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       #Post#: 7078--------------------------------------------------
       Residential schools
       By: 90sRetroFan Date: June 11, 2021, 3:40 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
  HTML https://www.yahoo.com/news/canadas-residential-schools-stole-childhoods-152832740.html
       [quote]Tortured, beaten, and forced to live a regimented
       lifestyle that denied their indigenous culture -- these three
       siblings are survivors of Canadian residential schools.
       ...
       Linda recalls how their long hair, which often had spiritual
       significance, was cut upon arrival.
       "And they cut my hair off, and I looked at my hair… and it was
       so devastating. And then they washed us, put this DDT [chemical
       insecticide] on us, and I had headaches for a long time, and
       sometimes still have headaches."
       ...
       I used to throw up, and my cousin would throw up too, and then
       they'd make us eat our vomit. And for many years, I still have
       ulcers because of that."
       ...
       The schools operated between 1831 and 1996 and removed about
       150,000 indigenous children from their families.
       ...
       "Because I was young, so I got tortured, I got beaten up and you
       name it as a young child."
       ...
       Pope Francis said on Sunday he was pained by last month's
       discovery, but he did not apologize.[/quote]
       #Post#: 7250--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Canada residential schools
       By: 90sRetroFan Date: June 22, 2021, 12:02 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
  HTML https://www.yahoo.com/news/kamloops-indigenous-burial-children-215-national-indigenous-peoples-day-170421732.html
       [quote]It was only recently, by mere chance, that Tori Cress
       found documentation to prove what she had known for a long time:
       that her mother had been forced to attend a day school in her
       youth, where she experienced abuse from which she continues to
       heal today.
       Until then, Cress, an Anishnaabe and Pottawatome Kwe from
       Beausoleil First Nation and the co-founder of Idle No
       More-Ontario, had been dealing with feelings of “rage and anger”
       after hearing the devastating news of 215 Indigenous children —
       some as young as three years old — found in a mass grave in a
       former residential school. In late May, the Tk'emlúps te
       Secwépemc First Nation had announced the finding at the Kamloops
       Indian Residential School, in British Columbia, during a survey
       of its grounds, according to a CBC report.
       Unable to bear the countless stories that people shared of
       parents who’d fallen victims to Canada's Indian Residential
       School system and the ongoing trauma that’s part of it, Cress
       stayed off social media.
       But something clicked the day she found her mother’s name in the
       day school attendance records — “in black and white” — with a
       note beside it, reading: “disciplined.” Cress says it was then
       that she overcame her anger as she began to put a lot of things
       about her “estranged” mother into perspective.
       “What they call discipline...I know is abuse,” she said.
       “All of these things in my life were making sense to me, and the
       trauma that (my mother) grew up in. She was born into grief and
       trauma and mourning, just like I was, and just like her mother
       was.”
       According to University of British Columbia research, “like
       residential schools, (Indian Day Schools) were places (where)
       students experienced many types of abuse, including but not
       limited to physical, verbal, and sexual.” The main difference
       was that they returned to their homes and communities at night.
       A Queen’s University Gazette review of a historical biography
       titled Spirit of the Grassroots People: Seeking Justice for
       Indigenous Survivors of Canada’s Colonial Education System,
       estimates there were 200,000 Indigenous children “forced” into
       these schools from the “mid-1800s until 2000.”
       The Kamloops residential school where the children were found
       operated until 1969, at which time the federal government took
       it over from the Catholic Church and turned it to a day school
       until 1978.
       ...
       The National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation estimates more
       than 150,000 children were forced into residential schools. And
       the TRC itself had requested $1.5 million to uncover more mass
       graves as early as 2009, which the federal government of Stephen
       Harper denied.
       ...
       According to Morgan, many undergrad and graduate students are
       “well aware of the history of residential schools.” However,
       there remains a strong generalized tendency among many to
       dismiss it as “an awful aberration” rather than to understand it
       as part of a “larger pattern of structural and systemic
       colonialism and racism within our history.”
       Thinking of residential schools as the “products of a few racist
       politicians,” she insists, misses the forest for the trees.
