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#Post#: 5961--------------------------------------------------
Ancient Origins of the Celts
DIR By: guest5
Date: April 29, 2021, 11:23 pm
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Ancient Origins of the Celts - Ancient Civilizations DOCUMENTARY
--- Quote ---
> The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series
on the ancient civilizations continues with a video on the
Celts, as we discuss their ancient origins, culture, religion,
economic and political structures, with a focus on the Hallstatt
and La Tene civilizations.
--- End Quote ---
HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_QizTMIr-0
#Post#: 16768--------------------------------------------------
The Apocalyptic Downfall of Roman Britain
DIR By: guest78
Date: December 1, 2022, 3:02 pm
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The Apocalyptic Downfall of Roman Britain
--- Quote ---
> Around 410 Britain become the first province of the Roman
Empire to fall into barbarian hands. Following that the British
isles would experience one of the worst downfalls in human
history. This short history documentary is meant to contrast
the severe differences between Roman and Post Roman Britain.
--- End Quote ---
HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsSem6JeQ9Q
#Post#: 25757--------------------------------------------------
Re: Turanian diffusion
DIR By: antihellenistic
Date: April 5, 2024, 8:14 am
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Differences between Non-Western Ancient Society and Western
Ancient Society
--- Quote ---
> The most studied advanced chiefdoms include those of Tonga,
Society Islands, Tahiti, Peru, and Hawaii. The population of
some of these consisted of tens of thousands of members, headed
by several, pyramidal grades of sub-chiefs, with a paramount
chief at the top. In the 1960s and 1970s, it was commonly
believed that chiefdoms in general were kin-based societies
operating on the voluntary contributions of tribal members to do
the work that was required for survival (Fried 1967). Chiefs
were seen as organizers and coordinators of resources for the
mutual benefit of various groups (Service 1975). In more recent
years, however, the view has come to prevail, as we saw above,
that chiefs were aggressive individuals willfully engaged in
aggrandizing strategies, collecting surpluses from the commoners
to establish and enforce their dominion over time and compete
successfully with other chiefs. Chiefdoms, from what we
currently know, were continually at war and leadership was
vested in war leaders (Carneiro 1981). Then again, chiefs did
undertake public activities, such as the building and
maintenance of irrigation works, storage of food, conduct of
long distance trade, and, of course, military protection and
expansion, all which were simply too complex and important for
individual households to handle.
>
> Gat says that the societies Julius Caesar wrote about in his
The Gallic War (58 BC–51 BC) were already highly stratified,
“with chiefs and ‘big men’ transformed into a powerful
aristocracy” (2006: 212). Caesar’s book, Gat says, is full of
ethnographic observations on how the old tribal assemblies of
Celtic society “has been reduced in significance, and ordinary
men had all but lost their say.” The impression Gat leaves is
that the Celts had ceased to be a “ranked” society led by big
men. He cites Caesar: “The most powerful chiefs, and such as had
the means to hire men, commonly endeavored to make themselves
king” (212). The Celts were apparently on their way to becoming
a state with a monarchical ruler. Gat also draws attention to
the observations Caesar made about the Germans as a “more
egalitarian tribal society” than that of the Celts. Gat then
states that by the time Tacitus came to write his Germania (AD
98), he encountered chief-like Germanic societies that were not
as developed as the Celts of the 1st century BC but were,
nevertheless, ruled by powerful aristocratic chiefs who competed
with each other as leaders of their own retinue of warriors.
>
> According to Gat, these German chieftains were close in their
evolutionary development to the Celts referred to by the
historian Polybius (203–120 BC). Again, Gat is under the
impression that the Germans Caesar observed were members of a
“transegalitarian” (or simple horticultural) society. They were
not. The Indo-European cultures which spread throughout Europe
(2800–1300 BC) were all “Bronze Age” chiefdoms. The Corded
Ware/Single Burial culture that emerged in the North European
Plain at the beginning of the 3rd millennium, the Bell Beaker
phenomenon that spread across western Europe later in the 3rd
millennium, the boat-building maritime heroic tradition that was
visible around the North Sea during the middle of the 2nd
millennium, the Urnfield Late Bronze Age culture (1300-800 BC),
followed by the Hallstatt Early Iron Age culture (800–480 BC),
and then by the La Tene culture (from 400BC to the Roman
Conquest), were all chief-level societies of increasing
complexity ruled by aristocratic elites (Cunliffe 2008: 167–69,
213–21, 267, 309–16). The Celtic culture Caesar observed was led
by paramount chieftains directly controlling simple chiefdoms
and indirectly controlling (through tributary relations) complex
chiefdoms.
>
> As stated above, I use the term “aristocratic” to designate
the continued presence of an ethos of egalitarianism at the top
of the chiefly hierarchy. I suspect that Gat’s misidentification
of Europe’s simple chiefdoms as “big man” societies was due to
the strong egalitarian spirit still exhibited by these
chiefdoms. The war leaders of the Germanic tribes Caesar
observed, for example, were chosen ad hoc by the tribal
assemblies for the duration of the military activity, and the
chiefs (not “big men”), as Gat refers to them (213), were freely
moving warriors who would compete to attract young warriors
eager for adventure and individual renown. The relations between
the members of the war bands, as Gat recognizes, were “largely
egalitarian, ‘brotherhoods’ of ‘fellows’ ” (220).
--- End Quote ---
Source :
The Uniqueness of Western Civilization by Ricardo Duchesne page
389 - 390
#Post#: 31180--------------------------------------------------
Re: Ancient Origins of the Celts
DIR By: Percussion
Date: October 11, 2025, 1:55 pm
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--- Quote ---
> Celtic percussion and Indian percussion similarities
>
> Celtic and Indian percussion share several similarities,
particularly in their use of drums and other percussion
instruments. Both cultures have a rich history of using drums in
religious and spiritual practices, with Celtic shamans and
Druids using drums to aid in altered states of consciousness,
and Indian percussion instruments like the tabla and mridangam
used in rituals and ceremonies.
> The use of drums in both cultures is deeply intertwined with
their religious and spiritual practices, reflecting the
universal nature of drumming as a means of spiritual expression.
Additionally, the combination of Celtic and Indian musical
styles, as seen in projects like Celtic Connections,
demonstrates the potential for cross-cultural musical
collaboration and innovation.
> These similarities highlight the interconnectedness of musical
traditions and the shared human heritage that underpins the
development of percussion instruments and their use in various
cultural contexts.
--- End Quote ---
HTML https://drumspy.com/academy/celtic-drumming-history-and-overview/
Celtic Connections combines Celtic and Indian music traditions
--- Quote ---
> Art has had an interesting history of both expressing the
conventions of culture through folklore and rebelling against
those conventions to create something revolutionary. It can both
reinforce the envelope and push it.
--- End Quote ---
HTML https://ubyssey.ca/culture/celtic-connections-combines-celtic-and-indian-music-traditions-432/
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