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LED Guide
By: scaru Date: March 3, 2013, 3:43 pm
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I would suggest reading my guide on tint, binning, and CRI
HTML http://budgetlightforum.com/node/16661
before reading this.
This is a comparison between all of the common LEDs. The LEDs
included are: XP-G, XP-G2, XM-L, XM-L2, XR-E, XP-E, XP-E2,
Nichia 219, SSC-P7, MC-E, SST-50, SST-90, MT-G2
XP-G
The XP-G is a small Cree LED that is 3.45 mm by 3.45mm. The size
of the die is 1.4mm by 1.4mm for a total die surface of 1.96mm2
which is often simplified to 2mm2. It is distinguishable by it's
size and the grid of 4 strips.
HTML http://flashlightwiki.com/images/thumb/c/c8/Cree_xp-g.jpg/180px-Cree_xp-g.jpg
It has 7 brightness bins ranging from R2 to S4. They go in the
order of: R2, R3, R4, R5, S2, S3, and S4. It is generally driven
up to 1.5 amps, but had been driven higher with better
heatsinks.
Bin 350mA 700ma 1000mA 1500mA
R2 114-122 213-228 285-305 380-406
R3 122-130 228-243 305-325 406-433
R4 130-139 243-260 325-348 433-463
R5 139-148 260-277 348-370 463-493
S2 148-156 277-292 370-390 493-520
S3 156-164 292-307 390-410 520-547
S4 164-172 307-322 410-430 547-573
Note: These are emitter lumens. OTF lumens once it is installed
in a flashlight will be less.
HTML http://i46.tinypic.com/2cy3a6x.png
The XP-G is generally used in smaller lights due to the smaller
size of it. It also can be more effective in throwers due to the
small die size compared to the XM-L.
This graph is measured when the junction temperature is 25
degrees Celsius. When used in a flashlight it will be at a
higher temperature so this data is only approximate.
The XP-G can run on as little as 2.5 volts (moonlight) but in
most cases the vf (forward voltage) is closer to 3-3.5 volts.
HTML https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-FDqiVNDBB2k/T7iMmyeivUI/AAAAAAAAAzE/tkOei4UC72Q/s800/xpggraph.jpg
Going by this data the XP-G can go up to 2 amps before the law
of diminishing returns kicks in. The XP-G uses the same method
of rating tints as the XM-L. It does come in a Hi-CRI version
that does 90 cri; at the expense of efficiency and being 3000k.
(WW) The datasheet can be found here.
HTML http://www.cree.com/led-components-and-modules/products/xlamp/discrete-directional/~/media/Files/Cree/LED%20Components%20and%20Modules/XLamp/Data%20and%20Binning/XLampXPG.pdf<br
/>
It can be purchased in many places. Intl-outdoor has a great
selection of them in a variety of tints.
HTML http://www.intl-outdoor.com/led-xpg-c-107_127.html?page=1&sort=20a<br
/>
XP-G2 The XP-G2 is the successor to the XP-G. It is more
efficient along with having a different die design. It was
originally introduced in July 2012. It also is 3.45 mm by 3.45
mm with a die size of 1.4 mm*1.4mm. (1.96mm2) It can be
identified by its size along with its lack of a grid.
HTML http://flashlightwiki.com/images/thumb/8/85/Xpg2.jpg/180px-Xpg2.jpg<br
/>
It has 6 brightness bins ranging from Q4 to R5. They are: Q4,
Q5, R2, R3, R4, and R5.
Bin 350mA 700mA 1000mA 1500mA
Q4 113-121 206-220 275-294 373-399
Q5 121-129 220-235 294-313 399-425
R2 129-138 235-252 313-336 425-454
R3 138-147 252-268 336-357 454-485
R4 147-157 268-287 357-382 485-518
R5 157-170 287-310 382-412 518-558
Note: These are emitter lumens. OTF lumens once it is installed
in a flashlight will be less. Note2: I took this data from
FlashlightWiki so it was multiplied by 13% to account for them
being binned at higher temperatures than XP-Gs. If you do not
understand this ignore it.
As the successor to the XP-G, the XP-G2 is used in the same
category of lights. Due to it being released recently it has not
found its way into budget lights yet, but it most likely will in
the future.
HTML https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-ALoba1A8uOM/UEPfZHW_0VI/AAAAAAAAA5g/kLpqH0UA6Ds/s800/xpg2vfgraph.jpg
The vf (forward voltage) of the XP-G2 ranges from 2.8 volts 3.3
volts depending on how hard it is being driven.
