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#Post#: 12806--------------------------------------------------
Re: Russia, the Last Colonial Empire
DIR By: guest55
Date: April 13, 2022, 10:35 pm
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Trivia: Many Polish folk songs are in Lydian mode....
#Post#: 12899--------------------------------------------------
Re: Russia, the Last Colonial Empire
DIR By: rp
Date: April 19, 2022, 3:05 am
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Westernized "Asian" YouTuber makes video claiming that Russia
and China have no border disputes, and that China can't claim
Outer Manchuria because it is "ethnically and culturally
Russian/Jewish".:
HTML https://youtu.be/8fJ7FuQByjc
#Post#: 13558--------------------------------------------------
How Russia Became an Empire
DIR By: guest55
Date: May 22, 2022, 11:32 pm
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How Russia Became an Empire - Great Northern War DOCUMENTARY
--- Quote ---
> Kings and Generals animated historical animated documentary
series on the Early Modern history continues with a video on the
Great Northern War in which we will talk about the conflict in
which the Swedish king Charles XII attempted to win against an
alliance of Russia, Denmark, Prussia, Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth and the others. This conflict led to the rise of
the Russian empire under Peter I, the fall of the Swedish empire
and the destabilization of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
We will cover all the major battles of this conflict, including
Gedebusch, Gangut, Narva, Poltava, Kliszow, Fraustadt, Lesnaya
and many more.
--- End Quote ---
HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDCFxgHDncc
#Post#: 13645--------------------------------------------------
Why is the Russian army so brutal? | Military historian Antony
Beevor
DIR By: guest55
Date: May 25, 2022, 4:59 pm
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Why is the Russian army so brutal? | Military historian Antony
Beevor
--- Quote ---
> There seems no doubt that atrocities and war crimes have been
committed on a massive scale by Russian soldiers in Ukraine. Why
is the Russian army so brutal? We are joined by one of Britain's
foremost historians Anthony Beevor whose new book is “Russia:
Revolution and Civil War 1917-1921”
--- End Quote ---
HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UvhI_mS1zx8
#Post#: 13916--------------------------------------------------
Re: Russia, the Last Colonial Empire
DIR By: 90sRetroFan
Date: June 7, 2022, 7:52 pm
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HTML https://www.eurocanadians.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/985bbeaceb4aed30.jpg
#Post#: 15079--------------------------------------------------
Re: Russia, the Last Colonial Empire
DIR By: 90sRetroFan
Date: August 10, 2022, 9:12 pm
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Continuing from:
HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/true-left-vs-false-left/war/msg15051/#msg15051
--- Quote ---
>
HTML https://images.chinahighlights.com/allpicture/2021/11/fa706736f71647e980a59460.jpg
--- End Quote ---
besides Outer Manchuria being directly stolen by Russia, who was
really behind the breakaway of Mongolia? Answer:
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1921
--- Quote ---
> Although nominally independent, the Mongolian People's
Republic was a satellite state of the Soviet Union until a third
Mongolian revolution in January 1990.
> ...
> Early in 1919, Grigori Semyonov, a White Guard general, had
assembled a group of Buryats and Inner Mongols in Siberia for
the formation of a pan-Mongolian state. The Khalkhas were
invited to join, but they refused. Semyonov threatened an
invasion to force them to participate. This threat galvanized
the lay princes, who now saw a larger opportunity: the end of
theocratic rule. In August, the Mongolian Foreign Minister
approached Chen Yi with a message from the "representatives of
the four aimags" (i.e., the Khalkhas) with a request for
military assistance against Semyonov. More importantly, perhaps,
it contained a declaration that the Khalkhas were unanimous in
their desire to abolish autonomy and restore the previous Qing
system.
> ...
> Russian expatriates in Urga had elected a revolutionary
"Municipal Duma", headed by Bolshevik sympathisers, which had
learned of the Consular Hill group. In early March 1920, the
Duma was sending one of its members, I. Sorokovikov, to Irkutsk.
It decided that he should also take a report with him about
these Mongolians. Sorokovikov met with representatives of the
two groups. On his return to Urga in June, he met with them
again, promising that the Soviet government would provide
"assistance of all kinds" to the Mongolian "workers". He invited
them to send representatives to Russia for further
discussions.[20]
>
> A new sense of purposefulness now animated both groups. They
had maintained a wary distance from one another, perhaps because
of their different agendas—the Consular Hill group espousing a
rather progressive social program while the East Urga group was
more nationalistic in its goals—and there had been little
cooperation between the two. The Soviet invitation changed that.
