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#Post#: 408--------------------------------------------------
Αυτα τα καθα&#
961;ματα, οι τρα	
60;εζιτες
By: mistermax Date: July 3, 2012, 10:19 am
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Κυριως
γιατι ειναι
εξουσιαστε`
2;.
Ειναι
φαινεται
επιστημονι_
4;α
γνωστο, οτι η
Αναρχικη
θεωρια εχει
επαληθευτε_
3;,
αφου οποιος
το διαβασει
καταλαβαιν^
9;ι
πως οποιος
αναλαμβανε_
3;
εξουσια,
διαφθειρετ^
5;ι
αργα ή
γρηγορα,
αλλαζουν τα
modes στον
εγκεφαλο
του. Στο
συγκεκριμε_
7;ο
αρθρο,
περιγραφετ^
5;ι
πως οι
τραπεζιτες
ειναι οι
σημερινοι
ληστες. Ο
Καπιταλισμ_
9;ς
δεν ειναι
τιποτα αλλο
παρα μια
νομιμοποιη_
6;ενη
ληστεια.
ΣΕ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ
ΤΟΥΡΚΙΑ ΚΑΙ
ΑΛΒΑΝΙΑ
Ο ΕΧΘΡΟΣ
ΕΙΝΑΙ ΣΤΙΣ
ΤΡΑΠΕΖΕΣ
ΚΑΙ ΤΑ
ΥΠΟΥΡΓΕΙΑ.
Bankers and the neuroscience of greed
On 11 August 2011, Bob Diamond, chief executive of Barclays,
delivered the BBC Today Programme business lecture. In it he
declared that "culture" was the critical element in responsible
banking, and the best test of it is "how people behave while no
one is watching." We now know that banking failed the test and
so must ask why, in Sir Mervyn King's words, "excessive
compensation", "shoddy treatment of customers", "mis-selling"
and "the deceitful manipulation of a key interest rate",
flourished in the banking sector. Cognitive neuroscience can
point to some answers.
Senior bankers hold enormous power, greater than that of many
elected national leaders. Largely unaccountable except to
occasional shareholders meetings and often quiescent boards,
their power is much less constrained than that of democratically
elected leaders. And given that power is one of the most potent
brain-changing drugs known to humankind, unconstrained power has
enormously distorting effects on behaviour, emotions and
thinking.
Holding power changes brains by boosting testosterone, which in
turn increases the chemical messenger dopamine in the brain's
reward systems. Extraordinary power causes extraordinary brain
changes, which in their extreme form manifest themselves in
personality distortions, such as those seen in dictators like
Muammar Gaddafi.
The "masters of the universe" who have arisen out of a
deregulated world financial system were given unprecedented
power that inevitably must have caused major changes to their
brains. While power in moderate doses can make people smarter,
more strategic in their thinking, bolder and less depressed, in
too-large doses it can make them egocentric and un-empathic,
greedy for rewards – financial, sexual, interpersonal, material
– likely to treat others as objects, and with a dulled
perception of risk.
This power-primed boldness and forward-looking focus on rewards
arises from a neural "approach mode" that biases attention,
memory, action and emotions towards thoughts and feelings linked
to success and conquest. Low power, on the other hand, tends to
trigger a neural "avoidance mode", where mood is low and anxiety
high because of worries about threats and future uncontrollable
events. These approach and avoidance modes are linked to
different networks in the right and left sides of the brain
respectively, and to different chemical messenger systems. The
wild oscillations of financial markets are partly the result of
traders' brains lurching between these two modes: it is a
characteristic of being in one mode that it is hard to think in
terms of the other – a bit like finding it hard to imagine a
sunny day in the middle of a bleak, dark winter day, or vice
versa.
The problem with several decades of financial deregulation and
rising profits and bonuses is that the brains of an entire
financial industry became locked into the neurological "approach
mode" and it became difficult for them even to conceive of the
downside. It is a feature of these mental modes that even
remembering events or facts which run counter to the prevailing
mood is hard – hence depressed, anxious people find it difficult
to remember good things that have happened to them, making it
even harder to escape the depression. Significantly, those in a
buoyant "approach" mode of thinking, find recalling negative
events and facts difficult.
Does that, then, explain the strange behaviour of the senior
bankers – is it simply a matter of an acquired mesmeric focus on
rewards and a stunted appreciation of risk? There is more to it
than that because power affects something else more fundamental
to the events we have witnessed and that also bears directly on
Bob Diamond's "what we do when we are not being watched" test.
Researchers at Tilburg University showed that people made to
feel more powerful cheated more when they believed themselves to
be unobserved. Power also made ordinary people more hypocritical
when making judgments about moral dilemmas, being much more
strict in applying rules to others, but much more lax in
applying them to themselves. Even tiny amounts of artificial
power, in other words, increased both immorality and hypocrisy.
And there is a further point. Senior bankers, by virtue of their
enormous wealth, sit at the top of the socioeconomic tree. Paul
Piff of the University of Berkeley found in a US-based study
that, compared with lower class people, upper class individuals
were more likely to break the law while driving, to show
unethical tendencies in decision-making, to take valued goods
from others, to lie in a negotiation, to cheat in order to
improve their chances of winning a prize, and to endorse
unethical behaviour in a work situation.
But it was not the social class itself that seemed to cause
these differences, rather it was something else that was
associated with it – greed. High social class people who were
not overly reward-focused, that is to say, who were not
particularly greedy, were not more likely to behave immorally
and illegally, this was true only of those who were greedy, with
more of the upper-class people showing signs of greed than the
lower social class ones.
It has become a cliche to explain the behaviour of bankers in
terms of greed, but cliches are not always wrong. Power and
money both act on the brain's reward system, which if
over-stimulated for long periods develops appetites that are
difficult to satisfy, just as is the case for drug addiction. We
call these appetites greed and greedy people are never
satisfied. That is the challenge for politicians and regulators.
ΣΤΑΝΤΑΡΑΚΙ,
ΟΙ "NO-POWER"
ΓΙΝΟΝΤΑΙ
"ΜΝΗΣΙΚΑΚΟΙ
ΦΑΣΙΣΤΕΣ MODE",
ΟΠΩΣ ΤΟΥΣ
ΠΕΡΙΕΓΡΑΨΕ
Ο ΝΤΙΤΕΡ
ΝΤΟΥΜ, ΕΡΙΧ
ΦΡΟΜ,
ΒΙΛΧΕΛΜ
ΡΑΙΧ.
ΧΙΤΛΕΡ-ΠΑΠΑ	
16;ΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ-ΠΟΓ
ΚΡΟΜ
ΑΥΤΟΣ ΕΙΝΑΙ
Ο
ΕΘΝΙΚΙΣΜΟΣ.
ΣΤΕΙΛΕ ΑΥΤΟ
ΤΟ ΠΟΣΤ ΣΕ 10
ΓΝΩΣΤΟΥΣ
ΣΟΥ ΜΕ EMAIL,
ΑΛΛΟΙΩΣ ΘΑ
ΓΙΝΕΙΣ
ΦΑΣΙΣΤΑΣ
και
δανειοληπτ_
1;ς.
#Post#: 1618--------------------------------------------------
Re: Αυτα τα καθ^
5;ρματα, οι τρα
;πεζιτες
By: mia putsa gia thn anula Date: September 26, 2012, 8:13 pm
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τα chain letter των
αναρχο-απλυ	
64;ων,,
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