       “It’s good (that) people are questioning (John A.) MacDonald’s
       legacy,” she said, referring to the ongoing movement to remove
       statues of controversial colonial figures, including Canada’s
       first prime minister.
       “But to see it all as emanating from one person doesn’t take
       into account the fact that there are larger structures and
       processes that were put in place to dispossess people.”
       ...
       Cress says the only way for these children’s deaths to bring
       about concrete change is for Canadians to “lean into their
       discomfort” of knowing the history of Canada and the ongoing
       effects of settler-colonialism.
       Wilful ignorance, she says, is no excuse.
       ...
       After publicly expressing grief and heartbreak at the news just
       days after the announcement from Kamloops, BC, Federal Liberal
       Prime Minister Justin Trudeau vowed “concrete action.” He
       promised “many, many discussions to be had in the coming days
       and weeks about how we can best support these communities and
       get to the truth.”
       Schools and buildings are likewise flying flags at half-mast,
       and candlelight vigils are being held. The government has also
       established a National Indian Residential School Crisis Line for
       people to call in, and more than 220,000 people are calling on
       the government to declare a national day of mourning, according
       to a petition on change.org.
       But after being on the frontlines all this time, Cress sees it
       all as “showmanship, not action.” The conversations and
       discussions have been had, reports have been produced and calls
       to action have been made to no avail, she says.
       What is needed is action.
       “And that equals dollars. That equals resources.
       Stop...(extracting) our resources and go extract our children
       from their unmarked graves. That’s the healing we need,” she
       said.[/quote]
       I agree that what is needed is action. I disagree that action
       equals dollars. Serious action equals eliminating all
       colonialist bloodlines from Canada. No matter how many dollars
       you have, you will not be able to pay racists to voluntarily
       stop reproducing. Only state control over reproduction can
       achieve this.
       (But if you have dollars, spend them on:
  HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/true-left-vs-false-left/firearms/<br
       />
       which at least have the potential to do some attrition.)
       #Post#: 7346--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Canada residential schools
       By: 90sRetroFan Date: June 30, 2021, 10:25 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
  HTML https://www.yahoo.com/news/relatives-went-catholic-school-native-102336503.html
       [quote]My relatives went to a Catholic school for Native
       children. It was a place of horrors
       There is so much mourning Native people have yet to do. The full
       magnitude of Native suffering has yet to be entirely understood,
       especially when it comes to the nightmarish legacies of American
       Indian boarding schools. The purpose of the schools was
       “civilization”, but, as I have written elsewhere, boarding
       schools served to provide access to Native land, by breaking up
       Native families and holding children hostage so their nations
       would cede more territory. And one of the primary benefactors of
       the boarding school system is the Catholic church, which is
       today the world’s largest non-governmental landowner, with
       roughly 177 million acres of property throughout the globe. Part
       of the evidence of how exactly the church acquired its wealth in
       North America is literally being unearthed, and it exists in
       stories of the Native children whose lives it stole, which
       includes my own family.
       Last month, the Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc First Nation made a
       grisly discovery of 215 children’s remains at a burial site next
       to the former Kamloops Indian residential school in British
       Columbia. The news sent shockwaves through Indian Country. On
       Tuesday, the US interior secretary, Deb Haaland, announced that
       her department would lead an investigation into “the loss of
       human life and lasting consequences” of federal Indian boarding
       schools. Although it’s unclear whether the scope of the
       investigation will include church-run schools, it should because
       many of the Catholic-run schools received federal trust money
       set aside for Native education.
       On Thursday morning, a relative calls me as more terrible news
       breaks: the Cowessess First Nation has discovered 751 unmarked
       graves at the site of the former Marieval Indian residential
       school in Saskatchewan, Canada. Both Marieval and Kamloops began
       as Catholic-run schools.
       For my relative (who wishes to remain anonymous) the death and
       grief came after he left St Joseph’s Indian school in
       Chamberlain, South Dakota, which he attended from 1968 to 1977.
       “A lot of people ended up killing themselves,” he says of
       friends and classmates who attended the Catholic-run school. My
       uncle, also a survivor of St Joseph’s, took his own life at the
       age of 23 in 1987, when I was just two.
