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#Post#: 4947--------------------------------------------------
Venezuela
DIR By: 90sRetroFan
Date: March 19, 2021, 1:09 am
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OLD CONTENT
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Venezuela
--- Quote ---
> Pre-Columbian Venezuela had an estimated population of one
million.[2] In addition to indigenous peoples known today, the
population included historic groups such as the Kalina (Caribs),
Auaké, Caquetio, Mariche, and Timoto-Cuicas. The Timoto-Cuica
culture was the most complex society in Pre-Columbian Venezuela;
with pre-planned permanent villages, surrounded by irrigated,
terraced fields. They also stored water in tanks.[3] Their
houses were made primarily of stone and wood with thatched
roofs. They were peaceful, for the most part, and depended on
growing crops. Regional crops included potatoes and ullucos.[4]
They left behind works of art, particularly anthropomorphic
ceramics, but no major monuments. They spun vegetable fibers to
weave into textiles and mats for housing. They are credited with
having invented the arepa, a staple of Venezuelan cuisine.[5]
> ...
> Christopher Columbus sailed along the eastern coast of
Venezuela on his third voyage in 1498, the only one of his four
voyages to reach the South American mainland. This expedition
discovered the so-called "Pearl Islands" of Cubagua and
Margarita off the northeastern coast of Venezuela. Later Spanish
expeditions returned to exploit these islands' once abundant
pearl oysters, enslaving the indigenous people of the islands
and harvesting the pearls so intensively that they became one of
the most valuable resources of the incipient Spanish Empire in
the Americas between 1508 and 1531, by which time both the local
indigenous population and the pearl oysters had become
devastated.
> ...
> By the middle of the 16th century not many more than 2,000
Europeans lived in present-day Venezuela. The opening of gold
mines at Yaracuy led to the introduction of slavery[when?], at
first involving the indigenous population, then imported
Africans. The first real economic success of the colony involved
the raising of livestock, much helped by the grassy plains known
as llanos.
--- End Quote ---
Early resistance:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaicaipuro
--- Quote ---
> Guaicaipuro formed a powerful coalition of different tribes
which he led during part of the 16th century against the Spanish
conquest of Venezuelan territory in the central region of the
country, specially in the Caracas valley.
> ...
> The Spaniards discovered gold in the area of the land of the
Teques, and as they started to exploit the mines, Guaicaipuro
attacked, forcing the Spanish to leave. Following the attack,
the governor of the province of Venezuela sent Juan Rodríguez
Suárez to pacify the area, which apparently he did after
defeating Guaicaipuro in several engagements. Believing he had
achieved his task, the Spanish commander and his soldiers left
the area leaving behind miners and three of his sons. Once the
Spanish soldiers had left, Guiacaipuro assaulted the mines
killing all the workers as well as the sons of Rodríguez Suárez.
Immediately thereafter, Rodríguez Suárez who was on his way to
the city of Valencia, with a small contingent of only six
soldiers, with the purpose of meeting Lope de Aguirre, another
Spanish conquistador, was ambushed by Guaicaipuro and killed.
>
> After these successes Guaicaipuro became the main and central
figure in the uprising of all the native tribes in the vicinity
of the Caracas valley, and managed to unite all the tribes under
his command. In 1562 they defeated an expeditionary force led by
Luis Narváez. Due to the fierce attacks, the Spanish retreated
away from the area for several years.
>
> In 1567 the city of Santiago de Leon de Caracas was founded in
the Caracas valley. The Spanish worried about the nearby
presence of Guaicaipuro and his men, and given his previous
attacks, they decided not to wait for him to attack, and as a
preventive move Diego de Losada, (founder of Caracas) ordered
the mayor of the city, Francisco Infante to undertake
Guacaipuro's capture. In 1568 Infante and his men were led by
native guides to the hut where Guaicaipuro lived and they set it
on fire to force the native cacique out. Guaicaipuro stormed out
and found death at the hands of the Spanish soldiers.
