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#Post#: 20288--------------------------------------------------
Re: The "Black" and "White" Identity
Politics Scam
DIR By: 2ThaSun
Date: June 11, 2023, 1:23 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
RACE – THE POWER OF AN ILLUSION How the Racial Wealth Gap Was
Created
--- Quote ---
> These scenes are excerpted from California Newsreel’s
acclaimed three-part documentary series, Race-The Power of an
Illusion. To learn more and watch the entire series, please
visit
--- End Quote ---
HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YvY3Ok6YpbU
#Post#: 20415--------------------------------------------------
Re: The "Black" and "White" Identity
Politics Scam
DIR By: HikariDude
Date: June 16, 2023, 7:01 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
I saw a clip from Cry Freedom that I thought coincided with this
topic. If one needs a reference on why they should not use
'white' and 'black', it is this quote:
HTML https://sp-ao.shortpixel.ai/client/to_webp,q_glossy,ret_img,w_640/https://escapematter.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Steve-Biko-1.jpg
#Post#: 21205--------------------------------------------------
Re: The "Black" and "White" Identity
Politics Scam
DIR By: 90sRetroFan
Date: July 30, 2023, 2:42 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
It's OK for resorts to be "white":
HTML https://www.yahoo.com/news/denying-humanity-santa-monica-decimated-140010804.html
--- Quote ---
> In 1922, Black businessmen Charles S Darden and Norman O
Houston had secured an agreement to purchase the land Shutters
now stands on. They were planning to develop a “first-class
resort”, complete with a bathhouse, dance hall and amusement
center, one they hoped would become a national tourist
destination for Black Americans.
>
> It didn’t take long for Santa Monica’s white residents to
rally in opposition. The Protective League, a citizens’ group
with “a membership of 1,000 Caucasians” that aimed to “eliminate
all objectionable features” from the California beach town,
lobbied officials to deny the men construction permits and
ensure the site was zoned for residential use only. The
officials complied.
>
> Three years later, the site became a beach club for white
residents.
--- End Quote ---
That is literally how easy it was to practice "white" supremacy.
See also:
HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/news/ethnonepotism/
Continuing:
--- Quote ---
> Many people are unaware that Santa Monica, the coastal enclave
now known for its beaches, star residents and hot real estate,
was once home to a thriving Black community. The city was at the
heart of the dreams of Black entrepreneurs, who had migrated
west with their families hoping to flee prejudice and find
fortune.
>
> “Everybody saw Santa Monica as the new place of leisure in the
early 20th century, and Black folks got in where they could
afford to buy land,” said Dr Alison Rose Jefferson, a historian
and third-generation Los Angeles resident who has long
documented African American history in the Golden state.
>
> Over time, racist policies stripped away the community’s
access to the coast, forcing many families out. Today the city
is predominantly white and the history of the Black experience
in the city was hidden for many people.
> ...
> “Black folks were trying to just be, and recreation was part
of that. We needed relaxation and ways to reinvigorate ourselves
just like white folks. This was denying our humanity.”
--- End Quote ---
That's the problem. We can't just be so long as "whites" still
are. We first have to ensure "whites" have ceased to be.
--- Quote ---
> As white residents and merchants found ways to block Black
residents from clubs and beach areas (in violation of unenforced
civil rights laws), a Black beach began to emerge in one area
near the church. The Bay Street Beach, which white residents
pejoratively referred to as “the Inkwell”
> ...
> In the 1950s, governments across the US began decimating Black
neighborhoods through “eminent domain”, seizing private land for
public projects. The construction of freeways and other public
facilities and infrastructure tore through Black historical
enclaves in cities such as Miami, Nashville, Montgomery, New
Orleans, Kansas City and Oakland.
>
> In Santa Monica, the Interstate 10 freeway displaced an
estimated 600 predominantly Black families. One house destroyed
had belonged to Nick Gabaldón, the first documented Black and
Mexican American surfer in Santa Monica, and “a symbol for all
African Americans striving for self-fulfillment and to take
advantage of everything the California Dream had to offer”,
Jefferson said. Families were dispersed to areas they could
afford – far from the beach.
>
> In 1957, three decades after Darden and Houston’s resort
proposal was blocked, entrepreneur Silas White had his own plans
for a beach club. The Ebony Beach Club would be a
membership-based recreation and entertainment venue in a
long-vacant building, down the street from the historic church.
The project had the support of Nat King Cole, but two months
before it was set to open, the city voted to seize the land to
build a parking lot for a new “civic auditorium”, a project that
ultimately razed the Black neighborhood known as Belmar
Triangle. In some instances, the city burned down homes
considered “blighted” and then publicized photos of the torched
structures to further justify the taking of land in the area,
Jefferson said.
--- End Quote ---
See?
#Post#: 21936--------------------------------------------------
Re: The "Black" and "White" Identity
Politics Scam
DIR By: Whites
Date: September 6, 2023, 5:01 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
Why White Americans look like this
--- Quote ---
> Are these the true faces of White Americans? In this video,
we'll delve into genetic data, challenging traditional
stereotypes and exploring the complex tapestry of heritage that
forms White American identity. From surprising African echoes to
diverse European roots, we'll question what 'whiteness' truly
signifies. Join us as we decode DNA and reveal the rich and
often surprising ancestry of White America. This is much more
than a journey through our genes; it's a quest to understand our
shared history and identity!