       My relative calls St Joseph’s “a smorgasbord” for pedophiles and
       rapists who preyed on and terrorized Native children. He
       describes beatings and nights of terror as priests took their
       pick of the children as they slept. The abuse was worse for the
       girls, who were sometimes impregnated by their rapists, he tells
       me. His experience was not unique and has been documented
       elsewhere by journalists and scholars.
       Despite the evidence, there is an active conspiracy to silence
       survivors and whitewash history. South Dakota passed laws to
       prevent survivors from seeking damages against the church.
       Eight plaintiffs sued the Sioux Falls diocese in 2010 for
       alleged rape and sexual abuse they had experienced in the 1970s
       at the hands of multiple members of the clergy and one staff
       member. (The photograph of one of the men still hangs on the
       wall of St Joseph’s in the hallway of its school museum, visible
       to the children and visitors who pass it.)
       Just days before the survivors were set to go to court in 2010,
       the then Republican governor of South Dakota, Mike Rounds (now a
       US senator), signed a bill into law prohibiting anyone 40 years
       or older from recovering damages from institutions responsible
       for their abuse, except from individual perpetrators themselves.
       The act crushed the lawsuit, effectively shielding the Catholic
       church from any responsibility or accountability.
       The bill was written and proposed by Steven Smith, a Chamberlain
       attorney who, according to the Argus Leader, was representing
       the Priests of the Sacred Heart, the founders of St Joseph’s
       Indian school, in several sexual abuse cases at the time. Smith
       accused the survivors of being motivated by money and costing
       the church undue expenses in legal fees. The lawsuits were a
       “ticket out of squalor” for the survivors, Smith told the
       Huffington Post in 2011.
       ...
       I ask my my relative if money motivated him to take up the
       lawsuit against the church. He lets out a sigh and tells me how
       his lifelong friend who was a survivor of St Joseph’s recently
       died. He hints the death was related to addiction. “No one cares
       about Indians,” he tells me. “That’s why they got away with what
       they did.” It’s also easy to dismiss the survivors of abuse who
       live with the lifelong impacts. A church tactic is hoping the
       Native survivors will just vanish.
       The last time I visited St Joseph’s was in 2019. Pictures of the
       clergy and staff accused of rape and sexual abuse still hung on
       the walls of the school’s museum, as if the institution were
       either proud or in denial of its history – I couldn’t quite
       tell. I tried to imagine the school from the perspective of my
       relative as a young child, and all I felt was a deep, silent
       anger.
       Nowhere was there an acknowledgment of the stories like my
       relative’s. It was as if he and other children like him were
       just ghosts haunting the hallways.
       I ask my relative what justice would look like. There’s a pause.
       He tells me he’s not interested in apologies. The school, he
       says, was a “child brothel” when he was there, and it deserves
       to be remembered for such atrocities. He would like to see St
       Joseph’s “turned into a school run for and by Native people” not
       for the profit of the church.[/quote]
       NEVER FORGIVE. NEVER FORGET.
       What justice would look like? This done to all Catholic
       colonialists (including Francis) would be a good start:
  HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captives_in_American_Indian_Wars
       [quote]Common torture techniques included burning the captive,
       which was done one hot coal at a time, rather than on firewood
       pyres; beatings with switches or sticks, jabs from sharp sticks
       as well as genital mutilation and flaying while still alive.
       Captives' fingernails were ripped out. Their fingers were
       broken, then twisted and yanked by children. Captives were made
       to eat pieces of their own flesh, and were scalped and skinned
       alive. Such was the fate of Jamestown Governor John Ratcliffe.
       The genitalia of male captives were the focus of considerable
       attention, culminating with the dissection of the genitals one
       slice at a time. To make the torture last longer, the Native
       Americans and the First Nations would revive captives with rest
       periods during which time they were given food and water.