The two groups met on 25 June, and formed the "Mongolian
People's Party" (renamed later the Mongolian People's
Revolutionary Party), adopted a "Party Oath", and agreed to send
Danzan and Choibalsan as delegates to Russia.[21]
>
> Danzan and Choibalsan arrived in Verkhneudinsk, the capital of
the pro-Soviet Far Eastern Republic, in the first part of July.
They met with Boris Shumyatsky, then acting head of the
government. Shumyatsky knew little about them, and for three
weeks dodged their demands for a speedy Soviet decision whether
or not to provide military assistance to the Mongolians against
the Chinese. Finally, perhaps at Shumyatsky's suggestion, they
sent a telegram to members of the MPP in Urga with a coded
message that they should obtain a letter, stamped with the seal
of the Bogd Khan, formally requesting Soviet assistance.
> ...
> After several meetings with Soviet authorities in Omsk, the
Mongolian delegation was told that such an important matter
could be decided only in Moscow. Danzan and his compatriots left
for Moscow, arriving in about mid-September. For over a month
they met frequently but inconclusively with Soviet and Comintern
officials.
>
> A White Guard invasion of Mongolia under Baron Roman von
Ungern-Sternberg, however, forced the Soviet government into
action. In late October to early November 1920, around 1,000
troops under his command had laid siege to the Chinese garrison
in Urga numbered about 7,000.
> ...
> The Chinese garrison in Urga, however, successfully repulsed
von Ungern-Sternberg's attack. This altered the Soviet strategy.
The army of the Far Eastern Republic was already exhausted. Only
the Fifth Army of the Reds was left on the eastern front, and
already by late 1920 many of its more experienced units had
either been demobilized, or sent west to fight in Poland, or
assigned to the labor front, where they were needed to repair
the badly damaged Siberian economy.[27] Thus, when the Chinese
repulsed von Ungern-Sternberg, the Soviets on 28 November
withdrew their order for an invasion.[28]
>
> However, von Ungern-Sternberg launched a second attack in
early February 1921. This time he was successful. Chinese
soldiers and civilians fled the city in panic. With the fall of
Urga, the Chinese administrations and military garrisons at
Uliastai and Khovd departed quickly for Xinjiang. The Bogd Khan
was restored as Mongolian monarch by von Ungern-Sternberg. The
Bogd Khan and his government were also restored, and a solemn
ceremony held on 22 February.
> ...
> News of von Ungern-Sternberg's seizure of Urga again
influenced Soviet plans. A plenary session of the Comintern in
Irkutsk on February 10 passed a formal resolution to aid the
"struggle of the Mongolian people for liberation and
independence with money, guns and military instructors".[29]
With Soviet support, the MPP was now a serious contender for
power. The Party, hitherto rather amorphous and loosely
connected, required better organisational and ideological
definition. A party conference (subsequently regarded as the
first congress of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party)
met secretly on 1–3 March at Kyakhta. The first session was
attended by 17 persons, the second by 26. The Party approved the
creation of an army command staff headed by Sükhbaatar with two
Russian advisors, elected a central committee chaired by Danzan
with one representative from the Comintern, and adopted a party
manifesto composed by the progressive Buryat Jamsrangiin
Tseveen.[30] On 13 March, a provisional government of seven men
was formed, soon to be headed by Bodoo. On 18 March, the
Mongolian guerrilla army, its ranks now enlarged to 400 through
recruitment and conscription, seized the Chinese garrison at
Kyakhta Maimaicheng (the Chinese portion of Kyakhta). A new
confidence now animated the Party. It issued a proclamation
announcing the formation of the government, the expulsion of the
Chinese, and the promise to convene a congress of
"representatives of the masses" to elect a permanent
government.[31]
--- End Quote ---
About ultra-Turanist von Ungern-Sternberg:
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_von_Ungern-Sternberg
--- Quote ---
> He also had Hungarian roots and claimed descent from Batu
Khan, Genghis Khan's grandson, which played a role in his dream
of reviving the Mongol Empire.[4]
> ...
> As a boy, Ungern-Sternberg was noted for being such a
ferocious bully that even the other bullies feared him and
several parents forbade their children from playing with him as
he was a "terror".[7] Ungern was well known for his love of
torturing animals, and at the age of 12 he tried to strangle to
death his cousin's pet owl for no particularly good reason other
than his cruelty towards animals.[7]
> ...