--- End Quote ---
HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yk13iit8Ldg
Related:
HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/human-evolution/facial-turanism/
HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/mythical-world/turanian-diffusion/
HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/mythical-world/gentilism/
HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/human-evolution/sexual-dimorphism-preferences/
HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/human-evolution/face-shapes-and-preferences/
HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/human-evolution/facial-aryanism/
#Post#: 22694--------------------------------------------------
Re: The "Black" and "White" Identity
Politics Scam
DIR By: 90sRetroFan
Date: October 10, 2023, 7:18 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
New vocabulary to start using:
HTML https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/ex-confederates-spread-racist-attitudes-far-wide-civil-war-rcna90419
--- Quote ---
> How ex-Confederates spread racist attitudes far and wide after
the Civil War
>
> The "Confederate Diaspora" has contributed to systemic racism
in almost every area of life, and it continues shape “racial
inequities in labor, housing, and policing," researchers wrote.
--- End Quote ---
This is a brilliant term for describing our anti-American
enemies on US soil. I am ashamed that I never thought of it
myself, despite previously agreeing with the concept:
HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/true-left-vs-false-left/trump-a-fascist/msg13620/#msg13620
HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/true-left-vs-false-left/re-uniting-americans/msg15461/#msg15461<br
/>)
Continuing:
--- Quote ---
> A new study outlines how white people’s migration during and
after the Civil War, from the Confederate South to the West,
bolstered white supremacy and institutional racism in non-slave
states, helping create the vast racial disparities that exist
today nationwide.
>
> Five researchers from separate colleges collaborated on the
study, called “Confederate Diaspora,” to compile and study
census data that tracked the migration to the West of white
Americans, including 60,000 former plantation owners. The former
Southerners took on local positions of authority, like police
officers, clergy and politicians, giving them influence to
create a post-Civil War culture that continued to oppress Black
people even after slavery had ended.
> ...
> The former Confederates “continued to transmit norms to their
children and non-Southern neighbors,” the researchers wrote,
“shaping racial inequities in labor, housing, and policing.”
>
> Researcher Patrick Testa, an assistant professor of economics
at Tulane University in New Orleans, said the impact of the
Confederates on other parts of the country was deep and
long-lasting.
>
> In the three decades following the Civil War, white
Southerners were more likely than other white people to take on
work in governance, he said, and former slaveholders were even
more likely to assume those positions, he said.
>
> “What we show ultimately is that these migrants,” Testa said,
“through these governance channels and channels of public-facing
authority, helped lay the groundwork for these types of symbols
and racial norms and a broad-base Confederate nostalgia to
really take off at a national level by the early 20th century.”
>
> One of those “norms” was the institution of the Ku Klux Klan
and the racial terror it inflicted in many parts of the country.
In the report, the researchers identify “overrepresentation of
first-and second-generation migrants in the KKK,” adding that
the second generation of the KKK established in 1915 helped to
“rejuvenate and mainstream Confederate culture.”
>
> Those born in the South were 11% more likely to belong to the
KKK in the Denver metropolitan area, for example, a major hub of
Klan activity in the 1920s beyond the South, the report said.
>
> “The harmful legacies of slavery persist beyond those that
experience being slaves, but across generations and across
places,” Testa said.
>
> Along with census data, the group of researchers analyzed KKK
membership records of second-generation Confederate migrants who
were born outside of the South but maintained slavery-era norms.
“This suggests,” Testa said, the passing down of racial animus
from generation to generation may have been “an important
vehicle for sustaining diaspora influence long after the initial
Confederate migrants had passed.”
>
> As the California Reparations Task Force is set to hand over
its recommendations to the state’s Legislature next week, this
new study crystalizes how states that did not legally allow
slavery, like California, still contributed mightily to
oppressing Black people.
> ...
> in the later part of the 19th century it became the home of
numerous former Southerners and it was populated by so many
Confederate-aligned citizens that it supported John C.
Breckinridge in the 1860 presidential election. Breckinridge
advocated for the expansion of slavery and supported the 1850
Fugitive Slave Law, which required the return of an enslaved
person to a plantation even if he was found in a “free state.”
>
> Because many parts of California favored Breckinridge, it
became a popular destination for Southerners at the time.
“Outside of the South, California is maybe the most intense in
terms of a cultural index that indicates how it accepted
racism,” Testa said.
>
> Studying the spread of former Confederates was important,
Testa said, because it provides clear data on how the ills of
slavery and the Confederate ideology spread across America.
>
> “For the purposes of understanding the multifarious roots of
racial division in American society, which continues to be
persistent long after, it’s important,” Testa said.
--- End Quote ---
#Post#: 23729--------------------------------------------------
Re: The "Black" and "White" Identity
Politics Scam
DIR By: 90sRetroFan
Date: November 14, 2023, 5:07 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
HTML https://www.kiro7.com/news/trending/us-army-overturns-convictions-110-black-soldiers-charged-1917-houston-riot/YVERN7LQ2BGNDAEGDJR6D2X5IE/
--- Quote ---
> HOUSTON — The U.S. Army is overturning the convictions of 110
Black soldiers -- 19 of whom were executed -- after they were
found guilty of murder, mutiny and assault after a riot during
the summer of 1917.
> ...
> The records of the soldiers who were assigned to protect Camp
Logan outside of Houston will now reflect that they served
honorably.
--- End Quote ---
Who convicted them in the first place?
--- Quote ---
> Within 12 hours of Maj. Gen. John Ruckman’s sentencing in
1917, 13 soldiers were hanged, the Chronicle reported. By
September 1918, six more soldiers were executed.
>
> In addition, 63 soldiers were sentenced to life in prison in
federal courts.
>
> Two white officers who faced court martial were released,
according to the TSHA.