       Tortures typically began on the lower limbs, then gradually
       spread to the arms, then the torso. The Native Americans and the
       First Nations spoke of "caressing" the captives gently at first,
       which meant that the initial tortures were designed to cause
       pain, but only minimal bodily harm. By these means, the
       execution of a captive, especially an adult male, could take
       several days and nights.[13][/quote]
       
       #Post#: 7382--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Canada residential schools
       By: 90sRetroFan Date: July 2, 2021, 10:22 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
  HTML https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jul/01/this-canada-day-lets-remember-this-country-was-built-on-genocide
       [quote]People across the country are waking up to the reality
       that Canada is a country built on the violent dispossession of
       Indigenous peoples. The horrifying reports of unmarked graves of
       children at residential “schools” in Kamloops, British Columbia,
       Brandon, Manitoba, and most recently Cowessess First Nation in
       Saskatchewan have shocked many Canadians and others around the
       world. However, these were not discoveries, but confirmations of
       what we knew all along: Canada was built on genocide.
       ...
       This isn’t ancient history. Nowhere is this more true than in
       Nunavut, the territory I represent in Canada’s parliament. Until
       around the 1950s, Inuit lived as they had for thousands of
       years. Then the Canadian state expanded its presence in the
       north and colonized the Arctic as part of their drive for
       natural resources and to claim sovereignty over lands and
       waters. We were forced into squalid settlements, sled dogs were
       shot by the Mounties, and children were sent to residential
       schools that were meant to eradicate Indigenous culture. These
       joint projects of church and state were hotspots for child abuse
       and sexual assault carried out by priests and school
       administrators, most of whom have escaped justice for their
       crimes.
       ...
       These are the things I think of when I think of Canada Day. A
       history of violence that is not over. This is why I can’t
       imagine celebrating this country until so many things change.
       Indigenous people can come to their own conclusions about how
       they mark this date, but for those of you who are settlers on
       these lands I am urging you to take this day to learn, to
       reflect and most importantly to act.
       Before I was elected as an MP, I gave a speech in the House of
       Commons as part of a mock parliament for young women. I spoke of
       the toll that the suicide crisis has taken on my community and
       of my lost friends, classmates and teammates and asked, “where
       are our non-Indigenous allies?” As I ask that question again
       today, I see more of you and more Canadians from all walks of
       life waking up and showing up. This is a good shift. Indigenous
       peoples cannot and should not shoulder these burdens alone. They
       were imposed on us by Canada, and we need Canadians to play an
       active role in dismantling them. That means staying angry and
       standing alongside us to amplify our voices. Above all else, it
       means listening to us and actually changing things when we tell
       you that we are hurting.
       A good place to start is by getting familiar with the Truth and
       Reconciliation Commission and the Qikiqtani Truth Commission.
       Talk to your friends and neighbours about the need for real
       Indigenous justice in Canada. When Indigenous groups organize
       protests and marches, show up and support them. And make sure
       your elected representatives know that they will never be
       re-elected if they are silent in the face of injustice. Sooner
       or later, when we have an election in this country, refuse to
       vote for political leaders who talk the talk without walking the
       walk.[/quote]
       Where are your allies? Many of them are trying to immigrate to
       Canada from other former Western colonies around the world. Let
       them in so they can start helping you!
       #Post#: 7434--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Canada residential schools
       By: 90sRetroFan Date: July 6, 2021, 10:21 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
  HTML https://www.yahoo.com/news/native-children-didn-t-lose-102025259.html
       [quote]Native children didn’t ‘lose’ their lives at residential
       schools. Their lives were stolen[/quote]
       Yes! And by which civilization?
       [quote]Many of us understand everyday Canadian schools
       themselves to be violent institutions of assimilation and
       colonization. In my predominantly Indigenous urban elementary
       school in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, I grew up singing O Canada
       and God Save the Queen at assemblies. In the lunchroom, Johnny
       Appleseed, a biblical song about a Christian god’s benevolence,
       was to be recited before we were allowed to eat our
       school-provided meals. Still, the terms “residential school” –
       and the US equivalent, “boarding school” – are deeply
       inadequate. These “residential schools”, “day schools”, and
       “boarding schools” were prisons. These were forced labour
       camps.[/quote]
       See also:
  HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/true-left-vs-false-left/childcare-issues/msg6188/#msg6188
       [quote]I recall hearing of Cree people, including small
       children, forced to work on sugar beet farms in brutal summer
       heat. This was a common practice from the 1940s to at least the
       1980s: farmers lured dispossessed and hungry Indigenous people
       into seasonal labor with false promises, then forced the workers
       to labor 12-14 hour days with little or no pay. They slept in
       trucks, tents or empty grain bins. If they ventured into nearby
       towns, they were chased away with bats. If they tried to leave,
       their children might be taken away.
