subroutine as an exit point from the menu. The pointer parameter is the label of the statement that is executed when the user chooses that menu item. If no pointer parameter is specified, the equivalent of a NOTHING statement is executed when that item is chosen and the menu disappears. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 MEND statement 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 A MEND (or "menu end") statement always follows the last OPTION statement to end the Menu subroutine. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Sample Menu subroutine 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 This sample Menu subroutine produces the "Inverse Attribute" menu shown in Figure 1.1: menu1: MENU "BASIC Commands",5,20 OPTION "Cancel Menu" OPTION "List",F1 OPTION "Run",F2 OPTION "Load",F3 MEND F1: TYPE 0,59 ;simulate pressing the F1 key F2: TYPE 0,60 ;simulate pressing the F2 key F3: TYPE 0,61 ;simulate pressing the F3 key The menu produced by this subroutine appears at row 5, column 20. Because no attribute was specified, inverse screen characteristics (the default attribute) are used. When the menu appears on the screen, the cursor bar is always on the first menu item (in this case, "Cancel Menu"). If the user chooses "Cancel Menu", the menu disappears because no pointer parameter is specified for that OPTION statement. If the user chooses any other item, the statement identified in the pointer parameter for that OPTION statement is executed. Popup Subroutine Statements (POPUP, TEXT, SELECT, PEND) Popup subroutines are used to create more complex menus or message boxes. Multiple-column menus are used in the same way as single-column menus: the user chooses items by moving the mouse pointer to the item, then clicking either mouse button. Clicking both mouse buttons at once removes the menu from the screen. When the menu first appears on the screen, the highlight is always over the first menu item. Figure 1.2 shows a sample multiple-column menu: �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� � � � Figure 1.2 is found on page 1-11 � � in the printed version of the book. � � � 훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴暠 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 1.2 Multiple-Column Menu Message boxes are simply popup menus that display messages instead of menu items. You can combine Popup subroutines with MATCH statements so that message boxes appear when the program mode changes, or when other conditions cause the screen display to change. Figure 1.3 shows a sample message box: �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� � � � Figure 1.3 is found on page 1-11 � � in the printed version of the book. � � � 훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴暠 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 1.3 Message Box 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Popup subroutine format 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Popup subroutines for multiple-column menus and message boxes use the following format: label: POPUP [row,column,attribute] [TEXT ["text string"]] . . . SELECT [row,col,width,pointer] . . . PEND 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 POPUP statement 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Each Popup subroutine begins with a POPUP statement that specifies: � The row and column of the menu's top-left corner � The menu's display attribute. For more information on display attributes, see "Parameters" earlier in this chapter. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 TEXT statements 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Use TEXT statements to specify the menu title and menu items. Type in the title text, item text, and menu borders exactly as they'll appear on each line of the menu, and enclose them in double quotation marks. You can include ASCII graphics characters, such as "=" or "|", in the borders or item text. The text will be located on the screen relative to the coordinates you specify in the POPUP statement. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 SELECT statements 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Use SELECT statements to define: � The areas in which the user can choose each menu item. Specify the row, column, and width of the selection area, relative to the menu's top- left corner. The relative coordinates of the top-left corner of the popup menu are "1,1". � The statement that is executed when the user chooses an item. As with the OPTION statement for a single-column menu, you specify the label of the statement that is executed. You must include at least one SELECT statement in each Popup subroutine as an exit point. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 PEND statement 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 A PEND (or "popup end") statement always follows the last SELECT statement to end the Popup subroutine. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Sample Popup subroutines 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 This sample Popup subroutine creates the multiple-column menu shown earlier, in Figure 1.2: movmen: popup 2,1 text " ======= CURSOR MOVEMENT ======= " text "| Cancel menu Top of screen |" text "| Screen up Bottom of scrn |" text "| Screen down Start of file |" text "| Previous place End of file |" text " =============================== " select 2,3,15 select 3,3,15,keyctrlr select 4,3,15,keyctrlc select 5,3,15,keyctrlqp select 2,16,15,keyctrlqe select 3,16,15,keyctrlqx select 4,16,15,keyctrlqr select 5,16,15,keyctrlqc pend In this example, the top-left corner of the menu will be at row 2, column 1. Because no attribute parameter is specified, the menu will be displayed using the inverse display attribute. The TEXT statements specify the menu items and their locations relative to the top-left corner. The first item starts at "relative" row 2, column 3 in the menu, but its actual coordinates are row 3, column 3. ASCII graphics characters are used to create solid menu borders. When the menu appears on the screen, the first item (in this case, "Cancel menu") is highlighted. The SELECT statements define the item selection areas. In the first item ("Cancel menu"), "2, 13, 15" define the row, column, and width of the selection area, respectively. Because the SELECT statement for "Cancel menu" does not specify a label for the pointer parameter, the menu will be cleared from the screen if the user chooses "Cancel menu." The other SELECT statements execute the statements named in their pointer parameters. The following sample Popup subroutine creates the message box shown in Figure 1.3: mousehlp: popup 2,1 text " =============== MOUSE HELP =================== " text "| |" text "| Left button - Displays Edit/Block menu |" text "| Right button - Displays Cursor movement menu |" text "| Both buttons - Displays Edit/File menu |" text "| |" text "| Moving the mouse up,down,left, or right will |" text "| cause the cursor to move in that direction. |" text "| |" text " ============================================== " select 1,18,10 pend The POPUP statement defines row 2, column 1 as the top-left-corner coordinates. Because no attribute parameter is specified, "inverse" will be used. The TEXT statements define the message box border and the message text. The single SELECT statement defines an exit point for the menu. Because the message box has only one SELECT statement, the user cannot move the cursor within the message box. Action Statements (EXECUTE, TYPE, NOTHING) Action statements specify what action is taken when the user chooses a menu item, clicks one or both buttons, or moves the mouse. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 EXECUTE statement 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Use the EXECUTE statement to define a series of statements that will be executed when: � The user clicks one or both mouse buttons � The user chooses a menu item � The user moves the mouse � A MATCH statement is executed (see the next section, "String Match Statement") Use statement labels to specify the statements that the EXECUTE statement will carry out. You can specify up to 31 labels for each EXECUTE statement. An EXECUTE statement can carry out another EXECUTE statement to increase the number of statements that are carried out. You can link up to 31 EXECUTE statements in this manner. Here is a sample EXECUTE statement with five labels: exec1: EXECUTE dsk,s,a,s,exec4 This statement executes the statements labeled "dsk", "s", "a", "s", and "exec4". 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 TYPE statement 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Use the TYPE statement to simulate pressing keys on the keyboard. For example, the following TYPE statement simulates pressing the a key: key1: TYPE "a" The following TYPE statement simulates typing the diskcopy a: b: command and pressing the ENTER key: key15: TYPE "diskcopy a: b:",enter You can indicate which key or sequence of keys is simulated in one of three ways: � Use its key name, or a sequence of key names, enclosed in double quotation marks (for example, "A"). � Use the ASCII code for the character on the key (for example, 65 for "A"). You can use extended ASCII codes, ASCII control characters, and extended keyboard scan codes to simulate special keys or key sequences, such as ALT, CONTROL-Q, spacebar, and arrow keys. (See the IBM BASIC manual for a list of ASCII codes. For a list of ASCII control characters and extended keyboard scan codes, see "TYPE" in Chapter 2, "Mouse Menu Language Statements.") � Use its symbolic name. The predefined symbolic keys are "enter", "tab", "backsp", and "esc". Here are sample TYPE statements. The comments indicate which key(s) each statement simulates. Label Code Comments 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� dir: TYPE "dir" ;type the command "dir" a: TYPE "a:" ;type "a:" lf: TYPE 0,75 ;simulate the left arrow key rt: TYPE 0,77 ;simulate the right arrow key up: TYPE 0,72 ;simulate the up arrow key dn: TYPE 0,80 ;simulate the down arrow key s: TYPE 32 ;type a space ent: TYPE enter ;simulate the ENTER key The statements labeled "dir" and "a" simulate typing a character string by enclosing the characters in double quotation marks. The next four statements define the arrow keys using extended keyboard scan codes. The statement labeled "s" simulates the spacebar by using the standard ASCII code. The statement labeled "ent" simulates pressing ENTER by using the symbolic name for the key. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 NOTHING statement 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Use the NOTHING statement to specify that no action is taken. Most often, this statement is used with other statements when you want to disable a parameter. String Match Statement (MATCH) MATCH statements permit a Mouse Menu program to take different actions depending on what is displayed on the screen. A MATCH statement specifies a string of characters, a row and column on the screen, and a display attribute. If a line on the screen matches the specified string, begins at the specified row and column, and appears in the specified display attribute, then the program executes a particular statement. This feature enables a Mouse Menu source program to respond to different operating modes of the application program or screen display. For example, if an application program always displays "COMMAND" on line 22 of the screen when it is in command mode, and displays "ALPHA" in the same place when it is in alphanumeric mode, you can use a MATCH statement to take a different action depending on which mode the application program is in. A MATCH statement uses the following format: MATCH row,column,attribute,string,match,nomatch � The "row" and "column" parameters describe where the "string" parameter must be located on the screen for a match. � The "attribute" parameter indicates how the string must appear on the screen for a match. This parameter can have one of the symbolic values "normal", "bold", or "inverse", or a decimal value that denotes specific foreground and background colors. (For information on the attribute parameter, see "Parameters" earlier in this chapter.) If the attribute parameter is left blank or given the value of 0, all display attributes are matched. � The "match" and "nomatch" parameters are the labels of the statements to be executed if the match is made or not made. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Sample program using MATCH statements 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 The following sample Mouse Menu source program shows how a MATCH statement is used: BEGIN menu1,chna,ent,lf,rt,up,dn . . . chna: MATCH 4,1,normal, "A",ex20,ex19 chnb: MATCH 4,1,normal, "B",ex21,chna chnc: MATCH 4,1,normal, "C",ex19,chna ana: ASSIGN ,chna anb: ASSIGN ,chnb anc: ASSIGN ,chnc ex19: EXECUTE cls,a,ent,ana ;change to A: ex20: EXECUTE cls,b,ent,anb ;change to B: ex21: EXECUTE cls,c,ent,anc ;change to C: ent: TYPE enter cls: TYPE "cls",enter a: TYPE "a:" b: TYPE "b:" c: TYPE "c:" This program changes the active disk when the user clicks the right mouse button. The program follows this procedure: � When the user clicks the right mouse button, the MATCH statement labeled "chna" checks row 4, column 1 on the screen. If it finds an "A" in "normal" display, it executes the statement labeled "ex20". � The "ex20" statement clears the screen, changes the active drive to "B:" and executes the statement labeled "anb", which reassigns the right button parameter to "chnb". � Now if the user clicks the right mouse button, the MATCH statement labeled "chnb" checks row 4, column 1 on the screen. If it finds a "B" in "normal" display, it executes the statement labeled "ex21". � The "ex21" statement clears the screen, changes the active drive to "C:" and executes the statement labeled "anc", which reassigns the right button parameter to "chnc". � Now if the user clicks the right mouse button, the MATCH statement labeled "chnc" checks row 4, column 1 on the screen. If it finds a "C" in "normal" display, it executes the statement labeled "ex19". � The "ex19" statement clears the screen, changes the active drive to "A:" and executes the statement labeled "ana", which reassigns the right button parameter to "chna". The program is now back to step 1. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Creating a Mouse Menu You should now be able to start writing Mouse Menu programs. Follow the procedure below to create a source file and then an executable Mouse Menu program file from the source file. Note The Microsoft Mouse Tools disk that came with this guide includes Mouse Menu source files for some commonly used applications that don't have built-in mouse support (such as WordStar). Use the following procedure to create mouse menus from these source files. To create a mouse menu: 1 Write the Mouse Menu program into a source file using a text editor or word processing program. Save the source file with the filename extension ".DEF". This file is used by the MAKEMENU utility program to generate an executable Mouse Menu program (a .MNU file). Be sure to save the source file as a standard ASCII text file. Most simple editors save files in ASCII by default, but when using a word processing program, such as Microsoft Word, you usually need to select a special "unformatted" option to get ASCII text. If you want to create a mouse menu from one of the source files included on the Microsoft Mouse Tools disk, you can copy the source file and edit the copy to meet your specific needs. Note When a source file is converted to a .MNU file, it must not exceed 57K. 2 Use the MAKEMENU utility to create an executable menu file from the source file. To use MAKEMENU, type makemenu and press ENTER. At the prompt, type the name of the source file (without the ".DEF" extension), then press ENTER. If your file has no errors, MAKEMENU displays this message: Conversion completed and returns you to DOS. The mouse menu is ready to be tested following the procedure given below. If your file has errors, MAKEMENU displays the types of errors and statements containing the errors. (For more information on error messages, see Chapter 4, "Mouse Menu Messages.") Correct the source program and repeat this procedure. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Testing the mouse menu 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 When the Mouse Menu source file has been translated into an executable menu file, it is ready to be tested. Note If, when you ran the Mouse Setup program, you did not specify that the mouse driver should be loaded automatically every time you start DOS, make sure you type mouse to install the mouse driver before you start your menu file. To test the mouse menu: 1 Type menu at the DOS prompt and press ENTER to start the Mouse Menu program. In this command, is the name of the Mouse Menu program file without the .MNU extension. When the Mouse Menu file has been loaded, this message appears: Menu installed 2 Start your application program and try out the menu to ensure that it works under all conditions in your program. If it doesn't work as desired, end the Mouse Menu program by typing menu off at the DOS prompt and pressing ENTER. This message is displayed: Keyboard emulation off Correct the source file, then run the MAKEMENU utility program again. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Running a Mouse Menu Program Follow these steps to run a Mouse Menu program: 1 Use the DOS COPY command to copy the executable Mouse Menu (.MNU) file and the MENU.COM file onto the disk that contains the application program with which you want to use the menu. 2 Type menu to run the Mouse Menu program for the application. In this command, is the name of the Mouse Menu program. Note To start a Mouse Menu program that is not in the current directory, include the path name of the directory that contains the Mouse Menu file. For more information, see the PATH command in your DOS manual. When the Mouse Menu file has been loaded, the following message appears: Menu installed 3 Run the application program according to the instructions in the program's documentation. A Mouse Menu program runs independently of the corresponding application program. You should end the Mouse Menu program you're running and begin another whenever you end one application and begin another. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Ending a Mouse Menu program 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 To end the Mouse Menu program: � Type menu off and press ENTER. This message is displayed: Keyboard emulation off You can then load and run another Mouse Menu program. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Memory allocation for mouse menus 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 MENU.COM can allocate up to 57K of memory for a Mouse Menu program. (The size of MENU.COM (7K) plus the size of the .MNU file cannot exceed 64K.) If the menu file is less than 6K, MENU.COM allocates 6K of memory. If the menu file is greater than 6K, MENU.COM allocates the exact size of the file. Every time you start DOS, the first menu file you load determines the amount of memory reserved for a menu file. If you plan to use more than one mouse menu before restarting your system, first load the .MNU file that requires the greatest amount of memory so that MENU.COM will have allocated enough memory to hold each menu file. 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� 2 Mouse Menu Language Statements This chapter describes in alphabetical order each of the statements used by the Mouse Menu programming language. Each statement description includes: � The statement syntax � A description of each parameter � An example of how to use the statement 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Statement syntax conventions 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 In the syntax diagram for each statement: � The command word appears in capital letters. � Labels appear in small letters. Each label must be separated from the command word by a colon (:) and a space. � Parameters appear in small letters. Each parameter must be separated from other parameters by a comma (,). If a parameter is not used, the statement must include an additional comma where the parameter would have appeared. (For example, if the second parameter in a statement is not used, the statement would include two commas in a row (,,) after the first parameter.) � If a parameter appears in brackets ([]), it is optional. If a parameter does not appear in brackets, it is required. If a parameter appears in double quotation marks (" "), the double quotation marks are required. � If a parameter can appear more than once in a statement, the second occurrence of the parameter is enclosed in brackets and followed by an ellipsis (...). 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� ASSIGN label: ASSIGN [lfbtn],[rtbtn],[btbtn],[lfmot],[rtmot], [upmot],[dnmot],[hsen],[vsen] Description ASSIGN redefines one or more of the mouse parameters given in the BEGIN statement or most recent ASSIGN statement. If a parameter value isn't specified in an ASSIGN statement, the last parameter value given (in either the BEGIN statement or another ASSIGN statement) is used. Statement labels are used for all parameters except "hsen" and "vsen". All ASSIGN statements must be labeled. Parameters lfbtn New label of the first statement executed when the user clicks the left mouse button. rtbtn New label of the first statement executed when the user clicks the right mouse button. btbtn New label of the first statement executed when the user clicks both mouse buttons at once. lfmot New label of the first statement executed when the user moves the mouse to the left. rtmot New label of the first statement executed when the user moves the mouse to the right. upmot New label of the first statement executed when the user moves the mouse forward. dnmot New label of the first statement executed when the user moves the mouse backward. hsen New value of the horizontal movement sensitivity parameter. vsen New value of the vertical movement sensitivity parameter. Example BEGIN esc,ent,mm1,lf,rt,up,dn . . . reassign: ASSIGN y,not,,,,not,not,16,18 In this example, the BEGIN statement assigns the initial values of all button and movement parameters. Because no values are specified for the sensitivity parameters ("vsen" and "hsen"), the default values are used. The ASSIGN statement changes the values of the left button, right button, and up and down movement parameters. (If "Not" were the label of a NOTHING statement, the ASSIGN statement would disable any response to clicking the right mouse button or moving the mouse forward or backward.) It also changes the value of "hsen" to 16 and the value of "vsen" to 18. Commas are used for the parameters whose values aren't changed. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� BEGIN BEGIN [lfbtn],[rtbtn],[btbtn],[lfmot],[rtmot],[upmot], [dnmot],[hsen],[vsen] Description BEGIN defines what actions are taken when the mouse is used. Because BEGIN is always the first statement in a menu source file, it doesn't require a statement label. The parameters for BEGIN define the statements to be executed when the mouse buttons are clicked or the mouse is moved. It also defines the movement sensitivity for the mouse. All parameters are optional. If no value is given for a button or mouse movement parameter, the corresponding function is not used. Note When a Menu subroutine is executed, the parameters for BEGIN do not affect the mouse functions. Either mouse button can be used to choose an item in a menu, and all mouse movement functions are active. Statement labels are required for all parameters except the mouse movement parameters. These are the labels of the statements that are executed when the event governed by each parameter occurs. The movement sensitivity parameters control the horizontal and vertical movement sensitivity of the mouse. Movement sensitivity is the distance the mouse must move (measured in mickeys, the unit of mouse movement) before the on-screen pointer moves. (For more information about mickeys, see Chapter 5, "The Mouse Interface.") Parameters lfbtn Label of the first statement executed when the user clicks the left mouse button. If you don't specify a label, nothing happens when the user clicks the left mouse button. rtbtn Label of the first statement executed when the user clicks the right mouse button. If you don't specify a label, nothing happens when the user clicks the right mouse button. btbtn Label of the first statement executed when the user clicks both mouse buttons. If you don't specify a label, nothing happens when the user clicks both mouse buttons. lfmot Label of the first statement executed when the user moves the mouse to the left. If you don't specify a label, nothing happens when the user moves the mouse to the left. rtmot Label of the first statement executed when the user moves the mouse to the right. If you don't specify a label, nothing happens when the user moves the mouse to the right. upmot Label of the first statement executed when the user moves the mouse forward. If you don't specify a label, nothing happens when the user moves the mouse forward. dnmot Label of the first statement executed when the user moves the mouse backward. If you don't specify a label, nothing happens when the user moves the mouse backward. hsen Number between 0 and 32767 that defines how many mickeys the mouse must move vertically before the on-screen pointer moves. If 0 is specified, the mouse is disabled horizontally. If no value is specified, the default value of 4 mickeys is used. (One mickey is approximately 1/200 inch.) vsen Number between 0 and 32767 that defines how many mickeys the mouse must move vertically before the on-screen pointer moves. If 0 is specified, the mouse is disabled vertically. If no value is specified, the default value of 8 mickeys is used. Example BEGIN ent,esc,,lf,rt,up,dn lf: TYPE 0,75 ;simulate the left cursor key rt: TYPE 0,77 ;simulate the right cursor key up: TYPE 0,72 ;simulate the up cursor key dn: TYPE 0,80 ;simulate the down cursor key esc: TYPE ESC ;simulate the Esc key ent: TYPE ENTER ;simulate the enter key The BEGIN statement in this example gives initial values for all parameters except "btbtn", "hsen", and "vsen". Because "btbtn" isn't specified, nothing happens when the user clicks both mouse buttons. Because no values are given for "hsen" and "vsen", the default values are used (4 and 8 mickeys, respectively). 