--- End Quote ---
So will Ruckman's descendants be prohibited from reproducing? If
not, and if they are not voluntarily refraining from
reproducing, then they are valid targets. Otherwise, justice has
not been done.
#Post#: 24178--------------------------------------------------
Re: The "Black" and "White" Identity
Politics Scam
DIR By: antihellenistic
Date: November 28, 2023, 1:48 am
---------------------------------------------------------
The History of Jim Crow Law
--- Quote ---
> Finally, freedom for the former slaves meant the right to
vote. Immediately after the end of the war Blacks began
organizing to demand suffrage for all men regardless of race.
For them, voting, like land ownership, was important both as a
practical guarantee and as a symbol of their newly free status.
This desire for the political franchise was supported by the
Radical branch of the Republican party, which for a decade after
Appomattox largely controlled the national government. In 1866
the Republicans passed the Fourteenth Amendment to the
Constitution, which made all former slaves US citizens, and a
year later followed it with the Reconstruction Act, requiring
Southern states to ratify the amendment and allow Blacks to vote
as a condition of their readmission to the Union. The result
was a political revolution in the South, as the former slaves
streamed to the polls in overwhelming numbers, with their white
allies electing a series of progressive state governments across
the region. This expansion of the franchise reached its zenith
in 1870 when the Fifteenth Amendment, granting the right to
vote to men of all races, became the law of the land.123
>
> Most white Southerners viewed these changes with horror and
moved to limit the impact of emancipation as much as possible.
In 1865 and 1866 several Southern states passed Black codes
that forced freedmen to provide proof of employment, usually by
signing contracts to work on plantations. They became one way
of “getting things back as near to slavery as possible.”124 More
ominously, Southern whites initated a campaign of violence and
terror against local Republicans, both Black and white. At the
end of 1865 Confederate veterans in Tennessee founded the Ku
Klux Klan, which over the next few years murdered hundreds of
Blacks and their white supporters. The Klan targeted in
particular Republican politicians in a violent attempt to
disenfranchise the Black population and maintain white
supremacy. This reign of terror continued until 1872, when
President Grant suppressed it with federal troops.125
>
> The suppression of the Klan showed that the key to Black
freedom lay in the North; only as long as the Radical
Republicans held power would they enforce the right of Southern
Blacks to vote. By the early 1870s the signs were not
encouraging. As we have seen, Black suffrage was not popular in
the North before the war, and even after 1865 proposals to
enfranchise African Americans were voted down in most Northern
states. By the early 1870s many Northern whites were more
interested in reconciliation with the South than with protecting
Black rights there. The Democratic Party scored a major election
victory in 1874, winning control of the House of
Representatives, signaling that the reformist approach to the
former Confederacy had lost much of its steam. White Southerners
soon drew their own conclusions from these signals, and in 1875
renewed their violent campaign against Reconstruction. In
Mississippi, armed vigilantes murdered Republican politicians
and terrorized their supporters from voting, enabling the
Democrats to win the state by a landslide. The same happened in
South Carolina in 1876, by which time Democrats and their
terrorist allies had overthrown all the Reconstruction state
governments in the South. Unlike in 1872, the federal
government refused to intervene. Instead, in 1877 the new
presidential administration of Rutherford B. Hayes agreed, in
exchange for Southern support in the disputed election of the
previous year, to withdraw all federal troops from the South and
recognize the legitimacy of its Democratic state governments.
The so-called Bargain or Compromise of 1877 effectively ended
the Reconstruction of the South, and with it hopes for Black
freedom.126
>
> The next two decades witnessed the rebirth of white supremacy
in the South. During the last quarter of the nineteenth century
Southern states passed a series of laws to keep their Black
populations separate and inferior. Collectively known as Jim
Crow, these measures rigidly segregated Blacks in all major
spheres of life, from hospitals, schools, and public parks down
to telephone booths and drinking fountains. Facilities
available for Blacks were invariably inferior in quality,
highlighting their exclusion from the mainstream of Southern
life. Jim Crow was not just a Southern phenomenon, however;
public racial segregation existed throughout the North and West,
and the Supreme Court’s 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision
upholding the doctrine of “separate but equal” made it in effect
national policy.127
>
> The main thrust and goal of the post-Reconstruction reaction,
however, was the disenfranchisement of the Black population.
Starting in 174 Chapter 4 earnest in 1890, Southern states
began enacting a variety of measures to keep African Americans
from voting. These included residency requirements, literacy
tests, and poll taxes requiring people to pay a fee for the
right to vote. As a result of these and other restrictions and
of the racist terror that continued to threaten those Blacks who
attempted to exercise their franchise, Black electoral
participation dropped precipitously in the South. By 1910 only
four percent of all Black men in Georgia had registered to vote,
whereas for the South in general less than ten percent of
eligible African Americans routinely came out for elections. The
right to vote had once again become the white to vote, and the
effective elimination of the Black franchise and Black political
power illustrated the racialized nature of democracy. Since the
overwhelming majority of African Americans lived in the South,
their disenfranchisement essentially limited voting to whites in
general. The Civil War and Reconstruction thus ended in a
ringing reaffirmation of white supremacy and white freedom.128
>
> On January 29, 1901, congressman George Henry White of North
Carolina gave his final speech in the US House of
Representatives. The last of the Black politicians elected
during Reconstruction, Representative White had lost his battle
for reelection thanks to the disenfranchisement of most of his
African American constituents. In the speech that marked the
end of Black freedom in America, congressman White declared:
>
> Now, Mr. Chairman, before concluding my remarks I want to
submit a brief recipe for the solution of the so-called
American negro problem. He asks no special favors, but simply
demands that he be given the same chance for existence, for
earning a livelihood, for raising himself in the scales of
manhood and womanhood that are accorded to kindred
nationalities. . . . This, Mr. Chairman, is perhaps the negroes’
temporary farewell to the American Congress; but let me say,
Phoenix-like he will rise up some day and come again. These
parting words are in behalf of an outraged, heart-broken,
bruised, and bleeding, but God fearing people, faithful,
industrious, loyal people—rising people, full of potential
force.129 Empire, Racial Citizenship, and Liberal Democracy 175
The implementation of Jim Crow throughout the South by the dawn
of the twentieth century underscored the durability of slavery
and the racial nature of liberty in America as a whole. The
defeat of the greatest challenge to white freedom in the
nation’s history would play a key role in shaping the character
of American democracy in the modern era.