       Some of the stories we are told about residential schooling
       prisons involve Native children digging graves for other
       children. Rarely did our ancestors receive proper burials or
       grave markers. The soils of these lands have always known our
       hands, as gardeners, as workers; these lands hold our bodies and
       the bodies of our ancestors. The soil that lies underneath
       so-called Canada has been hell and it has been refuge.
       One thing is clear: Native children’s lives are never “lost”;
       they are deliberately and violently stolen. Similarly, the lands
       of Indigenous people – from Canada to the US and beyond – are
       never “lost”; they have been and continue to be forcibly
       colonized. The words we use matter for Native life because these
       words define the past, the present, and the possible. Reckoning
       with the gentle language Canadians have been taught to use to
       describe the violence of empire is one part of the process of
       undoing colonization.
       In our communities, the accounting of Indigenous death feels
       relentless. We hear and see and feel the growing toll of graves
       uncovered: ever-higher numbers recited seemingly hundreds of
       times daily on nearly every Canadian news network. Endless
       repetitions of the phone numbers of Residential Schooling Crisis
       lines to connect the grieving with mental health counselors.
       None of it is enough.
       I refuse to play the numbers game. Our grief and our lives are
       not reducible to numbers or statistics. As the Twitter user
       @awahihte put it, “Kamloops is not a unit of measurement.” And
       to whose gaze are we appealing when we repeat these numbers over
       and over and over, hoping to evoke empathy from a settler state
       that cannot feel?[/quote]
       No, you are appealing to the gaze of OTHER COLONIZED PEOPLES
       FROM AROUND THE WORLD who experienced the same (if not worse) at
       the hands of the same Western colonial empires. Only together
       can we kill Western civilization.
       [quote]Meanwhile, as Indigenous people, we are struck in the
       heart by those numbers, every single time. There is simply no
       calculus that can account for the lives of each child stolen by
       colonialism’s violence – all the moments of joy, curiosity, play
       and learning that make childhood such a wondrous time; these
       things are immeasurable and immaterial. The lived experience of
       Indigenous childhood is irreducible to any European notion of
       property, and this is precisely why it is a threat to the
       colonial order.[/quote]
       Exactly, which is why demanding financial reparations is the
       wrong approach, one that degrades the victims by implying that
       they can be violated so long as the price is right. Our only
       demand should be for elimination of colonialist bloodlines and
       of Western civilization itself.
       [quote]Since time immemorial, many Indigenous peoples around the
       world have used fire to rejuvenate the land and restore order to
       the natural world. The lesson is that sometimes, things must
       burn for the soil to heal and become healthy once more. As
       monuments and statues to colonial figures are toppled, and as
       Black and Indigenous communities continue to resist and heal,
       another world is becoming possible. In the next world that we
       are building on these lands our ancestors knew so well, no child
       will have their formative years violently stolen away by
       colonialism. They will be free. We will be free.[/quote]
       And Western civilization will be dead. But talking alone will
       not achieve this. Therefore make sure every victim of
       colonialism owns:
  HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/true-left-vs-false-left/firearms/
       #Post#: 7610--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Canada residential schools
       By: Zea_mays Date: July 20, 2021, 8:59 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       [quote] 'Burn it all down': Head of B.C. civil liberties group
       resigns over tweet about church fires
       The head of the British Columbia Civil Liberties Association —
       one of the most significant civil rights groups in the country —
       has left her job following an uproar after a social media post
       that seemed to celebrate the burning of Catholic churches.
       In late June, Harsha Walia quote-tweeted a Vice news report
       regarding Catholic churches that had been burned, following the
       discoveries of hundreds of unmarked graves near the sites of
       former residential schools.
