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Σύντομη Ιστ	
59;ρία των Ημι-\
2;ομμουνιστι&#
954;ών ΗΠΑ
By: Pinochet88 Date: February 29, 2016, 12:53 am
---------------------------------------------------------
Ο λόγος
είναι
απλούστατο`
2;:
Κάθε φορα
που η τιμή
ενός αγαθού
ξεφεύγει
από το
σημείο της
ισορροπίας,
όπου η
καμπύλη
προσφοράς
των
παραγωγών
συναντά την
καμπύλη της
ζήτησης των
καταναλωτώ_
7;,
μπορεί να
υπάρξουν
μόνο δυο
πιθανά
αποτελέσμα`
4;α.
Είτε
έλλειψη,
είτε
πλεόνασμα.
Και στις δυο
περιπτώσει`
2;,
είναι οι
παραγωγικέ`
2;
ικανότητες
της
οικονομίας
να
εξυπηρετήσ^
9;ι
τις ανάγκες
της
κοινωνίας
εκείνες οι
οποίες
υφίστανται
τη βλάβη. Η
οικονομία
γίνεται
προβληματι_
4;ή,
η κοινωνία
μίζερη και
το Έθνος
χάνει
έδαφος
έναντί
άλλων Εθνών
τα οποία
αφήνονται
ελεύθερα να
αναπτυχθού_
7;
παραγωγικά
και να
εξελιχθούν
κοινωνικά.
Κάθε μια
φορά λοιπόν
που το
Κράτος
παρεμβαίνε_
3;,
βίαια
φυσικά, στην
οικονομία,
προκαλεί
ζημιά στους
ανθρώπους.
Όχι, όλους.
Σίγουρα
όμως στη
συντριπτικ^
2;
πλειοψηφία
των πολλών,
των
καταναλωτώ_
7;
και των
παραγωγών
του πλούτου,
η οποία,
αντικοινων_
3;κά
και άδικα,
καταναγκάζ^
9;ται
να
εξυπηρετήσ^
9;ι
τις
επιθυμίες
των λίγων,
των ισχυρών,
των
παρασίτων
και των
σφετεριστώ_
7;.
Εκείνοι που
επωφελούντ^
5;ι
από την
κρατική
κατάπνιξη
της
ελεύθερης
αγοράς,
τρώνε τις
σάρκες της
κοινωνίας,
ρουφάνε το
αίμα του
Έθνους τους,
μπαίνουν
ανάμεσα στη
Φυλή και τη
φυσική
έκφραση των
παραγωγικώ_
7;
της
δυνατότήτω_
7;,
του
οικονομικοa
3;
της
πεπρωμένου.
Έμφαση να
δοθεί στα
πασιφανή
αίτια της
πρόσφατης
παγκόσμιας
χρηματοπισ`
4;ωτικής
Κρίσης του
2008-2012, από την
οποία δεν
έχει
κατορθώσει
να
ανακάμψει
ακόμα η
κολλεκτιβι`
3;τική
ελληνοσοβι^
9;τική
οικονομία
κολλημένη
στον
κρατικισμό
και την
παρεμβατικa
2;τητα.
Ο Μπους ο
νεότερος,
ήταν
εκείνος που
για να
καλύψει τις
αρνητικές
επιδράσεις
που είχε ο
κοστοβόρος
πόλεμος
κατά της
"τρομοκρατί	
45;ς",
δημιούργησ^
9;
τη φούσκα
στα
στεγαστικά,
ως αντίβαρο
του
υφεσιακού
πολέμου. Η
νομιμοποίη`
3;η
αυτής της
πολιτικής
του όμως
ήταν άκρως
σοσιαλιστι_
4;ή-φασιστική-
κομμουνιστ_
3;κή.
Ήθελε να
έχουν σπίτι
οι φτωχοί, το
προλεταριά`
4;ο,
οι εργάτες
του Έθνους.
Πόσοι και
πόσοι
φτωχοί
εξαθλιώθηκ^
5;ν
από τις
συνέπειες
αητής της
κρατικής
παρεμβατικa
2;τητας.
Πόσοι και
πόσοι
μικρομεσαί_
9;ι
έγιναν
φτωχοί, δεν
περιγράφετ^
5;ι.
Και ο
πόλεμος δεν
απέφερε
κανένα
οικονομικό
έσοδο και οι
ελευθερίες
των πολιτών
(με το Patriot Act)
περιορίστη_
4;αν
σε
δραματικά
επίπεδα.