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� EXECUTE label: EXECUTE statement[,statement...] Description EXECUTE can carry out other statements when one of the following events occurs: � A menu item is selected � The mouse is moved � One or both mouse buttons are clicked � A MATCH statement is executed Each EXECUTE statement may specify up to 31 other statements to be executed. EXECUTE can call other EXECUTE statements to increase the number even further; up to 31 EXECUTE statements can be linked in this manner. Statements within an EXECUTE statement are executed sequentially, starting with the first statement. Parameters label Name of the EXECUTE statement. All EXECUTE statements must be labeled. statement Name(s) of the statement(s) to be executed. Any labeled statement can be used. (Using the calling statement may cause an endless loop.) Example dir: TYPE "dir" ;type dir s: TYPE 32 ;simulate the spacebar ;" " may also be used a: TYPE "A:" ;type A: ent: TYPE ENTER ;simulate the ENTER key exec4: EXECUTE dir,s,a,ent The EXECUTE statement labeled "exec4" executes the statements labeled "dir", "s", "a", and "ent". These statements simulate typing dir A: and pressing ENTER. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� MATCH label: MATCH row,column,attribute,string,match, nomatch Description MATCH executes other statements or subroutines depending on whether or not it finds a specified string in a given screen location. Values for the row and column parameters are given in absolute screen coordinates. The starting coordinates for the screen are in the upper-left corner of the screen (row 1, column 1). Parameters label Name of the MATCH statement. All MATCH statements must be labeled. row A number that specifies the row of the first character of the match string. If no value is specified, row 1 is assigned. column A number that specifies the column of the first character of the match string. If no value is specified, column 1 is assigned. attribute A value that specifies how the match string must appear on the screen for a match to occur. This can be one of the symbolic values "normal", "bold", or "inverse", or a decimal value that denotes specific foreground and background colors. (For more information, see "Parameters" in Chapter 1, "Creating Your Own Mouse Menu.") If the attribute parameter is left blank or given the value of 0, the MATCH statement matches any attribute value. string The string to match. This can be any string of up to 255 ASCII characters, enclosed in double quotation marks (""). You must specify the string parameter. match Label of a statement or subroutine executed if the string is matched. This label must be present in the program. nomatch Label of a statement or subroutine executed if the string is not matched. This label must be present in the program. Example BEGIN leftb,rightb,bothb,mousel,mouser,mouseu,moused,16,40 leftb: MATCH 1,12,normal,"e",imen,chk33 chk33: MATCH 1,12,,"n",imen,chkl chkl: MATCH 1,11,,":",emen,not imen: POPUP 2,1 . . . PEND emen: POPUP 2,1 . . . PEND not: NOTHING This sample from the WS.DEF menu source file checks whether WordStar is displaying the BEGINNING MENU or the MAIN MENU. When the user clicks the left mouse button: � The MATCH statement labeled "leftb" looks for an "e" at row 1, column 12. This is the first character in the string "editing no file", which is on the screen in that position if WordStar version 3.2 is displaying the BEGINNING MENU. If "leftb" finds the "e" in that position, it executes the statement labeled "imen". (In WS.DEF, "imen" displays the NO-FILE popup menu for WordStar.) If "leftb" doesn't find the "e" in that position, it executes the statement labeled "chk33". � The "chk33" statement looks for the letter "n" at row 1, column 12. This is the first character in the string "not editing", which is on the screen in that position if WordStar version 3.3 is displaying the BEGINNING MENU. If "chk33" finds the "n" in that position, it executes the statement labeled "imen". (In WS.DEF, "imen" displays the NO-FILE popup menu for WordStar.) If "chk33" doesn't find the "n" in that position, it executes the statement labeled "chkl". � The "chkl" statement looks for a colon (:) after the disk drive identifier in the first line of the WordStar MAIN MENU display. If "chkl" finds a colon, it executes the statement labeled "emen". (In WS.DEF, "emen" displays the EDIT/BLOCK popup menu.) If "chkl" doesn't find a colon, the menu program does nothing. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� MENU...MEND label: MENU ["title"],[row],[column],[attribute] . . . MEND Description The MENU statement is the first statement in a Menu subroutine. A Menu subroutine creates a single-column popup menu. (For an example of the format of a Menu subroutine, see "Menu Sub-routine Statements" in Chapter 1, "Creating Your Own Mouse Menu.") Menus created with a Menu subroutine are bordered, single-column menus. The specific dimensions of a menu are determined by the number of items in a menu and the largest number of characters in either the longest menu item or the menu title. When the menu is displayed, the first menu item (if any) is highlighted. The user chooses any menu item by moving the mouse until that item is highlighted, then clicking either mouse button. If the user clicks both mouse buttons, the equivalent of a NOTHING statement is executed and the menu disappears. The MEND ("menu end") statement indicates the end of a Menu subroutine. Each Menu subroutine must have a MEND statement. MEND statements are not labeled. Parameters label Name of the Menu subroutine. All Menu subroutines must be labeled. title Text of the menu title, enclosed in double quotation marks (" "). The menu title is limited to one line above the rest of the menu. If you don't specify a title, a blank line is used. row A number that specifies the row where the top-left corner of the menu appears. Be sure to specify a value that allows the entire menu to be displayed. (For example, if the menu contains 20 items and you choose a row value greater than 5, then some of the screen items will not be displayed on the 25-row screen.) If you don't specify a row, the top-left corner is in row 1. column A number that specifies the column where the top-left corner of the menu appears. If you don't specify a column, the top-left corner is in column 1. attribute A value that specifies how the menu is displayed on the screen. This can be "normal", "bold", or "inverse", or a decimal value that specifies particular foreground and background colors. (For more information, see "Parameters" in Chapter 1, "Creating Your Own Mouse Menu.") If you don't specify a value, inverse is used. The colors of the mouse pointer depend on the display attribute value for the menu. (For detailed information on how the interaction between the mouse pointer and menu display determine the colors of the pointer, see "Graphics Cursor" in Chapter 5, "The Mouse Interface.") Example menu1: MENU "Display Directory",5,5,normal OPTION "Cancel" OPTION "A:",ex1 OPTION "B:",ex2 OPTION "C:",ex3 MEND ex1: EXECUTE dir,s,a,ent ;dir A: ex2: EXECUTE dir,s,b,ent ;dir B: ex3: EXECUTE dir,s,c,ent ;dir C: ent: TYPE 13 ;simulate the enter key dir: TYPE "dir" ;type dir a: TYPE "A:" ;type A: b: TYPE "B:" ;type B: c: TYPE "C:" ;type C: s: TYPE 32 ;type a space In this example, the MENU statement uses all four parameters. The menu title is "Display Directory". The top-left column of the menu is in row 5, column 5. The menu is displayed with a normal screen attribute. The OPTION statements specify which statements are executed when the user chooses items from the menu. (For more information about the OPTION statement, see "OPTION" later in this chapter.) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� NOTHING label: NOTHING Description Use the NOTHING statement to specify that no action is taken when the user clicks a mouse button, moves the mouse, or chooses a menu option, or when a MATCH statement is executed. A NOTHING statement must be labeled. Example rightb: MATCH 1,11,NORMAL, ":",movmen,nul . . . movmen: POPUP 2,1 TEXT "======= CURSOR MOVEMENT ======" . . . nul: NOTHING This example from the WS.DEF Mouse Menu program determines which popup menu is displayed when the user clicks the right mouse button. � If the MATCH statement finds the specified character, it executes the statement labeled "movmen" to display the CURSOR MOVEMENT popup menu. � If the MATCH statement doesn't find the specified character, it executes the NOTHING statement labeled "nul", and the Mouse Menu program does nothing. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� OPTION [label:] OPTION [text],[pointer] Description OPTION statements define each menu item in a Menu subroutine. OPTION parameters define the text of the menu item and what happens when the user chooses the menu item. OPTION statements are usually not labeled, although they can be. If they are labeled, the MAKEMENU program ignores the labels when assembling the source program. Parameters text Legend text for the menu item. The legend text must be enclosed in double quotation marks (" "). If you don't specify legend text for a menu item, the menu displays a blank line for that item. pointer Label of the statement that is executed when the user chooses the menu item. If you don't include a pointer parameter, the menu is cleared from the screen when the user chooses the menu item. (For example, you'd leave out the pointer parameter for a "cancel menu" item.) Example menu5: MENU "Format",5,5,normal OPTION "Cancel" OPTION "A:",ex16 OPTION "B:",ex17 OPTION "C:",ex18 MEND This example shows OPTION statements that define four menu items. If the user chooses the first menu item, the menu is cleared from the screen because the OPTION statement has no pointer parameter. If the user chooses any other menu item, the specified statement is executed. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� POPUP...PEND label: POPUP [row],[column],[attribute] . . . PEND Description The POPUP statement is the first statement in a Popup subroutine. A Popup subroutine creates a multiple-column menu or a message box. (For an example of the format of a Popup subroutine, see "Popup Subroutine Statements" in Chapter 1, "Creating Your Own Mouse Menu.")Dp The PEND ("popup end") statement indicates the end of a Popup subroutine. Each Popup subroutine must have a PEND statement. PEND statements are not labeled. Parameters label Name of the Popup subroutine. All POPUP statements must be labeled. row A number that specifies the row where the top-left corner of the menu or message box appears. Be sure to specify a value that allows the entire menu or message box to be displayed. (For example, if the menu or message box takes up 20 lines and you choose a row value greater than 5, then some of the screen items will not be displayed on the 25-row screen.) If you don't specify a row, the top-left corner is in row 1. column A number that specifies the column where the top-left corner of the menu or message box appears. If you don't specify a column, the top-left corner is in column 1. attribute A value that specifies how the menu is displayed on the screen. This can be "normal", "bold", or "inverse", or a decimal value that specifies particular foreground and background colors. (For more information, see "Parameters" in Chapter 1, "Creating Your Own Mouse Menu.") If you don't specify a value, inverse is used. The colors of the mouse pointer depend on the display attribute value for the menu. (For detailed information on how the interaction between the mouse pointer and menu display determine the colors of the pointer, see "Graphics Cursor" in Chapter 5, "The Mouse Interface.") Examples This example from the VC.DEF Mouse Menu program is a Popup subroutine for a multiple-column menu: DELETE: POPUP 2,1,inverse TEXT "Delete: Row Column " SELECT 1,9,3,DR SELECT 1,13,6,DC PEND DR: TYPE "/dr" DC: TYPE "/dc" The POPUP statement defines the top-left corner of the menu as row 2, column 1. The menu contains the menu title and the menu items on the same line, as shown by the single TEXT statement. The two SELECT statements define the item selection areas. (For more information about SELECT and TEXT, see "SELECT" and "TEXT" later in this chapter.) This example from the WS.DEF Mouse Menu program is a Popup subroutine for a message box: mousehlp: popup 2,1 text " =============== MOUSE HELP =================== " text "| |" text "| Left button - Displays Edit/Block menu |" text "| Right button - Displays Cursor movement menu |" text "| Both buttons - Displays Edit/File menu |" text "| |" text "| Moving the mouse up,down,left, or right will |" text "| cause the cursor to move in that direction. |" text "| |" text " ============================================== " select 1,18,10 pend In this example, ASCII graphics characters are used to create solid double borders for the menu. The single SELECT statement is used to clear the message box from the screen. (Since the label for an executable statement is not included in the SELECT statement, clicking a mouse button simply clears the message box from the screen.) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� SELECT SELECT row,column,width[,pointer] Description The SELECT statement is used in Popup subroutines to define selection areas for items on the menu. It also specifies which statement is executed if the cursor is in the defined area. The defined area does not have to contain any text. (For more information about the TEXT statement, see "TEXT" later in this chapter.) SELECT statements do not have labels. Note The highlight in a menu or message box jumps from one defined selection area to another when the user moves the mouse. It is a good idea to define each part of a menu with a SELECT statement so that the movement of the highlight and the mouse are visually coordinated. However, make sure you don't define the same screen position with more than one SELECT statement. Parameters row A number that defines the horizontal starting point (row) of the item selection area. The defined area is relative to the "row" and "column" coordinates specified in the POPUP statement. column A number that defines the vertical starting point (column) of the item selection area. The defined area is relative to the "row" and "column" coordinates specified in the POPUP statement. width The number of characters in the item selection area. If you don't specify a number, one character is assumed. pointer Label of the statement executed when the user chooses the menu item. If a pointer parameter isn't included, the menu is cleared from the screen. Examples For examples of how to use SELECT statements, see "Popup Subroutine Statements" in Chapter 1, "Creating Your Own Mouse Menu" and "POPUP...PEND" earlier in this chapter. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� TEXT TEXT "string" Description TEXT is used in Popup subroutines to define the menu title and the legend text for menu items. It is similar to the "title" and "text" parameters in the MENU and OPTION statements, but allows text to be placed anywhere on the screen below and to the right of the upper-left corner specified for the popup menu. Parameter string Defines the popup menu title or the legend text of a menu item. Text may include ASCII graphics characters. All text must be enclosed in double quotation marks (" "). Text location on the screen is relative to the top-left corner of the popup menu. Text display attributes are determined by the attribute parameter in the POPUP statement. Examples For examples of how to use TEXT statements, see "Popup Subroutine Statements" in Chapter 1, "Creating Your Own Mouse Menu," and "POPUP...PEND" earlier in this chapter. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� TYPE label: TYPE key [,key...] Description A TYPE statement simulates typing one or more key- strokes. Keys are specified by enclosing the keystroke(s) in double quotation marks, using the ASCII code that corresponds to the key(s), using a predefined symbolic key name, or, for certain special-function keys, using the key's extended keyboard scan code. Note All keys specified in the TYPE statement are inserted into a keyboard buffer when the menu program is running and are not output as keystrokes until the menu program becomes inactive. Parameters label Name of the TYPE statement. Every TYPE statement must be labeled. key Name of the key. It can be: � A single letter or number enclosed in double quotation marks (" "), or a sequence of keystrokes enclosed in double quotation marks (such as "dir") � A standard ASCII code (characters 0 through 127), or an extended ASCII code (characters 128 through 255) � An extended keyboard scan code � Any of the following predefined symbolic keys: "enter", "tab", "backsp", "esc". Note If you want to simulate typing a quotation mark ("), use ASCII code 34. The ASCII control characters (0 through 31) and extended keyboard scan codes that you can use with the TYPE statement are listed after the examples below. Refer to the IBM BASIC manual for a complete list of ASCII character codes. Examples These TYPE statements use character strings to define the keystrokes: dir: TYPE "dir" ;type the command "dir" a: TYPE "a:" ;type "a:" This TYPE statement uses an ASCII code to simulate typing a space: s: TYPE 32 ;type a space These TYPE statements use extended keyboard scan codes to simulate the arrow keys: lf: TYPE 0,75 ;simulate the left arrow key rt: TYPE 0,77 ;simulate the right arrow key up: TYPE 0,72 ;simulate the up arrow key dn: TYPE 0,80 ;simulate the down arrow key ASCII Control Characters and Extended Keyboard Scan Codes This section lists the functions of the ASCII control characters and the extended keyboard scan codes when used with the TYPE statement. (See the IBM BASIC manual for a complete list of ASCII codes.) It also lists the key sequences that cannot be simulated using the TYPE statement. Note The output characteristics listed for particular key functions are for a mouse menu running at the DOS level. A standard application may not interpret all keyboard operations in the same way. Applications that reprogram or directly access the keyboard, or bypass the DOS system facilities for keyboard input, may not function correctly with mouse menus. ASCII Control Characters The following table lists the function of each ASCII control character when used with the TYPE statement: ASCII Key ASCII Key code equivalent code equivalent 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 0 none 16 CONTROL-P 1 CONTROL-A 17 CONTROL-Q 2 CONTROL-B 18 CONTROL-R 3 CONTROL-C 19 CONTROL-S 4 CONTROL-D 20 CONTROL-T 5 CONTROL-E 21 CONTROL-U 6 CONTROL-F 22 CONTROL-V 7 CONTROL-G 23 CONTROL-W 8 backspace 24 CONTROL-X 9 horizontal tab 25 CONTROL-Y 10 line feed 26 CONTROL-Z 11 CONTROL-K 27 ESCAPE 12 CONTROL-L 28 CONTROL- 13 carriage return 29 CONTROL-] 14 CONTROL-N 30 CONTROL-^ 15 CONTROL-O 31 Control-_ Extended Keyboard Scan Codes Extended keyboard scan codes have two components: a character code (which is always 0) and a scan code (for example, "0,75"). The tables below list the scan codes you can use with the TYPE statement and the character code 0 to simulate specific keystrokes. (Standard or extended ASCII characters cannot be used as extended keyboard scan codes.) Keystroke(s) Scan code 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� HOME 71 CONTROL-HOME 119 up arrow key 72 down arrow key 80 left arrow key 75 CONTROL-left arrow key 115 right arrow key 77 CONTROL-right arrow key 116 END 79 CONTROL-END 117 PAGEUP 73 CONTROL-PAGEUP 132 PAGEDOWN 81 CONTROL-PAGEDOWN 118 CONTROL-PRINTSCREEN 114 INSERT 82 DELETE 83 SHIFT-TAB 15 露컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴코컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴코컴컴캠 Scan Scan Keystroke(s) code Keystroke(s) code 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Scan Scan Keystroke(s) code Keystroke(s) code 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� F1 59 ALT-0 129 F2 60 ALT-1 120 F3 61 ALT-2 121 F4 62 ALT-3 122 F5 63 ALT-4 123 F6 64 ALT-5 124 F7 65 ALT-6 125 F8 66 ALT-7 126 F9 67 ALT-8 127 F10 68 ALT-9 128 SHIFT-F1 (F11) 84 ALT-- 130 SHIFT-F2 (F12) 85 ALT-= 131 SHIFT-F3 (F13) 86 ALT-A 30 SHIFT-F4 (F14) 87 ALT-B 48 SHIFT-F5 (F15) 88 ALT-C 46 SHIFT-F6 (F16) 89 ALT-D 32 SHIFT-F7 (F17) 90 ALT-E 18 SHIFT-F8 (F18) 91 ALT-F 33 Scan Scan Keystroke(s) code Keystroke(s) code SHIFT-F8 (F18) 91 ALT-F 33 SHIFT-F9 (F19) 92 ALT-G 34 SHIFT-F10 (F20) 93 ALT-H 35 CONTROL-F1 (F21) 94 ALT-I 23 CONTROL-F2 (F22) 95 ALT-J 36 CONTROL-F3 (F23) 96 ALT-K 37 CONTROL-F4 (F24) 97 ALT-L 38 CONTROL-F5 (F25) 98 ALT-M 50 CONTROL-F6 (F26) 99 ALT-N 49 CONTROL-F7 (F27) 100 ALT-O 24 CONTROL-F8 (F28) 101 ALT-P 25 CONTROL-F9 (F29) 102 ALT-Q 16 CONTROL-F10 (F30) 103 ALT-R 19 ALT-F1 (F31) 104 ALT-S 31 ALT-F2 (F32) 105 ALT-T 20 ALT-F3 (F33) 106 ALT-U 22 ALT-F4 (F34) 107 ALT-V 47 ALT-F5 (F35) 108 ALT-W 17 ALT-F6 (F36) 109 ALT-X 45 Scan Scan Keystroke(s) code Keystroke(s) code ALT-F6 (F36) 109 ALT-X 45 ALT-F7 (F37) 110 ALT-Y 21 ALT-F8 (F38) 111 ALT-Z 44 ALT-F9 (F39) 112 ALT-F10 (F40) 113 Key Sequences That Cannot Be Simulated Some key sequences cannot be simulated using the TYPE statement because they are suppressed in the ROM (Read-Only Memory) BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) keyboard routine. These include the following key combinations: SHIFT-PRINTSCREEN ALT-BACKSPACE ALT-ESCAPE ALT plus one of the following characters: [ ] ; ' � , . / * ALT plus one of the following keys: ENTER, CONTROL, SHIFT, CAPS LOCK, NUM LOCK, SCROLL LOCK ALT plus one of the arrow keys CONTROL plus one of the following characters: 1 3 4 5 7 8 9 0 = ; ' � , . / CONTROL plus one of the following keys: TAB, SHIFT, CAPS LOCK, NUM LOCK CONTROL-BREAK CONTROL-ALT-DELETE CONTROL plus one of the arrow keys CONTROL-INSERT 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� 3 Sample Mouse Menu Programs This chapter includes the source program listings for two basic Mouse Menu programs that simplify some of the tasks commonly performed on an IBM PC or compatible computer: � The SIMPLE Mouse Menu program allows you to simulate pressing the ENTER, ESCAPE, INSERT, and arrow keys by either clicking or moving the mouse. � The DOSOVRLY Mouse Menu program allows you to execute simple DOS commands by using the mouse to choose the commands from a menu rather than typing them on the keyboard. You can type the source program listing for either mouse menu into a source file, run MAKEMENU to generate an executable Mouse Menu file, then start using the mouse menu immediately. Or you may want to use these listings as a basis for designing similar mouse menus that include additional features specific to your needs. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� SIMPLE Mouse Menu Program The SIMPLE Mouse Menu allows you to use the mouse instead of typing a few commonly used keys. It is most helpful when used with applications that require frequent use of the arrow keys. For example, in many spreadsheet applications you must press the arrow keys on your keyboard to move the cursor on the screen. If the SIMPLE Mouse Menu is installed, you can move the cursor on the screen by simply moving the mouse on your desk top. In addition, clicking the left mouse button is equivalent to pressing the ENTER key, clicking the right mouse button simulates pressing the ESCAPE key, and clicking both mouse buttons at once is the same as pressing the INSERT key. If your application does not use one of these keys, and you click the corresponding mouse button(s) by accident, the application will respond as if you had typed the key on the keyboard. You can correct the mistake as you would any typing error. SIMPLE Mouse Menu Source Program ; A menu to simulate arrow, enter, escape, ; and insert keys ; ; begin ent,es,ins,lf,rt,up,dn,32,16 ; ent: type enter es: type esc ins: type 0,82 ; lf: type 0,75 rt: type 0,77 up: type 0,72 dn: type 0,80 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� DOSOVRLY Mouse Menu Program The DOSOVRLY Mouse Menu allows you to choose several commonly used DOS commands at the DOS command level by simply pointing to an option on a menu and clicking the mouse. In other words, this mouse menu "overlays" DOS. In addition to a main menu, the DOSOVRLY Mouse Menu program has two submenus, "Directory" and "Change Directory," which each list additional DOS commands. The source program for DOSOVRLY is a good example of how you might create a hierarchy of menus and submenus in one of your own Mouse Menu programs. The DOSOVRLY Mouse Menu provides several features that are useful at the DOS command level: � Moving the mouse left and right simulates pressing the left and right arrow keys. This allows you to edit your DOS commands by just moving the mouse. � Clicking the right mouse button simulates pressing the ENTER key. � Clicking both mouse buttons at once simulates typing cls, the DOS command for clearing the screen. � Clicking the left mouse button displays the DOSOVRLY main menu. Options on this menu allow you to clear the screen, execute the DATE or TIME command, or choose "DIRECTORY" or "CHANGE DIRECTORY" to view the corresponding submenus of DOS commands. To select a menu option, move the highlight to the option, then click either mouse button. From within a submenu, you can choose an option to move to the other submenu or click the left mouse button to return to the main menu. Note In the DOSOVRLY source program, the lb, rb, bb, lm, and rm parameters specified in the BEGIN statement are labels for EXECUTE statements. These EXECUTE statements branch off to the appropriate TYPE statements. This format demonstrates how you can use the EXECUTE statement in your Mouse Menu programs. This program could be simplified by branching directly from the BEGIN statement to the TYPE statements using: BEGIN mnu1,return,cls,left,right DOSOVRLY Mouse Menu Source Program BEGIN lb,rb,bb,lm,rm lb: execute mnu1 ; main menu if left button rb: execute return ; type enter if right button bb: execute cls ; type CLS if both buttons lm: execute left ; left arrow if left motion rm: execute right ; right arrow if right motion ; mnu1: MENU "Main Menu",2,55,NORMAL option "cancel ",none option "clear the screen ",cls option "date ",date option "time ",time option "DIRECTORY ",mnu3 option "CHANGE DIRECTORY ",mnu2 MEND ; mnu2: MENU "Change Directory",2,55,NORMAL option "cancel ",none option "cd .. ",cd1 option "cd ",cd2 option "DIRECTORY ",mnu3 option "MAIN MENU ",mnu1 MEND ; mnu3: MENU "Directory",2,55,NORMAL option "cancel ",none option "dir ",dir option "dir *.exe ",dire option "dir *.bat ",dirb option "dir *.bak ",dirx option "dir *.sys ",dirs option "dir *.doc ",dird option "dir *. ",dirz option "CHANGE DIRECTORY ",mnu2 option "MAIN MENU ",mnu1 MEND ; none: nothing ; do nothing ; return: type enter cls: type "cls",enter left: type 0,75 ; left arrow right: type 0,77 ; right arrow date: type "date",enter time: type "time",enter cd1: type "cd ..",enter cd2: type "cd dir: type "dir",enter dire: type "dir *.exe",enter dirb: type "dir *.bat",enter dirx: type "dir *.bak",enter dirs: type "dir *.sys",enter dird: type "dir *.doc",enter dirz: type "dir *." 