       “Burn it all down,” Walia wrote. [/quote]
  HTML https://www.msn.com/en-ca/news/canada/burn-it-all-down-head-of-bc-civil-liberties-group-resigns-over-tweet-about-church-fires/ar-AAMjKmb
       [quote]Ten churches have been vandalised in Alberta, Canada, in
       attacks that police have linked to anger over historic
       injustices against indigenous people.[/quote]
  HTML https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-57690737.amp
  HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_gravesites
       [quote]“It is readily acknowledged that Indian children lose
       their natural resistance to illness by habitating so closely in
       these schools, and that they die at a much higher rate than in
       their villages. But this alone does not justify a change in the
       policy of this Department, which is being geared towards the
       final solution of our Indian Problem." -Duncan Campbell Scott,
       former Superintendent of Indian Education (1909-1913) and Deputy
       Superintendent General of Indian Affairs (1913-1932)[/quote]
       I wonder what the SJWs vandalizing and burning these churches
       think about the SJWs who vandalized and burned synagogues 90
       years ago.
       #Post#: 9133--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Colonial Crimes
       By: guest55 Date: September 30, 2021, 12:19 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Thousands of Kids Died in Residential Schools, Now They're Being
       Found
       [quote]The discovery of more than 200 unmarked graves of
       Indigenous children at a former residential school in Canada
       exposed the horrific scale of abuses that took place inside the
       country’s residential school system. Now, the country is
       experiencing a reckoning.[/quote]
  HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NVogX0-5RLk
       #Post#: 9294--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Canada residential schools
       By: 90sRetroFan Date: October 8, 2021, 10:23 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       [img]
  HTML https://decolonialatlas.files.wordpress.com/2021/09/residential-schools-who-when-and-where.png?w=1024[/img]
  HTML https://decolonialatlas.wordpress.com/2021/10/06/canadas-residential-schools-who-when-and-where/
       #Post#: 12331--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Diplomatic decolonization
       By: guest55 Date: March 28, 2022, 8:33 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Métis delegates hold news conference in Rome following meeting
       with Pope Francis – March 28, 2022
       [quote]Métis National Council delegates speak with reporters in
       Rome, Italy, following their meeting with Pope Francis at the
       Vatican. Speaking with reporters are Cassidy Caron (president of
       the Métis National Council), Mitchell Case (Region 4 councillor
       with the Metis Nation of Ontario), Pixie Wells (president of the
       Fraser Valley Métis Association). Also taking part are
       Archbishop Donald J. Bolen (archdiocese of Regina) and Reverend
       Raymond Poisson (president of the Canadian Conference of
       Catholic Bishops). First Nations, Métis, and Inuit delegations
       that include elders, knowledge keepers, and residential school
       survivors are participating in a series of meetings with the
       Pope this week as part of an effort to secure a papal apology
       for the Catholic Church’s role in Canada’s residential school
       system.[/quote]
  HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgvPuA3EBgI
       #Post#: 12751--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Canada residential schools
       By: 90sRetroFan Date: April 12, 2022, 3:31 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
  HTML https://us.yahoo.com/news/apology-fell-short-pope-francis-135333684.html
       [quote]The Apology that Fell Short: Pope Francis Did Not Go Far
       Enough
       ...
       The pope’s apology actually specifies those responsible for all
       the abuse to say “a number of Catholics.”
       A few paragraphs later, he actually defends the “good and decent
       believers, who in the name of the faith, and with respect, love
       and kindness, have enriched your history with the Gospel.”
       The apology did not go far enough and fell short of admission by
       the Catholic Church of wrongdoing on its part.
       While condemning a number of Catholics, he suggests the good
       that the “good and decent believers” somehow placates the
       evil—that included physical, emotional, sexual abuse—done by
       others.
       “To be honest the apology by #Pontifex reads more like a
       carefully worded statement made by the CEO of a major
       corporation after announcing the settlement of a class-action
       lawsuit in which the company paid a fine and admitted bad things
       happened but claimed zero institutional responsibility,” Native
       American author and activist Mark Charles (Navajo) wrote on his
       Facebook page.
       The apology was lacking. It would have been more meaningful had
       Pope Francis said he was apologizing for the entire Catholic
       Church on behalf of all Catholics.[/quote]
       I agree. Nothing has changed:
  HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/colonial-era/colonialism-as-viewed-by-westerners/msg12408/#msg12408
       So when do we destroy the Vatican?
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