> Ungern-Sternberg believed that return to monarchies in Europe
was possible with the aid of "cavalry people" – meaning Russian
Cossacks, Buryats, Tatars, Mongols, Kyrgyz, Kalmyks, etc.[10]
> ...
> In 1905, he left the school to join the fighting in eastern
Russia during the Russo-Japanese War, but it is unclear whether
he participated in operations against the Japanese or if all
military operations had ceased before his arrival in
Manchuria,[13] although he was awarded the Russo-Japanese War
Medal in 1913.[14]
> ...
> There is a widespread view that he was viewed by Mongols as
the incarnation of the "God of War" (the figure of Jamsaran in
Tibetan and Mongol folklore). Although many Mongols may have
believed him to be a deity or at the very least a re-incarnation
of Genghis Khan, Ungern was never officially proclaimed to be
any of those incarnations.[20]
>
> After graduating, he served as an officer in eastern Siberia
in the 1st Argunsky and then in the 1st Amursky Cossack
regiments, where he became enthralled with the lifestyle of
nomadic peoples, such as the Mongols and Buryats.
> ...
> Ungern was an excellent horseman, who earned the respect of
the Mongols and the Buryats because of his skill at riding and
fighting from a horse and for being equally adept at using both
a gun and his sword.[25]
--- End Quote ---
#Post#: 15214--------------------------------------------------
Re: Russia, the Last Colonial Empire
DIR By: guest78
Date: August 19, 2022, 1:43 am
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The World's Last Colonial Empire: Collapse or Survival?
--- Quote ---
> Is Russian society ready to make the full sacrifice for the
country's superpower? Or, is it however exactly the opposite?
--- End Quote ---
HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5p--KQ0ly0
Another excellent video from the Good Times Bad Times channel.
#Post#: 15778--------------------------------------------------
Re: Russia, the Last Colonial Empire
DIR By: 90sRetroFan
Date: September 23, 2022, 3:23 am
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A useful summary:
HTML https://chinapower.csis.org/china-russia-relationship-weaknesses-mistrust/
--- Quote ---
> In the 19th century, the Russian Empire was party to many of
the “unequal treaties” that compelled China to hand over
territory, money, and other spoils to European powers. The 1858
Treaty of Aigun and 1860 Treaty of Peking were particularly
harsh, forcing China to forfeit approximately 1 million square
kilometers (km) of territory to the Russian Empire.
>
> Treaty of Kulja (1851)
areas in Xinjiang.
> Treaty of Aigun (1858)
kilometers of land to Russia.
> Treaty of Tientsin (1858)
with treaty ports by sea, as well as expanded
extraterritoriality in treaty ports. Russia also established a
legation in Beijing.
> Treaty of Peking (1860)
northeastern territory to Russia.
> Treaty of St. Petersburg (1881)
silver rubles. Russia expanded its consular network in Western
China and Russian traders were allowed duty-free trade in
Xinjiang and Mongolia.
> Li-Lobanov Treaty (1896)
Chinese ports. Russia was permitted to build a railway through
Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces and station troops to protect
it. China reduced tariff rates on Russian goods.
> Convention for the Lease of the Liaotung Peninsula
(1898)
day Dalian) and Russian railways were permitted to extend to the
port.
> Boxer Protocol (1900)
taels of silver to 8 powers, with the lion’s share (29 percent)
going to Russia.
> Sino-Soviet Border Conflicts (1968-1969)
engaged in multiple border skirmishes, including at Zhenbao
Island, where 72 were killed and 68 wounded on the Chinese side.
--- End Quote ---
NEVER FORGIVE. NEVER FORGET.
#Post#: 16086--------------------------------------------------
Re: Russia, the Last Colonial Empire
DIR By: 90sRetroFan
Date: October 17, 2022, 2:46 am
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Today let's look at:
HTML https://newlinesinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/20201217-Caucasus-4-AreasTakenFromPersiaByRussia-1-1024x736.png
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1722%E2%80%931723)
--- Quote ---
> The Russo-Persian War of 1722–1723, known in Russian
historiography as the Persian campaign of Peter the Great,[9]
was a war between the Russian Empire and Safavid Iran, triggered
by the tsar's attempt to expand Russian influence in the Caspian
and Caucasus regions and to prevent its rival, the Ottoman
Empire, from territorial gains in the region at the expense of
declining Safavid Iran.