--- End Quote ---
Source :
White Freedom The Racial History of an Idea Tyler Edward Stovall
2021 Princeton University Press page 187, 188, 189, 190
Conclusion :
Anti-Discrimination means individual quality, not democracy and
individual rights. Liberalism did not end discrimination
#Post#: 24203--------------------------------------------------
Re: True Left breakthrough: anti-democracy
DIR By: antihellenistic
Date: November 29, 2023, 2:26 am
---------------------------------------------------------
--- Quote ---
> More generally, World War II did mark some important
achievements in America’s struggle for racial equality. For
example, Franklin D. Roosevelt became the first president in
American history to denounce lynching as a crime. During the
1940 presidential campaign Roosevelt’s Republican opponent
Wendell Willkie ran on a civil rights platform, pledging to
integrate the armed forces and the federal government if
elected. After Black labor leader A. Philip Randolph threatened
a massive march on Washington to protest segregation in the
defense industry, in June 1941 Roosevelt issued Executive Order
8802 banning racial discrimination in war plants and creating
the Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) to enforce
it.174 Although the FEPC had little power, the prospect of a
federal agency actually devoted to fighting racial
discrimination had great symbolic weight and did help Blacks and
other minorities gain access to jobs in the burgeoning war
industry.
--- End Quote ---
Source :
White Freedom The Racial History of an Idea Tyler Edward Stovall
2021 Princeton University Press page 252
Anti-discrimination means anti-liberal and oppose democratic
system
#Post#: 25689--------------------------------------------------
Re: American Slave Insurrections
DIR By: antihellenistic
Date: March 28, 2024, 10:36 am
---------------------------------------------------------
Historical Voter Suppression by the "Whites"
--- Quote ---
> On April 15, 1865, John Wilkes Booth assassinated Abraham
Lincoln, leaving Confederate sympathizer Andrew Johnson as
president. Johnson was a Southerner, a slaveowner, and a
Democrat who had been chosen for the vice presidency in the
hopes of stopping the South from seceding. As a former senator
of the Great State of Tennessee, Johnson repeatedly let his
Democrat friends know where he stood on the issue of freedmen:
“As for the Negro I am for setting him free but at the same
time, I assert that this is a white man’s government,”14 he said
in an 1864 speech, reiterating his earlier promises of “a free,
intelligent white constituency, instead of a negro
aristocracy”15 after the war. When Johnson ascended to the
presidency, his first course of action was to stop that
slaves-getting-land nonsense.
>
> As second in charge of the new Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen,
and Abandoned Lands, Brigadier General Saxton refused to comply
with Johnson’s orders, writing that “the faith of the Government
is solemnly pledged to these people who have been faithful to it
and we have no right now to dispossess them of their lands.”16
>
> Johnson fired him.
>
> As soon as he became president, Johnson pardoned every
Confederate traitor who was willing to swear their allegiance to
the United States and gave them back their land. And because
Sherman’s order was only legal under the War Powers Act, as
commander in chief, Johnson simply rescinded it. On March 7,
1866, the Charleston office of the bureau informed Charleston’s
white plantation owners who had been dispossessed of their real
estate after becoming official traitors to their country that
they could return to their plantations as long as they shared
with the former slaves, issuing General Order No. 9:
>
> 1. The former owners of land upon the Sea Islands . . . will
be permitted to return and occupy their lands, or a portion of
them, subject to the terms and conditions hereinafter specified.
>
> 2. Neither owners of lands nor freed people will be allowed to
make use of threats against each other or the authorities of the
United States . . . or to do anything to disturb peace on said
Islands; but all disputes will be referred to Major Cornelius
for adjudication.
>
> 3. Grants of land made to the freed people in good faith, by
proper authority, or occupied by them . . . will be held as good
and valid, until changed or modified by competent authority. But
Major Cornelius may set apart and consolidate them contiguous to
each other, on one portion of the plantation . . . in such
manner as to give the freed people a part possessing average
fertility and other advantages.17
>
> In July 1866, Congress agreed to reauthorize the Freedmen’s
Bureau while stipulating that all the confiscated lands would be
returned to the original owners. For nearly two years, Black
people in South Carolina’s Lowcountry actually owned the land on
which they had been enslaved. On James Island, America’s slave
capital, most of the land had been redistributed to the former
slaves before it was taken away. But now these freedmen were
surrounded by angry Confederates whose land had been taken by
Black repo men. And in those two years, they had all tasted
Black power.
>
>
> ...