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� 4 Mouse Menu Messages This chapter lists the messages that the MENU and MAKEMENU programs can display, along with descriptions of possible causes and what actions you may take in response to them. Conversion completed � The MAKEMENU program finished creating an executable menu file. No action is required. The DOS system prompt appears after MAKEMENU displays this message. Error--Invalid statement: xxxx � Either the statement had no label, the statement's label didn't end with a colon (:), or the statement had an invalid parameter or syntax error. Make sure that all statements (except the BEGIN statement and statements within Menu and Popup subroutines) are labeled. Make sure that all labels are followed by a colon. Check the statement syntax for correct use of commas and spaces. Error--Label already used: label � The same label was used to name more than one statement. Make sure that labels are unique for each statement. Error--Label not found: xxxx � A label specified for a parameter did not exist. Make sure that the statements have labels and that the labels are correct. Illegal function call at address xxxxxx � A TYPE or EXECUTE statement had too many parameters, a SELECT statement defined the item selection area outside of the menu, or a SELECT or an OPTION statement had quotation marks placed incorrectly. Use the correct number of parameters, redefine the item selection area, or ensure that double quotation marks are used correctly to designate text strings. Keyboard emulation off � The Mouse Menu program is no longer running. No action is required. Keyboard emulation on � The Mouse Menu program is running. No action is required. Menu installed � You started up a Mouse Menu program, and it is running. No action is required. Use the mouse menu as usual. Name of file to convert: � You typed "makemenu" to create an executable Mouse Menu file. Type in a Mouse Menu filename without the ".DEF" extension. 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� Designing Mouse Interfaces This section provides the technical information you need to design a mouse interface for one of your own application programs. To build mouse support into your program, you'll include calls to a set of mouse functions. You can make mouse function calls from the BASIC interpreter, from assembly- language programs, and from programs in high-level languages such as Microsoft QuickBASIC, Pascal, FORTAN, and C. Chapter 5, "The Mouse Interface," describes the interface between the computer screen and the Microsoft Mouse software. Chapter 6, "Mouse Function Descriptions," describes the input, output, and operation of each function call your program can make to the mouse driver. Chapter 7, "Making Mouse Function Calls," describes how to make mouse function calls from interpreted BASIC, assembly, and high-level-language programs. It also includes the source listing for the Piano demonstration program that came in your Microsoft Mouse package, and explains how to specify eight mouse cursor shapes. Chapter 8, "Writing Mouse Programs for IBM EGA Modes," explains how to use the Microsoft EGA Register Interface when your program includes mouse support for IBM enhanced graphics modes D, E, F, and 10. 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� 5 The Mouse Interface This chapter describes the interface between the mouse software and the IBM PC. In particular, it discusses how the mouse software uses certain features of the computer to create a cursor on the screen and control its movement. This chapter talks about: � Screen modes � The virtual screen � Graphics and text cursors � Mouse buttons � The mouse unit of distance: the mickey � The internal cursor flag Since many of the mouse functions use the interface, it is important for you to read the following sections carefully and understand them before you use the functions in application programs. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Screen Modes The screen mode defines the number of pixels (points of light) on the screen and the types of objects that appear on the screen. The available screen modes depend on the adapter in your computer. These screen modes and the adapters on which they are supported are listed in the table on the next page. (Specific information about each screen mode is given in the documentation for each adapter.) Virtual Bits/Pixel Screen Display Screen Cell (Graphics Mode Adapter (X x Y) Size Modes) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 0 C,E,3270 640 x 200 16 x 8 - 1 C,E,3270 640 x 200 16 x 8 - 2 C,E,3270 640 x 200 8 x 8 - 3 C,E,3270 640 x 200 8 x 8 - 4 C,E,3270 640 x 200 2 x 1 2 5 C,E,3270 640 x 200 2 x 1 2 6 C,E,3270 640 x 200 1 x 1 1 7 M,E,3270 640 x 200 8 x 8 - D E 640 x 200 16 x 8 2 E E 640 x 200 1 x 1 1 F E 640 x 350 1 x 1 1 10 E 640 x 350 1 x 1 1 30 3270 720 x 350 1 x 1 1 - H 720 x 348 1 x 1 1 Display adapters: M = IBM Monochrome Display/Printer Adapter C = IBM Color/Graphics Monitor Adapter E = IBM Enhanced Graphics Adapter 3270 = IBM All Points Addressable Graphics Adapter (3270 PC) H = Hercules Monochrome Graphics Card 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� The Virtual Screen The mouse software operates on the computer screen as if it were a virtual screen of individual points arranged in a matrix of horizontal and vertical points. The "Virtual Screen" column in the table above gives the number of horizontal and vertical points in the matrix for each supported screen mode. Whenever interrupt 10h is called to change the screen mode, the mouse software intercepts the call and determines which virtual screen to use. The mouse software also reads the screen mode and chooses the appropriate virtual screen whenever mouse function 0 is called to reset default parameter values in the mouse software. Regardless of the screen mode, the software uses a pair of virtual- screen coordinates to locate an object on the screen. Each pair of coordinates defines a point on the virtual screen. The horizontal coordinate is given first. Many mouse functions take virtual-screen coordinates as input or return them as output. Whenever you refer to a pixel or character in a mouse function, make sure that the horizontal and vertical coordinates are the correct values for the given screen mode. The mouse functions always return correct values for the given screen mode. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Graphics modes 6, E, F, 10, and 30 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 In graphics modes 6, E, F, 10, and 30, and for the Hercules graphics display modes, each point in the virtual screen has a one-to-one correspondence with each pixel on the screen. In these modes, the full range of coordinates in the "Virtual Screen" column is permitted. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Graphics modes 4 and 5 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 In graphics modes 4 and 5, the screen has half the number of pixels that it has in the other graphics modes. To compensate, the mouse software uses only even-numbered horizontal coordinates. This means that every other point in the virtual screen corresponds to a pixel. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Text modes 2, 3, and 7 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 In text modes 2, 3, and 7, only characters are permitted on the screen. Each character is an 8-by-8-pixel group (see the "Cell Size" column in the table). Because the mouse software cannot access the individual pixels in a character, it uses the coordinates of the pixel in the upper-left corner of the cell for the character's location. Since each character is an 8-by-8- pixel group, both the horizontal and vertical coordinates are multiples of eight. For example, the character in the upper-left corner of the screen has the coordinates (0,0), and the character immediately to the right of it has the coordinates (8,0). 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Text modes 0 and 1 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 In text modes 0 and 1, as in text modes 2, 3, and 7, only characters are permitted on the screen. Each character is a 16-by-8-pixel group (see "Cell Size" in the table). The mouse software uses the coordinates of just one pixel in a character for the character's location. However, the screen has only half as many pixels as in modes 2, 3, and 7. To compensate, the mouse software uses horizontal coordinates that are multiples of 16. For example, the character in the upper-left corner of the screen has the coordinates (0,0), and the character immediately to the right of it has the coordinates (16,0). 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Graphics and Text Cursors The mouse has three different cursors: � The graphics cursor is a shape (for example, an arrow) that moves over the images on the screen. � The software text cursor is a character attribute (for example, an underscore) that moves from character to character on the screen. � The hardware text cursor is a flashing block, half-block, or underscore that moves from character to character on the screen. The mouse software supports only one of these cursors on the screen at any time. In your application program, you can choose which cursor is on the screen, and even switch back and forth between cursors. Mouse functions 9 and 10 permit you to define the characteristics of these cursors in your application program. You can define the characteristics yourself, or use the characteristics of the sample cursors provided. For more information about the sample cursors, see Chapter 7, "Making Mouse Function Calls." The following paragraphs describe the cursors in detail. Graphics Cursor The graphics cursor, used when the computer is in one of the graphics modes, is a block of pixels. � In modes 6, E, F, 10, and 30, and for the Hercules Monochrome Graphics Card, it is 256 pixels in a 16-by-16-pixel square. � In modes 4 and 5, it is 128 pixels in an 8-by-16-pixel square. As the mouse moves, the block moves over the screen and interacts with the pixels directly under it. This interaction creates the cursor shape and background. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Screen mask and cursor mask 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 The interaction between the cursor points and screen pixels is defined by two 16-by-16-bit arrays: the screen mask and the cursor mask. � The screen mask determines whether the cursor pixel is part of the shape or background. � The cursor mask determines how the pixel under the cursor contributes to the color of the cursor. In your application program, you can specify the shapes of the screen mask and cursor mask by defining them as arrays and passing these arrays as parameters in a call to mouse function 9. (For more information, see the description of function 9 in Chapter 6, "Mouse Function Descriptions.") The interactions between the screen mask and the cursor mask differ somewhat between graphics modes 4, 5, 6, F, and 30 and the IBM Enhanced Graphics Adapter graphics modes E and 10. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Modes 4, 5, 6, F, and 30, and the Hercules Graphics Card 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 In modes 6, F, and 30, and for the Hercules Graphics Card, each bit in the masks corresponds to a pixel in the cursor block. In modes 4 and 5, each pair of bits corresponds to a pixel. To create the cursor, the mouse software operates on the data in the computer's screen memory that defines the color of each pixel on the screen. First, the software logically ANDs the screen mask with the 256 bits of data that define the pixels under the cursor. Then, it logically XORs the cursor mask with the result of the AND operation. The following table shows how these operations affect the individual screen bits: If the screen And the cursor The resulting mask bit is mask bit is screen bit is 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 unchanged 1 1 inverted In modes 6, F, and 30, and for the Hercules Graphics Card, each screen bit defines the color of a single pixel. Therefore, one bit in the screen mask and one bit in the cursor mask define the pixel's color when the cursor is over it. For example, if the first bit in the screen mask is 1 and the first bit in the cursor mask is 0, then the upper-left corner of the cursor block is transparent. In modes 4 and 5, each pair of screen bits defines the color of a pixel. Therefore, a pair of bits in the screen mask and a pair in the cursor mask define a pixel's color. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Modes E and 10 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 In EGA four-plane modes E and 10, as in modes 6, F, and 30, each bit in the screen mask and cursor mask corresponds to a pixel in the cursor block. The cursor mask and screen mask are stored in off-screen memory. Each plane has its own cursor mask and screen mask. Therefore, for each plane, the "resulting screen bit" in the table on the previous page is actually the bit used in the color table lookup on the EGA. In modes E and 10, the mouse driver automatically sets the write mask register on the EGA to all 1s. Therefore, when your application program calls mouse function 9 to set the cursor shape, the cursor pixels may be either black, white, transparent, or inverted. The mouse driver does not support color cursors in modes E and 10. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Graphics cursor "hot spot" 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Whenever a mouse function refers to the graphics cursor location, it gives the point on the virtual screen that lies directly under the cursor's hot spot. The hot spot is the point in the cursor block that the mouse software uses to determine the cursor coordinates. You can define the hot spot in the cursor block by passing the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the point to mouse function 9. The coordinates can be within the range -16 to 16; however, in modes 4 and 5, the horizontal coordinate must be an even number. In all graphics modes, the coordinates are relative to the upper-left corner of the cursor block. Software Text Cursor The software text cursor is used when the computer is in one of the text modes. The text cursor affects how characters appear on the screen. Unlike the graphics cursor, the text cursor usually does not have a shape of its own. Instead, it changes the character attributes (such as foreground and background color, intensity, and underscoring) of the character directly under it. If the cursor does have a shape of its own, it is one of the 256 characters in the ASCII character set. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Screen mask and cursor mask 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 The effect of the text cursor on the character under it is defined by two 16-bit values called the screen mask and the cursor mask. � The screen mask determines which of the character's attributes are preserved. � The cursor mask determines how these attributes are changed to yield the cursor. To create the cursor, the mouse software operates on the data that defines each character on the screen. The software first logically ANDs the screen mask and the 16 bits of screen data for the character under the cursor. It then logically XORs the cursor mask and the result of the AND operation. The 16 bits of screen data for each character take the following form: 15 � 14 12 � 11 � 10 8 � 7 0 � 컴컴컴탠컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컵컴컴탠컴컴컴컴컴컴컴탠컴컴컴컴컴컴캑 b � bckgd � i � foregd � char � � � � � � 컴컴컴좔컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컨컴컴좔컴컴컴컴컴컴컴좔컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 odd address (M+1) even address (M) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 5.1 Screen Data for Character In Figure 5.1: Bit(s) Purpose 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 15 (b) Sets blinking or nonblinking character 1214 (bckgd) Set the background color 11 (i) Sets high intensity or medium intensity 810 (foregd) Set the foreground color 07 (char) ASCII value of the character The range of values for each field depends on the display adapter in the computer. (See the display adapter documentation for details.) The screen mask and cursor mask are divided into the same fields as those shown in Figure 5.1. The values of these fields in the screen mask and cursor mask define the character's new attributes when the cursor is over the character. For example, to invert the foreground and background colors, the screen mask and cursor mask should have the values shown in Figure 5.2: 旼컴쩡컴컴컴컫컴컫컴컴컴컴쩡컴컴컴컫컴컴컴컴� � b � bckgd � i � foregd � char � = � 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컵컴컵컴컴컴컴탠컴탠컴컴컴컵컴컴컴컴탠컴컴컴캑 � screen mask � 0 � 111 � 0 � 111 �11111111� &H77FF � � cursor mask � 0 � 111 � 0 � 111 �00000000� &H7700 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컨컴컨컴컴컴컴좔컴좔컴컴컴컨컴컴컴컴좔컴컴컴켸 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 5.2 Sample Screen/Cursor Mask Values In your application program, you can define the values of the screen mask and cursor mask by passing their values as parameters to mouse function 10. (For more information, see the description of function 10 in Chapter 6, "Mouse Function Descriptions.") Whenever a mouse function refers to the text cursor location, it gives the coordinates of the character under the cursor. The text cursor does not have a hot spot. Hardware Text Cursor The hardware text cursor is another cursor that can be used when the computer is in one of the text modes. The hardware text cursor is actually the computer's cursor (the one you see on the screen after the DOS system-level prompt). The mouse software allows you to adapt this cursor to your needs. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Scan lines 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 The hardware cursor is 8 pixels wide and 8 to 14 pixels tall. Each horizontal set of pixels forms a line called a scan line. There are 8 to 14 scan lines. A scan line can be on or off. If a scan line is on, it appears as a flashing bar on the screen. If a scan line is off, it has no effect on the screen. Your program can define which lines are on and which are off by passing the numbers of the first and last lines in the cursor to mouse function 10. The number of lines in the cursor depends on the display adapter in the computer. � If the computer has an IBM Color/Graphics Monitor Adapter, the cursor has 8 lines, numbered 0 to 7. � If the computer has an IBM Monochrome Display and Printer Adapter, the cursor has 14 lines, numbered 0 to 13. � If the computer has an IBM Enhanced Graphics Adapter and an IBM Color Display, the cursor has 8 lines, numbered 0 to 7. If the computer has an IBM Enhanced Graphics Adapter and an IBM Enhanced Color Display, the cursor has 14 lines, numbered 0 to 13. Note Only block cursors are supported on the 3270 PC. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Mouse Buttons Mouse functions 5 and 6 read the state of the mouse buttons and keep a count of the number of times the buttons are pressed and released. A button state is pressed if the button is down, and released if the button is up. When a mouse function returns the state of the buttons, it returns an integer value in which the first 2 bits are set or cleared. Bit 0 represents the state of the left button, and bit 1 represents the state of the right button. If a bit is set (equal to 1), the button is down. If a bit is clear (equal to 0), the button is up. The mouse software increments a counter each time the corresponding button is pressed or released. The software sets a counter to 0 after a reset (mouse function 0) or after a counter's contents are read. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Mouse Unit of Distance: The Mickey The motion of the mouse track ball is translated into values that express the direction and duration of the motion. The values are given in a unit of distance called a mickey, which is approximately 1/200 inch. When the user slides the mouse across a desk top, the mouse hardware passes to the mouse software a horizontal and vertical mickey count; that is, the number of mickeys the mouse ball has rolled in the horizontal and vertical directions. The software uses the mickey count to move the cursor a certain number of pixels on the screen. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Mouse sensitivity 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 The number of pixels that the cursor moves does not have to correspond one-to-one with the number of mickeys the track ball rolls. The mouse software defines a sensitivity for the mouse--the number of mickeys required to move the cursor 8 pixels on the screen. The sensitivity determines the rate at which the cursor moves on the screen. In your application program, you can define the mouse's sensitivity by passing a mickey count to mouse function 15. The mickey count can be any value from 1 to 32767. For example, if you pass a count of 8, the sensitivity is 8 mickeys per 8 pixels. That is, the cursor will move 1 pixel for each mickey the ball rolls, or one character for every 8 mickeys the ball rolls. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� The Internal Cursor Flag The mouse software maintains an internal flag that determines when the cursor should be displayed on the screen. The value of this flag is always 0 or less. � When the flag is 0, the cursor is displayed. � When the flag is any other value, the cursor is hidden. Application programs cannot access this flag directly. To change the flag's value, the program must call mouse functions 1 and 2. Function 1 increments the flag; function 2 decrements it. Initially, the flag's value is -1, so a call to function 1 displays the cursor. Your program can call either function 1 or function 2 any number of times, but if it calls function 2, it must call function 1 later to restore the flag's previous value. For example, if the cursor is on the screen and your program calls function 2 five times, it must also call function 1 five times to return the cursor to the screen. If the cursor is displayed, any additional calls to function 1 have no effect on the internal cursor flag, so one call to function 2 will always hide the cursor. In addition, your program can call mouse function 0 or change screen modes to reset the flag to -1 and hide the cursor. 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� 6 Mouse Function Descriptions This chapter describes the input, output, and operation of each mouse function call. The actual statements required to make the function calls depend on the programming language you're using. For specific instructions on making calls from the BASIC interpreter, assembly-language programs, and high-level-language programs, refer to Chapter 7, "Making Mouse Function Calls." Note If you are designing an application program with mouse support that uses extended graphics modes D, E, F, and 10 on the IBM Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA), the program must interact with the adapter through the Microsoft EGA Register Interface. For instructions on using the EGA Register Interface, see Chapter 8, "Writing Mouse Programs for IBM EGA Modes." 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Mouse Functions The following table lists the mouse functions by function number: 露컴컴컴컴컴코컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴캠 Number Function 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 0 Mouse Reset and Status 1 Show Cursor 2 Hide Cursor 3 Get Button Status and Mouse Position 4 Set Mouse Cursor Position 5 Get Button Press Information 6 Get Button Release Information 7 Set Minimum and Maximum Horizontal Cursor Position 8 Set Minimum and Maximum Vertical Cursor Position 9 Set Graphics Cursor Block 10 Set Text Cursor 11 Read Mouse Motion Counters 12 Set Interrupt Subroutine Call Mask and Address Number Function 12 Set Interrupt Subroutine Call Mask and Address 13 Light Pen Emulation Mode On 14 Light Pen Emulation Mode Off 15 Set Mickey/Pixel Ratio 16 Conditional Off 19 Set Double-Speed Threshold 20 Swap Interrupt Subroutines 21 Get Mouse Driver State Storage Requirements 22 Save Mouse Driver State 23 Restore Mouse Driver State 24 Set Alternate Subroutine Call Mask and Address 25 Get User Alternate Interrupt Address 26 Set Mouse Sensitivity 27 Get Mouse Sensitivity 28 Set Mouse Interrupt Rate 29 Set CRT Page Number 30 Get CRT Page Number 31 Disable Mouse Driver 32 Enable Mouse Driver 33 Software Reset Number Function 33 Software Reset 34 Set Language for Messages 35 Get Language Number 36 Get Driver Version, Mouse Type, and IRQ# Each function description in this chapter specifies the following: � The parameters required to make the call (input) and the expected return values (output) � Any special considerations regarding the function � A BASIC interpreter program fragment that illustrates how to use the call. (For more information about calling mouse functions from the BASIC interpreter, see Chapter 7, "Making Mouse Function Calls.") In the descriptions of all functions, the parameter names M1%, M2%, M3%, and M4% are dummy variable names. When making a call, use the names of the variables that you want to pass. The dummy variable names include the percent sign (%) to emphasize that only integer variables can be used as parameters. Constants, single- precision variables, and double-precision variables are not allowed. If the function description does not specify an input for a parameter, you don't need to supply a value for that parameter before making the call. If the function description does not specify an output value for a parameter, the parameter's value is the same before and after the call. Caution All function calls require four parameters. The mouse software does not check input values, so be sure that the values you assign to the parameters are correct for the given function and screen mode. If you pass the wrong number of parameters or assign incorrect values, you will get unpredictable results. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 0: Mouse Reset and Status Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=0 M1%=mouse status M2%=number of buttons (2 if M1%=-1, otherwise 0) Function 0 returns the current status of the mouse hardware and software. The mouse status is 0 if the mouse hardware and software are not installed or -1 if the hardware and software are installed. This function also resets the mouse driver to the following default values: 露컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴캠 Parameter Value 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� cursor position screen center internal cursor flag -1 (cursor hidden) graphics cursor arrow Parameter Value graphics cursor arrow text cursor reverse video interrupt call mask all 0 (no interrupt subroutine specified) light pen emulation mode enabled horizontal mickey/pixel ratio 8 to 8 vertical mickey/pixel ratio 16 to 8 horizontal min/max 0/current display-mode virtual screen cursor position x-value minus 1 vertical min/max 0/current display-mode virtual screen cursor position y-value minus 1 CRT page number 0 Example This program fragment verifies that the mouse is installed, and returns an error message if it is not. 100 ' 200 ' Is mouse present? If not, error. 300 ' 400 DEF SEG=0 500 MSEG=256*PEEK(51*4+3)+PEEK(51*4+2) 600 MOUSE=256*PEEK(51*4+1)+PEEK(51*4)+2 700 IF MSEG OR (MOUSE-2) THEN 60 800 PRINT "Mouse not found":END 900 DEF SEG=MSEG 1000 IF PEEK (MOUSE-2)=207 then 700 1100 M1%=0 1200 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 1300 IF NOT (M1%)THEN 700 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 1: Show Cursor Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=1 - Function 1 increments the internal cursor flag and, if the flag is 0, displays the cursor on the screen. The cursor tracks the motion of the mouse, changing position as the mouse changes position. The current value of the internal cursor flag depends on the number of calls that have been made to functions 1 and 2. (For more information, see "The Internal Cursor Flag" in Chapter 5, "The Mouse Interface.") The default flag value is -1; therefore, after a reset (function 0), the program must call function 1 to redisplay the cursor. If the internal cursor flag is already 0, this function does nothing. Example 100 ' 200 ' Show the cursor 300 ' 400 M1%=1 500 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 2: Hide Cursor Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=2 - Function 2 removes the cursor from the screen and decrements the internal cursor flag. When the cursor is hidden, it continues to track the motion of the mouse, changing position as the mouse changes position. Use this function before you change any area of the screen that contains the cursor. This will ensure that the cursor won't affect the data written to the screen. Note If your program changes the screen mode, function 2 is called automatically so that the cursor will be drawn correctly the next time it is displayed. Remember that each time your program calls function 2, it must call function 1 later to restore the internal cursor flag to its previous value. (For more information, see "The Internal Cursor Flag" in Chapter 5, "The Mouse Interface.") Note At the end of your program, call function 2 to hide the mouse cursor. If the internal cursor flag is 0 when the program ends, the mouse cursor will remain on the screen. Example 100 ' 200 ' Hide the cursor 300 ' 400 M1%=2 500 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 3: Get Button Status and Mouse Position Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=3 M2%=button status M3%=cursor position (horizontal) M4%=cursor position (vertical) Function 3 returns the state of the left and right mouse buttons and the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the cursor. The button status is a single integer value. Bit 0 represents the left button; bit 1 represents the right button. These bits are 1 if the corresponding button is down, and 0 if it is up. The cursor coordinates are always within the range of minimum and maximum values for the virtual screen. (For more information, see "The Virtual Screen" in Chapter 5, "The Mouse Interface.") Example 100 ' 200 ' Check button status 300 ' 400 M1%=3 500 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 600 IF M2% AND 1 THEN PRINT "Left button down." 700 IF M2% AND 2 THEN PRINT "Right button down." 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 4: Set Mouse Cursor Position Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=4 - M3%=new cursor coordinate (horizontal) M4%=new cursor coordinate (vertical) Function 4 sets the cursor to the specified horizontal and vertical screen coordinates. The parameter values must be within the horizontal and vertical coordinate ranges for the virtual screen. If the screen is not in a mode with a cell size of 1 x 1, the parameter values are rounded to the nearest horizontal or vertical coordinate values permitted for the current screen mode. (For more information, see "The Virtual Screen" in Chapter 5, "The Mouse Interface.") Example Assume that HMAX and VMAX are the maximum horizontal and vertical coordinate values for the virtual screen. This call to function 4 sets the cursor to the center of the screen: 100 ' 200 ' Put cursor in center of screen 300 ' 400 M1%=4 500 M3%=INT(HMAX/2) 600 M4%=INT(VMAX/2) 700 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 5: Get Button Press Information Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=5 M1%=button status M2%=button M2%=number of button presses M3%=cursor (horizontal) at last press M4%=cursor (vertical) at last press Function 5 returns the following: � The current status of the specified button � The number of times the specified button was pressed since the last call to this function � The horizontal and vertical coordinates of the cursor the last time the specified button was pressed The parameter M2% specifies which button is checked. If this parameter is 0, the left button is checked. If this parameter is 1, the right button is checked. The button status is a single integer value. Bit 0 represents the left button and bit 1 represents the right button. These bits are 1 if the corresponding button is down, and 0 if it is up. The number of button presses is always in the range 0 to 32767. Overflow is not detected. The count is set to 0 after the call. The values for the horizontal and vertical coordinates are in the ranges defined by the virtual screen. These values represent the cursor position when the button was last pressed, not the cursor's current position. Example 100 ' 200 ' Get button press information 300 ' 400 M1%=5 500 M2%=0 ' left button 600 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 700 IF (M1% AND 1) THEN PRINT "Left button down." 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 6: Get Button Release Information Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=6 M1%=button status M2%=button M2%=number of button releases M3%=cursor (horizontal) at last release M4%=cursor (vertical) at last release Function 6 returns the following: � The current status of the specified button � The number of times the specified button was released since the last call to this function � The horizontal and vertical coordinates of the cursor the last time the specified button was released The parameter M2% specifies which button is checked. If this parameter is 0, the left button is checked. If this parameter is 1, the right button is checked. The button status is a single integer value. Bit 0 represents the left button and bit 1 represents the right button. These bits are 1 if the corresponding button is down, and 0 if it is up. The number of button releases is always in the range 0 to 32767. Overflow is not detected. The count is set to 0 after the call. The values for the horizontal and vertical coordinates are in the ranges defined by the virtual screen. These values represent the cursor position when the button was last released, not the cursor's current position. Example 100 ' 200 ' Get button release information 300 ' 400 M1%=6 500 M2%=1 ' right button 600 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 700 IF (M1% AND 2) THEN PRINT "Right button down." 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 7: Set Minimum and Maximum Horizontal Cursor Position Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=7 - M3%=minimum position M4%=maximum position Function 7 sets the minimum and maximum horizontal cursor coordinates on the screen. All cursor movement after the call to function 7 is restricted to the specified area. The minimum and maximum values are defined by the virtual screen. (For more information, see "The Virtual Screen" in Chapter 5, "The Mouse Interface.") If the minimum value is greater than the maximum value, the two values are swapped. Example 100 ' 200 ' Limit cursor to horizontal positions below 150 300 ' 400 M1%=7 500 M3%=0 600 M4%=150 700 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 8: Set Minimum and Maximum Vertical Cursor Position Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=8 - M3%=minimum position M4%=maximum position Function 8 sets the minimum and maximum vertical cursor coordinates on the screen. After function 8 is called, cursor movement is restricted to the specified area. The minimum and maximum values are defined by the virtual screen. (For more information, see "The Virtual Screen" in Chapter 5, "The Mouse Interface.") If the minimum value is greater than the maximum value, the two values are swapped. Example 100 ' 200 ' Limit cursor to vertical positions between 300 ' 100 and 150 400 ' 500 M1%=8 600 M3%=100 700 M4%=150 800 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 9: Set Graphics Cursor Block Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=9 - M2%=cursor hot spot (horizontal) M3%=cursor hot spot (vertical) M4%=pointer to screen and cursor masks Function 9 defines the shape, color, and center of the graphics cursor (the cursor used when the computer is in graphics mode). Your program must call function 1 to display the graphics cursor. Function 9 uses the values found in the screen mask and cursor mask to build the cursor shape and color. To pass the screen mask and cursor mask, assign their values to an integer array (packed 2 bytes per integer) and use the first element of the array as the parameter M4% in the call (see the example on the next page). The cursor hot spot values must define one pixel within the cursor. The values must be within the range -16 to 16. For more information about the screen mask, cursor mask, and the graphics cursor hot spot, see "Graphics and Text Cursors" in Chapter 5, "The Mouse Interface." Note For more information about calling function 9 from programs in assembly language, see the section "Making Calls from Assembly-Language Programs" in Chapter 7, "Making Mouse Function Calls." Example To define a cursor in high-resolution graphics mode, first assign the values to the cursor array, then make the call: 100 ' 200 ' Define the screen mask 300 ' 400 CURSOR(0,0)=&HFFFF '1111111111111111 500 CURSOR(1,0)=&HFFFF '1111111111111111 600 CURSOR(2,0)=&HFFFF '1111111111111111 700 CURSOR(3,0)=&HFFFF '1111111111111111 800 CURSOR(4,0)=&HFFFF '1111111111111111 900 CURSOR(5,0)=&HFFFF '1111111111111111 1000 CURSOR(6,0)=&HFFFF '1111111111111111 1100 CURSOR(7,0)=&HFFFF '1111111111111111 1200 CURSOR(8,0)=&HFFFF '1111111111111111 1300 CURSOR(9,0)=&HFFFF '1111111111111111 1400 CURSOR(10,0)=&HFFFF '1111111111111111 1500 CURSOR(11,0)=&HFFFF '1111111111111111 1600 CURSOR(12,0)=&HFFFF '1111111111111111 1700 CURSOR(13,0)=&HFFFF '1111111111111111 1800 CURSOR(14,0)=&HFFFF '1111111111111111 1900 CURSOR(15,0)=&HFFFF '1111111111111111 2000 ' 2100 ' Define the cursor mask 2200 ' 2300 CURSOR(0,1)=&H8000 '1000000000000000 2400 CURSOR(1,1)=&HE000 '1110000000000000 2500 CURSOR(2,1)=&HF800 '1111100000000000 2600 CURSOR(3,1)=&HFE00 '1111111000000000 2700 CURSOR(4,1)=&HD800 '1101100000000000 2800 CURSOR(5,1)=&H0C00 '0000110000000000 2900 CURSOR(6,1)=&H0600 '0000011000000000 3000 CURSOR(7,1)=&H0300 '0000001100000000 3100 CURSOR(8,1)=&H0000 '0000000000000000 3200 CURSOR(9,1)=&H0000 '0000000000000000 3300 CURSOR(10,1)=&H0000 '0000000000000000 3400 CURSOR(11,1)=&H0000 '0000000000000000 3500 CURSOR(12,1)=&H0000 '0000000000000000 3600 CURSOR(13,1)=&H0000 '0000000000000000 3700 CURSOR(14,1)=&H0000 '0000000000000000 3800 CURSOR(15,1)=&H0000 '0000000000000000 3900 ' 4000 ' Set the mouse cursor shape, color, and 4050 ' hot spot 4100 ' 4200 M1%=9 4300 M2%=0 ' horizontal hot spot 4400 M3%=0 ' vertical hot spot 4500 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, CURSOR(0,0)) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 10: Set Text Cursor Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=10 - M2%=cursor select M3%=screen mask value/scan line start M4%=cursor mask value/scan line stop Function 10 selects the software or hardware text cursor. Your program must call function 1 to display the text cursor. The value of the parameter M2% specifies which cursor is selected. If M2% is 0, the software text cursor is selected. If M2% is 1, the hardware text cursor is selected. If the software text cursor is selected, parameters M3% and M4% must specify the screen mask and cursor mask. These masks define the attributes of a character when the cursor is over it. The mask values depend on the display adapter in the computer. (For more information, see "Software Text Cursor" in Chapter 5, "The Mouse Interface.") If the hardware text cursor is selected, parameters M3% and M4% must specify the line numbers of the first and last scan lines in the cursor. These line numbers depend on the display adapter in the computer. (For more information, see "Hardware Text Cursor" in Chapter 5, "The Mouse Interface.") 100 ' 200 ' Create text cursor that inverts foreground 300 ' and background colors 400 ' 500 M1%=10 600 M2%=0 ' select software text cursor 700 M3%=&HFFFF ' screen mask 800 M4%=&H7700 ' cursor mask 900 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 11: Read Mouse Motion Counters Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=11 M3%=count (horizontal) M4%=count (vertical) Function 11 returns the horizontal and vertical mickey count since the last call to this function. The mickey count is the distance that the mouse has moved, in 1/200 inch increments. (For more information, see "Mouse Unit of Distance: The Mickey" in Chapter 5, "The Mouse Interface.") The mickey count is always within the range -32768 to 32767. � A positive horizontal count indicates motion to the right. A negative horizontal count indicates motion to the left. � A positive vertical count indicates motion to the bottom of the screen. A negative vertical count indicates motion to the top of the screen. Overflow is ignored. The mickey count is set to 0 after the call is completed. Example 100 ' 200 ' Get the mickey count 300 ' 400 M1%=11 500 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 12: Set Interrupt Subroutine Call Mask and Address Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=12 - M3%=call mask M4%=subroutine address Function 12 sets the call mask and subroutine address for mouse hardware interrupts. The mouse hardware interrupts automatically stop execution of your program and call the specified subroutine whenever one or more of the conditions defined by the call mask occur. When the subroutine finishes, your program continues execution at the point of interruption. The call mask is a single integer value that defines which conditions cause an interrupt. Each bit in the call mask corresponds to a specific condition, as shown in the following table: Mask bit Condition 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 0 Cursor position changes 1 Left button pressed 2 Left button released 3 Right button pressed 4 Right button released 5-15 Not used To enable the subroutine for a given condition, set the corresponding call mask bit to 1 and pass the mask as parameter M3%. To disable the subroutine for a given condition, set the corresponding bit to 0 and pass the mask as parameter M3%. A call to function 0 automatically sets the call mask to 0. Note Before your program ends, be sure to set the interrupt call mask to 0. If the call mask and subroutine remain defined when the program is no longer running, the subroutine will still be executed if one of the conditions defined by the call mask occurs. When the mouse software makes a call to the subroutine, it loads the following information into the CPU registers: Register Information 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� AX Condition mask (similar to the call mask except a bit is set only if the condition has occurred) BX Button state CX Cursor coordinate (horizontal) DX Cursor coordinate (vertical) DI Horizontal mouse counts (mickeys) SI Vertical mouse counts (mickeys) Note The DS register contains the mouse driver data segments. The subroutine is responsible for setting DS as needed. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Calling from interpreted BASIC programs 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 To use function 12 with the BASIC interpreter: 1 Load an assembly-language subroutine into the BASIC interpreter's data segment. All exits from the subroutine must use a far return instruction. 2 Assign the entry address of the subroutine to an integer variable. 3 Pass this variable to function 12 as the fourth parameter. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Calling from high-level language programs 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 To use function 12 in a high-level-language program: 1 Link an assembly-language subroutine with the program's object file(s). All exits from the subroutine must use a far return instruction. 2 Assign the entry address of the subroutine to an integer variable. In QuickBASIC programs and C small- and compact-model programs, the address is an offset only. In FORTRAN programs, Pascal programs, and C medium-, large-, and huge-model programs, the address consists of both a segment and an offset. 3 Pass this variable to function 12 as the fourth parameter. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Calling from assembly language programs 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 For information on using function 12 in assembly-language programs, see "Making Calls from Assembly-Language Programs" in Chapter 7, "Making Mouse Function Calls." Example The following example calls function 12 from the BASIC interpreter. Assume that an assembly-language subroutine has been loaded into the BASIC interpreter's data segment and that the integer variable SKETCH% has been assigned the subroutine's entry address. The following BASIC statements set up calls to SKETCH% any time the user presses the left mouse button. 100 ' 200 ' Call subroutine SKETCH on left button press 300 ' 400 M1%=12 500 M3%=&H01 600 M4%=SKETCH% 700 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 13: Light Pen Emulation Mode On Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=13 - Function 13 allows the mouse to emulate a light pen. When the mouse emulates a light pen, calls to the PEN function (described in the IBM BASIC manual) return the cursor position at the last "pen down." The mouse buttons control the "pen down" and "pen off the screen" states. The pen is down when both mouse buttons are down. The pen is off the screen when both mouse buttons are up. The mouse software enables light pen emulation mode after each reset (function 0). Example 100 ' 200 ' Enable light pen 300 ' 400 M1%=13 500 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 14: Light Pen Emulation Mode Off Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=14 - Function 14 disables light pen emulation. When light pen emulation is disabled, calls to the PEN function (described in the IBM BASIC manual) return information about the light pen only. If a program uses both a light pen and the mouse, the program must disable the mouse light pen emulation mode to work correctly. Example 100 ' 200 ' Disable light pen 300 ' 400 M1%=14 500 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 15: Set Mickey/Pixel Ratio Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=15 - M3%=mickey/pixel ratio (horizontal) M4%=mickey/pixel ratio (vertical) Function 15 sets the mickey-to-pixel ratio for horizontal and vertical mouse motion. The ratios specify the number of mickeys per 8 pixels. The values must be in the range 1 to 32767. (For more information, see "Mouse Unit of Distance: The Mickey" in Chapter 5, "The Mouse Interface.") The default value for the horizontal ratio is 8 mickeys to 8 pixels. With this ratio, the mouse must travel 6.4 inches to move the cursor horizontally across the screen. The default value for the vertical ratio is 16 mickeys to 8 pixels. With this ratio, the mouse must travel 4 inches to move the cursor vertically across the screen. Example 100 ' 200 ' Set mickey/pixel ratio at 16 to 8 and 32 to 8 300 ' 400 M1%=15 500 M3%=16 ' horizontal ratio 600 M4%=32 ' vertical ratio 700 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 16: Conditional Off Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=16 - M4%=address of the region array Function 16 defines a region on the screen for updating. If the mouse pointer is in the defined region or moves into it, function 16 hides the mouse cursor while the region is being updated. After your program calls function 16, the program must call function 1 to show the cursor again. The region is defined by placing the screen coordinate values in a four-element array. The elements of the array are defined as follows: Array Offset Value 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 1 Left x screen coordinate 2 Upper y screen coordinate 3 Right x screen coordinate 4 Lower y screen coordinate Function 16 is similar to function 2, but is intended for advanced applications that require quicker screen updates. Note For information on calling function 16 from assembly-language programs, see "Making Calls from Assembly-Language Programs" in Chapter 7, "Making Mouse Function Calls." Example 100 ' 200 ' Define screen region for conditional off 300 ' 400 OFF%(1)=10 ' left x value of region 500 OFF%(2)=30 ' upper y value of region 600 OFF%(3)=40 ' right x value of region 700 OFF%(4)=80 ' lower y value of region 800 M1%=16 900 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, OFF%(0)) 1000 ' 1100 ' Screen update routine . . . 2200 ' 2300 M1%=1 2400 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 19: Set Double-Speed Threshold Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=19 - M4%=threshold speed in mickeys/second Function 19 sets the threshold speed for doubling the cursor's motion on the screen. Using function 19 makes it easier to point at images widely separated on the screen. Parameter M4% defines the mouse's threshold speed. If no value is given, or if the mouse is reset by a call to function 0, a default value of 64 mickeys per second is assigned. If the mouse moves faster than the value of M4%, cursor motion doubles in speed. The threshold speed remains set until function 19 is called again or until the mouse is reset by function 0. Once your program turns on the speed-doubling feature, this feature is always on. However, the program can effectively turn off this feature by setting M4% to a speed faster than the mouse can physically move (for example, 10,000) and then calling function 19. Example 100 ' 110 ' Set threshold to 32 mickeys/sec 120 ' 130 M1%=19 140 M4%=32 ' mickeys/second 150 CALL MOUSE (M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) . . . 1000 ' Turn off speed doubling 1010 M1%=19 1020 M4%=10000 ' mickeys/second 1030 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 20: Swap Interrupt Subroutines Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=20 M2%=segment of old subroutine M2%=segment of new subroutine M3%=old call mask M3%=new call mask M4%=offset of old subroutine M4%=offset of new subroutine Function 20 sets new values for the call mask and subroutine address for mouse hardware interrupts and returns the values that were previously specified. The mouse hardware interrupts automatically stop execution of your program and call the specified subroutine whenever one or more of the conditions defined by the call mask occur. When the subroutine finishes, your program continues execution at the point of interruption. The call mask is an integer value that defines which conditions cause an interrupt. Each bit in the call mask corresponds to a specific condition, as shown in the following table: Mask bit Condition 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 0 Cursor position changes 1 Left button pressed 2 Left button released 3 Right button pressed 4 Right button released 5-15 Not used To enable the subroutine for a given condition, set the corresponding call mask bit to 1 and pass the mask as parameter M3%. To disable the subroutine for a given condition, set the corresponding bit to 0 and pass the mask as parameter M3%. Function 0 automatically disables all interrupts. Note Before your program ends, be sure to restore the initial values of the call mask and subroutine address. When the mouse software makes a call to the subroutine, it loads the following information into the CPU registers: Register Information 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� AX Condition mask (similar to the call mask except a bit is set only if the condition has occurred) BX Button state CX Cursor coordinate (horizontal) DX Cursor coordinate (vertical) DI Horizontal mouse counts (mickeys) SI Vertical mouse counts (mickeys) Note The DS register contains the mouse driver data segments. The subroutine is responsible for setting DS as needed. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Calling from interpreted BASIC programs 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 To use function 20 with the BASIC interpreter: 1 Load an assembly-language subroutine into the BASIC interpreter's data segment. All exits from the subroutine must use a far return instruction. 2 Assign the entry offset of the subroutine to an integer variable. 3 Pass this variable to function 20 as the fourth parameter. If M2% is set to 0 in an interpreted BASIC program, the segment of the new subroutine is assumed to be identical to the BASIC data segment. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Calling from high-level-language programs 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 To use function 20 in a high-level-language program: 1 Link an assembly-language subroutine with the program's object file(s). All exits from the subroutine must use a far return instruction. 2 In FORTRAN programs, Pascal programs, and C medium-, large-, and huge- model programs, assign the subroutine's segment to an integer variable. In QuickBASIC programs, and C small- and compact-model programs, set this variable to 0. 3 Assign the subroutine's offset to an integer variable. 4 Pass the variable containing either the subroutine's segment or 0 to function 20 as the second parameter. Pass the variable containing the subroutine's offset as the fourth parameter. If M2% is set to 0 in a high-level-language program, the segment of the new subroutine is assumed to be identical to the program's data segment. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Calling from assembly-language programs 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 For information on using function 20 in assembly-language programs, see "Making Calls from Assembly-Language Programs" in Chapter 7, "Making Mouse Function Calls." Example The following example calls function 20 from the BASIC interpreter. Assume that an assembly-language subroutine has been loaded into the BASIC interpreter's data segment and that the integer variable SKETCH% has been assigned the subroutine's entry offset. The following BASIC statements set up calls to SKETCH% any time the user presses the left mouse button. 100 ' 200 ' Call subroutine SKETCH on left button press 300 ' 400 M1%=20 500 M2%=0 600 M3%=&H01 700 M4%=SKETCH% 800 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) If your program does not change the return values of M1%, M2%, M3%, and M4%, you can restore the previous interrupt subroutine call mask and address by adding the following statement after the initial call to function 20. CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 21: Get Mouse Driver State Storage Requirements Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=21 M2%=buffer size required for mouse driver state Function 21 returns the size of the buffer required to store the current state of the mouse driver. It is used with functions 22 and 23 when you want to temporarily interrupt a program that is using the mouse and execute another program that also uses the mouse, such as one of the Microsoft Expert Mouse Menu programs. Example 100 ' 200 ' Get required storage size 300 ' 400 M1%=21 500 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 600 BufSIZE%=M2% 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 22: Save Mouse Driver State Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=22 - M4%=pointer to the buffer Function 22 saves the current mouse driver state in a buffer allocated by your program. It is used with functions 21 and 23 when you want to temporarily interrupt a program that is using the mouse and execute another program that also uses the mouse. Before your program calls function 22, the program should call function 21 to determine the buffer size required for saving the mouse driver state, then allocate the appropriate amount of memory. Note For information on calling function 22 from an assembly-language program, see "Making Calls from Assembly-Language Programs" in Chapter 7, "Making Mouse Function Calls." Example Assume that the buffer size was obtained by calling function 21 and has been allocated in the BASIC interpreter's data segment. Assume also that BUFPTR contains the address of the buffer. 100 ' 200 ' Save the mouse driver state 300 ' 400 M1%=22 500 M4%=BUFPTR 600 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function 23: Restore Mouse Driver State Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� M1%=23 - M4%=pointer to the buffer Function 23 restores the last mouse driver state saved by function 22. It is used with functions 21 and 22 when you want to temporarily interrupt a program that is using the mouse and execute another program that also uses the mouse. To restore the mouse driver state saved by function 22, call function 23 at the end of the interrupt program. Note For information on calling function 23 from an assembly-language program, see "Making Calls from Assembly-Language Programs" in Chapter 7, "Making Mouse Function Calls." Example Assume that function 22 saved the mouse driver state in a buffer allocated by the program. Assume also that BUFPTR contains the address of the buffer. 100 ' 200 ' Restore the mouse state 300 ' 400 M1%=23 500 M4%=BUFPTR 600 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Function 24: Set Alternate Subroutine Call Mask and Address Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 M1%=24 M1%=error status (-1 if error occurred) M3%=user interrupt call mask M4%=user subroutine address Function 24 sets the interrupt call mask and user subroutine address for mouse hardware interrupts. Subroutine calls using function 24 allow the called routine to be reentrant; i.e., the subroutine called can itself make interrupt calls. The mouse hardware interrupts automatically stop execution of your program and call the specified subroutine whenever one or more of the conditions defined by the call mask occurs. When execution of the subroutine is completed, your program continues at the point of interruption. The call mask is a single integer value that defines which conditions cause an interrupt to the subroutine. Each of the first eight bits in the call mask corresponds to a specific mouse/keyboard condition, as listed in the following table. Mask bit Condition 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 0 Cursor position changes 1 Left button pressed 2 Left button released 3 Right button pressed 4 Right button released 5 Shift key pressed during button press or release 6 Ctrl key pressed during button press or release 7 Alt key pressed during button press or release 8-15 Not used To call the subroutine for any of the listed conditions, set the corresponding bit in the call mask to 1 and pass the mask as parameter M3%. You can select any combination of the listed conditions by setting the corresponding combination of mask bits. However, when using mask bits 5, 6, and 7, you must also set the mask bit that corresponds to the button(s) being pressed or released. To disable the subroutine for any of the listed conditions, set the corresponding bit(s) in the call mask to 0 and pass the mask as parameter M3%. A call to function 0 sets the call mask to 0; i.e., no mouse/keyboard conditions are specified, and consequently no calls to the subroutine are made. Before exiting the called subroutine be sure to execute a call to function 0 to set the call mask to 0. Failure to reset the mask will result in the subroutine being executed whenever the last specified mouse/keyboard condition occurs. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Calling from interpreted BASIC programs 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 To use function 24 with the BASIC interpreter: 1. Load an assembly language subroutine into the BASIC interpreter's data segment. All exits from the subroutine must use a far return instruction. 2. Assign the entry address of the subroutine to an integer variable. 3. Pass this variable to function 24 as the fourth (M4%) parameter. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Calling from high-level language programs 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Example The following example calls function 24 from the BASIC interpreter. Assume that an assembly-language subroutine has been loaded into the BASIC interpreter's data segment and that the integer variable DRAW% has been assigned as the subroutine's entry address. The following BASIC statements set up calls to DRAW% any time the user presses the left mouse button. 100 ' 200 ' Call subroutine DRAW when left 300 ' mouse button pressed 400 ' 500 M1%=24 600 M3%=&H01 700 M4%=DRAW 800 CALL MOUSE (M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) To use function 24 with a high-level language program: 1. Link an assembly-language subroutine with the program's object file(s). All exits from the subroutine must use a far return instruction. 2. Assign the entry address of the subroutine to an integer variable. In QuickBASIC programs and C small- and compact-model programs, the address is an offset only. In FORTRAN programs, Pascal programs, and C medium-, large-, and huge-model programs, the address consists of both segment and an offset. 3. Pass this variable to function 24 as the fourth (M4%) parameter. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Calling from assembly-language programs 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 For information on using function 24 in assembly-language programs, refer to "Making Calls from Assembly-Language Programs" in Chapter 7, "Making Mouse Function Calls." Also, note that CX=user interrupt call mask, and ES:DX=user subroutine address. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Function 25: Get User Alternate Interrupt Address Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 M1%=25 M3%=user interrupt call mask M3%=user interrupt M4%=user subroutine address call mask (M4% will be zero if no interrupt call mask is returned, or it is invalid) Function 25 returns the interrupt address of the alternate mouse user subroutine identified by the specified call mask. Function call 25 may be used prior to a call to function 24 to retrieve, and later restore, the last alternate interrupt subroutine address. The interrupt call mask has the value described in function call 24. For assembly language users, the subroutine address is returned as BX:DX. Example 100 ' 200 'Get user subroutine interrupt address 300 ' 400 M1%=25 500 M3%=&H01 600 CALL MOUSE (M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Function 26: Set Mouse Sensitivity Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 M1%=26 -- M2%=mickeys/pixel (horizontal) M3%=mickeys/pixel (vertical) M4%=threshold for double-speed Function 26 sets mouse-to-cursor movement sensitivity by defining the number of mickeys that are equal to a single pixel, and also by setting the double-speed threshold for the mouse. For more information on the mickey, refer to "Mouse Unit of Distance: The Mickey" in Chapter 5, "The Mouse Interface." The value of mickeys must be in the range of 1 to 100, where a value of 1 specifies a mickey-to-pixel ratio of 1:1. The default value of mickeys per pixel is 50. The double-speed threshold, which is part of the mouse sensitivity, is described with function call 19. It is included in this function call so that you can set the mouse sensitivity with a single function call, instead of two separate calls (i.e., calls 15 and 19). Example 100 ' 200 ' Set mouse sensitivity to 10 mickeys/pixel 300 ' and 32 mickeys/second 400 ' 500 M1%=26 600 M2%=10 700 M3%=10 800 M4%=32 900 CALL MOUSE (M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Function 27: Get Mouse Sensitivity Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 M1%=27 M2%=mickeys/pixel (horizontal) M3%=mickeys/pixel (vertical) M4%=threshold for double speed Function 27 returns the current setting of mouse mickeys-per-pixel and current threshold for double-speed mouse movement. The mouse sensitivity values are in mickeys, and are described in function call 26. The double-speed threshold is described in function call 19. Function call 27 may be used prior to a call to function 26 to retrieve, and later restore, the last mouse sensitivity parameters. Example 100 ' 200 'Get mouse sensitivity and double-speed 300 'threshold 400 M1%=27 500 CALL MOUSE (M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Function 28: Set Mouse Interrupt Rate Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 M1%=28 -- M2%=interrupt rate (in interrupts/second) Function 28 operates only with the InPort mouse. Function 28 sets the rate at which the mouse driver polls the status of the mouse. Faster interrupt rates provide better resolution in graphics applications. Slower interrupt rates may allow applications to run faster. The interrupt rate is a single integer value that defines the rate in interrupts per second. Each of the first eight bits in the interrupt rate variable corresponds to a specific interrupt rate. Each of the interrupt rates are specified by setting the corresponding bit to 1. If more than one of the bits are set, the lowest order bit takes precedence. The value of each bit with respect to interrupt rate is listed in the following table. Rate bit Maximum interrupt rate 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 0 No interrupts allowed 1 30 interrupts/second rate 2 50 interrupts/second rate 3 100 interrupts/second rate 4 200 interrupts/second rate 5-7 Not used Example 100 ' 200 'Set mouse interrupt rate to 100/second 300 ' 400 M1%=28 500 M2%=&H08 600 CALL MOUSE (M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Function 29: Set CRT Page Number Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 M1%=29 -- M2%=CRT page for mouse cursor display Function 29 specifies the CRT page on which the mouse cursor will be displayed. For information on the number of CRT pages available in each display mode your adapter supports, see the information that came with the graphics adapter. Example 100 ' 200 'Display mouse cursor on page 3 300 ' 400 M1%=29 500 M2%=3 600 CALL MOUSE (M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Function 30: Get CRT Page Number Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 M1%=30 M2%=CRT page number of current cursor display Function 30 returns the number of the CRT page on which the mouse cursor is displayed. Example 100 ' 200 'Get CRT page number 300 ' 400 M1%=30 500 CALL MOUSE (M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Function 31: Disable Mouse Driver Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 M1%=31 M1%=error status (-1 if error occurred; 31 if no error occurred) M2%=offset of old INT_33 M3%=segment of old INT_33 Function 31 is used in the MOUSE OFF portion of your program to disable the mouse driver, and thus the mouse. When a call is made to function 31, you can restore the interrupt 33 value (to what it was before the mouse driver was enabled) by means of the M2% and M3% variables. All other vectors used by the mouse driver are removed. If this function cannot remove all mouse driver vectors, except the interrupt 33 vector, an error is indicated by returning -1 for M1%. Example 100 ' 200 'Disable mouse driver 300 ' 400 M1%=31 500 CALL MOUSE (M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) When calling from assembly-language programs, use ES:BX for the address of the old INT_33 vector. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Function 32: Enable Mouse Driver Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 M1%=32 -- Function 32 is used in the MOUSE ON portion of your program to enable the mouse driver, and thus the mouse. When a call is made to function 32, the interrupt 33 value is set to the mouse interrupt vector and all other mouse driver vectors are installed. Example 100 ' 200 'Enable mouse driver 300 ' 400 M1%=32 500 CALL MOUSE (M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Function 33: Software Reset Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 M1%=33 M1%=-1 if mouse driver is installed, otherwise 33h. M2%=2 (provided M1%=-1) Function 33 is similar to function 0 except that there is no initialization of mouse hardware or resetting of other display hardware dependent variables. Resets are confined to software only. A valid software reset is indicated by both returned values. M1% must be -1 and M2% must be 2 or a valid reset. Example 100 ' 200 'Reset software functions 300 ' 400 M1%=33 500 CALL MOUSE (M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Function 34: Set Language For Messages Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 M1%=34 -- M2%=Language number Function 34 operates only with the international version of the mouse driver. Function 34 allows you to specify the language in which messages and prompts from the mouse driver are displayed. The language is specified by a single integer in accordance with the following list: Number Language 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 0 English 1 French 2 Dutch 3 German 4 Swedish 5 Finnish 6 Spanish 7 Portuguese 8 Italian Example 100 ' 200 'Set language for messages to Dutch 300 ' 400 M1%=34 500 M2%=2 600 CALL MOUSE (M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Function 35: Get Language Number Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 M1%=35 M2%=the currently set language Function 35 operates only with the international version of the mouse driver. Function 35 returns the number of the language currently set in the mouse driver. Languages are specified by a single integer in accordance with the list in function 34. Example 100 ' 200 'Get current language number 300 ' 400 M1%=35 500 CALL MOUSE (M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Function 36: Get Driver Version, Mouse Type, and IRQ # Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 M1%=36 M2%=Mouse driver version number M3%=Mouse type and IRQ# Function 36 gets the version number of the mouse driver, the type of mouse it requires, and the number of the interrupt request type. In the returned value of M2%, the high-order 8 bits contain the major version number, while the low-order 8 bits contain the minor version number. For example, function call 36 to version 6.10 would return the value 1552 (decimal), which is equal to 0610 (hexadecimal) for M2%. The mouse type is contained in the high-order bits of the returned value for M3%. A value of 1 indicates a bus mouse, a value of 2 indicates a serial mouse, a value of 3 indicates an InPort mouse, a value of 4 indicates a PS/2 mouse, and a value of 5 indicates an HP mouse. The value for the interrupt request type is contained in the low-order bits of the value returned for M3%. A value of 0 indicates PS/2, a value in the range of 2 through 5, or 7, indicates a mouse interrupt. Example 100 ' 200 'Get driver version, mouse type, and IRQ # 300 ' 400 M1%=36 500 CALL MOUSE (M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� 7 Making Mouse Function Calls The statements and instructions required to call the mouse functions depend on the language you're using for your application program. This chapter explains how to make mouse function calls from the following types of programs: � BASIC programs running under the BASIC interpreter � Assembly-language programs � Programs in Microsoft high-level languages 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Additional examples 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 This chapter also includes the BASIC source program listing for the Piano demonstration program that came in your Microsoft Mouse package. The last section in this chapter describes eight sample mouse cursors you can use in high-resolution graphics mode. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Making Calls from the BASIC Interpreter To make a mouse function call from a BASIC program running under the BASIC interpreter: 1 Assign the offset and segment of the BASIC entry point into the mouse driver to a pair of integer variables in your program. The mouse entry offset and segment are in memory. To get these values, insert the following statements into your program: 10 DEF SEG=0 20 MSEG=256*PEEK(51*4+3)+PEEK(51*4+2) 30 MOUSE=256*PEEK(51*4+1)+PEEK(51*4)+2 40 IF MSEG OR (MOUSE-2) THEN 60 50 PRINT "Mouse Driver not found":END 60 DEF SEG=MSEG 70 IF PEEK(MOUSE-2)=207 then 50 Be sure that these statements appear before any calls to mouse functions. 2 Use the CALL statement to make the call. The statement should have the form CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) where MOUSE is the variable containing the offset of the BASIC entry point into the mouse driver, and M1%, M2%, M3%, and M4% are the names of the integer variables you have chosen for parameters in this call. (Constants and noninteger variables are not allowed.) All of the parameters must appear in the CALL statement even if no value is assigned to one or more of them. To ensure that the variables are integer variables, use the percent sign (%) as part of all the variable names. You may also use the DEFINT statement at the beginning of your program. For example, the statement 10 DEFINT A-Z defines all variables as integer variables. If this statement appears at the beginning of the program, the variable names don't need to include the percent sign. Example Assuming that the variable MOUSE has the offset of the BASIC entry point into the mouse driver, use the following statements to set the cursor position to 320 (horizontal) and 100 (vertical): 100 ' 200 ' Set cursor position to (320,100) 300 ' 400 M1%=4 'Function number is 4 500 M3%=320 'Horizontal coordinate 600 M4%=100 'Vertical coordinate 700 CALL MOUSE(M1%, M2%, M3%, M4%) Note For additional examples of making calls from the BASIC interpreter, see the sample source code after the description of each function in Chapter 6, "Mouse Function Descriptions," and the section "Piano Program" Listing later in this chapter. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Making Calls from Assembly-Language Programs To make a mouse function call from an assembly-language program: 1 Include statements in your program that check if the mouse driver is installed. These statements must appear before any calls to mouse functions. (See the assembly-language program example on the next page.) 2 Load the appropriate CPU registers (AX, BX, CX, DX, SI, DI, and/or ES) with the parameter values. 3 Execute software interrupt 51 (33H). For all mouse functions except functions 9, 12, 16, 20, 22, and 23, the AX, BX, CX, and DX registers correspond to the M1%, M2%, M3%, and M4% parameters defined for the BASIC interpreter in Chapter 6, "Mouse Function Descriptions." The parameter definitions for functions 9, 12, 16, 20, 22, and 23 are given in the following table: 露컴컴컴컴컴旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴코컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴캠 Function Input Output 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 9 AX = 9 - BX = cursor hot spot (horizontal) CX = cursor hot spot (vertical) ES:DX = address of first element in screen and cursor masks array 12 AX = 12 - CX = call mask ES:DX = subroutine address 16 AX = 16 - CX = upper x screen coordinate DX = left y screen coordinate Function Input Output  DX = left y screen coordinate SI = lower x screen coordinate DI = right y screen coordinate 20 AX = 20 CX = old CX = new call mask call mask ES:DX = new subroutine address ES:DX = old subroutine address 22 AX = 22 - ES:DX = start of buffer address 23 AX = 23 - ES:DX = start of buffer address Example 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Assembly language program 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 The following assembly-language program puts an IBM Color/Graphics Adapter into 640 x 200 graphics mode and displays the default mouse cursor (the standard cursor shape described under "Sample Cursors" later in this chapter). Clicking the left mouse button returns the video display to 80-column, black-and-white text mode, and ends the program. stack segment stack 'stack' db 256 dup(?) stack ends ; data segment public 'data' msg1 db "Microsoft Mouse not found","$" msg2 db "Press the left mouse button to EXIT","$" data ends ; code segment public 'code' assume cs:code, ds:data, es:data; ss:stack start: push bp mov bp,sp mov ax,seg data ;Set DS to the mov ds,ax ;data segment push es ;Save PSP segment address mov ax,03533h ;Get int 33h vector int 21h ;by calling int 21 mov ax,es ;Check segment and or ax,bx ;offset of int 33 jnz begin ;vector. If 0 or pointing to mov bl,es:[bx] ;IRET, driver not installed cmp bl,0cfh jne begin ;Exit mov dx,offset msg1 ;Get not found message offset mov ah,09h ;Output message to screen int 21h pop es jmp short exit ;Exit begin: mov ax,0 ;Initialize mouse int 33h cmp ax,0 ;Is mouse installed? jz exit ;No, exit mov ax,0006h ;Set up for 640x200 resolution int 10h ;graphics mode (CGA mode 6) mov ax,4 ;Function 4-set cursor position mov cx,200 ;M3 = 200 mov dx,100 ;M4 = 100 int 33h mov ax,7 ;Function 7 mov cx,150 ;M3 = 150 mov dx,450 ;M4 = 450 int 33h mov ax,8 ;Function 8 mov cx,50 ;M3 = 50 mov dx,150 ;M4 = 150 int 33h mov ax,1 ;Show the mouse cursor int 33h mov dx,offset msg2 ;Get exit message mov ah,09h ;Output message to screen int 21h xor ax,ax around: mov ax,3 ;Get mouse status int 33h cmp bx,0001h ;Left mouse button jne around ;pressed? Branch if not mov ax,0 int 33h ;Reset mouse mov ax,0003h ;Set up 80x25 int 10h ;character text mode exit: mov sp,bp pop bp mov ax,04c00h ;Terminate int 21h ; code ends end start 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Making Calls from High-Level-Language Programs Mouse function calls from high-level-languages can be included as ordinary procedure calls in the source program. After the program is compiled, it must be linked with the Microsoft Mouse Library (MOUSE.LIB), which is included on the Microsoft Mouse Tools disk. MOUSE.LIB contains procedures that give access to all the mouse functions. This section describes how to make function calls from the following high-level languages: � Microsoft QuickBASIC � Microsoft Pascal (version 3.30 or later) � Microsoft FORTRAN (version 3.30 or later) � Microsoft C (version 3.0 or later) For information about linking programs written for earlier versions of the Microsoft Mouse Library, see Appendix B, "Linking Existing Mouse Programs with MOUSE.LIB (Version 6.0)." For information on accessing the mouse functions from a program written in Borland Turbo Pascal, see Appendix C, "Making Calls from Borland Turbo Pascal Programs." Making Calls from Microsoft QuickBASIC To make a mouse function call from a program in Microsoft QuickBASIC (version 1.0 or later): 1 Include statements in your program that check if the mouse driver is installed. These statements must appear before any calls to mouse functions. (See the QuickBASIC program example on the next page.) 2 Call the mouse library procedure "MOUSE" as a regular QuickBASIC external subroutine. 