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#Post#: 3688--------------------------------------------------
Islamic Golden Age - Philosophy and Humanities
By: guest5 Date: January 26, 2021, 7:56 pm
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Islamic Golden Age - Philosophy and Humanities
HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9M5wyH4kNZE
#Post#: 3695--------------------------------------------------
Re: Islamic Golden Age - Philosophy and Humanities
By: 90sRetroFan Date: January 26, 2021, 10:40 pm
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OLD CONTENT
Islamic Rennaissance?
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age
---
Firstly, the term "Renaissance" etymologically implies revival
after a lapse. The appearance of the Jamia (which has yet to
occur) could be accurately called an Islamic Renaissance. The
study of Greek classics in Islamic countries cannot accurately
be termed an Islamic Renaissance.
Secondly, even the term "Islamic Golden Age" is Eurocentric, and
this article explains why:
medium.com/the-maple-leaf-ummah/the-islamic-golden-age-the-bigge
st-hoax-in-history-a2beaa8b10cc
[quote]Isn’t it an inspiring story? Once upon a time, the
magical world of flying carpets and Bangal tigers and bedouin
was experiencing something similar (but inferior) to the acme of
all human thought: the Enlightenment.
Hard to imagine now, I know, but a long time ago the Arabs and
Persians (and whatever else sort-of exists in those unknowable
places) were acting almost civilized, almost European. So nearly
European, in fact, that we can just go ahead and say they were
fully European, and give them their own age.
As long as they stay there.
Yes, I’m talking about the Islamic Golden Age, that beautiful
work of Orientalist fiction that is used to explain away the
existence of a brief moment of civilization outside of the
European sphere of influence.
Why Do I have such disdain for this epithet, you ask? What is an
epithet, you ask? Let me tell you.
The Eye of the Beholder
First off, an epithet is a name that someone gives something to
describe it, and that is the key here. The ‘Golden Age’ of Islam
was not a name given to this undefined period by Muslims, nor
Arabs, nor Persians. It was a name bestowed upon those people by
Europeans, and it refers to something painfully obvious and
insulting to those people.
The Golden Age of Islam is commonly understood to have started
with the establishment of Baghdad, especially with the
establishment of the House of Wisdom there, and/or various other
universities around the same time. The Golden Age then continues
until the destruction of Baghdad by the Mongols, or variously
until some other event that a historian deems significant enough
to condemn two whole continents back to barbarism.
Most tellingly, the Golden Age can most easily be defined as the
period of Islamic history that lead most directly to the
European Renaissance.
Furthermore, Golden Age Scholars like Avicenna are widely
recognized as having contributed to the fields of science,
whereas regular old philosophers such as Bukhari, Abu Hanifa or
al-Qazwini are largely or completely ignored for no reason other
than that their bodies of research were never appropriated by
the ‘founders’ of everything good and correct in the world:
European thought.
...
So to sum things up: So long as the scholars were working toward
a future prosperity in Europe, they were in the Golden Age. As
soon as they stopped, they needed to be destroyed for their
immorality.[/quote]
I largely agree. Muslims themselves generally consider the best
time in Islamic history (excluding when the Jamia will appear)
to be the time when Mohammed himself was still alive, known as
the Time of the Companions:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet
If any time deserves to be called an "Islamic Golden Age", it
should be that time, not the much later era chosen by
Eurocentrists.
#Post#: 3703--------------------------------------------------
Re: Islamic Golden Age - Philosophy and Humanities
By: guest5 Date: January 27, 2021, 12:20 am
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Fascinating. Had not even thought of that.
#Post#: 7789--------------------------------------------------
Early Muslim Expansion - Arab Conquest of Iran and Egypt
By: guest55 Date: July 30, 2021, 10:11 pm
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Early Muslim Expansion - Arab Conquest of Iran and Egypt
HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=baHT2nR5Wr4&list=TLPQMzEwNzIwMjG5xTTgkOalBQ&index=7
#Post#: 18296--------------------------------------------------
Re: Islamic Golden Age - Philosophy and Humanities
By: antihellenistic Date: March 7, 2023, 8:47 pm
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Ibn Rusyd, the Contributor to the Rise of Western Civilization
and Horror of Aristotelianism, or Can be Called as Colonial Era
[quote]According to Ibrahim Madkour, as quoted by Fuad Mahbub
Siraj (2012: 91), there are several reasons that raise Western
attention to Ibn Rushd's thoughts.