Περιττό να
αναφέρουμε
ότι εκείνοι
οι οποίοι
έπεσαν στον
πόλεμο δεν
ήταν άθεοι,
στρασερικο^
3;,
μουνιά και
υπάνθρωποι,
αλλά στην
πλειοψηφία
τους Λευκοί
Χριστιανοί
Άντρες, με
τις
οικογένειέ`
2;
τους να
ξεκληρίζον`
4;αι.
Επιπρόσθετ^
5;,
χιλιάδες τα
στελέχη του
Σαντάμ και
οι
μουτζαχεντ^
3;ν
του
Αφγανιστάν
που
εκδιώχθηκα_
7;
από τους
τόπους τους
και τώρα
βρίσκονται
στην
ανατολική
Συρία και
συνεχίζουν
τη δράση
τους ως ISIS, πιο
κοντά σε
εμάς και μας
στέλνουν
λαθραίους
υπάνθρωπου`
2;
που
νομιμοποιοa
3;ν
την
αναδιανομή
και σφάζουν
τους
γηγενείς
εδώ στην
Ευρώπη.
Δεν υπάρχει
ελπίδα για
την
ανθρωπότητ^
5;
και δη την
πολιτισμέν_
1;
ανθρωπότητ^
5;
της Ευρώπης,
όσο
επιτρέπουμ^
9;
στο Κράτος
να προκαλεί
τόσο κακό
και να
επιβάλλει
τέτοια
συμφορά.
[hr]
The Long History of Government Meddling in the American
Marketplace
February 29, 2016Mike Holly
Although the causes of economic crises reoccurring throughout US
history and often spreading worldwide can’t be proven using
empirical means, oppressive government regulations favoring
special interests in relevant industries have preceded every
crisis.
Typically, cronyism
HTML http://www.againstcronycapitalism.org/what-is-crony-capitalism/<br
/>involves support of politicians in exchange for regulations
denying others the freedom to compete with the moneyed interests
(e.g., monopolies). Less competition
HTML https://mises.org/library/human-action-0/html/pp/748
leads to
higher costs and lower quality. It reduces economic growth,
jobs, wages, innovation, and productivity. Attempts to control
economic growth through government spending and/or manipulating
interest rates
HTML https://mises.org/library/causes-economic-crisis-and-other-essays-and-after-great-depression<br
/>(e.g., stimulate growth with low rates) generally leads to mor
e
severe crises.
None of these things are recent phenomena, but can be found
again and again throughout American history.
Mercantilism
After the Revolutionary War, when the agrarian
HTML http://fee.org/articles/free-market-farming/
economy was
beginning to industrialize, politicians pursued British-style
mercantilism
HTML http://fee.org/articles/mercantilism-a-lesson-for-our-times/,<br
/>including colonialism, against natives and regulations blockin
g
competition in banking and manufacturing. Financial panics
HTML https://www.federalreserveeducation.org/about-the-fed/history<br
/>and depressions resulted under a national bank in 1792 and fro
m
1819–21 and state-regulated banks from 1837–43 and 1857–59.
The Civil War
HTML http://www.emarotta.com/protective-tariffs-the-primary-cause-of-the-civil-war/<br
/>was a dispute between Republicans representing manufacturers i
n
the North that blocked free trade with import tariffs
HTML https://mises.org/library/american-tariffs-and-wars-revolution-depression<br
/>against Europe, and Democrats representing agricultural
plantations in the South that refused to replace slavery with
mechanization using the North’s high-cost goods.
Monopolization
The “Gilded Age of Capitalism
HTML http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2014/05/08/thomas-piketty-new-gilded-age/”<br
/>shifted the economy from agriculture to industry
HTML https://www.minnpost.com/macro-micro-minnesota/2012/02/history-lessons-understanding-decline-manufacturing<br
/>led by “robber barons
HTML http://history1800s.about.com/od/1800sglossary/g/Robber-Baron-definition.htm”<br
/>who lobbied mostly Republicans
HTML https://mises.org/library/awful-truth-about-republicans.
The
government
HTML https://waltercoffey.wordpress.com/2013/01/17/corruption-and-the-transcontinental-railroad/<br
/>helped create railroad
HTML https://cei.org/blog/sad-early-history-railroad-regulation-subsidies-nationalization<br
/>monopolies with low-interest loans, land grants, and special
frontier privileges. The railroads formed a conglomerate that
monopolized much of the rest of the economy
HTML http://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/cs181/projects/corporate-monopolies/development_rrmon.html<br
/>by favoring large over small customers (e.g., Rockefeller’s
Standard Oil
HTML http://www.micheloud.com/fxm/so/alliance.htm
over farmers),
large suppliers (e.g., Carnegie Steel), and big banks (e.g.,
J.P. Morgan
HTML http://www.history.com/topics/john-pierpont-morgan).