--- End Quote ---
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamanaco
--- Quote ---
> Tamanaco was a native Venezuelan chief, who as leader of the
Mariches and Quiriquires tribes led (during part of the 16th
century) the resistance against the Spanish conquest of
Venezuelan territory in the central region of the country,
specially in the Caracas valley.
> ...
> Following the death of Guaicaipuro, Tamanaco had risen as the
new leader of the Mariches and Quiriquires. By 1573 Tamanaco and
his group of natives had become such a problem that
reinforcements came from Spain and other Spanish islands in the
Caribbean with the sole purpose of taking care of this matter.
>
> Soon after captain Pedro Alonso Galeas and lieutenant
Francisco Calderón joined their forces, they started on an
expedition with the intention of engaging Tamanaco and his men;
they were helped by Aricabacuto, another native Chief. Upon
learning of this expedition, Tamanaco prepared a fighting force
made up of 300 warriors recruited among his tribes and with the
help of men from the Teques and Arbaco tribes. It wasn't long
before the two groups engaged each other in combat. However
neither side came out victorious in their first fight.
>
> Soon after Tamanaco decided to attack Caracas and pursue the
Spanish soldiers who retreated to the banks of the river Guaire.
The Spanish lost and their commanding officer captain Hernando
de la Cerda died in the fighting. However, as the battle seemed
to be ending with Tamanaco's victory, a Spanish cavalry
detachment came and surrounded the natives.
>
> Tamanaco was apprehended alive and sentenced to death by
hanging. However, Garcí González de Silva, in charge of Caracas'
city hall "did something". Among the discussion a captain named
Mendoza suggested an alternative: he proposed to let Tamanaco
chose between hanging or fighting a trained-killer mastin dog
named "Friend," that Mendoza owned. All liked the idea and
proposed it to Tamanaco. He accepted the challenge and is
reported to have said "the dog will die by my hands and then
these cruel men will know what Tamanaco is capable of" However,
the fight was uneven and Tamanaco died of the injuries he
suffered in his throat.
--- End Quote ---
Moving on:
--- Quote ---
> In the 18th century, a second Venezuelan society formed along
the coast with the establishment of cocoa plantations manned by
much larger importations of African slaves. Quite a number of
black slaves also worked in the haciendas of the grassy llanos.
> ...
> only the mantuanos (a Venezuelan name for the white Creole
elite) had access to a solid education. (Another name for the
mantuanos class, grandes cacaos, reflected the source of their
wealth. To this day, in Venezuela the term can apply to a
presumptuous person.) The mantuanos showed themselves
presumptuous, overbearing, and zealous in affirming their
privileges against the pardo (mixed-race) majority of the
population.
> ...
> Although the new Junta of Caracas had self-appointed élite
members who claimed to represent the pardos (free blacks and
even slaves), the new government eventually faced the challenge
of maintaining the alliance with the pardos. Given recent
history these groups still had grievances against the mantuanos.
A segment of the mantuanos (among them 27-year-old Simón
Bolívar, the future Liberator) saw the setting up of the Junta
as a step towards outright independence. On 5 July 1811, seven
of the ten provinces of the Captaincy General of Venezuela
declared their independence in the Venezuelan Declaration of
Independence.
--- End Quote ---
Later resistance:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decree_of_War_to_the_Death
--- Quote ---
> The Decree of War to the Death, in Spanish Decreto de Guerra a
Muerte, was a decree issued by the South American independentist
leader, Simón Bolívar, which permitted murder and any atrocities
whatsoever to be committed against civilians born in Spain (or
the Canary Islands), other than those actively assisting South
American independence, and furthermore exonerated Latin
Americans who had already committed such murders and atrocities.
>
> "All Spaniards who do not conspire against tyranny in favor of
our just cause, using the most effective and active resources,
will be considered enemies, and will be punished as traitors to
the homeland, and therefore, will be promptly executed. On the
other hand, a general and absolute pardon is issued to all
Spaniards who pass into our army, with or without their weapons;
to those who offer aid to the good citizens working hard to
shake off the shackles of tyranny. War officers and magistrates
that proclaim the government of Venezuela and join our cause
will keep their destinies and work positions; in one word, all
Spaniards who perform service for the State will be reputed and
treated as Americans.