1. Frederick II as a lover of science and philosophy, as well as
the founder of the University of Naples, was very interested in
Ibn Rushd's comments on Aristotle. He asked Ibn Rushd's comments
on Aristotle's thoughts to be translated into Latin, which were
then widely spread in Europe.
2. The Jews, adherents of Ibn Rushd's philosophy, attempted to
translate Ibn Rushd's works into Hebrew and Latin. Then they
acted as intermediaries between Ibn Rushd philosophy and Western
(Christian) philosophy
3. Some philosophical researchers think that to understand
Aristotle's philosophy, it is best to read the works of Ibn
Rushd. Therefore, retranslating Ibn Rushd's works in the 16th is
aimed at understanding Aristotle better than Ibn Rushd himself.
Ibn Rushd has a very large contribution to the development of
philosophy and medicine in Europe. Some experts have even dubbed
Ibn Rushd as the most superior representative of Arabic
philosophy and the prince of science, because of his enormous
influence on Europe in the Middle Ages and succeeded in planting
the seeds of revival in Europe. Ibn Rushd's rational thoughts
entered Europe via Spain which was seen as a bridge crossing
Arab-Islamic culture to the West. His works were translated from
Arabic into Hebrew by Jacob Anatoli, and from Hebrew into Latin
by Jacob Mantino and Abraham de Balmes. Other works were
translated directly from Arabic into Latin by Michael Scott
(Fuad Mahbub Siraj, 2012: 92).
Ernest Renan, Isrel Welfens, and Oliver Leaman noted that Ibn
Rushd's philosophy was influential among the Jews through the
role of a Jewish philosopher named Moses Maimonides (Musa bin
Maimun). For medieval Jewish scholars, Ibn Rushd was almost
equal to Aristotle, because without Ibn Rushd, the best
commentator on Aristotle, the Jews would not have known
Aristotle.[/quote]
History of Islamic and Western World Thought by Ajat Sudrajat
page 238
#Post#: 18297--------------------------------------------------
Re: Islamic Golden Age - Philosophy and Humanities
By: 90sRetroFan Date: March 7, 2023, 8:53 pm
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See also:
HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/questions-debates/debate-with-the-liberals/msg15024/#msg15024
[quote]
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle#On_medieval_Judaism
[quote]Moses Maimonides (considered to be the foremost
intellectual figure of medieval Judaism)[178] adopted
Aristotelianism from the Islamic scholars and based his Guide
for the Perplexed on it and that became the basis of Jewish
scholastic philosophy. Maimonides also considered Aristotle to
be the greatest philosopher that ever lived, and styled him as
the "chief of the philosophers".[179][180][181] Also, in his
letter to Samuel ibn Tibbon, Maimonides observes that there is
no need for Samuel to study the writings of philosophers who
preceded Aristotle because the works of the latter are
"sufficient by themselves and [superior] to all that were
written before them. His intellect, Aristotle's is the extreme
limit of human intellect, apart from him upon whom the divine
emanation has flowed forth to such an extent that they reach the
level of prophecy, there being no level
higher".[182][/quote][/quote]
#Post#: 18348--------------------------------------------------
Re: Islamic Golden Age - Philosophy and Humanities
By: antihellenistic Date: March 10, 2023, 3:33 am
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The Famous Islamic Scholars and Philosophers during Caliphate
Era were close to Westerners ideologically, not Islamic
[quote]... this philosophical thought began to be seen clearly,
especially during the reign of the Abbasids. Interest in Greek
thought began with the desire of Muslims at that time to study
medicine or the Greek model of medicine, from that encounter it
was then continued in other sciences, including philosophy.