Both railroads and banking (with both national and state banks)
were implicated in the severe financial panics
HTML http://history1800s.about.com/od/thegildedage/a/financialpanics.htm<br
/>from 1873–78 and 1893–97, occurring during the Long Depression
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Depression
of 1873–96, and
another panic in 1901. Banking regulation led to the panic in
1907
HTML http://www.econseminars.com/Financial%20Panics/_Pre-Subprime%20Crises/Panic%20of%201907_Atlanta%20Fed.pdf.
During the Progressive Era
HTML https://mises.org/library/progressive-era-and-family,
the US
used regulation to form many of today’s monopolies. From 1906 to
1910, Republicans led efforts to create state-regulated
electricity and natural gas utility monopolies
HTML http://americanhistory.si.edu/powering/past/h1main.htm,
and the
Seven Sisters
HTML http://mygeologypage.ucdavis.edu/cowen/%7Egel115/115ch13oil.html<br
/>oil and physician
HTML https://mises.org/library/real-medical-freedom
oligopolies. In
1913, Democrats sanctioned the telephone
HTML http://www.corp.att.com/history/history3.html
monopoly and
founded the Federal Reserve
HTML http://www.scionofzion.com/federalreserve.htm
banking monopoly
(i.e., which regulates the banks). After World War I, the Fed
raised interest rates which led to the depression of 1920–21
HTML https://mises.org/library/forgotten-depression-1920,
which
bankrupted many companies and led to manufacturing
HTML http://www.earlyamericanautomobiles.com/americanautomobiles24.htm<br
/>oligopolies, including in the automotive industry.
Thanks to these new frontiers in a regulated economy, by the
1920s, only 200 corporations
HTML http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/connections_n2/great_depression.html<br
/>controlled over half of all US industry and the richest 1
percent of the population owned 40 percent of the nation's
wealth. As in recent times, the Fed responded by providing easy
credit at low interest rates
HTML https://www.stlouisfed.org/publications/inside-the-vault/spring-2011/low-interest-rates-have-benefits-and-costs,<br
/>which led to increased consumer and business debt, uneconomic
and risky investments, and inflated assets, including stock
prices (further increasing wealth disparity). After the Fed
tried to raise interest rates, the result was the Great Stock
Market Crash of 1929
HTML http://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economic-letter/1999/march/monetary-policy-and-the-great-crash-of-1929-a-bursting-bubble-or-collapsing-fundamentals/.
Nationalization
During the 1930s, the crash led to the Great Depression
HTML https://mises.org/library/americas-great-depression,
the worst
financial crisis in US history, and then spread from the world’s
largest economy globally
HTML http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3433,<br
/>albeit with less severity abroad. Democrats, led by President
Roosevelt (FDR) and supported by bankers, agriculture, oil, and
labor
HTML https://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/american_jewish_history/v089/89.3wald.pdf,<br
/>tried to redistribute wealth
HTML https://www.docsoffreedom.org/readings/the-new-deal
by limiting
competition through government takeovers, including trucking,
airline, and housing industries, and restricting the supply of
food and oil. This led to continued global depression and World
War II
HTML http://blogs.spsk12.net/5853/files/2011/09/The-Causes-of-WWII-7a.1.pptx,<br
/>which was financed with debt.
Finally, the post-war boom or “Golden Age of Capitalism
HTML http://mercatus.org/publication/economic-recovery-lessons-post-world-war-ii-period”<br
/>saw a dismantling of wartime regulations and growing
opportunities especially in manufacturing (like China today).
During global rebuilding, the US became the world’s economic
leader with about 4 percent annual growth, even with increasing
interest rates, decreasing debt, and high taxes. Although wealth
disparity
HTML http://www.leftbusinessobserver.com/IncomePoverty2004.html
was
historically low, Democrats increased regulation of necessities,
leading to today’s high costs.