>
>
> Building things is hard. Destroying things is easy. After
America began to witness what Black people could do if they were
simply left alone, the reshapers of their own destiny became the
target of disgruntled ex-Confederates who regarded the sharing
of power as a collective affront to the white race. For them,
power was a zero-sum game. White America’s continued existence
depended on the eradication of Black power, and so the
destruction began. On July 30, 1866, angered by newly issued
provisions that disenfranchised Black voters, a group of
freedmen, including hundreds of Black veterans, gathered on the
steps of the Mechanics Institute in New Orleans to protest
during the Louisiana state constitutional convention.Expressing
their outrage in the Blackest way possible, they paraded to the
assembly with a marching band to show their displeasure with the
exclusionary laws that would become known as the “Black Codes.”
As they marched, a mob of white supremacists, policemen, and
ex-Confederates brutally attacked the demonstration, until the
marchers sought refuge inside the Mechanics Institute, where, as
Ron Chernow explained in Grant,
>
> The whites stomped, kicked, and clubbed the black marchers
mercilessly. Policemen smashed the institute’s windows and fired
into it indiscriminately until the floor grew slick with blood.
They emptied their revolvers on the convention delegates, who
desperately sought to escape. Some leaped from windows and were
shot dead when they landed. Those lying wounded on the ground
were stabbed repeatedly, their skulls bashed in with brickbats.
The sadism was so wanton that men who kneeled and prayed for
mercy were killed instantly, while dead bodies were stabbed and
mutilated.23
>
> “The floor grew slick with blood.”
>
> I have never been able to rinse that phrase from my mind. The
carnivorous reaction to Black people existing is a theme that
runs throughout American history. As early as 1865, the military
commanders and workers with the Freedmen’s Bureau began
receiving regular reports of “murders and outrages” committed by
whites against freedmen. In the Abbeville district of South
Carolina, a “desperate and ruffianly character by the name of
Reuben Goldberg . . . deliberately, and without provocation, as
plenty can testify, shot a Negro by the name of A. Payton, who
always bore a good character in this neighborhood and has always
been free.”24 Reformer Benjamin Randolph was allegedly murdered
in cold blood by a Klansman. Confederate officer D. Wyatt Aiken,
a Klan leader, had called for Randolph’s assassination,
according to Freedmen’s Bureau officials.25 Aiken was arrested,
released two days later, and never faced trial. When they heard
about his crime, South Carolina’s white community elected him to
serve five terms in Congress.
>
> While many historians describe Reconstruction as a period of
“racial unrest” marked by lynchings and “race riots,” it was
undoubtedly a war. There were soldiers who wore uniforms, took
oaths, and volunteered their service to organized, armed units.
They had a common enemy and a plan to take them out. The network
of terror cells that sprang up during Reconstruction went by
many names, including the White League, the White Knights, the
Knights of the White Camellia, and—the most famous of all—the
“Circle of Brothers,” otherwise known as the Ku Klux Klan. It
was insurrection, ethnic cleansing, and terrorism with a little
bit of guerrilla warfare mixed in for good measure. To enforce
their goals, the loose confederation of historically white
fraternities all had one common strategy: killing as many Black
people as possible and overthrowing the government that had
enabled their freedom.
>
> In the 1868 election, Black citizens exercised their new right
to vote and overwhelmingly supported Republican candidate
Ulysses S. Grant. In Eutaw, Alabama, Black voters catapulted
Grant to a two-thousand-vote margin in the county. Days before
the 1870 midterm election, fearing the power of Black voters,
Klansmen opened fire at a rally of twenty-eight hundred Black
people, killing at least four and causing hundreds to stay home
on election day. The Democratic gubernatorial candidate won the
county by forty-three votes.
>
> Ku Klux Klan members in North Carolina assassinated a state
senator, murdered a Black town commissioner, and lynched so many
Black voters in 1870 that Governor William Woods Holden declared
an insurrection, suspended habeas corpus (the right against
unlawful detention), and imposed martial law. But none of the
more than a hundred terrorists arrested in what would become
known as the “Kirk-Holden War” was ever charged with a crime.
Holden, however, was removed from office when Democrats gained
control of the state legislature after African American voters
were forced to choose between voting and their lives.
>
> Many of the reports of these atrocities came directly from the
Freedmen’s Bureau. Even before the war’s official end, bureau
officers detailed “outrages,” warning that white people were
getting a little out of control. In describing a “freed boy” who
was “dragged about three miles with a rope around his neck,”
residents of Caldwell Parish in Louisiana were told by the
sheriff that if they signed a warrant, they would be “met by 50
armed men and killed.” The bureau report ended by noting that
“many colored people have been and are being killed in Parish on
a/c of political opinions.”26 In Laurens, South Carolina, “ten
or twelve persons” were slaughtered the day after the 1870 state
elections. A congressional committee investigating Klan violence
heard accounts of whites and Black ballot-casters being “waited
upon” by a white supremacist mob.
>
> On Easter Sunday in 1873, the Knights of the White Camellia,
Klansmen, and Confederate sympathizers opened fire on Black
voters in Colfax, Louisiana, burned the victims’ bodies, and
threw the corpses in a nearby river. No one knows how many
people were murdered during this incident, but a military report
lists eighty-one Black men; another fifteen to twenty bodies
were fished out of the Red River, and another eighteen were
secretly buried. “The bloodiest single instance of racial
carnage in the Reconstruction era, the Colfax massacre taught
many lessons,” writes historian Eric Foner. “Including the
lengths to which some opponents of Reconstruction would go to
regain their accustomed authority.”27
>
> The white supremacist terrorism was not confined to violence.