3 Compile the program and link it with MOUSE.LIB. If you are using version 2.0 of the QuickBASIC compiler, you can compile and link in one step from within the QuickBASIC editor following the procedure given below. (For instructions on linking with MOUSE.LIB outside of the QuickBASIC editor, see your documentation on Microsoft QuickBASIC.) Linking with MOUSE.LIB within QuickBASIC To simultaneously compile a QuickBASIC program (version 2.0) and link the program with MOUSE.LIB, first set up a special library subroutine called "USERLIB.EXE". 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Setting up USERLIB.EXE 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 To set up USERLIB.EXE: 1 Create a QuickBASIC source file that contains the single statement: CALL MOUSE 2 Compile this source file outside of the QuickBASIC editor. To do this, type the following at the DOS prompt: qb and press the ENTER key. ( is the name of the source file.) 3 Make sure the compiled QuickBASIC file, MOUSE.LIB, and the QuickBASIC utilities BUILDLIB.EXE and BRUN20.LIB are in the current directory. 4 To create the USERLIB.EXE file, type the following at the DOS prompt: buildlib ,userlib,,mouse; and press the ENTER key. ( is the name of the compiled QuickBASIC file.) 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Linking within QuickBASIC 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 To compile a QuickBASIC program and link it with MOUSE.LIB in one step: 1 Make sure the USERLIB.EXE file is in the same directory as the QuickBASIC compiler (QB.EXE) before you start QuickBASIC. 2 To start QuickBASIC, type qb/l (not qb) and press the ENTER key. 3 Compile the mouse application program within the QuickBASIC editor. This also automatically links the program with MOUSE.LIB. Example 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 QuickBASIC program 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 The following program puts an IBM Color/Graphics Adapter into 640 x 200 graphics mode and displays the default mouse cursor (the standard cursor shape described under "Sample Cursors" later in this chapter). This program calls the subroutine "chkdrv", which is shown in the assembly-language program that follows. ' Mouse library call test in QuickBASIC V2.0 call chkdrv screen 0 m1%=0 ' function 0 call mouse(m1%,m2%,m3%,m4%) if ( m1% = 0 ) then print "Microsoft Mouse not found" end end if m1%=4 ' function 4 m3%=200 m4%=100 call mouse(m1%,m2%,m3%,m4%) m1%=7 ' function 7 m3%=150 m4%=450 call mouse(m1%,m2%,m3%,m4%) m1%=8 ' function 8 m3%=50 m4%=150 call mouse(m1%,m2%,m3%,m4%) screen 2 print "Cursor limited to the center of the screen." print "Press the left mouse button to EXIT." m1% = 1 call mouse(m1%,m2%,m3%,m4%) m2% = 99 while ( m2% <> 1 ) m1% = 3 call mouse(m1%,m2%,m3%,m4%) wend screen 0 end 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 chkdrv subroutine 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 In the following assembly-language source program, "chkdrv" checks if the mouse driver is installed. ; mdata segment byte public 'data' msg db "Mouse Driver not installed","$" mdata ends mcode segment para public 'CODE' assume cs:mcode ; public chkdrv ; chkdrv proc far push bp push es mov ax,03533h ;Get int 33h by int 21h ;calling int 21 mov ax,es ;Check segment and offset or ax,bx ;of int 33 vector. If jnz back ;0 or pointing to IRET, mov bl,es:[bx] ;driver not installed cmp bl,0cfh jne back ;Exit mov ax,seg mdata ;Set up DS to mov ds,ax ;point to data seg mov dx,offset msg ;Get message mov ah,09h ;output to screen int 21h pop es pop bp mov ax,04c00h ;Terminate int 21h back: pop es pop bp ret chkdrv endp ; mcode ends end Making Calls from Microsoft Pascal To make a mouse function call from a program in Microsoft Pascal (version 3.30 or later): 1 Include statements in your program that check if the mouse driver is installed. These statements must appear before any calls to mouse functions. (See the Pascal program example below.) 2 Declare the mouse library procedure "MOUSES" as an external procedure. The parameters can be declared as either INTEGER or WORD. Use one of the following statements to declare MOUSES as an external procedure: PROCEDURE MOUSES(VARS m1,m2,m3,m4:INTEGER);EXTERN; or PROCEDURE MOUSES(VARS m1,m2,m3,m4:WORD);EXTERN; 3 Use Microsoft Pascal calling conventions to make the call. 4 Link the compiled program with MOUSE.LIB. (For details about using the LINK command, see your documentation on Microsoft Pascal.) Example 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Pascal program 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 The following program puts an IBM Color/Graphics Adapter into 640 x 200 graphics mode and displays the default mouse cursor (the standard cursor shape described under "Sample Cursors" later in this chapter). This program calls two procedures, "graf" and "chkdrv". These procedures are shown in the assembly-language listing that follows this program. program mtest (output); procedure mouses(vars m1,m2,m3,m4:word);extern; procedure chkdrv;extern; procedure graf;extern; var m1, m2, m3, m4: word; begin {demo} chkdrv; {Mouse driver installed? } {No, exit } M1:=0; {Yes, initialize mouse } mouses(m1,m2,m3,m4); if ( m1 = 0 ) then writeln('Microsoft Mouse not found') else begin m1 := 4; {function call 4, set mouse } m3 := 200; {horizontal cursor position } m4 := 100; {vertical cursor position } mouses( m1, m2, m3, m4 ); m1 := 7; {function call 7, set mouse } m3 := 150; {minimum horizontal position} m4 := 450; {maximum horizontal position} mouses( m1, m2, m3, m4 ); m1 := 8; {function call 8, set mouse } m3 := 50; {minimum vertical position } m4 := 150; {maximum vertical position } mouses( m1, m2, m3, m4 ); graf; {change into graphics mode } writeln('Cursor limited to the center of the screen.'); writeln('Press the left mouse button to EXIT.'); m1 :=1; {function call 1 } mouses(m1,m2,m3,m4); {show mouse cursor } m2 := 999; {dummy value for loop } repeat {until .... } m1 := 3; {function call 3 } mouses( m1, m2, m3, m4 ); {Get current mouse status} until m2 = 1; {left mouse button pressed } end end. {demo} 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 graf and chkdrv procedures 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 In the following assembly-language source program, "graf" changes the display mode to 640 x 200 graphics mode (CGA mode 6) and "chkdrv" checks if the mouse driver is installed. ; mdata segment byte public 'data' msg db "Mouse Driver not installed","$" mdata ends mcode segment para public 'CODE' assume cs:mcode ; public graf ; graf proc far push bp mov ax,06h ;Change to graphics int 10h ;mode by calling pop bp ;int 10 service ret graf endp ; public chkdrv ; chkdrv proc far push bp push es mov ax,03533h ;Get int 33h by int 21h ;calling int 21 mov ax,es ;Check segment, offset or ax,bx ;of int 33 vector. If jnz back ;0 or pointing to IRET, mov bl,es:[bx] ;driver not installed cmp bl,0cfh jne back ;Exit mov ax,seg mdata ;Set up DS to mov ds,ax ;point to data seg mov dx,offset msg ;Get message mov ah,09h ;output to screen int 21h pop es pop bp mov ax,04c00h ;Terminate int 21h back: pop es pop bp ret chkdrv endp ; mcode ends end Making Calls from Microsoft FORTRAN To make a mouse function call from a program in Microsoft FORTRAN (version 3.30 or later): 1 Include statements in your program that check if the mouse driver is installed. These statements must appear before any calls to mouse functions. (See the FORTRAN program example below.) 2 Call the mouse library procedure "MOUSES" as a regular FORTRAN external subroutine. 3 Link the compiled program with MOUSE.LIB. (For details about using the LINK command, see your documentation on Microsoft FORTRAN.) Example 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 FORTRAN program 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 The following program puts an IBM Color/Graphics Adapter into 640 x 200 graphics mode and displays the default mouse cursor (the standard cursor shape described under "Sample Cursors" later in this chapter). This program calls two assembly-language subroutines, "graf" and "chkdrv". (See the assembly-language program after the Pascal program example earlier in this chapter for the "graf" and "chkdrv" subroutine listings.) PROGRAM MTEST C C -- Mouse Library calls test in MS FORTRAN V3.31 -- C INTEGER*2 M1, M2, M3, M4 EXTERNAL GRAF, CHKDRV C -- Call driver checking routine -- CALL CHKDRV() C -- Mouse init call -- M1 = 0 CALL MOUSES(M1, M2, M3, M4) IF ( M1 .EQ. 0 ) THEN WRITE(*,*)' Microsoft Mouse not found' STOP ENDIF C -- Place cursor in the center of the screen -- M1 = 4 M3 = 200 M4 = 100 CALL MOUSES(M1, M2, M3, M4) C -- Set minimum and maximum horizontal position -- M1 = 7 M3 = 150 M4 = 450 CALL MOUSES(M1, M2, M3, M4) C -- Set minimum and maximum vertical position -- M1 = 8 M3 = 50 M4 = 150 CALL MOUSES(M1, M2, M3, M4) CALL GRAF() WRITE(*,*) ' Cursor is limited to the center of the screen.' WRITE(*,*) ' Press the left mouse button to EXIT.' M1 = 1 CALL MOUSES(M1, M2, M3, M4) C -- Loop for left mouse button pressed -- M2 = 9999 100 M1 = 3 CALL MOUSES(M1, M2, M3, M4) IF ( M2 .NE. 1 ) GOTO 100 STOP END Making Calls from Microsoft C To make a mouse function call from a program in Microsoft C (version 3.0 or later): 1 Include statements in your program that check if the mouse driver is installed. These statements must appear before any calls to mouse functions. (See the C program example on the next page.) 2 Call one of the following mouse library procedures as a regular C external routine: Use this procedure To call from a 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� CMOUSES Small-model program CMOUSEC Compact-model program CMOUSEM Medium-model program CMOUSEL Large- or huge-model program Parameters are declared as signed or unsigned integers. Since MOUSE.LIB requires that all parameters be passed by reference, precede each parameter name with "&" (address of). 3 Link the compiled program with MOUSE.LIB. (For details about using the LINK command, see your documentation on Microsoft C.) Example 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 C program 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 The following program puts an IBM Color/Graphics Adapter into 640 x 200 graphics mode and displays the default mouse cursor (the standard cursor shape described under "Sample Cursors" later in this chapter). #include #include void chkdrv(); void graf(); main() { int m1, m2, m3, m4; chkdrv(); /* check for mouse driver */ m1 = 0; /* initialize mouse */ cmouses(&m1, &m2, &m3, &m4); if ( m1 = 0 ) { printf("Microsoft Mouse not found"); exit (-1); /* exit, if mouse not found */ } m1 = 4; /* function call 4 */ m3 = 200; /* set mouse position at */ m4 = 100; /* center of the screen */ cmouses(&m1, &m2, &m3, &m4); m1 = 7; /* function call 7 */ m3 = 150; /* minimum horizontal value */ m4 = 450; /* maximum horizontal value */ cmouses(&m1, &m2, &m3, &m4); m1 = 8; /* function call 8 */ m3 = 50; /* minimum vertical value */ m4 = 150; /* maximum vertical value */ cmouses(&m1, &m2, &m3, &m4); graf(); printf("Cursor limited to the center of the screen.\n"); printf("Press the left mouse button to EXIT."); m1 = 1; /* Function 1, show cursor */ cmouses(&m1, &m2, &m3, &m4); m2 = 0; /* Loop until left mouse */ while ( m2 != 1 ) { /* button is pressed */ m1 = 3; cmouses(&m1, &m2, &m3, &m4); } m1 = 2; cmouses(&m1, &m2, &m3, &m4); } void chkdrv() { union REGS inregs, outregs; struct SREGS segregs; long address; unsign char first_byte; inregs.x.ax = 0x3533; intdosx ( &inregs, &outregs, &segregs ); address=(((long)segregs.es)||16)+(long)outregs.x.bx; first_byte=*(long far *)address; If ((address == 0) || (first_byte == 0xcf)){ printf("Mouse driver not installed"); exit(); } } void graf() { union REGS cpuregs; cpuregs.x.ax = 0x0006; int86 ( 0x10, &cpuregs, &cpuregs ); } 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Piano Program Listing This section presents the complete source code for the Piano demonstration program that came in your Microsoft Mouse package. The program is written in BASIC for the IBM Personal Computer's BASIC Interpreter. (The Piano source program listing is also in the file PIANO.BAS on the Microsoft Mouse Tools Disk.) The following is an explanation of the program details: 露컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴코컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴캠 Line numbers Comments 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 1000-1090 Copyright message 1100-1160 Set up music, clear graphics screen to blue. 1170-1250 Read in the frequencies for the various piano keys Line numbers Comments 1170-1250 Read in the frequencies for the various piano keys 1260-1380 Link the mouse software and the program. 1390-1430 Function 15 sets the mouse sensitivity. With this setting, a horizontal movement of 1.6 inches moves the cursor across the entire screen. This relatively high sensitivity permits songs to be played rapidly. Accuracy is no problem since the piano keys are large. 1440-1620 The integer array CURSOR contains the screen and cursor masks, which define the shape and color of the cursor. These statements define the screen mask; the mask is set to all ones. The mask is logically ANDed with the screen under the cursor. 1630-1810 Define the cursor mask. The values are XORed with the result of the AND operation to create the cursor shape and color. In this case, the cursor shape is a Line numbers Comments  shape and color. In this case, the cursor shape is a north-pointing arrowhead. Its color is the inverse of whatever is under it. 1820-1860 Function 9 sets the cursor shape. It also defines the cursor hot spot. In this case, the hot spot is the tip of the arrowhead. The mouse software automatically prevents the cursor hot spot from leaving the screen. 1870-1930 Read in the Microsoft logo from precalculated data and place the data on the screen. 1940-2150 Draw the white and black piano keys. 2160-2200 Draw the QUIT box in the lower-right corner. 2210-2240 Function 4 centers the cursor to just under the piano keys Line numbers Comments  2250 Function 1 turns on the cursor. The cursor appears on the screen and can be moved using the mouse. 2260-2290 Function 3 gives the status of the two mouse buttons and the location of the cursor. This is probably the most common mouse function used in applications. 2300-2370 Some decisions are made. If both mouse buttons are up, or if the cursor is not on the piano keyboard, then any sound that might be playing is turned off. 2380-2430 At this point, the mouse button is down when the cursor is over the QUIT box. The program turns off the cursor, clears the screen, then quits. 2440-2510 The program has determined that a button is down and the cursor is over the piano keyboard. These statements determine which key the mouse cursor is over. Line numbers Comments  over. 2520-2570 The note is played by the SOUND statement set with the correct frequency. This note is played in the background as the program loops back to line 2090. 2580-2630 This data contains the correct frequencies to play the musical notes. 2640-3050 Data to draw the Microsoft logo using the PUT statement. 1000 ' 1010 ' THE VIRTUAL PIANO 1020 ' 1030 ' COPYRIGHT (C) 1983 BY MICROSOFT CORPORATION 1040 ' WRITTEN BY CHRIS PETERS 1050 ' 1060 '-------------------------------------------- 1070 ' 1080 ' INITIALIZE 1090 ' 1100 DEFINT A-Z 1110 DIM CURSOR(15,1),FREQ(27,2),MICROSOFT(839) 1120 KEY OFF 1130 PLAY"MF" 1140 SCREEN 1 1150 COLOR 1,1 1160 CLS 1170 ' 1180 ' Read in the flat, normal, and sharp note frequencies 1190 ' 1200 FOR J=0 TO 2 1210 FOR I=0 TO 6 1220 READ K 1230 FREQ(I,J)=K : FREQ(I+7,J)=K*2 : FREQ(I+14,J)=K*4 : FREQ(I+21,J)=K*8 1240 NEXT 1250 NEXT 1260 ' 1270 ' Determine mouse driver location; if not found, quit. 1280 ' 1290 DEF SEG=0 1300 MSEG=256*PEEK(51*4+3)+PEEK(51*4+2) 'Get mouse segment 1310 MOUSE=256*PEEK(51*4+1)+PEEK(51*4)+2 'Get mouse offset 1320 IF MSEG OR (MOUSE-2) THEN 1370 1330 PRINT"Mouse: Microsoft Mouse driver not found" 1340 PRINT 1350 PRINT"Press any key to return to system" 1360 I$=INKEY$ : IF I$="" THEN 1360 ELSE SYSTEM 1370 DEF SEG=MSEG 'Set mouse segment 1375 IF PEEK(MOUSE-2)=207 THEN 1330 1380 M1=0 : CALL MOUSE(M1,M2,M3,M4) 'Initialize mouse 1390 ' 1400 ' Set Mouse sensitivity 1410 ' 1420 M1 = 15 : M3=4 : M4=8 1430 CALL MOUSE(M1,M2,M3,M4) 1440 ' 1450 ' Define the "logical and" cursor mask 1460 ' 1470 CURSOR( 0,0)=&HFFFF ' Binary 1111111111111111 1480 CURSOR( 1,0)=&HFFFF ' Binary 1111111111111111 1490 CURSOR( 2,0)=&HFFFF ' Binary 1111111111111111 1500 CURSOR( 3,0)=&HFFFF ' Binary 1111111111111111 1510 CURSOR( 4,0)=&HFFFF ' Binary 1111111111111111 1520 CURSOR( 5,0)=&HFFFF ' Binary 1111111111111111 1530 CURSOR( 6,0)=&HFFFF ' Binary 1111111111111111 1540 CURSOR( 7,0)=&HFFFF ' Binary 1111111111111111 1550 CURSOR( 8,0)=&HFFFF ' Binary 1111111111111111 1560 CURSOR( 9,0)=&HFFFF ' Binary 1111111111111111 1570 CURSOR(10,0)=&HFFFF ' Binary 1111111111111111 1580 CURSOR(11,0)=&HFFFF ' Binary 1111111111111111 1590 CURSOR(12,0)=&HFFFF ' Binary 1111111111111111 1600 CURSOR(13,0)=&HFFFF ' Binary 1111111111111111 1610 CURSOR(14,0)=&HFFFF ' Binary 1111111111111111 1620 CURSOR(15,0)=&HFFFF ' Binary 1111111111111111 1630 ' 1640 ' Define the "exclusive or" cursor mask 1650 ' 1660 CURSOR( 0,1)=&H0300 ' Binary 0000001100000000 1670 CURSOR( 1,1)=&H0300 ' Binary 0000001100000000 1680 CURSOR( 2,1)=&H0FC0 ' Binary 0000111111000000 1690 CURSOR( 3,1)=&H0FC0 ' Binary 0000111111000000 1700 CURSOR( 4,1)=&H3FF0 ' Binary 0011111111110000 1710 CURSOR( 5,1)=&H3FF0 ' Binary 0011111111110000 1720 CURSOR( 6,1)=&HFCFC ' Binary 1111110011111100 1730 CURSOR( 7,1)=&HC00C ' Binary 1100000000001100 1740 CURSOR( 8,1)=&H0000 ' Binary 0000000000000000 1750 CURSOR( 9,1)=&H0000 ' Binary 0000000000000000 1760 CURSOR(10,1)=&H0000 ' Binary 0000000000000000 1770 CURSOR(11,1)=&H0000 ' Binary 0000000000000000 1780 CURSOR(12,1)=&H0000 ' Binary 0000000000000000 1790 CURSOR(13,1)=&H0000 ' Binary 0000000000000000 1800 CURSOR(14,1)=&H0000 ' Binary 0000000000000000 1810 CURSOR(15,1)=&H0000 ' Binary 0000000000000000 1820 ' 1830 ' Set the mouse cursor shape 1840 ' 1850 M1 = 9 : M2 = 6 : M3 = 0 1860 CALL MOUSE(M1,M2,M3,CURSOR(0,0)) 1870 ' 1880 ' Draw the MICROSOFT logo from pre-calculated data 1890 ' 1900 FOR I=0 TO 779 1910 READ MICROSOFT(I) 1920 NEXT 1930 PUT(62,0),MICROSOFT,PSET 1940 ' 1950 ' Initialize keyboard size parameters 1960 ' 1970 YL = 60 : WKL = 80 : BKL = 45 : KW = 15 : WKN = 21 1980 XL = 320-KW*WKN : YH = YL + WKL : XH = 319 : BKW2=KW3 1990 QX = 272 : QY = 176 2000 ' 2010 ' Draw the white keys 2020 ' 2030 LINE (XL,YL)-(XH,YH),3,BF 2040 FOR I=XL TO XH STEP KW 2050 LINE (I,YL)-(I,YH),0 2060 NEXT 2070 ' 2080 ' Draw the "black" keys 2090 ' 2100 C=6 2110 FOR X=XL TO XH STEP KW 2120 C=C+1 : IF C=7 THEN C=0 2130 IF C=0 OR C=3 THEN 2150 2140 LINE(X-BKW2,YL)-(X+BKW2,YL+BKL),2,BF 2150 NEXT 2160 ' 2170 ' Draw the quit box 2180 ' 2190 LINE(QX,QY)-(319,199),3,B 2200 LOCATE 24,36 : PRINT"Quit"; 2210 ' 2220 ' Set mouse cursor location, then turn on cursor 2230 ' 2240 M1 = 4 : M3 = 320 : M4 = 160 : CALL MOUSE(M1,M2,M3,M4) 2250 M1 = 1 : CALL MOUSE(M1,M2,M3,M4) 2260 ' 2270 ' MAIN LOOP 2280 ' 2290 M1=3 : CALL MOUSE(M1,BT,MX,MY) 'Get mouse location and button status 2300 IF (BT AND 2) THEN OTV=7 : GOTO 2340 'If right button down, set high octave 2310 IF (BT AND 1) THEN OTV=0 : GOTO 2340 'If left button down, set lower octave 2320 SOUND 442,0 'If both buttons up, turn off sound 2330 GOTO 2290 'Keep looping... 2340 MX = MX2 'Correct for medium resolution screen 2350 IF MX <= XL OR MY < YL THEN 2320 'If above keyboard, turn off sound 2360 IF MY <= YH THEN 2470 'If on keyboard, play sound 2370 IF MY < QY OR MX < QX THEN 2320' 'If above quit box, turn off sound 2380 ' 2390 ' Button down inside the quit box 2400 ' 2410 M1=2 : CALL MOUSE(M1,M2,M3,M4) 'Turn off mouse cursor 2420 CLS ' Clear screen 2430 END ' Quit 2440 ' 2450 ' Button down over keyboard, determine which key 2460 ' 2470 WKY = (MX-XL)kW+OTV : R = 1 'Get which white key cursor is over 2480 IF MY > YL+BKL THEN 2560 'Is it lower than the black keys? 2490 MK=(MX-XL) MOD KW ' No, get which side of key 2500 IF MK <= BKW2 THEN R=0 : GOTO 2560 'Is it the left black key? 2510 IF MK >= KW-BKW2 THEN R=2 ' Is it the right black key? 2520 ' 2530 ' Play the note. For BASIC interpreter duration = 2 2540 ' For BASIC compiler duration = 1 2550 ' 2560 SOUND FREQ(WKY,R),2 2570 GOTO 2290 ' Continue looping 2580 ' 2590 ' Musical note frequencies 2600 ' 2610 DATA 131,139,156,175,185,208,233 2620 DATA 131,147,165,175,196,220,247 2630 DATA 139,156,165,185,208,233,247 2640 ' 2650 ' Data to draw the MICROSOFT logo 2660 ' 2670 DATA 462,28,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 2680 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 2690 DATA 0,0,0,-193,240,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 2700 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,768,-1,0,0,0,0,3840,-1,-16129,0, -253,0,0,-193,240 2710 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-193,0,16128,4095,252, 16128,-1,240, -256,-769,0 2720 DATA 0,0,0,0,-193,240,768,-1,255,768,-1,1023,-1, -1,240,0,0,0,-193,192 2730 DATA -256,4095,252,-253,-1,255,-256,-1,240,-253, -1,-1,768,-1,255,16128,-1,-3841,768,-1 2740 DATA 1023,-1,-1,240,0,0,0,-193,192,-256,4095,252, -193,-1,-3841,-256,-1, 252,-1009,0 2750 DATA -256,4032,-1,-16129,-253,-1,-1,768,-1,1023, -1,-1,240,0,0,0,-193,240,-253,4095 2760 DATA 252,-3841,0,-961,-256,-1,255,0,0,0,3840,-1, -16129,-241,0,-253,960,-1,1023,-1 2770 DATA -1,240,0,0,0,-193,240,-253,4095,1020,255,0, -253,-256,4032,-16129,-1,-1,-1,4092 2780 DATA 4095,-16129,-4033,0,16128,1008,-1,1023,-1,-1, 240,0,0,0,-193,252,-241,4095,1020,252 2790 DATA 0,-256,-256,960,-15361,252,0,0,4095,1023, -16129,-16321,0,3840,1008,255,0,3840,252,0 2800 DATA 0,0,0,-193,252,-241,4095,4092,240,0,16128, -64,192,-16129,0,0,0,3840,255,0 2810 DATA 255,0,768,1020,255,0,3840,252,0,0,0,0,-193, 255,-193,4095,4092,240,0,16128 2820 DATA -64,192,-12289,-1,192,-241,-12289,-3841,0, 255,0,768,1020,255,0,3840,252,0,0,0 2830 DATA 0,-193,255,-193,4095,16380,192,0,3840,-16, 960,-12289,240,0,0,-15553,-1,768,252,0 2840 DATA 0,1023,255,0,3840,252,0,0,0,0,-193,-16129, -1,4095,16380,192,0,0,-256,4032 2850 DATA -16129,0,0,0,768,-1,1008,252,0,0,1023,-1, 255,3840,252,0,0,0,0,-3265 2860 DATA -16129,-3073,4095,16380,192,0,0,-256,-1,4095, -1,0,-253,-16129,-1,1020,252,0,0,1023 2870 DATA -1,255,3840,252,0,0,0,0,-3265,-3073,-3073, 4095,16380,192,0,0,-256,-1,4095,240 2880 DATA 0,0,-16321,-241,1023,252,0,0,1023,-1,255, 3840,252,0,0,0,0,-4033,-3073,-15361 2890 DATA 4095,16380,192,0,0,-256,-1,252,0,0,0,0,16128, -15361,252,0,0,1023,-1,255 2900 DATA 3840,252,0,0,0,0,-4033,-1,-15361,4095,16380,192, 0,0,-256,-1,4092,240,0,0 2910 DATA -16321,768,-3073,252,0,0,1023,255,0,3840,252,0, 0,0,0,-4033,-193,1023,4095,4092 2920 DATA 240,0,0,-256,-64,4092,-1,192,-241,-16129,0, -3841,255,0,768,1020,255,0,3840,252 2930 DATA 0,0,0,0,-4033,-193,1023,4095,4092,240,0,16128, -64,4032,255,0,0,0,16128,252 2940 DATA -3841,255,0,768,1020,255,0,3840,252,0,0,0,0, -4033,-241,1020,4095,1020,252,0 2950 DATA -256,-256,960,1023,252,0,0,16383,1023,-3841, -16321,0,3840,1008,255,0,3840,252,0,0 2960 DATA 0,0,-4033,-241,1020,4095,1020,255,0,-253,-256, 960,-16129,-1,-1,-1,16380,-1,-3841,-4033 2970 DATA 0,16128,1008,255,0,3840,252,0,0,0,0,-4033,-253, 1008,4095,252,-3841,0,-961,-256 2980 DATA 192,-16129,0,0,0,3840,-1,-16129,-241,0,-253,960, 255,0,3840,252,0,0,0,0 2990 DATA -4033,-253,1008,4095,252,-193,768,-3841,-256, 192,-16129,-1009,0,-256,4032,-1,255,-253,240,-193 3000 DATA 768,255,0,3840,252,0,0,0,0,-4033,-256,960,4095, 252,-253,-1,255,-256,192,-16129 3010 DATA -253,-1,-1,768,-1,252,16128,-1,-3841,768,255,0, 3840,252,0,0,0,0,-4033,-256 3020 DATA 960,4095,252,16128,-1,240,-256,192,-16129,0,0, 0,0,-193,192,768,-1,255,768,255 3030 DATA 0,3840,252,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,768,-1,0,0,0,0,3840,-1 3040 DATA -16129,0,0,0,0,-193,240,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 3050 DATA 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,-193,240,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Sample Cursors This section describes the following sample graphics cursors: � Standard Cursor Shape � Up Arrow � Left Arrow � Check Mark � Pointing Hand � Diagonal Cross � Rectangular Cross � Hourglass These sample cursors illustrate the wide variety of cursor shapes that can be defined for use in application programs. The sample cursors are designed for high-resolution graphics mode. Each cursor is a white shape with a black outline on a transparent field. The shape typically suggests the type of action you may take with the mouse. For example, an arrow usually means "make a selection by pointing at an item." To use a sample cursor in an interpretive BASIC program, copy the BASIC statements presented for the cursor directly to your program. Type the statements exactly as shown, using line numbers that are consistent with your program's numbering scheme. To use a sample cursor in an assembly- or high-level-language program, define an array in your program and assign the values given for each cursor to the array elements. Assign the values in a way that will make their storage order identical to their storage order in a BASIC program. The statements in this section define only the cursor's shape. It is up to you to define the action associated with a cursor by including the necessary statements in your program. Standard Cursor Shape The standard cursor shape is a solid arrow that points up and to the left. The hot spot is just beyond the arrow's tip, so you can point to an item without covering it. The standard cursor is the most convenient shape when using the mouse to choose or select items from the screen. 