FDR had taken money from taxpayers to subsidize home loans at
low interest rates including guarantees from the Federal Housing
Administration
HTML http://fhfaoig.gov/LearnMore/History
(FHA) since 1934, and
securitization
HTML https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2008/09/pdf/basics.pdf<br
/>by the Fannie Mae
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fannie_Mae
secondary mortgage
monopoly since 1938 (and Democrats added Freddie Mac to form a
duopoly in 1970). After the war, the subsidies led to
unsustainable demand for more expensive
HTML http://erwan.marginalq.com/HULM13f/ds.pdf
and larger
HTML http://www.nationalaffairs.com/publications/detail/rethinking-tax-benefits-for-home-owners<br
/>homes
HTML https://research.stlouisfed.org/conferences/scbfa/sommer.pdf,<br
/>urban sprawl,
HTML http://www.useful-community-development.org/causes-of-urban-sprawl.html<br
/>and a shortage of affordable
HTML http://www.housingwire.com/articles/30691-9-ways-the-lack-of-affordable-housing-is-hurting-america<br
/>housing.
FDR had also taken money from taxpayers to subsidize favored
farm crops
HTML http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2007/06/how-farm-subsidies-harm-taxpayers-consumers-and-farmers-too,<br
/>which discouraged alternative crops. After 1946, Democrats
increased subsidies leading to inflated prices for farmland
HTML http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:5KLfhScEguUJ:www.downsizinggovernment.org/agriculture/subsidies+&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us.<br
/>Since 1973
HTML http://freedomoutpost.com/2014/10/low-inflation-price-ground-beef-risen-17-percent-past-year/,<br
/>the US has subsidized food overproduction
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_policy_of_the_United_States<br
/>leading to dumped exports that retard agricultural and economi
c
development in the developing world
HTML http://www.irinnews.org/report/46353/ethiopia-world-bank-condemns-rich-countries-agricultural-subsidies<br
/>and uneconomical bio-fuels protected by tariffs against
Brazilian ethanol (until 2012). FDR had led support for the
nationalization of oil industries
HTML https://history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/mexican-oil<br
/>(e.g., Mexico), and military spending to defend dictators
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_authoritarian_regimes_supported_by_the_United_States<br
/>in oil-rich countries (e.g., Saudi Arabia).
In 1965, Democrats led nationalization of about half of health
care purchasing through Medicare and Medicaid. These programs,
and later Obamacare, subsidized increased demand while the
supply of doctors and hospitals has been restricted. The
resulting health care crisis
HTML https://mises.org/blog/how-government-regulations-made-healthcare-so-expensive<br
/>led to skyrocketing costs nearly triple
HTML http://www.commonwealthfund.org/%7E/media/Files/Publications/Issue%20Brief/2011/Jul/1532_Squires_US_hlt_sys_comparison_12_nations_intl_brief_v2.pdf<br
/>those of other developed countries.
Psuedo-Deregulation
The dreaded stagflation of the 1970s
HTML http://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/08/1970-stagflation.asp<br
/>is considered tied for the second worst financial crisis
HTML http://www.economist.com/news/essays/21600451-finance-not-merely-prone-crises-it-shaped-them-five-historical-crises-show-how-aspects-today-s-fina<br
/>in US history. The Fed responded to inflation by raising
interest rates, leading to the Great Recession of the early
1980s
HTML http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/21/business/economy/21leonhardt.html?_r=0,<br
/>which led to the Savings and Loan Crisis
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_1980s_recession,
and spread
as the Latin American Debt Crisis. Since then, the Fed has been
lowering rates
HTML http://observationsandnotes.blogspot.com/2010/11/100-years-of-bond-interest-rate-history.html<br
/>overall.
Meanwhile, politicians claimed to be trying to increase cost
efficiency through privatization
HTML https://hbr.org/1991/11/does-privatization-serve-the-public-interest<br
/>of public industries, and foster competition through partial
deregulation
HTML http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/deregulate.asp
of private
industries. Worldwide, politicians allowed the monopolists to
write the rules
HTML http://www.worldbank.org/html/prddr/outreach/or3.htm,
including
preferential bargain sales to cronies, which led to even nastier
deregulated monopolies.
Deregulation was limited mainly to common carrier industries,
including airlines
HTML http://www.gao.gov/products/RCED-97-4
in 1978, trucking
HTML http://object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/regulation/1991/7/v14n3-4.pdf<br
/>in 1980, telecommunication
HTML http://www.vjolt.net/vol4/issue/home_art1.htmls
in 1996, and
electricity and natural gas utilities during the 1990s, and also
banking
HTML http://www.forbes.com/sites/objectivist/2012/11/12/why-the-glass-steagall-myth-persists/<br
/>in 1999. For example, states allowed utilities to design rigge
d
trading schemes
HTML http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1032141100214262955,
gain
preferential access to transport lines, and sell assets to
affiliates for pennies on the dollar. Deregulation declined
after manipulations
HTML http://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/The-Failure-of-U.S.-Politicians-to-Open-electricity-and-Other-Energy-Markets.html<br
/>led to the California Energy Crisis of 2000
HTML http://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/09/business/09ENRO.html?pagewanted=all.