>
> And you, Americans, who have been separated from the road of
justice by error and perfidy, know that your brothers forgive
you and seriously regret your misdeeds, intimately persuaded
that you cannot be guilty, and that only the ignorance and
blindness imposed on you by the authors of your crimes could
cause you to perpetrate them. Do not fear the sword that comes
to avenge you and cut the ignominious bindings which tie you to
your executioners' fate. Rely on absolute immunity for your
honor, life and properties; the mere title of Americans will be
your warranty and safeguard. Our weapons have come to protect
you, and will never be used against a single one of our
brothers.
>
> This amnesty extends to the very traitors who have most
recently committed their acts of felony; and will be so
religiously carried out that no reason, cause or pretext will be
enough to make us break our offer, no matter how extraordinary
the reasons you give us to excite our adversity.
>
> Spaniards and Canarians, count on death, even if indifferent,
if you do not actively work in favor of the independence of
America. Americans, count on life, even if guilty."
--- End Quote ---
While Bolivar was a Freemason, I am willing to give him benefit
of doubt that he joined mostly out of ignorance, as he proved
not to be as pro-democracy as they probably would have liked:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simón_Bolívar#Personal_beliefs
--- Quote ---
> Bolívar differed, however, in political philosophy from the
leaders of the revolution in the United States on two important
matters. First of all, he was staunchly anti-slavery, despite
coming from an area of Spanish America that relied heavily on
slave labor. Second, while he was an admirer of U.S.
independence, he did not believe that its governmental system
could work in Latin America.[61] Thus, he claimed that the
governance of heterogeneous societies like Venezuela "will
require a firm hand".[62]
>
> Bolívar felt that the U.S. had been established in land
especially fertile for democracy. By contrast, he referred to
Spanish America as having been subject to the "triple yoke of
ignorance, tyranny, and vice".[6]:224 If a republic could be
established in such a land, in his mind, it would have to make
some concessions in terms of liberty. This is shown when Bolívar
blamed the fall of the first republic on his subordinates trying
to imitate "some ethereal republic" and in the process, not
paying attention to the gritty political reality of South
America.[63]
> ...
> The Bolivian constitution intended to establish a lifelong
presidency and a hereditary senate
--- End Quote ---
Admittedly, he was no ideological anti-democrat (as he believed
democracy for the US), but at least his vision for his own
country was not democracy, instead emphasizing anti-racist
American folkism. Unfortunately, leaders who came after did not
take this Americanism to heart:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Venezuela_(1830%E2%80%931908)
--- Quote ---
> Following the Venezuelan War of Independence (part of the
Spanish American wars of independence), Venezuela initially won
independence from the Spanish Empire as part of Gran Colombia.
Internal tensions led to the dissolution of Gran Colombia in
1830/31, with Venezuela declaring independence in 1831.
> ...
> In terms of social organization, Venezuela had inherited the
colonial distinctions between the minority ruling whites, the
majority un-enfranchised pardos, and the slaves.
> ...
> One cannot regard Venezuela as stable during this period: at
least thirty insurrections occurred, albeit most of them
unsuccessful. The usual pattern was that some local, usually
white, caudillo would "recruit" an "army" of 100 or more pardos
and make a pompous "revolutionary" proclamation. If this
caudillo had some measure of charisma, he could put other
caudillos on his side and, with the other recruited pardos,
march on Caracas. If he succeeded in seizing poqwer, his
continued success depended on his getting other caudillos to put
down the minor insurrections that cropped up here and there
against him. There were other features of note. In Venezuela, as
if the caudillos had a tacit understanding among themselves,
there were no political executions with but one minor(?)
exception. All a significant caudillo had to fear from failure
was either jail, usually for a short term, or exile. However,
these privileges did not extend to the pardos, who were easy to
recruit, easy to punish, and easy to forget once a caudillo was
in power.