HTML https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-AbdDMt2rmZg/UEPfZMuujAI/AAAAAAAAA5o/yHLjRY6G6YU/s800/xpg2graph.jpg
Along with being more efficient, the XP-G2 can handle more
current before it reaches the point of diminishing returns. (At
2.6 amps) Compared to the XP-G which puts out 450 lumens at 2
amps, the XP-G2 puts out 525 lumens. Like the XP-G it also
comes in a Hi-CRI version, however since it is a new LED it
cannot be found anywhere for sale. The datasheet can be found
here
HTML http://www.cree.com/led-components-and-modules/products/xlamp/discrete-directional/~/media/Files/Cree/LED%20Components%20and%20Modules/XLamp/Data%20and%20Binning/XLampXPG2.pdf.<br
/> Intl-Outdoor has a fairly good selection of them, in a variet
y
of tints.
HTML http://www.intl-outdoor.com/led-xpg-c-107_127.html?page=1&sort=20a<br
/>
XM-L The XM-L first became available in December 2010. It is a 5
mm*5 mm LED with a die size of 2 mm*2 mm. (4mm2) It is one of
the larger LEDs that Cree makes and can be identified the 6
strips in a grid across it.
HTML http://flashlightwiki.com/images/thumb/a/a8/Cree-xml.jpg/180px-Cree-xml.jpg
It has 7 brightness bins ranging from T2 to U3. They are: T2,
T3, T4, T5, T6, U2, and U3.
Bin 700mA 1000mA 1500mA 3000mA
T2 200-220 275-303 390-429 650-715
T3 220-240 303-330 429-468 715-780
T4 240-260 330-358 468-507 780-845
T5 260-280 358-385 507-546 845-910
T6 280-300 385-413 546-585 910-975
U2 300-320 413-440 585-624 975-1040
U3 320-340 440-468 624-663 1040-1105
Note: These are emitter lumens. OTF lumens once it is installed
in a flashlight will be less.
The XM-L is generally used in lights that run on Li-ion
batteries due to it needing large amounts of current. It is used
in a number of throwers due to its large output.
HTML http://i49.tinypic.com/176zxu.png
Note: This graph is measured when the junction temperature is
25 degrees Celsius. When used in a flashlight it will be at a
higher temperature so this data is only approximate.
This graph shows that the XM-L needs between 2.5 volts and 3.4
volts to operate.
HTML https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-U6IrWn3zWvk/T7iK5qkLUDI/AAAAAAAAAyg/mWUezDQ4jKY/s800/xmlstargraph.jpg
The XM-L can handle up to 4.4 amps in this instance before it
reaches the point of diminishing return. Due to the extremely
large amount of heat that is being generated here a large
heatsink with adequate surface area is a must. The XM-L can be
found in a number of different tints, which is covered very
thoroughly in this
HTML http://budgetlightforum.com/node/16661
thread. Datasheet is
here
HTML http://www.cree.com/~/media/Files/Cree/LED%20Components%20and%20Modules/XLamp/Data%20and%20Binning/XLampXML.pdf.<br
/> The XM-L can be bought most anywhere, but as usual I will
recommend Intl-Outdoor.
HTML http://www.intl-outdoor.com/led-xml-c-107_125.html
XM-L2 The XM-L2 is the successor to the XM-L, it first became
available in December 2012. Like the XM-L it is a 5 mm*5 mm LED
with a die size of 2 mm*2 mm. (4mm2) Unlike the XM-L it does not
have a grid on the die.
HTML http://i48.tinypic.com/dnkf2w.png
It has 9 brightness bins ranging from S4 to U2. They are: S4,
S5, S6, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, and U2.
Bin 700mA 1000mA 1500mA 3000mA
S4 186-196 256-268 360-377 612-641
S5 196-207 268-284 377-400 641-679
S6 207-227 284-313 400-439 679-746
T2 227-250 313-343 439-483 746-820
T3 250-273 343-375 483-528 820-895
T4 273-296 375-406 528-571 895-970
T5 296-318 406-438 571-615 970-1044
T6 318-341 438-468 615-659 1044-1119
U2 341-364 468-500 659-703 1119-1193
Note: These are emitter lumens. OTF lumens once it is installed
in a flashlight will be less. Note2: I took this data from
FlashlightWiki so it was multiplied by 13% to account for them
being binned at higher temperatures than XP-Gs. If you do not
understand this ignore it.
To date the XM-L2 has not been used in any lights. Vinhnguyen is
taking preorders for a XM-L2 P60 drop in but they have not been
produced yet. However, one could expect them to be used in the
same lights as XM-Ls once they have fully entered the market.
HTML http://i50.tinypic.com/1444r2r.png
This graph shows that the XM-L2 needs between 2.7 and 3.4 volts
to operate.
HTML http://i46.tinypic.com/24yzguc.jpg
Note: The scale on this graph is non-standard.
Since the XM-L2 is extremely new there is no lumen testing that
has been done on it. For that reason I have created a graph
based on the approximate lumen values supplied in the datasheet.