Attention to philosophy increased during the reign of Caliph
Al-Makmun (813-833 AD), son of Harun al-Rashid. In his time,
many scientists were sent to the Byzantine Empire to look for
manuscripts which were then brought to Baghdad to be translated
into Arabic. For the purposes of translation, al-Makmun founded
Bait al-Hikmah in Baghdad. This institution was led by a
Christian from Hirah named Hunain ibn Ishaq. He had been to
Greece and studied Greek. Apart from mastering Arabic and Greek,
Hunain also mastered Siriak (Siryani), which at that time was
one of the scientific languages. The works translated into
Arabic are Aristotle, [color=black]Plato, and books on
neo-Platonism.[/color][/quote]
History of Islamic and Western World Thought by Ajat Sudrajat
page 55 and 56
[quote]Among the Muslim philosophers who have big names include:
1. Al-Kindi (801-866 AD)
The name Al-Kindi is the nisbat for the tribe from which he
originated, namely Banu Indah. Banu Kindah is a tribe of Kindah
descent which has long occupied the southern region of the
Arabian Peninsula. Al-Kindi's full name is Abu Yusuf Ya'qub ibn
Ishaq Ash-Shabbah ibn 'Imran ibn Ismail ibn Al-Asy'ats ibn Qays
Al-Kindi. He was born in Kufa in 185 AH (801 AD). His father,
Ishaq Ash-Shabbah, was governor of Kufa during the reign of
Al-Mahdi and Harun al-Rashid from Bani Abbas. His father died a
few years after Al-Kindi was born. Because he was the only
Muslim philosopher of Arab descent, Al-Kindi was known as
Failasuf Al-'Arab.
Al-Kindi's name rose after living in the palace during the reign
of Al-Mu'tashim who replaced Al-Makmun in 218 H. (833 AD),
because he was trusted to be the personal teacher of
Al-Mu'tashim's son, namely Ahmad ibn Al -Mu'tasim. It was at
this time that Al-Kindi had the opportunity to write his works,
after during Al-Ma'mun's time he had translated Greek books into
Arabic. As a philosopher who pioneered the meeting of Greek
religion and philosophy, Al-Kindi received many challenges from
religious experts. He was accused of belittling and fooling
scholars who did not know Greek philosophy. Many slanders were
accused of Al-Kindi, especially during the reign of
Al-Mutawakkil. Finally Al-Kindi stepped aside from the palace's
political turmoil and died in 292 H (866 AD) (Azhar Basyir,
1993:80-81)
...
2. Al-Farabi (872-950 AD)
Another great philosopher in Islam is Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn
Muhammad ibn Tarkhan ibn Uzlagh al-Farabi. Al-Farabi was the son
of a warlord from the Samani Dynasty (874-999 AD) who ruled in
Transoxania and Persia. The name al-Farabi comes from the name
of the place where he was born, namely Farab, Transaxonia ; was
born in 872 AD, and is of Turkic descent.
As a youth he went to Baghdad, the center of science and
philosophy, and he studied philosophy, logic, mathematics,
metaphysics, ethics, political science, music, and other things.
Al-Farabi had been a student of Bisyr ibn Yunus, one of the
translators who assisted Hunain ibn Ishaq at Bait al-Hikmah.
From Baghdad then he moved to Aleppo and lived in the Palace of
Saif Al-Daulah of the Hamdani dynasty that ruled Syria. It was
in this palace that he developed a lot of his thoughts, because
this palace was a place for scientists to gather and meet. Among
Muslim philosophers, al-Farabi is known as al-Mu'alim al-Tsani
(Second Teacher); while the First Teacher (al-Mu'alim
al-al-Awwal) was Aristotle.[/quote]
History of Islamic and Western World Thought by Ajat Sudrajat
page 60
How can the Islamic scholars in the past consider Greek western
worldview as "philosophy" while not considering Mohammad's
teachings philosophy too? Even they consider Aristotle were
their main teacher?
#Post#: 18414--------------------------------------------------
Re: Islamic Golden Age - Philosophy and Humanities
By: antihellenistic Date: March 14, 2023, 10:05 am
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Ibnu Khaldun Reviving Western's Capitalism, Aristotelian's
Empiricism and Climate-Racialism. He also Pave the Way to the
Rise of Communist Ideology
[quote]Ibn Khaldun, a [s]Muslim[/s] philosopher in the 14th
century, stated that by nature humans need something to eat.
This is needed to equip himself in all circumstances and stages
of his life from the first period of his growth to his old age.
This statement is complemented by quotations from a number of
verses contained in the Qur'an, including in surah al-Jatsiyah
(45): 13 which states: "And He has subjected to you all that is
in the heavens and on earth, (as a mercy) from Him” (Ibn
Khaldun, 1986: 447).