100 ' 200 ' Define the screen mask 300 ' 400 CURSOR( 0,0)=&H3FFF 'Binary 0011111111111111 500 CURSOR( 1,0)=&H1FFF 'Binary 0001111111111111 600 CURSOR( 2,0)=&H0FFF 'Binary 0000111111111111 700 CURSOR( 3,0)=&H07FF 'Binary 0000011111111111 800 CURSOR( 4,0)=&H03FF 'Binary 0000001111111111 900 CURSOR( 5,0)=&H01FF 'Binary 0000000111111111 1000 CURSOR( 6,0)=&H00FF 'Binary 0000000011111111 1100 CURSOR( 7,0)=&H007F 'Binary 0000000001111111 1200 CURSOR( 8,0)=&H003F 'Binary 0000000000111111 1300 CURSOR( 9,0)=&H001F 'Binary 0000000000011111 1400 CURSOR(10,0)=&H01FF 'Binary 0000000111111111 1500 CURSOR(11,0)=&H10FF 'Binary 0001000011111111 1600 CURSOR(12,0)=&H30FF 'Binary 0011000011111111 1700 CURSOR(13,0)=&HF87F 'Binary 1111100001111111 1800 CURSOR(14,0)=&HF87F 'Binary 1111100001111111 1900 CURSOR(15,0)=&HFC3F 'Binary 1111110000111111 2000 ' 2100 ' Define the cursor mask 2200 ' 2300 CURSOR( 0,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 2400 CURSOR( 1,1)=&H4000 'Binary 0100000000000000 2500 CURSOR( 2,1)=&H6000 'Binary 0110000000000000 2600 CURSOR( 3,1)=&H7000 'Binary 0111000000000000 2700 CURSOR( 4,1)=&H7800 'Binary 0111100000000000 2800 CURSOR( 5,1)=&H7C00 'Binary 0111110000000000 2900 CURSOR( 6,1)=&H7E00 'Binary 0111111000000000 3000 CURSOR( 7,1)=&H7F00 'Binary 0111111100000000 3100 CURSOR( 8,1)=&H7F80 'Binary 0111111110000000 3200 CURSOR( 9,1)=&H78C0 'Binary 0111111111000000 3300 CURSOR(10,1)=&H7C00 'Binary 0111110000000000 3400 CURSOR(11,1)=&H4600 'Binary 0100011000000000 3500 CURSOR(12,1)=&H0600 'Binary 0000011000000000 3600 CURSOR(13,1)=&H0300 'Binary 0000001100000000 3700 CURSOR(14,1)=&H0300 'Binary 0000001100000000 3800 CURSOR(15,1)=&H0180 'Binary 0000000110000000 3900 ' 4000 ' Set the mouse cursor shape, color, and hot 4050 ' spot 4100 ' 4200 M1% = 9 4300 M2% = -1 ' Horizontal hot spot 4400 M3% = -1 ' Vertical hot spot 4500 CALL MOUSE(M1%,M2%,M3%,CURSOR(0,0)) Up Arrow The up arrow is a solid, up-directed arrow with the hot spot at the tip. This shape is useful when directing a motion on the screen with the mouse. 100 ' 200 ' Define the screen mask 300 ' 400 CURSOR( 0,0)=&HF9FF 'Binary 1111100111111111 500 CURSOR( 1,0)=&HF0FF 'Binary 1111000011111111 600 CURSOR( 2,0)=&HE07F 'Binary 1110000001111111 700 CURSOR( 3,0)=&HE07F 'Binary 1110000001111111 800 CURSOR( 4,0)=&HC03F 'Binary 1100000000111111 900 CURSOR( 5,0)=&HC03F 'Binary 1100000000111111 1000 CURSOR( 6,0)=&H801F 'Binary 1000000000011111 1100 CURSOR( 7,0)=&H801F 'Binary 1000000000011111 1200 CURSOR( 8,0)=&H000F 'Binary 0000000000001111 1300 CURSOR( 9,0)=&H000F 'Binary 0000000000001111 1400 CURSOR(10,0)=&HF0FF 'Binary 1111000011111111 1500 CURSOR(11,0)=&HF0FF 'Binary 1111000011111111 1600 CURSOR(12,0)=&HF0FF 'Binary 1111000011111111 1700 CURSOR(13,0)=&HF0FF 'Binary 1111000011111111 1800 CURSOR(14,0)=&HF0FF 'Binary 1111000011111111 1900 CURSOR(15,0)=&HF0FF 'Binary 1111000011111111 2000 ' 2100 ' Define the cursor mask 2200 ' 2300 CURSOR( 0,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 2400 CURSOR( 1,1)=&H0600 'Binary 0000011000000000 2500 CURSOR( 2,1)=&H0F00 'Binary 0000111100000000 2600 CURSOR( 3,1)=&H0F00 'Binary 0000111100000000 2700 CURSOR( 4,1)=&H1F80 'Binary 0001111110000000 2800 CURSOR( 5,1)=&H1F80 'Binary 0001111110000000 2900 CURSOR( 6,1)=&H3FC0 'Binary 0011111111000000 3000 CURSOR( 7,1)=&H3FC0 'Binary 0011111111000000 3100 CURSOR( 8,1)=&H7FE0 'Binary 0111111111100000 3200 CURSOR( 9,1)=&H0600 'Binary 0000011000000000 3300 CURSOR(10,1)=&H0600 'Binary 0000011000000000 3400 CURSOR(11,1)=&H0600 'Binary 0000011000000000 3500 CURSOR(12,1)=&H0600 'Binary 0000011000000000 3600 CURSOR(13,1)=&H0600 'Binary 0000011000000000 3700 CURSOR(14,1)=&H0600 'Binary 0000011000000000 3800 CURSOR(15,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3900 ' 4000 ' Set the mouse cursor shape, color, and hot 4050 ' spot 4100 ' 4200 M1 = 9 4300 M2 = 5 ' Horizontal hot spot 4400 M3 = 0 ' Vertical hot spot 4500 CALL MOUSE(M1,M2,M3,CURSOR(0,0)) Left Arrow The left arrow is a solid, left-directed arrow with the hot spot at the tip. This shape is useful when directing a motion on the screen with the mouse. To generate a right arrow, just reverse the binary bit pattern for each array element and move the hot spot to the new tip. For example, the first element, Binary 1111111000011111 (&HFE1F), becomes Binary 1111100001111111 (&HF87F). 100 ' 200 ' Define the screen mask 300 ' 400 CURSOR( 0,0)=&HFE1F 'Binary 1111111000011111 500 CURSOR( 1,0)=&HF01F 'Binary 1111000000011111 600 CURSOR( 2,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 700 CURSOR( 3,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 800 CURSOR( 4,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 900 CURSOR( 5,0)=&HF01F 'Binary 1111000000011111 1000 CURSOR( 6,0)=&HFE1F 'Binary 1111111000011111 1100 CURSOR( 7,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1200 CURSOR( 8,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1300 CURSOR( 9,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1400 CURSOR(10,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1500 CURSOR(11,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1600 CURSOR(12,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1700 CURSOR(13,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1800 CURSOR(14,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1900 CURSOR(15,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 2000 2100 ' Define the cursor mask 2200 ' 2300 CURSOR( 0,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 2400 CURSOR( 1,1)=&H00C0 'Binary 0000000011000000 2500 CURSOR( 2,1)=&H07C0 'Binary 0000011111000000 2600 CURSOR( 3,1)=&H7FFE 'Binary 0111111111111110 2700 CURSOR( 4,1)=&H07C0 'Binary 0000011111000000 2800 CURSOR( 5,1)=&H07C0 'Binary 0000000011000000 2900 CURSOR( 6,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3000 CURSOR( 7,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3100 CURSOR( 8,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3200 CURSOR( 9,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3300 CURSOR(10,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3400 CURSOR(11,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3500 CURSOR(12,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3600 CURSOR(13,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3700 CURSOR(14,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3800 CURSOR(15,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3900 ' 4000 ' Set the mouse cursor shape, color, and hot 4050 ' spot 4100 ' 4200 M1 = 9 4300 M2 = 0 ' Horizontal hot spot 4400 M3 = 3 ' Vertical hot spot 4500 CALL MOUSE(M1,M2,M3,CURSOR(0,0)) Check Mark The check mark is a solid figure with the hot spot in the center of the "V" formed by the check. This shape can be used when checking off items in a list with the mouse or while a program is checking some aspect of its operation. 100 ' 200 ' Define the screen mask 300 ' 400 CURSOR( 0,0)=&HFFF0 'Binary 1111111111110000 500 CURSOR( 1,0)=&HFFE0 'Binary 1111111111100000 600 CURSOR( 2,0)=&HFFCO 'Binary 1111111111000000 700 CURSOR( 3,0)=&HFF81 'Binary 1111111110000001 800 CURSOR( 4,0)=&HFF03 'Binary 1111111100000011 900 CURSOR( 5,0)=&H0607 'Binary 0000011000000111 1000 CURSOR( 6,0)=&H000F 'Binary 0000000000001111 1100 CURSOR( 7,0)=&H001F 'Binary 0000000000011111 1200 CURSOR( 8,0)=&HC03F 'Binary 1100000000111111 1300 CURSOR( 9,0)=&HF07F 'Binary 1111000001111111 1400 CURSOR(10,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1500 CURSOR(11,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1600 CURSOR(12,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1700 CURSOR(13,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1800 CURSOR(14,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1900 CURSOR(15,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 2000 ' 2100 ' Define the cursor mask 2200 ' 2300 CURSOR( 0,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 2400 CURSOR( 1,1)=&H0006 'Binary 0000000000000110 2500 CURSOR( 2,1)=&H000C 'Binary 0000000000001100 2600 CURSOR( 3,1)=&H0018 'Binary 0000000000011000 2700 CURSOR( 4,1)=&H0030 'Binary 0000000000110000 2800 CURSOR( 5,1)=&H0060 'Binary 0000000001100000 2900 CURSOR( 6,1)=&H70C0 'Binary 0111000011000000 3000 CURSOR( 7,1)=&H1D80 'Binary 0001110110000000 3100 CURSOR( 8,1)=&H0700 'Binary 0000011100000000 3200 CURSOR( 9,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3300 CURSOR(10,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3400 CURSOR(11,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3500 CURSOR(12,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3600 CURSOR(13,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3700 CURSOR(14,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3800 CURSOR(15,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3900 ' 4000 ' Set the mouse cursor shape, color, and hot 4050 ' spot 4100 ' 4200 M1 = 9 4300 M2 = 6 ' Horizontal hot spot 4400 M3 = 7 ' Vertical hot spot 4500 CALL MOUSE(M1,M2,M3,CURSOR(0,0)) Pointing Hand The pointing hand is a solid figure with the hot spot at the tip of the extended finger. The pointing hand is another convenient shape to use when choosing or selecting items from the screen, especially if the items are represented by icons or symbols such as the keys of a piano keyboard or a calculator. 100 ' 200 ' Define the screen mask 300 ' 400 CURSOR( 0,0)=&HE1FF 'Binary 1110000111111111 500 CURSOR( 1,0)=&HE1FF 'Binary 1110000111111111 600 CURSOR( 2,0)=&HE1FF 'Binary 1110000111111111 700 CURSOR( 3,0)=&HE1FF 'Binary 1110000111111111 800 CURSOR( 4,0)=&HE1FF 'Binary 1110000111111111 900 CURSOR( 5,0)=&HE000 'Binary 1110000000000000 1000 CURSOR( 6,0)=&HE000 'Binary 1110000000000000 1100 CURSOR( 7,0)=&HE000 'Binary 1110000000000000 1200 CURSOR( 8,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 1300 CURSOR( 9,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 1400 CURSOR(10,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 1500 CURSOR(11,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 1600 CURSOR(12,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 1700 CURSOR(13,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 1800 CURSOR(14,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 1900 CURSOR(15,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 2000 ' 2100 ' Define the cursor mask 2200 ' 2300 CURSOR( 0,1)=&H1E00 'Binary 0001111000000000 2400 CURSOR( 1,1)=&H1200 'Binary 0001001000000000 2500 CURSOR( 2,1)=&H1200 'Binary 0001001000000000 2600 CURSOR( 3,1)=&H1200 'Binary 0001001000000000 2700 CURSOR( 4,1)=&H1200 'Binary 0001001000000000 2800 CURSOR( 5,1)=&H13FF 'Binary 0001001111111111 2900 CURSOR( 6,1)=&H1249 'Binary 0001001001001001 3000 CURSOR( 7,1)=&H1249 'Binary 0001001001001001 3100 CURSOR( 8,1)=&HF249 'Binary 1111001001001001 3200 CURSOR( 9,1)=&H9001 'Binary 1001000000000001 3300 CURSOR(10,1)=&H9001 'Binary 1001000000000001 3400 CURSOR(11,1)=&H9001 'Binary 1001000000000001 3500 CURSOR(12,1)=&H8001 'Binary 1000000000000001 3600 CURSOR(13,1)=&H8001 'Binary 1000000000000001 3700 CURSOR(14,1)=&H8001 'Binary 1000000000000001 3800 CURSOR(15,1)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 3900 ' 4000 ' Set the mouse cursor shape, color, and hot 4050 ' spot 4100 ' 4200 M1 = 9 4300 M2 = 5 ' Horizontal hot spot 4400 M3 = 0 ' Vertical hot spot 4500 CALL MOUSE(M1,M2,M3,CURSOR(0,0)) Diagonal Cross The diagonal cross is a solid figure with the hot spot at the center of the cross. This shape is useful as a pointer in a game, or when canceling an operation or deleting an item from a list. 100 ' 200 ' Define the screen mask 300 ' 400 CURSOR( 0,0)=&H07E0 'Binary 0000011111100000 500 CURSOR( 1,0)=&H0180 'Binary 0000000110000000 600 CURSOR( 2,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 700 CURSOR( 3,0)=&HC003 'Binary 1100000000000011 800 CURSOR( 4,0)=&HF00F 'Binary 1111000000001111 900 CURSOR( 5,0)=&HC003 'Binary 1100000000000011 1000 CURSOR( 6,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 1100 CURSOR( 7,0)=&H0180 'Binary 0000000110000000 1200 CURSOR( 8,0)=&H07E0 'Binary 0000011111000000 1300 CURSOR( 9,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1400 CURSOR(10,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1500 CURSOR(11,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1600 CURSOR(12,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1700 CURSOR(13,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1800 CURSOR(14,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1900 CURSOR(15,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 2000 ' 2100 ' Define the cursor mask 2200 ' 2300 CURSOR( 0,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 2400 CURSOR( 1,1)=&H700E 'Binary 0111000000001110 2500 CURSOR( 2,1)=&H1C38 'Binary 0001110000111000 2600 CURSOR( 3,1)=&H0660 'Binary 0000011001100000 2700 CURSOR( 4,1)=&H03C0 'Binary 0000001111000000 2800 CURSOR( 5,1)=&H0660 'Binary 0000011001100000 2900 CURSOR( 6,1)=&H1C38 'Binary 0001110000111000 3000 CURSOR( 7,1)=&H700E 'Binary 0111000000001110 3100 CURSOR( 8,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3200 CURSOR( 9,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3300 CURSOR(10,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3400 CURSOR(11,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3500 CURSOR(12,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3600 CURSOR(13,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3700 CURSOR(14,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3800 CURSOR(15,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3900 ' 4000 ' Set the mouse cursor shape, color, and hot 4050 ' spot 4100 ' 4200 M1 = 9 4300 M2 = 7 ' Horizontal hot spot 4400 M3 = 4 ' Vertical hot spot 4500 CALL MOUSE(M1,M2,M3,CURSOR(0,0)) Rectangular Cross The rectangular cross is a solid figure with the hot spot at the center of the cross. This shape is useful as a pointer in a game, or when inserting items into a list. 100 ' 200 ' Define the screen mask 300 ' 400 CURSOR( 0,0)=&HFC3F 'Binary 1111110000111111 500 CURSOR( 1,0)=&HFC3F 'Binary 1111110000111111 600 CURSOR( 2,0)=&HFC3F 'Binary 1111110000111111 700 CURSOR( 3,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 800 CURSOR( 4,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 900 CURSOR( 5,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 1000 CURSOR( 6,0)=&HFC3F 'Binary 1111110000111111 1100 CURSOR( 7,0)=&HFC3F 'Binary 1111110000111111 1200 CURSOR( 8,0)=&HFC3F 'Binary 1111110000111111 1300 CURSOR( 9,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1400 CURSOR(10,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1500 CURSOR(11,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1600 CURSOR(12,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1700 CURSOR(13,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1800 CURSOR(14,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 1900 CURSOR(15,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 2000 ' 2100 ' Define the cursor mask 2200 ' 2300 CURSOR( 0,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 2400 CURSOR( 1,1)=&H0180 'Binary 0000000110000000 2500 CURSOR( 2,1)=&H0180 'Binary 0000000110000000 2600 CURSOR( 3,1)=&H0180 'Binary 0000000110000000 2700 CURSOR( 4,1)=&H7FFE 'Binary 0111111111111110 2800 CURSOR( 5,1)=&H0180 'Binary 0000000110000000 2900 CURSOR( 6,1)=&H0180 'Binary 0000000110000000 3000 CURSOR( 7,1)=&H0180 'Binary 0000000110000000 3100 CURSOR( 8,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3200 CURSOR( 9,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3300 CURSOR(10,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3400 CURSOR(11,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3500 CURSOR(12,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3600 CURSOR(13,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3700 CURSOR(14,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3800 CURSOR(15,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3900 ' 4000 ' Set the mouse cursor shape, color, and hot 4050 ' spot 4100 ' 4200 M1 = 9 4300 M2 = 7 ' Horizontal hot spot 4400 M3 = 4 ' Vertical hot spot 4500 CALL MOUSE(M1,M2,M3,CURSOR(0,0)) Hourglass The hourglass is a solid figure with the hot spot at the center of the glass. This shape can be used to show that the operation in progress will take some time to complete. 100 ' 200 ' Define the screen mask 300 ' 500 CURSOR( 1,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 600 CURSOR( 2,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 700 CURSOR( 3,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 800 CURSOR( 4,0)=&H8001 'Binary 1000000000000001 900 CURSOR( 5,0)=&HC003 'Binary 1100000000000011 1000 CURSOR( 6,0)=&HE007 'Binary 1110000000000111 1100 CURSOR( 7,0)=&HF00F 'Binary 1111000000001111 1200 CURSOR( 8,0)=&HE007 'Binary 1110000000000111 1300 CURSOR( 9,0)=&HC003 'Binary 1100000000000011 1400 CURSOR(10,0)=&H8001 'Binary 1000000000000001 1500 CURSOR(11,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 1600 CURSOR(12,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 1700 CURSOR(13,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 1800 CURSOR(14,0)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 1900 CURSOR(15,0)=&HFFFF 'Binary 1111111111111111 2000 ' 2100 ' Define the cursor mask 2200 ' 2300 CURSOR( 0,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 2400 CURSOR( 1,1)=&H7FFE 'Binary 0111111111111110 2500 CURSOR( 2,1)=&H6006 'Binary 0110000000000110 2600 CURSOR( 3,1)=&H300C 'Binary 0011000000001100 2700 CURSOR( 4,1)=&H1818 'Binary 0001100000011000 2800 CURSOR( 5,1)=&H0C30 'Binary 0000110000110000 2900 CURSOR( 6,1)=&H0660 'Binary 0000011001100000 3000 CURSOR( 7,1)=&H03C0 'Binary 0000001111000000 3100 CURSOR( 8,1)=&H0660 'Binary 0000011001100000 3200 CURSOR( 9,1)=&H0C30 'Binary 0000110000110000 3300 CURSOR(10,1)=&H1998 'Binary 0001100110011000 3400 CURSOR(11,1)=&H33CC 'Binary 0011001111001100 3500 CURSOR(12,1)=&H67E6 'Binary 0110011111100110 3600 CURSOR(13,1)=&H7FFE 'Binary 0111111111111110 3700 CURSOR(14,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3800 CURSOR(15,1)=&H0000 'Binary 0000000000000000 3900 ' 4000 ' Set the mouse cursor shape, color, and hot 4050 ' spot 4100 ' 4200 M1 = 9 4300 M2 = 7 ' Horizontal hot spot 4400 M3 = 7 ' Vertical hot spot 4500 CALL MOUSE(M1,M2,M3,CURSOR(0,0)) 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� 8 Writing Mouse Programs for IBM EGA Modes If your application program includes mouse support for IBM enhanced graphics modes D, E, F, and 10, your program must interact with the IBM Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) through the Microsoft EGA Register Interface Library (EGA.LIB). EGA.LIB is included on the Microsoft Mouse Tools disk. If your program tries to set the EGA registers directly, rather than through this interface, the mouse cursor will not be drawn correctly. The EGA Register Interface allows your program to write to and read from write-only registers on the EGA. You need this capability to use interrupt-driven graphics, such as the cursor update code. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� The EGA Register Interface Library The Microsoft EGA Register Interface Library consists of nine functions that can be called from assembly-language programs or from programs written in high-level languages such as Microsoft QuickBASIC, Pascal, FORTRAN, and C. These functions: � Read from or write to one or more of the EGA write-only registers � Define default values for EGA write-only registers or reset the registers to these default values � Check whether the EGA Register Interface is present and, if so, return its version number How the Interface Library Works The mouse driver loads the EGA Register Interface Library if it detects an EGA installed in the system. The interface maintains shadow maps (memory images) of the EGA write-only registers, which allow application programs to read these registers. The shadow maps are updated whenever your program calls one of the interface functions to set a register; therefore, the shadow maps always contain the last values written to the registers. When your program calls one of the interface functions to read a register, the function call returns the value stored in the shadow map. The code in the interface intercepts mode-change calls to the BIOS ROM (INT 10h with AH = 0) and updates the shadow maps and default register tables accordingly. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� How to Call the EGA Register Interface Library This section shows how to call functions in the EGA Register Interface Library from programs written in assembly language and high-level languages. Making Calls from Assembly-Language Programs To call EGA Register Interface functions from an assembly-language program: 1 Load the AX, BX, CX, DX, and ES registers (as required) with the parameter values. 2 Execute software interrupt 16 (10h). Values returned by the EGA Register Interface functions are placed in the registers. When called from assembly-language programs, functions F2, F3, F4, F5, and F7 expect ES:BX to be a table pointer. Example Use the following instructions to set the palette registers to the values in the array "mytable": mytable db 00h,01h,02h,03h,04h,05h,14h,07h db 38h,39h,3ah,3bh,3ch,3dh,3eh,3fh . . . mov ax, ds mov es, ax ;set es to the data segment mov bx, offset mytable ;now es:bx --> mytable mov cx, 0010h ;starting at reg 0 for 16 mov dx, 18h ;18h = attribute chip mov ah, 0f3h ;f3h = write register range int 10h ;go! . . . Making Calls from High-Level-Language Programs You can include EGA Register Interface function calls in QuickBASIC, Pascal, FORTRAN, and C programs as ordinary procedure calls. To make an EGA function call from a high-level-language program: 1 Declare the appropriate procedure as an external procedure: For compiled BASIC and Pascal programs, use the procedure "EGA" if the argument addresses are in the program's data segment (short addresses), or the procedure "EGAS" if the arguments are in another segment (long addresses). For FORTRAN programs, use the procedure "EGAS". For C programs, use the procedure "cegas" for small-model programs, the procedure "cegam" for medium-model programs, or the procedure "cegal" for large-model programs. Your program must pass the addresses (not the values) of five integer arguments to these procedures, so be sure to include an appropriate parameter list in the declarations. 2 Use the normal calling conventions to make the calls. 3 Link the compiled program with EGA.LIB. All functions require five parameters: E1, E2, E3, E4, and E5. The following table shows how these parameters correspond to the registers listed in the function descriptions: Parameter Register 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� E1 AH E2 BX E3 CX E4 DX E5 ES E5 is a dummy parameter for all functions except function FA (Interrogate Driver). For function FA, the value returned for ES is placed in E5. Use the following conventions when calling functions F2, F3, F4, F5, and F7 from a high-level-language program: � Procedures that use short argument addresses ("EGA", "cegas", and "cegam") set register ES to the value in register DS when they are called. Procedures that use long argument addresses ("EGAS" and "cegal") set register ES to the value of the segment passed as part of parameter E2. � In BASIC, FORTRAN, and Pascal programs, fill an integer array (packed 2 bytes per integer) with the table values required by the function. Pass the first element of the array as parameter E2. In C programs, fill a character array with the table values required by the function. Pass either the name of the array or a pointer to the array as parameter E2. Examples In a Pascal program with long argument addresses, use the following statement to declare "EGAS" as an external procedure: PROCEDURE EGAS (VARS E1, E2, E3, E4, E5:INTEGER); EXTRN; Once the procedure has been declared, use the following statements to restore the default settings for the EGA registers: E1 := 246 (*Function number is 246 = F6 (hexadecimal)*) EGAS(E1, E2, E3, E4, E5) In a small-model C program (version 3.0 or later), the following example restores the default settings for the EGA registers: int ah, bx, cx, dx, es; ah = 0xF6; /* restore default settings */ cegas(&ah, &bx, &cx, &dx, &es); In a QuickBASIC program, the following example prints the version number of the EGA Register Interface: ' Interrogate driver, get version number. ' e1% = &h00FA e2% = 0 call ega(e1%, e2%, e3%, e4%, e5%) if (e2% <> 0) then 100 print "EGA Register Interface not found" end 100 print "EGA Register Interface found, version " def seg = e5% majver = peek(e2%) minver = peek(e2% + 1) def seg print " = "; print majver; print "."; print minver def seg 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Restrictions on Use of the EGA Register Interface Library This section describes restrictions on the ways that application programs can use the EGA Register Interface Library. Calls to BIOS ROM Video Routines The EGA Register Interface Library only intercepts calls to the BIOS ROM video routines (INT 10h, AH = 13h or less) that change the screen mode (AH = 0). It does not intercept any other BIOS ROM video routine calls. However, any other BIOS ROM video routine calls should restore all registers, so there is no problem in using them. A call to interrupt 10h to set the color palette (AH = Bh) is an exception to this rule. Use EGA Register Interface function F5 to set the color palette. (For more information about function F5, see "EGA Register Interface Functions" later in this chapter.) Attribute Controller Registers Before your application program uses the Attribute Controller registers (I/O address 3C0h) in an extended interrupt 10h call, the program must set the Address or Data register flip-flop to the Address register (by doing an input from I/O port 3BAh or 3DAh). The flip-flop is always reset to this state when the program returns from the interrupt 10h call. An interrupt routine that accesses the attribute chip always leaves the flip-flop set to the Address register when the program returns from the interrupt call. Therefore, if your application program sets the flip-flop to the Data register and expects the flip-flop to remain in this state, the program must disable interrupts between the time it sets the flip-flop to the Data register state and the last time the flip-flop is assumed to be in this state. Sequencer Memory Mode Register When the Sequencer Memory Mode register (I/O address 3C5h, data register 4) is accessed, the sequencer produces a glitch on the CAS lines that may cause problems with video random-access memory (VRAM). As a result, your application program cannot use the EGA Register Interface to read from or write to this register. Instead, use the following procedure to safely alter this register: 1 Disable interrupts. 