Almost every single state of the former Confederacy had begun
enshrining Black Codes in their state constitutions in attempts
to preserve the social and economic order that existed prior to
emancipation. In South Carolina, farmworkers were required to
work from “sun-rise to sun-set,” and were mandated by law to
refer to their supervisors as “master.” The rules undermined the
labor contracts instituted by the Freedmen’s Bureau, and went as
far as to forbid any person of color from learning a new trade,
declaring, “No person of color shall pursue or practice the art,
trade or business of an artisan, mechanic or shop-keeper, or any
other trade, employment or business on his own account and for
his own benefit, or in partnership with a white person, or as
agent or servant of any persons, until he shall have obtained a
license therefore from the Judge of the District Court.”28 Even
worse, nine states passed or updated their vagrancy laws,
essentially redefining “vagrancy” as “existing.” In Mississippi,
a Black person was breaking the law if he or she was “found
unlawfully assembling themselves together either in the day or
nighttime.”29 Kentucky filled up its jails by banning “rambling
without a job” or “keeping a disorderly house.” Tennessee laws
withheld education from Black children by forcing them to work
for free as “apprentices” under their former slavemasters.
>
> Most often, whites used a combination of violence and
technicalities to reclaim political and social status. In the
1866 election, when Georgia’s Black voters elected three Black
state senators and thirty state representatives, deemed the
“Original 33,” white supremacists flocked to the Peach State to
expel the lawmakers under the new Black Codes. When the
legislators challenged the laws in White v. Clements, the
Georgia Supreme Court ruled, “After the most careful examination
of this question, I am clearly of the opinion, that there is no
existing law of this State which confers the right upon the
colored citizens thereof to hold office, and consequently, that
the defendant has no legal right to hold and exercise the duties
of the office which he claims under her authority.” For its
violence and discrimination against Black people, Georgia was
placed under military rule again in 1869.
>
> Perhaps the most interesting part about the white supremacist
tactics is that, in the long run, they still were unable to
defeat the Black majority without cheating. Heading into the
1876 elections, in counties across South Carolina, white
supremacist mobs threatened Black voters to vote for Democratic
gubernatorial candidate Wade Hampton over Republican governor
Daniel Chamberlain. In September 1876, a paramilitary group of
five hundred white supremacists murdered about one hundred Black
people in Aiken County, after threatening them that “their only
safety from death or whipping lies in signing an agreement
pledging to vote the democratic ticket at the coming
election.”30 The Republican votes there somehow disappeared, but
the Democratic votes quadrupled. In Edgefield, the vote total
exceeded the voting-age population by more than two thousand.31
The elections board threw out the suspicious counties’ vote
totals, which were upheld by a federal court. The Republican
presidential candidate won South Carolina, as did the Republican
governor.
>
> Events in Louisiana and Florida had played out similarly as
they had in South Carolina, with voter intimidation and
suspicious vote totals throughout the state. In 1877, fifteen
white men—five U.S. senators, five representatives, and five
Supreme Court justices*—gathered in a Washington, D.C., room and
decided to give the disputed electoral votes to Rutherford B.
Hayes, the Republican candidate supported by Black voters,
essentially making him the president. In exchange, the
whites-only room also agreed to a plan that included three
notable provisions:
>
> REMOVAL OF TROOPS FROM THE CONFEDERATE STATES: In many places
> in the South, especially Louisiana and South Carolina, the
military
> presence was the only thing protecting Black freedmen from
white
> supremacist violence.
>
> FUNDS TO INDUSTRIALIZE THE SOUTH AND RESTORE ITS ECONOMY:
> While this never really happened, it was clearly a nod to the
white
> supremacists who couldn’t compete with the Black laborers.
>
> THE RIGHT TO HANDLE BLACK PEOPLE AS THEY WISHED: The federal
> government agreed to essentially disregard the Constitution’s
equal
> protection clause.
>
> The “right to handle Black people as they wish” became known
as Jim Crow. Across the country—not just in the South—states
passed segregation laws and disenfranchised Black people en
masse. The Compromise of 1877 was the definition of white
supremacy: Black voters had given Hayes the presidency, and in
exchange, he and his white co-conspirators chose white supremacy
over equality.
>
> But there were some things they could not undo. By 1900, 42.8
percent of Charleston County’s Black residents owned land and
produced most of the cotton.32 Historically Black colleges
thrived, civic organizations flourished, and the religious
institutions remained. The foundation created during this period
of Black construction would form the framework for every
movement for Black liberation going forward. What Black people
created in the light of freedom could only be undone by trickery
and evil. But that is not the lesson of Reconstruction.
>
> Every single stereotype that remains about Black America was
disproven after the Civil War. We were smarter. We worked
harder. We were not the violent ones.
>
> The criminal enterprise called America is nothing but a
self-perpetuating white supremacy machine. The only parts that
are good and decent are the ones we shined with our spit.
Everyone who calls themselves a citizen is a by-product of our
determination to free ourselves. Due process exists because of
us. The Founders only said, “All men are created equal”; we, the
ones who made this country, prove it.
>
> Still, that is also not the lesson of Reconstruction.
--- End Quote ---
Source :
Black AF History: The Un-Whitewashed Story of America page 179,
180, 181, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189
#Post#: 26137--------------------------------------------------
Re: Leftist vs rightist moral circles
DIR By: antihellenistic
Date: April 26, 2024, 9:21 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
Leftism means retribution, not progress
Bonus story : History on Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal
Discriminative Economic Program
--- Quote ---
> My father told me that he’s tired of hearing about slavery
because it happened a long time ago and he had nothing to do
with it. Plus, it was legal. How can you ask for redecoration
for something that wasn’t a crime?