>
> The Russian victory ratified for Safavid Iran's cession of
their territories in the North Caucasus, South Caucasus and
contemporary northern Iran to Russia, comprising the cities of
Derbent (southern Dagestan) and Baku and their nearby
surrounding lands, as well as the provinces of Gilan, Shirvan,
Mazandaran and Astarabad conform the Treaty of Saint Petersburg
(1723).[8]
--- End Quote ---
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint_Petersburg_(1723)
--- Quote ---
> The Treaty of Saint Petersburg of 23 September [O.S. 12
September] 1723[1][2] concluded the Russo-Persian War of
1722-1723 between Imperial Russia and Safavid Iran. It ratified
Iran's forced ceding of its territories in the North Caucasus,
South Caucasus, and contemporary mainland Northern Iran,
comprising Derbent (Dagestan), Baku, the respective surrounding
lands of Shirvan, as well as the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran,
and Astarabad.[3] The treaty further specified that the Iranian
king would receive Russian troops for domestic peacekeeping.[4]
>
> As the Cambridge History of Iran states;
>
> "On 23 September 1723, his ambassador in Saint Petersburg,
Ismail Beg, signed a humiliating treaty which stipulated that
the Tsar would accord the shah friendship and help against
rebels and would maintain the shah in tranquil possession of his
throne. In return the shah promised to permanently cede to
Russia: ... the towns of Darband (Derbent), Baku, with all the
territories belonging to them, as well as the provinces: Gilan,
Mazandaran, and Astarabad
--- End Quote ---
--- Quote ---
> Peter was determined to keep the newly conquered Iranian
territories in the Caucasus and northern mainland Iran. However,
he was concerned about their safety and thus ordered the
fortifications at Derbent and Holy Cross to be strengthened.[8]
He was determined to attach Gilan and Mazandaran to Russia.[8]
In May 1724, the Tsar wrote to Matiushkin, Russian commander in
Rasht, that he should invite "Armenians and other Christians, if
there are such, to Gilan and Mazandaran and settle them, while
Muslims should be very quietly, so that they would not know it,
diminished in number as much as possible."[8]
--- End Quote ---
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%931813)
--- Quote ---
> The 1804–1813 Russo-Persian War was one of the many wars
between the Persian Empire and Imperial Russia, and began like
many of their wars as a territorial dispute. The new Persian
king, Fath Ali Shah Qajar, wanted to consolidate the
northernmost reaches of his kingdom—modern-day Georgia—which had
been annexed by Tsar Paul I several years after the
Russo-Persian War of 1796. Like his Persian counterpart, the
Tsar Alexander I was also new to the throne and equally
determined to control the disputed territories.
>
> The war ended in 1813 with the Treaty of Gulistan which ceded
the previously disputed territory of Georgia to Imperial Russia,
and also the Iranian territories of Dagestan, most of what is
nowadays Azerbaijan, and minor parts of Armenia.
--- End Quote ---
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Gulistan
--- Quote ---
> The Treaty of Gulistan (Russian:
Гюлистанский
договор; Persian:
عهدنامه
گلستان) was a peace treaty
concluded between the Russian Empire and Iran on 24 October 1813
in the village of Gulistan (now in the Goranboy District of
Azerbaijan) as a result of the first full-scale Russo-Persian
War (1804 to 1813). The peace negotiations were precipitated by
the successful storming of Lankaran by General Pyotr
Kotlyarevsky on 1 January 1813. It was the first of the series
of treaties (the last being the Akhal Treaty) signed between
Qajar Iran and Imperial Russia that forced Persia to cede or
recognize Russian influence over the territories that formerly
were part of Iran.[1][2]
>
> The treaty confirmed the ceding and inclusion of what is now
Dagestan, eastern Georgia, most of the Republic of Azerbaijan
and parts of northern Armenia from Iran into the Russian Empire.
> ...
