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Kieft's War
By: 90sRetroFan Date: April 5, 2021, 12:30 am
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HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kieft%27s_War
[quote]Dutch colonists attacked Lenape camps and massacred the
inhabitants, which encouraged unification among the regional
Algonquian tribes against the Dutch and precipitated waves of
attacks on both sides. This was one of the earliest conflicts
between settlers and Indians in the region.
...
New Netherland had begun to flourish along the Hudson River. The
Dutch West India Company ran the settlement chiefly for trading,
with the director-general exercising unchecked corporate
authority backed by soldiers. New Amsterdam and the other
settlements of the Hudson Valley had developed beyond company
towns into a growing colony. In 1640, the Company surrendered
its trade monopoly on the colony and declared New Netherland a
free-trade zone, and Kieft was suddenly governor of a booming
economy.
Skirmishing
Kieft's first plan to reduce costs was to solicit tribute
payments from the tribes living in the region. Long-time
colonists warned him against this course, but he pursued it,
nonetheless. Tribal chiefs rejected the idea. Pigs were stolen
from the farm of David Pietersz. de Vries, so Kieft sent
soldiers to raid a Raritan village on Staten Island, killing
several people. The Raritan band retaliated by burning down de
Vries' farmhouse and killing four of his employees, so Kieft
offered bounty payments to rival tribes for the heads of
Raritans. Colonists later determined that de Vries' pigs had
been stolen by other colonists.[4] In August 1641, a
Weckquaesgeek Indian killed Claes Swits, an elderly Swiss
immigrant[5] who ran a public house frequented by settlers and
Indians alike in Turtle Bay, Manhattan.
...
Kieft sent a punitive expedition to attack the village of the
Indian who had murdered Swits, but the militia got lost. He then
accepted the peace offerings of Weckquaesgeek elders.[8] He then
launched an attack on camps of refugee Weckquaesgeek and Tappan
on February 23, 1643, two weeks after dissolving the council.[9]
Mahican and Mohawk Indians in the north had driven them south
the year before, armed with guns traded by French and English
colonists,[8] and the Tappans sought protection from the Dutch.
Kieft refused aid despite the company's previous guarantees to
the tribes to provide it. The refugees made camp at Communipaw
in Jersey City and lower Manhattan.
Pavonia Massacre
Colonists from New Netherland descended on the camps at Pavonia
on February 25, 1643 and killed 120 Indians, including women and
children. De Vries described the events in his journal:
Infants were torn from their mother's breasts, and hacked to
pieces in the presence of their parents, and pieces thrown into
the fire and in the water, and other sucklings, being bound to
small boards, were cut, stuck, and pierced, and miserably
massacred in a manner to move a heart of stone. Some were thrown
into the river, and when the fathers and mothers endeavored to
save them, the soldiers would not let them come on land but made
both parents and children drown.[10]
Historians differ on whether Kieft had planned such a massacre
or a more contained raid,[11][12] but all sources agree that he
rewarded the soldiers for their deeds.[citation needed] The
attacks united the Algonquian peoples in the surrounding areas
against the Dutch.
Two years of war
In the fall of 1643, a force of 1,500 Indians invaded New
Netherland and killed many, including Anne Hutchinson, a chief
figure in the Antinomian Controversy which ruptured the
Massachusetts Bay Colony years earlier. The Indians destroyed
villages and farms, the work of two decades of settlement, and
Dutch forces killed 500 Weckquaesgeek Indians that winter in
retaliation.
...
Kieft hired Captain John Underhill, who recruited militia on
Long Island to go against the Indians there and in Connecticut.
His forces killed more than 1,000 Indians, including 500 to 700
in the Pound Ridge Massacre.[1][/quote]
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_Ridge_massacre
[quote]On the cusp of the New Year, John Underhill was
dispatched with a force of 120 men to the town of Greenwich in
response to local Wappinger Confederacy attacks. Greenwich was
settled by New England colonists but had agreed to submit to
Dutch suzerainty in exchange for protection. After much
searching, the colonial force was finally directed to a party of
Indians by the residents of the adjacent town of Stamford.
Underhill's force managed to kill or capture twenty Indians in a
surprise attack. A raid was soon launched on the Wesquaesgeek
which managed to destroy two villages and much of the Indians'
stored winter food. Underhill next participated in an attack on
the Indians of western Long Island in February 1644. The
colonial force managed to kill 120 Indians in attacks on two
villages. Only one colonial soldier was killed and three were
wounded.