Departing from the verse he quoted above, Ibn Khaldun argues
that humans are given the power by God to exploit everything
that exists on earth and this sky. Humans have a part of
everything that exists in this world. Furthermore, emphasized by
Ibn Khaldun, once someone has owned an item, then other people
cannot take that item but he must give something of equal value
in return. Therefore, when people have earned income, then to
obtain other needs and interests of life can be done by
exchanging, in economic language it is called bartering or
buying and selling (Ibn Khaldun, 1986: 448)[/quote]
The problem is, if the trade based on equal power all the time,
there will be no socialism. That's capitalistic way of economy
by nature
History of Islamic and Western World Thought by Ajat Sudrajat
page 197 to 198
[quote]Ibn Khaldun's intellectual contribution to the
development of Western thought traditions is also very
significant. Through the monumental work Muqaddimah, Ibn Khaldun
has contributed scientific methodology in the form of empirical
theoretical studies in the field of social sciences. It is this
[s]Muslim[/s] scholar who should be recognized as the pioneer of
empirical sociological studies, not Augustus Comte. In his
methodology, Ibn Khaldun places great emphasis on empirical
data, theoretical verification, hypothesis testing, and
observational methods, all of which are basic principles in
Western scientific research and the world in general.
According to Graundy, Ibn Khaldun has shown the influence of
climate, geography and economic conditions on the lives of
nations. Studying the structure and function of society starts
from the division of labor, the role of social solidarity
(ashobiyah) in the formation of the state and the destruction of
power and proves that differences in the way of seeking life
will affect the customs and thoughts of nations. Ibn Khaldun has
also provided a theoretical formulation regarding the
understanding of historical materialism that has been developed
by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.[/quote]
History of Islamic and Western World Thought by Ajat Sudrajat
page 240 to 241
This case on Ibn Khaldun's contribution above is
self-explanatory
Islamic [s]Golden Age[/s] Eurocentrism and Self-Destruction
#Post#: 18434--------------------------------------------------
Re: Islamic Golden Age - Philosophy and Humanities
By: 90sRetroFan Date: March 15, 2023, 2:51 am
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"That's capitalistic way of economy by nature"
No, capitalism is about making money from the money you already
have.
[quote]once someone has owned an item, then other people cannot
take that item but he must give something of equal value in
return. Therefore, when people have earned income, then to
obtain other needs and interests of life can be done by
exchanging, in economic language it is called bartering or
buying and selling[/quote]
It would only be capitalism if "earned income" includes income
from capital investments. So long as "earned income" is all
income from labour, it is not capitalism, as no one will become
richer than their total quantity of labour.
#Post#: 18636--------------------------------------------------
Re: Islamic Golden Age - Philosophy and Humanities
By: IbnHaytham Date: March 28, 2023, 3:46 pm
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The Dark Origins of the Scientific Method
[quote]500 years before the Scientific Revolution, the
mathematician Al-Hassan Ibn al-Haytham spent hours in a dark
room studying the light that filtered in. Not only did he
revolutionize how we literally see the world, he pioneered the
scientific method that is now the backbone of modern
science.[/quote]
HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cPzNmtoZDU
Comments:
[quote]Ibn haytham famous quote "The duty of the man who
investigates the writings of scientists, if learning the truth
is his goal, is to make himself an enemy of all that he reads,
and ... attack it from every side. He should also suspect
himself as he performs his critical examination of it, so that
he may avoid falling into either prejudice or leniency."[/quote]
[quote]I learned all of this back in 5th and 6th grade science
class. Except change the scientist from Al-Haytham to the more
Anglo, Newton. Thank you US education![/quote]
[quote]I've been spreading that peice of knowledge for years and
little did scientists know of or acknowledge it. Very pleased
with this video, keep up the good work 👌[/quote]
[quote]Excellent video! All those people deserve recognition and
credit. Something to think about...the scientific method is
actually "built in" to nature. Without the ability to
detect/observe, make and remember a choice, and then later learn
from a bad choice or repeat a good or better choice, nothing
could propagate itself. Plants, animals and early humans have
been doing these things since they started to exist (and yes,
plants do "behave" by avoiding things that are harmful to them
and being attracted to things that are good for their survival,
like growing towards sunlight). The earliest humans had to
observe what they were hunting, test different techniques,
abandon those that didn't work and perfect those that did.
[s]Same thing a pack of wolves had to do to survive.[/s] Nature
is "running experiments" all the time. In that sense, the
"scientific method" is as old as nature itself. Thanks for the
great video![/quote]
Wolves are scavengers. Both plants and wolves teach human-beings
that you do not need to murder other beings in-order to survive
nature's "running experiment"...
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