--- End Quote ---
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Venezuela_(1908–1958)
--- Quote ---
> Gómez took power in a very poor illiterate country. The
white/pardos social divide was still very much in place. When
Gómez died in his bed in 1935, Venezuela was still a poor
illiterate country and if anything the social stratification had
been accentuated. The population had grown from perhaps one
million and a half to two million. Malaria was the greatest
killer. Gómez himself probably had Amerindian ancestry, but he
was overtly racist and he was much influenced by a historian,
Laureano Vallenilla Lanz, who published a book claiming not
inaccurately that the Venezuelan War of Independence was really
a civil war with the dubious added argument that pardos were a
menace to public order and Venezuela could only subsist as a
nation ruled by white strongmen.[6] Gómez, for instance,
prohibited all immigration from black Caribbean islands. Even
though Venezuela's population in his time was 80% pardo,
passports, which were first issued under Gómez, identified
carriers by the color of skin, which they still did until the
1980s.
--- End Quote ---
NEVER FORGIVE. NEVER FORGET.
Only very recently was there improvement:
--- Quote ---
> Amidst the new policy started by former president Hugo Chávez
of re-assessing and valuing the role of Venezuela's Caciques and
indigenous peoples in a historical narrative which has
traditionally given greater prominence to the Spanish
conquistadores, Guaicaipuro's remains were symbolically moved
(his remains have never been found) under ceremonial pomp to the
national pantheon on December 8, 2001.
--- End Quote ---
--- Quote ---
> In recent years the former president of Venezuela, deceased
Hugo Chávez, has often mentioned Tamanaco and other native
chiefs in his speeches with the purpose of inspiring Venezuelans
to resist what he calls American imperialists and
interventionists policies directed towards Venezuela. Most
notably he does it every year during the 12 October holiday,
which after being renamed several years ago Dia de la Raza
(previously America's Discovery day), was recently renamed as
Día de la Resistencia Indígena (Day of Indigenous Resistance).
--- End Quote ---
#Post#: 15093--------------------------------------------------
Re: Venezuela
DIR By: 90sRetroFan
Date: August 11, 2022, 8:13 pm
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Our enemies' perspective:
HTML https://vdare.com/articles/yes-virginia-dare-the-great-replacement-triggered-venezuela-s-decline
--- Quote ---
>
HTML https://vdare.com/public_upload/publication/featured_image/58201/VDARE-venezeula.jpg
> ...
> Now most of the educated whites have left the country, and it
will never return to white rule.
> ...
> Of course, Venezuela has been a mixed-race country from day
one, and was periodically politically unstable until the 20th
century when it modernized and oil was discovered. But
Venezuela’s pragmatic immigration policy that attracted
Europeans played the most significant role in the country’s
prosperity. People are policy, not oil.
>
> From the late-19th into the 20th centuries, large numbers of
immigrants from Italy, Portugal, and Spain emigrated, quickly
integrated into Venezuelan society and formed a part of the
country’s burgeoning middle class:
>
> In 1870, Antonio Guzmin Blanco became president of Venezuela
and exercised power, directly or indirectly, until 1888. The
country became relatively pacified and economically prosperous.
Guzmin was a fervent believer in the utility of immigration. A
new law was promulgated in 1874 and the government took an
active role in fomenting and subsidizing immigration. Private
individuals made contracts with the government to bring in
groups of immigrants who were given free passage and housing
until they were able to obtain work. Nearly 15,000 arrived
between 1874 and 1877 and another 9,000 between 1881 and 1884.
Between 1874 and 1888 a total of 26,090 immigrants arrived, of
whom 20,544 were Spaniards. … The second most numerous group
were 2,764 Italians.
> ...
> Thanks to this European immigration, by the 1960s, Venezuela
became Latin America’s most prosperous country, with a standard
of living comparable to that of southern Europe. Venezuelans of
European origin figured prominently in the nation’s success
story.
> ...