2 Set Synchronous Reset (bit 1) in the Sequencer Reset register to 0. 3 Read/modify/write the Sequencer Memory Mode register. 4 Set Synchronous Reset (bit 1) in the Sequencer Reset register to 1. 5 Enable interrupts. Input Status Registers Your application program cannot use the EGA Register Interface to read Input Status registers 0 (I/O address 3C2h) and 1 (I/O address 3BAh or 3DAh). If the program must read these registers, it should do so directly. Graphics Controller Miscellaneous Register When the Graphics Controller Miscellaneous register (I/O address 3CFh, data register 6) is accessed, a glitch on the CAS lines occurs that may cause problems with video random-access memory (VRAM). As a result, your application program should not use the EGA Register Interface to read from or write to this register. EGA Register Interface function F6 does not alter the state of the Graphics Controller Miscellaneous register. Use the following procedure to safely alter this register: 1 Disable interrupts. 2 Set Synchronous Reset (bit 1) in the Sequencer Reset register to 0. 3 Read/modify/write the Graphics Controller Miscellaneous register. 4 Set Synchronous Reset (bit 1) in the Sequencer Reset register to 1. 5 Enable interrupts. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� EGA Register Interface Functions This section describes each EGA Register Interface function in detail. The following list shows these functions by function number: Number (Hex) Function 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� F0 Read one register F1 Write one register F2 Read register range F3 Write register range F4 Read register set F5 Write register set F6 Revert to default registers F7 Define default register table FA Interrogate driver Note Calls F8h, F9h, and FBh through FFh are reserved. Each function description includes: � The parameters required to make the call (input) and the expected return values (output) � Any special considerations regarding the function If the function description does not specify an input for a parameter, you don't need to supply a value for that parameter before making the call. If the function description does not specify an output value for a parameter, the parameter's value is the same before and after the call. Caution The EGA Register Interface does not check input values, so be sure that the values you load into the registers are correct before making a call. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function F0: Read One Register Function F0 reads data from a specified register on the EGA. Input: AH = F0h BX = Pointer for pointer/data chips: BH = 0 BL = pointer Ignored for single registers DX = Port number: Pointer/data chips 0h: CRT Controller (3?4h) 8h: Sequencer (3C4h) 10h: Graphics Controller (3CEh) 18h: Attribute Controller (3C0h) Single registers 20h: Miscellaneous Output register (3C2h) 28h: Feature Control register (3?Ah) 30h: Graphics 1 Position register (3CCh) 38h: Graphics 2 Position register (3CAh) ? = B for monochrome modes or D for color modes Output: AX: Restored BH: Restored BL: Data DX: Restored All other registers restored Examples The following example saves the contents of the Sequencer Map Mask register in "myvalue": myvalue db ? mov ah, 0f0h ;f0 = read one register mov bx, 0002h ;bh = 0 / bl = map mask ;index mov dx, 0008h ;dx = sequencer int 10h ;get it! mov myvalue, bl ;save it! The following example saves the contents of the Miscellaneous Output register in "myvalue": myvalue db ? mov ah, 0f0h ;f0 = read one register mov dx, 0020h ;dx = miscellaneous output ; register int 10h ;get it! mov myvalue, bl ;save it! 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function F1: Write One Register Function F1 writes data to a specified register on the EGA. When your application program returns from a call to function F1, the contents of registers BH and DX are not restored. Your program must save and restore these registers itself if this is desired. Input: AH = F1h BL = Pointer for pointer/data chips or Data for single registers BH = Data for pointer/data chips (ignored for single registers) DX = Port number: Pointer/data chips 0h: CRT Controller (3?4h) 8h: Sequencer (3C4h) 10h: Graphics Controller (3CEh) 18h: Attribute Controller (3C0h) Single registers 20h: Miscellaneous Output register (3C2h) 28h: Feature Control register (3?Ah) 30h: Graphics 1 Position register (3CCh) 38h: Graphics 2 Position register (3CAh) ? = B for monochrome modes or D for color modes Output: AX: Restored BL: Restored BH: Not restored DX: Not restored All other registers restored Examples The following example writes the contents of "myvalue" into the CRT Controller Cursor Start register: myvalue db 3h mov ah, 0f1h ; f1 = write one register mov bh, myvalue ; bh = data from myvalue mov bl, 000ah ; bl = cursor start index mov dx, 0000h ; dx = crt controller int 10h ; write it! The following example writes the contents of "myvalue" into the Feature Control register: myvalue db 2h mov ah, 0f1h ; f1 = write one register mov bl, myvalue ; bl = data from myvalue mov dx, 0028h ; dx = feature control ; register int 10h ; write it! 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function F2: Read Register Range Function F2 reads data from a specified range of registers on the EGA. A range of registers is defined to be several registers on a single chip that have consecutive indexes. This call makes sense only for the pointer/data chips. Input: AH = F2h CH = Starting pointer value CL = Number of registers (must be > 1) DX = Port number: 0h: CRT Controller (3?4h) 8h: Sequencer (3C4h) 10h: Graphics Controller (3CEh) 18h: Attribute Controller (3C0h) ? = B for monochrome modes or D for color modes ES:BX = Points to table of one-byte entries (length = value in CL). On return, each entry is set to the contents of the corresponding register. Output: AX: Restored BX: Restored CX: Not restored DX: Restored ES: Restored All other registers restored Example The following example saves the contents of the Attribute Controller Palette registers in "paltable": paltable db 16 dup (?) mov ax, ds ; assume paltable in ; data segment mov es, ax ; es = data segment mov bx, offset paltable ; es:bx = paltable ; address mov ah, 0f2h ; f2 = read register ; range mov cx, 0010h ; ch = start index of 0 ; cl = 16 registers ; to read mov dx, 0018h ; dx = attribute ; controller int 10h ; read them! 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function F3: Write Register Range Function F3 writes data to a specified range of registers on the EGA. A range of registers is defined to be several registers on a single chip that have consecutive indexes. This call only makes sense for the pointer/data chips. Input: AH = F3h CH = Starting pointer value CL = Number of registers (must be > 1) DX = Port number 0h: CRT Controller (3?4h) 8h: Sequencer (3C4h) 10h: Graphics Controller (3CEh) 18h: Attribute Controller (3C0h) ? = B for monochrome modes or D for color modes ES:BX = Points to table of one-byte entries (length = value in CL). Each entry contains the value to be written to the corresponding register. Output: AX: Restored BX: Not restored CX: Not restored DX: Not restored ES: Restored All other registers restored Example The following example writes the contents of "cursloc" into the CRT Controller Cursor Location High and Cursor Location Low registers. cursloc db 01h, 00h ; cursor at page ; offset 0100h mov ax, ds ; assume cursloc in ; data segment mov es, ax ; es=data segment mov bx, offset cursloc ; es:bx=cursloc address mov ah, 0f3h ; f3=write register ; range mov cx, 0e02h ; ch=start index of 14 ; cl=2 registers to ; write mov dx, 0000h ; dx=crt controller int 10h ; write them! 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function F4: Read Register Set Function F4 reads data from a set of registers on the EGA. A set of registers is defined to be several registers that may or may not have consecutive indexes, and that may or may not be on the same chip. Input: AH = F4h CX = Number of registers (must be > 1) ES:BX = Points to table of records with each entry in this format: Bytes 1-2: Port number Pointer/data chips 0h: CRT Controller (3?4h) 8h: Sequencer (3C4h) 10h: Graphics Controller (3CEh) 18h: Attribute Controller (3C0h) Single registers 20h: Miscellaneous Output register (3C2h) 28h: Feature Control register (3?Ah) 30h: Graphics 1 Position register (3CCh) 38h: Graphics 2 Position register (3CAh) ? = B for monochrome modes or D for color modes Byte 3: Pointer value (0 for single registers) Byte 4: EGA Register Interface fills in data read from register specified in bytes 1-3. Output: AX: Restored BX: Restored CX: Not restored ES: Restored All other registers restored Example The following example saves the contents of the Miscellaneous Output register, Sequencer Memory Mode register, and CRT Controller Mode Control register in "results": outvals dw 0020h ; miscellaneous output register db 0 ; 0 for single registers db ? ; returned value dw 0008h ; sequencer db 04h ; memory mode register index db ? ; returned value dw 0000h ; crt controller db 17h ; mode control register index db ? ; returned value results db 3 dup (?) mov ax, ds ; assume outvals in ; data segment mov es, ax ; es=data segment mov bx, offset outvals ; es:bx=outvals address mov ah, 0f4h ; f4=read register set mov cx, 3 ; number of entries in ; outvals int 10h ; get values into ; outvals! mov si, 3 ; move the returned ; values from add si, offset outvals ; outvals mov di, offset results ; to results mov cx, 3 ; 3 values to move movloop: mov ax, [si] ; move one value from outvals mov [di], ax ; to results add si, 4 ; skip to next source byte inc di ; point to next destination loop movloop ; byte 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function F5: Write Register Set Function F5 writes data to a set of registers on the EGA. A set of registers is defined to be several registers that may or may not have consecutive indexes, and that may or may not be on the same chip. Input: AH = F5h CX = Number of registers (must be > 1) ES:BX = Points to table of values with each entry in this format: Bytes 1-2: Port number Pointer/data chips 0h: CRT Controller (3?4h) 8h: Sequencer (3C4h) 10h: Graphics Controller (3CEh) 18h: Attribute Controller (3C0h) Single registers 20h: Miscellaneous Output register (3C2h) 28h: Feature Control register (3?Ah) 30h: Graphics 1 Position register (3CCh) 38h: Graphics 2 Position register (3CAh) ? = B for monochrome modes or D for color modes Byte 3: Pointer value (0 for single registers) Byte 4: Data to be written to register specified in bytes 1-3 Output AX: Restored BX: Restored CX: Not restored ES: Restored All other registers restored Example The following example writes the contents of "outvals" to the Miscellaneous Output register, Sequencer Memory Mode register, and CRT Controller Mode Control register: outvals dw 0020h ; miscellaneous output register db 0 ; 0 for single registers db 0a7h ; output value dw 0008h ; sequencer db 04h ; memory mode register index db 03h ; output value dw 0000h ; crt controller db 17h ; mode control register index db 0a3h ; output value mov ax, ds ; assume outvals in ; data segment mov es, ax ; es=data segment mov bx, offset outvals ; es:bx=outvals address mov ah, 0f5h ; f5=write register set mov cx, 3 ; number of entries in ; outvals int 10h ; write the registers! 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function F6: Revert to Default Registers Function F6 restores the default settings of any registers that your application program has changed through the EGA Register Interface. The default settings are defined in a call to function F7. Input: AH = F6h Output: All registers restored Note If your program makes an interrupt 10h (video display adapter) call to function 0 to set the display mode, the default register values will change to the BIOS values for the selected mode. Example The following example restores the default settings of the EGA registers: mov ah, 0f6h ; f6 = revert to default ; registers int 10h ; do it now! 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function F7: Define Default Register Table Function F7 defines a table containing default values for any pointer/data chip or single register. If you define default values for a pointer/data chip, you must define them for all registers within that chip. Input: AH = F7h DX = Port number: Pointer/data chips 0h: CRT Controller (3?4h) 8h: Sequencer (3C4h) 10h: Graphics Controller (3CEh) 18h: Attribute Controller (3C0h) Single registers 20h: Miscellaneous Output register (3C2h) 28h: Feature Control register (3?Ah) 30h: Graphics 1 Position register (3CCh) 38h: Graphics 2 Position register (3CAh) ? = B for monochrome modes or D for color modes ES:BX = Points to table of one-byte entries. Each entry contains the default value for the corresponding register. The table must contain entries for all registers. Output: AX: Restored BX: Not restored DX: Not restored ES: Restored All other registers restored Examples The following example defines default values for the Attribute Controller: attrdflt db 00h, 01h, 02h, 03h, 04h, 05h, 06h, 07h db 10h, 11h, 12h, 13h, 14h, 15h, 16h, 17h db 08h, 00h, 0fh, 00h mov ax, ds ; assume attrdflt in ; data segment mov es, ax ; es = data segment mov bx, offset attrdflt ; es:bx = attrdflt ; address mov ah, 0f7h ; f7 = define default ; register table mov dx, 0018h ; dx = attribute ; controller int 10h ; do it! The following example defines a default value for the Feature Control register: featdflt db 00h mov ax, ds ; assume featdflt in ; data segment mov es, ax ; es = data segment mov bx, offset featdflt ; es:bx = featdflt ; address mov ah, 0f7h ; f7 = define default ; register table mov dx, 0028h ; dx = feature control ; register int 10h ; do it! 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Function FA: Interrogate Driver Function FA interrogates the mouse driver and returns a value specifying whether or not the mouse driver is present. Input: AH = FAh BX = 0 Output: AX: Restored BX = 0 if mouse driver is not present ES:BX: Pointer to EGA Register Interface version number, if present: Byte 1: Major release number Byte 2: Minor release number (in 1/100ths) Example The following example interrogates the mouse driver and displays the results: gotmsg db "mouse driver found", 0dh, 0ah, 24h nopmsg db "mouse driver not found", 0dh, 0ah, 24h revmsg db "revision $" crlf db 0dh, 0ah, 24h ten db 10 mov bx, 0 ; must be 0 for this call mov ah, 0fah ; fa = interrogate driver int 10h ; interrogate! or bx, bx ; bx = 0 ? jnz found ; branch if driver present mov dx, offset nopmsg ; assume nopmsg in data ; segment mov ah, 09h ; 9 = print string int 21h ; output not found message jmp continue ; that all for now found: mov dx, offset gotmsg ; assume gotmsg in data ; segment mov ah, 09h ; 9 = print string int 21h ; output found message mov dx, offset revmsg ; assume revmsg in data ; segment mov ah, 09h ; 9 = print string int 21h ; output "revision " mov dl, es:[bx] ; dl = major release number add dl, "0" ; convert to ascii mov ah, 2 ; 2 = display character int 21h ; output major release ; number mov dl, "." ; dl = "." mov ah, 2 ; 2 = display character int 21h ; output a period mov al, es:[bx+1] ; al = minor release number xor ah, ah ; ah = 0 idiv ten ; al = 10ths, ah = 100ths mov bx, ax ; save ax in bx mov dl, al ; dl = 10ths add dl, "0" ; convert to ascii mov ah, 2 ; 2 = display character int 21h ; output minor release 10ths mov dl, bh ; dl = 100ths add dl, "0" ; convert to ascii mov ah, 2 ; 2 = display character int 21h ; output minor release ; 100ths mov dx, offset crlf ; assume crlf in data ; segment mov ah, 09h ; 9 = print string int 21h ; output end of line continue: ; the end 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� Appendices 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� Appendix A Mouse Command Line Switches This appendix describes the mouse command line switches you can use to customize the operation of the Control Panel and the mouse driver. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Control Panel Switches The Control Panel (CPANEL.EXE) is a memory-resident program that allows you to adjust the mouse sensitivity level-the ratio of cursor movement to actual mouse movement. (For information on using the Control Panel, see Chapter 4, "Moving the Mouse," in your Microsoft Mouse User's Guide.) Whenever you invoke the Control Panel, the program reserves memory for the area of the screen the Control Panel overlays. The amount of memory needed depends on the type of display adapter used and the complexity of the image the Control Panel overlays. The Control Panel has a default size for the overlay buffer, but you can use a command line switch to change the amount of memory reserved by the Control Panel. If your system beeps when you activate the Control Panel, the screen buffer is not large enough. Use one of the following command line switches to change the size of the buffer, depending on the type of display adapter installed in your system: Use this switch For this display adapter 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� /C IBM Color/Graphics Adapter /E IBM Enhanced Graphics Adapter /H Hercules display adapter /M IBM Monochrome Adapter /A AT&T 6300 display adapter where is a number in the range 0 to 9. The larger the number, the larger the screen overlay buffer. If no switch is specified, the default value is /E7. The size of the buffer required depends on the mode of the screen the Control Panel overlays. For example, screens displayed in the enhanced graphics modes require a larger Control Panel overlay buffer than screens displayed in text modes. In general, use a value in the range 0 to 4 if the Control Panel will overlay only text screens; use a value in the range 5 to 9 if the Control Panel will overlay graphics screens. The following table shows how many bytes of memory are occupied by the Control Panel and buffer for each possible switch setting: Setting � Switch � /M /H /A /C /E 컴컴컴컴컴컴탠컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 0 � 9712 14240 14992 9360 9360 1 � 9760 14288 15040 9456 9456 2 � 9808 14336 15088 9552 9552 3 � 9856 14384 15136 9744 9744 4 � 9904 14432 15184 10128 10128 5 � 9952 14480 15232 11872 19088 6 � 10000 14528 15280 12128 19344 7 � 10048 14576 15328 14768 29168 8 � 10096 14624 15376 15024 29424 9 � 10144 14672 15424 15280 29680 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Using a Control Panel switch 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Use a Control Panel switch to specify the size of the overlay buffer when you load the Control Panel into memory. If the Control Panel is already in memory, you must first to remove the Control Panel from memory. To remove the Control Panel from memory: � Type cpanel off To specify a screen buffer size when you load the Control Panel: � Type cpanel followed by the appropriate switch. For example, to specify the largest possible screen buffer for the area the Control Panel overlays on a CGA system, you would type cpanel/C9 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Mouse Driver Switches Use mouse driver command line switches to: � Specify the sensitivity of the mouse � Set the interrupt rate (for the InPort(R) Mouse only) � Tell the mouse driver the type and location of the Microsoft mouse installed in your system so the driver can bypass its usual procedure for determining mouse hardware configuration � Disable the mouse driver or remove it from memory 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Using a mouse driver switch 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 You can add mouse driver command line switches to the mouse command lines in the AUTOEXEC.BAT or CONFIG.SYS file, or you can type mouse and the command line switches at the DOS prompt. If you type one or more switches at the DOS prompt, there must be a space between mouse and each switch. The following sections describe how to use the mouse driver command line switches. Specifying Mouse Sensitivity Use the following command line switches to set mouse sensitivity levels: Use this switch To set 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� /S Horizontal and vertical sensitivity /H Horizontal sensitivity only /V Vertical sensitivity only /D Double-speed threshold where is a number in the range 0 to 100. The switches for the horizontal and vertical sensitivity are interpreted in the same manner as a Control Panel setting. The double- speed-threshold switch determines the threshold speed for doubling the cursor's motion on the screen. Setting a double-speed threshold makes it easier to move the cursor to widely-separated images on the screen. (You can also use mouse function 19 to build this feature into an application program. For more information, see the description of function 19 in Chapter 6, "Mouse Function Descriptions.") Setting the Interrupt Rate for the InPort Mouse If you are using an InPort Mouse, you can use one of the following command line switch settings to specify the interrupt rate for the mouse: Switch Setting Interrupt Rate 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� /R0 disabled /R1 30Hz (default) /R2 50Hz /R3 100Hz /R4 200Hz Specifying the Type and Location of the Mouse The command line switches described in this section direct the mouse driver to bypass its usual search to determine the mouse hardware configuration and to look for a particular type of Microsoft Mouse at a particular I/O port. This feature is useful if: � The mouse driver has trouble determining which port the mouse is connected to, given your system's configuration � More than one InPort device is connected to your computer � You want to decrease the time required to load the mouse driver The following table lists each switch you can use to tell the mouse driver to look for a particular mouse hardware configuration: Use this switch To look for 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� /B Bus or InPort Mouse at primary InPort address /I1 InPort Mouse at primary InPort address /I2 InPort Mouse at secondary InPort address /C1 Serial mouse on COM1 /C2 Serial Mouse on COM2 Disabling or Removing the Mouse Driver If necessary, you can disable the mouse driver or remove it from memory. Before you disable or remove the mouse driver, you need to remove the Control Panel from memory and end any Mouse Menu program you are using. To remove the Control Panel from memory: � Type cpanel off To end a Microsoft Expert Mouse Menu program: � Type filename off where filename is the name of the Expert Mouse Menu program. To end a Mouse Menu program that you wrote yourself: � Type menu off To disable or remove the mouse driver from memory: � Type mouse off If the mouse driver is MOUSE.SYS, it is disabled; if the mouse driver is MOUSE.COM, it is removed from memory. 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� Appendix B Linking Existing Mouse Programs with MOUSE.LIB (Version 6.0) If you have a high-level language program that links with an earlier version of the Microsoft Mouse Library, you may have to modify the program to link it with the new MOUSE.LIB (version 6.0) on the Microsoft Mouse Tools disk. Version 6.0 of MOUSE.LIB functions the same as the previous mouse library (version 5.03), except that version 6.0 has the following new features: � New mouse functions 20, 21, 22, 23, 29, and 30 � The fourth parameter (M4%) of mouse function 9 must be passed by reference (instead of by value). � Mouse function 16 requires four parameters (instead of five). If your program doesn't call function 9 or 16, you can link it with MOUSE.LIB (version 6.0) without modification. If your program calls function 9 or 16, you must modify the program so that it conforms with the new interface definitions before you can link it with MOUSE.LIB (version 6.0). If you do not plan to call any of the new mouse functions in your program, you may want to link the program with a previous version of the mouse library. Note Version 5.03 of the Microsoft Mouse Library is included on the Microsoft Mouse Tools disk in the file OLDMOUSE.LIB. 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� Appendix C Making Calls from Borland Turbo Pascal Programs To call mouse functions from a program in Borland Turbo Pascal, use the procedure shown below to pass the correct parameters to the mouse driver. Include this procedure in your code, then call the mouse functions by passing values into this procedure. Procedure Mouse ( Var m1, m2, m3, m4, m5 : integer ); Var CpuReg: record of AX, BX, CX, DX, BP, SI, DI, DS, ES, FLAGS: integer; end; begin {mouse} if m1 >= 0 then begin CpuReg.AX := m1; {Load parameters } CpuReg.BX := m2; { into appropriate} CpuReg.CX := m3; { registers } if (m1 = 9) or (m1 = 12) or (m1 = 20) or (m1 = 22) or (m1 = 23) then begin CpuReg.DX := ofs (m4); {m4 = pointer of } CpuReg.ES := seg (m4); { the address of } end; { the user array } { or subroutine } else if m1 = 16 begin CpuReg.CX := m2; {Left x coordinate} CpuReg.DX := m3; {Upper y coordinate} CpuReg.SI := m4; {Right x coordinate} CpuReg.DI := m5; {Lower y coordinate} end; else CpuReg.DX := m4; intr ($33, CpuReg); {Call mouse driver } { at interrupt 33h } if (m1 = 20) then {Special returns } m2:= CpuReg.ES; m1 := CpuReg.AX; {Return values back} m2 := CpuReg.BX; { to parameters } m3 := CpuReg.CX; m4 := CpuReg.DX; end; end; {mouse} 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� Appendix D Using the Hercules Graphics Card with Mouse Programs Before you use the Hercules Monochrome Graphics Card with a program that has built-in mouse support, you must do the following: 1 Put the Hercules card into graphics mode (if necessary, see the documentation that came with your Hercules card). 2 Store a 6 in memory location 40h:49h if the Hercules card is using CRT page 0. Store a 5 in memory location 40h:49h if the Hercules card is using CRT page 1. 3 Call mouse function 0 to set the mouse cursor boundaries and CRT page number to the appropriate values. .