Corporatism
After the energy crises and bursting of the internet
HTML http://www.wallstreetdaily.com/2014/05/07/three-reasons-no-tech-bubble/<br
/>bubble in 2000, big business Republicans and big government
Democrats practiced corporatism
HTML http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/corporatism.htm.
The US
House Budget Committee explains: “In too many areas of the
economy — especially energy, housing, finance, and health care —
free enterprise has given way to government control
HTML http://paulryan.house.gov/uploadedfiles/pathtoprosperity2013.pdf<br
/>in partnership with a few large or politically well-connected
companies.”
In 2003, regulations
HTML http://www.fuel-testers.com/ethanol_fuel_history.html
led to
increased ethanol production from corn, but after that led to
the 2007–08 Food Crisis
HTML https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/global-commons/2008-05-28/how-ethanol-fuels-food-crisis,<br
/>growth was stopped by mandates that the fuel be made from
expensive-to-process cellulose
HTML http://nationalaglawcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/assets/crs/R41106.pdf.
Meanwhile, George W. Bush promoted home loan
HTML https://www.theobjectivestandard.com/issues/2009-spring/altruism-financial-crisis/s<br
/>securitized through the Fannie and Freddie duopoly and the Fed
’s
big banks, while encouraging the Fed to lower interest rates,
leading to a bubble in home ownership and prices. Soon after the
Fed started raising rates, the bubble burst leading to the
2007–09 Subprime Mortgage Crisis, 2007–08 Financial Crisis
(considered tied for the second worst financial crisis in US
history), 2008–10 Automotive Crisis, and 2008–12 Global
Recession.
In 2010, Dodd Frank
HTML http://www.nationalreview.com/article/336977/dodd-franks-problems-and-potential-solutions-michael-barone<br
/>gave politicians more oversight over the Fed’s big banks,
increasing influence peddling, and risks of crises. The Fed has
been loaning trillions
HTML http://www.thenation.com/article/feds-backdoor-bailout-provided-33-trillion-loans-banks-corporations/<br
/>of dollars at low interest rates to the big banks. Lower rates
can encourage financial engineering
HTML http://www.bain.com/publications/articles/the-renaissance-in-mergers-and-acquisitions-what-to-do-with-all-that-cash.aspx,<br
/>like mergers, which allow bankers and corporate executives to
bleed profits from large corporations, who receive preferential
tax treatment
HTML http://www.ctj.org/corporatetaxdodgers/sorrystateofcorptaxes.php,<br
/>especially abroad. Since 1998, the financial sector has spent
over $6 billion
HTML https://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/top.php?indexType=i&showYear=a<br
/>lobbying Congress.
The Bank for International Settlements, or so-called “bank of
central bankers,” warns another global debt crisis
HTML http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/11858952/BIS-fears-emerging-market-maelstrom-as-Fed-tightens.html<br
/>is coming, and the debt-trap is now even worse than before 200
7.
The US has led many nations to continue to lower interest rates
HTML http://observationsandnotes.blogspot.com/2010/11/100-years-of-bond-interest-rate-history.html<br
/>and accumulating private and public debt
HTML http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article14968.html.
Now, a slowing
economy could make the debt toxic and lead to a financial crisis
that would be hastened as the Fed raises rates. The Bank warns:
“It is unrealistic and dangerous to expect that monetary policy
can cure all the global economy’s ills.”
Obamacare
HTML http://www.forbes.com/sites/warrenmeyer/2011/02/24/the-looming-failure-of-obamacare-part-3-rent-seeking/<br
/>could allow bureaucracies to control patient treatments and
prices, while lobbied by the industry. Since 1998, medical
interests have spent over $6 billion
HTML https://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/top.php?indexType=i&showYear=a<br
/>lobbying Congress.
The Free Market Solution
Today, there is no party that favors true privatization or free
markets. Republicans favor monopolization, while claiming
support for free markets and blaming the Democrat’s high taxes
and regulations for crises. Democrats favor nationalization,
while blaming non-existent free markets for crises. Meanwhile,
many Americans appear to be embracing the regulatory nationalism
of crony capitalist Donald Trump or the democratic socialism of
Bernie Sanders.
The solution, however, is simply to take as much power as
possible out of the control of corruptible politicians and their
special interest supporters.
source
HTML http://bc.vc/d783eo
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