>
> It’s reparations, RB. And your father is right. But just
because enslaving and stealing labor from Black people was
perfectly legal prior to 1868, America should not get to ignore
the calls for issuing dividends to the descendants of the people
who supplied this nation with 246 years of unpaid labor.
However, there is a more compelling argument that may be more
irrefutable. Namely, that slavery was just one small part of a
loan that Black people invested into America for which we never
reaped the dividends or the principal. At the center of this
argument is how this country became and remained an economic
superpower due in large part to the contributions of Black
America’s sweat equity and actual funds.
>
> But a lot of white people didn’t own slaves! So how is this
their fault?
>
> Again, that’s true. Seventy-five percent of white families
didn’t own slaves and 1 percent owned forty or more.1 But all
those people stil participated in the institution of slavery and
benefited from the theft of labor, from the shipbuilders to the
textile industry, the international traders to the national
defense. This free labor propped up the entire national economy.
But that was only a drop in the bucket when it comes to
estimating what America owes Black people in reparations. If the
Fourteenth Amendment was meant to function as a reset button to
offer the American dream to the millions of Black hostages whose
involuntary sweat equity built this country into a superpower,
then the time since July 9, 1868, can only be described as a
period of illegal theft.
>
> According to the Brookings Institution, in 2016, the typical
white family’s net wealth was $171,000, while the net wealth of
a typical Black family was $17,150.2 The reason for this
staggering wealth disparity is not just due to slavery, Jim
Crow, or even America’s unique form of racism. Since the moment
the Fourteenth Amendment was ratified, America has been engaged
in a Robin Hood–like heist. But instead of taking from the rich
and giving to the poor, the United States has circumvented the
Fourteenth Amendment by stealing Black America’s wealth and
giving it to white people. Every white person in America—rich or
poor, liberal or conservative, Democrat or Republican—has
benefited from stolen goods that were hijacked from Black
America.
>
> Wait, are you saying all the white people back then were
thieves? My mom would never steal!
>
> Yes, all white people. To illustrate what I’m saying, let me
tell you a story about where I’m from.
>
> In 1948, when only sixteen states in America had outlawed
segregated public schools, Black students in the tiny hamlet of
Summerton, South Carolina, where three out of every four
residents were Black, finally got tired of being robbed by white
people.3
>
> Every day, these young Summertonians maneuvered through one
obstacle course after another, only to be rewarded with an
inferior education. If the children were lucky, they walked as
far as nine miles to attend one of the segregated schools in
Clarendon County’s District 22. On other days, rain would force
students as young as six years old to wade across a stream to
attend school. Often, when the water was particularly high,
someone would provide a raft to row their way across the Lake
Marion reservoir.
>
> When they arrived at school, they would have to collect wood
for their unheated classrooms . . . if they arrived. Sometimes a
student would just drown on the way.
>
> This may sound like a rough life for impoverished rural
students, but Summerton was not a poor town. The vast majority
of Summerton’s Black citizens were employed. Many owned
businesses or worked at well-paying jobs in local factories.
Their employers withheld federal, state, and local taxes from
their paychecks just like their white counterparts. Summerton’s
Black residents were not exempt from paying property taxes,
sales taxes, or any other assessment their government deemed
necessary. Naturally, Black parents were outraged when they
discovered the white children didn’t have to make the same daily
trek as their children because the district had purchased thirty
buses to chauffeur them to school. Incensed, a group of parents
begged school board chairman Roderick W. Elliott for just one
bus, to serve the county’s Black students.
>
> He said no.
>
> So, Harry and Eliza Briggs, along with nineteen other Black
families, contacted the NAACP and eventually filed Briggs v.
Elliott, the first of five cases that would later be combined
and become known as Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. But
even before their case dismantled the Supreme Court’s “separate
but equal” precedent, the parents of District 22 fully
understood why their children lived this precariously
treacherous existence: white people in the district were
stealing their money.
>
> The white Summertonians who rode on school buses bought, in
part, with the taxes paid by Black residents whose children
crossed a river of racism are a perfect example of this theft.
Those white children arrived at school well rested and ready to
learn, while their Black counterparts endured inequities laid
out in the initial Briggs v. Elliott complaint, including
unhealthy and inadequate facilities, an insufficient number of
teachers and classroom space, and inadequate resources.
>
> The Black parents were disproportionately paying for white
students’ beautiful new schools and the comfort in which they
engaged in learning. And this phenomenon wasn’t unique to
Summerton. Even though South Carolina was 40 percent Black in
1948, statewide, Black schools were valued at $12.9 million
while white schools were worth $68.4 million.4 If those white
students succeeded in their resource-filled schools, they could
go on to one of more than a dozen public institutions of higher
learning in South Carolina.
>
> However, if the Black graduates wanted to attend a state
college, because of state segregation laws there was only one
choice—South Carolina State College, the only four-year public
Black college in the state. This detail wouldn’t matter as much
except for three important facts about the taxpayers whose money
actually funded South Carolina’s whites-only state postsecondary
schools and the one publicly funded Black college, post
emancipation:
>
> South Carolina taxpayers paid for seven whites-only colleges.
>
> South Carolina taxpayers paid for zero Black colleges. (South
Carolina State College was a land-grant college, which meant it
was founded with federal money after the Civil War.)
>
> The majority of South Carolina taxpayers were Black.
(According to U.S. census workers, most of the school-age
population, taxpayers, and wage earners in the Palmetto State
were Black.)
>
> Every Black person in South Carolina was being robbed, and
every white person in South Carolina benefited from it.
>
> Okay, I can kinda see your point, but my dad didn’t even go to
college. He can’t even help me with my homework!