> Terms
>
> "Russia by this instrument was confirmed in possession of all
the khanates -- Karabagh, Ganja, Shekeen, Shirvan, Derbend,
Kouba, and Baku, together with part of Talish and the fortress
of Lenkoran. Persia further abandoned all pretensions to
Daghestan, Georgia, Mingrelia, Imeretia, and Abkhazia."[18]
> The lands include:
> All the cities, towns, and villages of Georgia, including all
the villages and towns on the coast of the Black Sea, such as:
> Megrelia,
> Abkhazia,
> Imeretia,
> Guria;
> Almost all cities, towns, and villages of the khanates in the
South Caucasus and partly North Caucasus:
> Baku khanate,
> Shirvan Khanate,
> Derbent Khanate,
> Karabakh khanate,
> Ganja khanate,
> Shaki Khanate,
> Quba Khanate,
> part of the Talysh Khanate;
> Iran loses all rights to navigate the Caspian Sea, and Russia
is granted exclusive rights to station its military fleet in the
Caspian Sea.
> ...
> Even today, Iran officially sees it and the later Treaty of
Turkmenchay as some of its most humiliating treaties ever
signed.
--- End Quote ---
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%931828)
--- Quote ---
> The war had even more disastrous results for Persia than the
1804-1813 war, as the ensuing Treaty of Turkmenchay stripped
Persia of its last remaining territories in the Caucasus, which
comprised all of modern Armenia, the southern remainder of
modern Azerbaijan, and modern Igdir in Turkey. Through the
Gulistan and Turkmenchay treaties Persia lost all of its
territories in the Caucasus to Russia. These territories had
once extended throughout most of Transcaucasia and part of the
North Caucasus.
>
> The war marked the end of the era of the Russo-Persian Wars,
with Russia now the unquestioned dominant power in the Caucasus.
Persia (Iran) was forced to cede swaths of territories that it
never regained. The conquered territories spent more than 160
years under Russian domination before establishing their
independence, except Dagestan, which is still a Russian
possession.
--- End Quote ---
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay
--- Quote ---
> The Treaty of Turkmenchay (Persian:
عهدنامه
ترکمنچای;
Russian:
Туркманчайский
договор) was an
agreement between Qajar Iran and the Russian Empire, which
concluded the Russo-Persian War (1826–28). It was second of the
series of treaties (the first was the 1813 Treaty of Gulistan
and the last, the 1881 Treaty of Akhal) signed between Qajar
Iran and Imperial Russia that forced Persia to cede or recognize
Russian influence over the territories that formerly were part
of Iran.[1][2]
> ...
> Similarly to the 1813 Treaty of Gulistan, the treaty was
imposed on Persia following a Russian military victory.
Paskievich threatened to occupy Tehran in five days unless the
treaty was signed.[4]
> ...
> Following this treaty, as well as the Treaty of Gulistan,
Russia had finished conquering all the Caucasus territories from
Qajar Iran what is now Dagestan, eastern Georgia, Azerbaijan,
and Armenia, all of which had formed part of its very concept
for centuries.[5] The areas north of the Aras River, such as the
territory of the contemporary nations of Georgia, Azerbaijan,
Armenia and the North Caucasian Republic of Dagestan, were
Iranian until they were occupied by Russia during the 19th
century.[6][7][8][9][10][11]
>
> Following the two treaties, the formerly Iranian territories
came under the Russian, and later the Soviet control for
approximately 180 years, and Dagestan remains a constituent
republic within the Russian Federation to this day. Comprising
most of the territory ceded in Gulistan and Turkmenchay
treaties, three separate nations would gain independence
following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991: Georgia,
Azerbaijan and Armenia.
--- End Quote ---
NEVER FORGIVE. NEVER FORGET.
The only good part:
--- Quote ---
> In the aftermath of the war and the signing of the treaty,
anti-Russian sentiment in Persia was rampant. On 11 February
1829, an angry mob stormed the Russian embassy in Tehran and
killed almost everyone inside. Among those killed in the
massacre was the newly-appointed ambassador to Persia,
Aleksander Griboyedov, a celebrated Russian playwright.
Griboyedov had played an active role in negotiating the terms of
the treaty.[21]
--- End Quote ---
#Post#: 16699--------------------------------------------------
The Forgotten US Invasion of Russia
DIR By: guest78
Date: November 26, 2022, 7:41 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
The Forgotten US Invasion of Russia
--- Quote ---
> Decades before the beginning of the Cold War, the relationship
between the US and the Soviet Government had already become
heated. President Reagan had forgot to mention - or had simply
forgotten - that American and Soviet troops had already engaged
in active combat on several occasions, from August 1918 to April
1920. This is the story of the almost forgotten American
invasion of Soviet Russia.
--- End Quote ---
HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OUv3dXD0T4
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