> Though Venezuela was headed downhill before Chávez took over,
with two failed coup attempts and a nasty bout of inflation in
the 1990s [A History of Venezuelan Inflation, by José Nińo,
Mises Institute, December 7, 2018], under his rule from 1999
through 2013, the decline accelerated. Chávez put socialism and
corruption into overdrive. He pursued aggressive confiscatory
policies against enemies of the regime, who were usually part of
the country’s white European upper crust.
> ...
> Chávez of course was partly black and indigenous, so he put
the country’s black and indigenous people on a pedestal while
diminishing the accomplishments of white Venezuelans.
>
> In 2002, Chávez grabbed the brass ring of anti-European public
policy. He abolished Columbus Day, which was called Día de la
Raza, and created the Day of Indigenous Resistance, Día de la
Resistencia Indígena, to celebrate indigenous people’s struggle
against European settlers. Chávez repeatedly used the occasion
to “redistribute” land [Venezuela: Land returned on Indigenous
Resistance Day, CulturalSurvival.org]. Such was the mania for
indigenous pride that protestors tore down a statue of
Christopher Columbus in Caracas and hanged it:
>
> Protestors used thick yellow climbing ropes to bring down the
100 year old statue of Columbus and dragged the remains through
downtown Caracas and towards the Teresa Carreńo theatre, where
hundreds of indigenous people presented their cultural songs and
dance to each other and other supporters commemorating October
12. The protestors intended to ask indigenous people to bring
Columbus to trial after 512 years.
> ...
> Scrapping Columbus Day represented Venezuela’s definitive
departure from its European heritage.
> ...
> Latin American elites knew and publicly recognized that
Europeans represented the pinnacle of human achievement. If
Latin America wanted to advance, most prominent leaders in the
19th century understood, then importing Europeans was the way to
do it.
>
> For example, Argentine diplomat and classical liberal theorist
Juan Bautista Alberdi believed Argentina had to import Europeans
en masse to become a civilized nation. His most famous
expression was “to govern is to populate.” His work largely
influenced the Argentine constitution of 1853. Article 25
promotes European migration:
> ...
> Alberdi’s sentiments about Europeans were typical. Governments
actively encouraged white immigration to accelerate
blanqueamiento (whitening).
> ...
> The lesson for Venezuela, as it is for the United States, is
this: Demography is destiny.
--- End Quote ---
Related:
HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/colonial-era/colonialism-as-viewed-by-westerners/
HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/true-left-vs-right/homo-hubris/
Chavez's woke response:
HTML https://www.brainyquote.com/photos_tr/en/h/hugochavez/177595/hugochavez1.jpg
#Post#: 15124--------------------------------------------------
Re: Venezuela
DIR By: guest30
Date: August 13, 2022, 9:51 am
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@90sRetroFan
--- Quote ---
> ...For example, Argentine diplomat and classical liberal
theorist Juan Bautista Alberdi believed Argentina had to import
Europeans en masse to become a civilized nation. His most famous
expression was “to govern is to populate.” His work largely
influenced the Argentine constitution of 1853. Article 25
promotes European migration:
> ...
> Alberdi’s sentiments about Europeans were typical. Governments
actively encouraged white immigration to accelerate
blanqueamiento (whitening).
--- End Quote ---
Encourage "white" immigration promoting their industrialist and
gentrification behaviour which resulting capitalist and liberal
way of life. So importing them are resulting national
degeneration. They must to be indoctrinated with anti-Western
ideology first before live and enter to every of the homeland
which they want to live.
#Post#: 28634--------------------------------------------------
Re: Psychological decolonization
DIR By: rp
Date: November 12, 2024, 10:16 pm
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HTML https://x.com/blob_watcher/status/1856434273546285204?t=Kuus7UGdQbEgfCu4eaeeNg&s=19
[quote]
Rubio once claimed that Venezuela is a Western country.
Between naivete, exaggeration, and Rubio's cold warrior
instincts against Latin America, LATAM is utterly screwed...
[Img]
HTML https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GcNg3gPXUAAecmw?format=png&name=900x900[/img]
[/Quote]
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