>
> I’m sorry about that, RB. But the theft of Black wealth wasn’t
just limited to education. Four years before Summerton’s Black
parents filed suit against their children’s school district,
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the Servicemen’s
Readjustment Act of 1944. Commonly known as the G.I. Bill, the
law offered government-guaranteed home loans and paid tuition
costs for World War II veterans . . . unless you were Black.
>
> In the book When Affirmative Action Was White, Ira Katznelson
notes that of the sixty-seven thousand mortgages approved under
the G.I. Bill in New York and northern New Jersey suburbs, fewer
than a hundred of the homebuying veterans were not white. A
banker in Corpus Christi, Texas, reportedly explicitly told one
Black veteran, “It is almost impossible for a colored man to get
a loan.”
>
> When it came to college loans, even colleges in the North
rejected Black veterans, and because historically Black colleges
and universities were packed to the gills with students who
couldn’t attend white schools in the South, in 1946, only 20
percent of the former Black soldiers who applied for education
benefits had enrolled in college, according to Hilary Herbold in
“Never a Level Playing Field: Blacks and the GI Bill.” “Though
Congress granted all soldiers the same benefits theoretically,”
writes Herbold, “the segregationist principles of almost every
institution of higher learning effectively disbarred a huge
proportion of Black veterans from earning a college degree.” And
many of the G.I. Bill’s home loan denials were based on a
government policy that may be the most important contributor to
the racial wealth gap: redlining.
>
> Wait . . . Even when my dad tries to help me with my math
homework, my teacher marks a lot of the answers with a red line.
Are you saying my teacher is racist?
>
> No, that’s a different kind of redlining, my future fascist.
You’re talking about dumblining.
>
> For most of America’s history, metropolitan neighborhoods were
organically configured, primarily by economics. Rich people
lived in rich neighborhoods, and poor people lived in places
that smelled a little bit like garlic. Even Irish, Jewish, and
Italian enclaves, while ethnically homogeneous, were
characterized by residents of similar socioeconomic standing.
Poor Irish lived alongside poor Irish. Middle-class Italians
lived with other middle-class Italians. Not only did these
groups have the chance to advance economically, but they were
also afforded the opportunity to achieve whiteness. And with
that assimilation came integration.
>
> In the mid-1930s, the federal government sponsored the New
Deal, which created huge economic programs to lift America out
of the Great Depression. The government mechanized farms, funded
businesses, built suburbs, gave out jobs to any able-bodied
American, and created a national minimum wage. The new Social
Security Administration (SSA) gave people financial security in
their old age. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) gave
people jobs. Most important, the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation
(HOLC) refinanced mortgages at low interest rates to prevent
foreclosures.
>
> New Deal legislation was a massive investment in America’s
future, and although it was costly, it helped reduce poverty and
charted a path out of the Great Depression. More than any other
group of legislation in American history, the jobs, social
programs, and guaranteed loans created by the New Deal are
responsible for building what we now call the “middle class.”
There was only one problem: Black people were overwhelmingly
excluded from the most impactful parts of the New Deal.
>
> To ensure that these guaranteed mortgages were not risky, the
HOLC created color-coded “residential security maps” of 239
cities. The maps essentially highlighted the neighborhoods that
were good investments versus neighborhoods that were poor
investments. The “risky” neighborhoods were highlighted in red,
including every one of the 239 cities’ Black neighborhoods. In
fact, even upscale Black neighborhoods like LaVilla and Sugar
Hill in Jacksonville, Florida, visited by Duke Ellington, Ella
Fitzgerald, and Zora Neale Hurston, were deemed “too risky” by
the HOLC. And instead of solely using these maps for
government-backed home loans (which would have been racist in
and of itself), banks began using these maps for all home
purchases and refinancing. Because of this, as generations of
Americans lifted themselves out of poverty, Black people could
not take part in America’s primary driver of
wealth—homeownership.
>
> Redlining was outlawed in 1968 by the Fair Housing Act, but it
still affects almost every economic aspect of Black communities
to this day. Nearly every calculable effect of institutional
inequality can be traced back to this eighty-five-year-old
government policy. Redlining explains why researchers at the
Brookings Institution found that homes in neighborhoods where
the population is majority Black are valued, on average, $48,000
less than homes in white neighborhoods. The result is a $156
billion cumulative loss in Black-owned property values, even
when the white neighborhoods have the same amenities, crime
rates, and resources as the Black neighborhoods.5
>
> About 36 percent of education funding comes from local
property taxes, the “single largest source of local revenue for
schools in the United States.” These lower home values,6 which
are the direct result of redlining, mean that schools in Black
neighborhoods receive less funding. Therefore, redlining is why
Edbuild reports that majority-white school districts receive
$2,226 more per student than non-white districts: a theft of $23
billion.7
>
> Residents who live in formerly redlined areas pay higher
interest rates and are denied mortgages more often than whites
with the same credit and income, according to reporting by the
Center for Investigative Journalism. They also pay higher auto
insurance rates, pay more for fresh food, have less access to
medical care, pay higher interest rates on loans, receive more
parking violations, pay higher bail amounts, and wait longer to
vote. The white people who built their fortunes from
low-interest loans, cheap food, and high home values don’t pay
more taxes. Yet they are benefiting from current and past
policies that have taken money from Black taxpayers and handed
it over to whites.
>
> Doesn’t that sound like theft to you? At the very least, it’s
receiving stolen goods.
--- End Quote ---
Source :
Black AF History: The Un-Whitewashed Story of America page 303 -
309
*****************************************************
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