I assumed it was a XM-L2 U2. Obviously, this graph does not tell
us anything new. So far the XM-L2 can only be bought in NW or
CW. The advantage is that a NW T6 XM-L2 is equal to a NW U3
XM-L. As there never was a NW U2, let alone a U3 this is a huge
advantage. The datasheet can be found here
HTML http://www.cree.com/~/media/Files/Cree/LED%20Components%20and%20Modules/XLamp/Data%20and%20Binning/XLampXML2.pdf.<br
/> So far they only can be purchased from Mouser
HTML http://ca.mouser.com/Search/ProductDetail.aspx?R=XMLBWT-02-0000-000LT60E3virtualkey57280000virtualkey941-XMLBWT020LT60E3.<br
/>As time passes they will most likely be available from more
sources.
XR-E The XR-E is one of the oldest Cree LEDs, it was attached to
a 9mm by 7mm substrate. Despite the extremely large board, it
has a tiny die. There are two different die sizes. The EZ1000
which was 1mm by 1mm. Later on the EZ900 one was released which
had a .9mm by .9mm die. (EZ1000 on left and EZ900 on right)
HTML http://lumensreview.com/uploads/SS-2010.04.13-19.02.07.jpg
It has 10 brightness bins ranging from N3 to R2. They go N3, N4,
P2, P3, P4, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, and R2.
Bin 350 ma
N3 56.8
N4 62
P2 67.2
P3 73.9
P4 80.6
Q2 87.4
Q3 93.9
Q4 100
Q5 107
R2 114
Note: These are emitter lumens. OTF lumens once it is installed
in a flashlight will be less. Due to the extremely small die
size the XR-E is often used in dedicated throwers. For example
the DEFT EDC used it, as did basically every other custom throw
king. People do not use it in flood lights due to its low lumen
output.
HTML http://i47.tinypic.com/i799ad.png
Note: This graph is measured when the junction temperature is 25
degrees Celsius. When used in a flashlight it will be at a
higher temperature so this data is only approximate.
The XR-E needs between 2.3 volts and 3.7. It generally has a vf
of around 3.3 volts. As someone else pointed out, XR-Es doe
require a higher voltage than a XP-G.
HTML https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-2BqdpnEPo48/T5v4GobE9dI/AAAAAAAAAxw/goTvnwp3k1Y/s800/xrer2graph.jpg
In this instance the XR-E can handle up to 2.1 amps before
hitting the point of diminishing returns. In throwers it is
generally driven around that level. The newer XR-Es are reported
to pull up to 2.5 amps while still increasing in brightness, but
this is unconfirmed. The XR-E is hypothetically available in
tints ranging from CW to WW, but the usual sites do not seem to
sell anything other than CW. Datasheet can be found here
HTML http://www.cree.com/~/media/Files/Cree/LED%20Components%20and%20Modules/XLamp/Data%20and%20Binning/XLamp7090XRE.pdf.<br
/> LedSupply has a great selection of XR-Es in a variety of
colors.
HTML http://www.cree.com/~/media/Files/Cree/LED%20Components%20and%20Modules/XLamp/Data%20and%20Binning/XLamp7090XRE.pdf<br
/>
XP-E In September 2008 the XP-E was released. It is
3.45mm*3.45mm with a die that is 1mm*1mm. It has a grid with 3
strips.
HTML http://flashlightwiki.com/images/thumb/a/aa/Cree_xp-e.jpg/180px-Cree_xp-e.jpg<br
/>
It has 8 brightness bins ranging from P4 to R4. They go in the
order: P4, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, R2, R3, and R4.
Bin 350mA 700mA 1000mA
P4 80.6-87.4 137-149 177-192
Q2 87.4-93.9 149-160 192-207
Q3 93.9-100 160-170 207-220
Q4 100-107 170-182 220-233
Q5 107-114 182-194 233-251
R2 114-122 194-207 251-268
R3 122-130 207-221 268-286
R4 130-139 221-236 286-306
Note: These are emitter lumens. OTF lumens once it is installed
in a flashlight will be less. XP-Es are generally used in the
same lights as XP-Gs. They are small and do not require very
much current, perfect for lights that use a boost driver. The
low lumen output does not matter in this type of light as the
driver can only supply so much current.
HTML http://i49.tinypic.com/huj1mv.png
Note: This graph is measured when the junction temperature is 25
degrees Celsius. When used in a flashlight it will be at a
higher temperature so this data is only approximate.
Note2: Ignore the green line, it is for green XP-Es. XP-Es
generally need around 3-3.5 volts depending on the current.
HTML https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-XVqZBRTXHFg/UKGnzgOFZ5I/AAAAAAAABHk/T5CjVLUu1vA/s800/XP-E%2520Q5%2520Green%2520Graph.jpg
Note: This is for a Green XP-E I couldn't find data for a white
one so I used this. It is most likely fairly close to a white
XP-E.
The XP-E goes up to 1.6 amps without reaching the point of
diminishing returns. Sadly, it does not get very bright despite
the high currents. The XP-E is commonly available in CW along
with green and red. Datasheet can be found here
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