The massacre
John Underhill returned to Stamford to acquire information on
the whereabouts of the Indians. He encountered the guide who had
led them in the initial unproductive phase of the last
expedition in the region. The guide was anxious to demonstrate
his good will and offered to lead Underhill to a large
concentration of Indians nearby. As a result, three yachts
delivered 130 colonial soldiers to Greenwich under the joint
command of General John Underhill and Hendrick van Dyck Ensign.
The army was forced to spend a night in Greenwich due to a
winter storm. The next day the army marched out into the
surrounding hilly country. Traveling conditions were so poor
that some men had to crawl at stages. The army came within a
mile of the Indian village by eight in the evening. After
resting for a couple of hours, the army crossed two rivers and
surrounded the village which was located in the hollow of a
great hill.
The village was called "Nanichiestawack" meaning "Place of
Safety".[6] The Lenape were gathered for a pow wow during a
winter ceremony of celebration in their place of safety on
sacred lands of their ancestors with special guests from local
tribes. The Siwanoy and Tankiteke were attempting to integrate
their bands with five others of the Wappinger confederacy,
including the Raritan, Wecquaesgeek, and by some accounts
members of the Ramapo, with blessings on the land and people.
Scholars and local historians do not agree on the actual site of
the massacre. Some historians believe it to be located on the
border of modern Bedford and Pound Ridge Townships adjacent to
the Pound Ridge Reservation where two rivers intersect beneath
what later became a mine in the 1930s of rose quartz. Others
assume it to be located between Routes 104 and 172.[7] It
consisted of three orderly rows of houses each 80 paces long.
The Dutch report confirms that the Indians had gathered there
for a winter festival.
The night attack on the village was conducted under the light of
a full moon. The Indians were awake when the colonial force
launched its attack. In the initial phase Dutch reports suggest
180 Indians were killed outside of the houses while one colonial
soldier was killed and twelve wounded. The village was
sufficiently encircled by the attacking force such that the
Indians could not escape. The survivors holed up in the houses
and fired arrows at the assaulting army.
In a repetition of the tactics employed in the Mystic massacre,
John Underhill and his co-commander ordered the village set on
fire with the inhabitants inside, including mostly Women,
children and tribal elders. The Dutch account reported on this
phase of the battle, according to Underhill, "What was most
wonderful is, that among this vast collection of Men, Women and
Children not one was heard to cry or to scream."[8]
Only eight Indians survived the battle of whom three were
severely wounded. According to the surviving tribes, more than
600 Native Americans from seven tribes had been killed in the
massacre. Reports by colonists claim between 500 and 600 killed
by Underhill's troops most of whom were burned alive.
The survivors included a medicine man and his grandson who
arrived the next day to the sight of burnt family members. In
total the colonial force lost only one man and fifteen wounded.
The Native Americans were unprepared for war as they had
nurtured a strong relationship with local officials and
possessed memorandum of agreement based on mutual respect for
the land with local officials. John Underhill violated these
agreements and was wounded in the attack. The army remained at
the battle site for the night and departed the next morning. The
army arrived in Stamford by the afternoon and was welcomed by
the inhabitants. The army left Stamford and arrived at New
Amsterdam after two days. A Thanksgiving celebration was held on
its return.[/quote]
NEVER FORGIVE. NEVER FORGET.
[quote]For the next two years, the united tribes harassed
settlers throughout New Netherland. The sparse colonial forces
were helpless to stop the attacks, but the Indians were too
spread out to mount more effective strikes. The two sides
finally agreed to a truce when the last of the 69 united tribes
joined in August 1645.
Outcome
The Indian attacks caused many settlers to return to Europe,[14]
and the Dutch West India Company lost confidence in its ability
to control its territory in the New World. They recalled Kieft
to the Netherlands in 1647 to answer for his conduct,[15] but he
died in a shipwreck near Swansea, Wales. The company named Peter
Stuyvesant as his successor, and he managed New Netherland until
it was ceded to the English.[6][/quote]
In other words, many Dutch colonialist bloodlines surely exist
in the present-day Netherlands. Every last one must be
eliminated.
Related:
HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/colonial-era/netherlands's-colonial-brutality-which-rarely-known-by-people-scholars-and-histo/
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