URI:
   DIR Return Create A Forum - Home
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       True Left
  HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       *****************************************************
   DIR Return to: Colonial Era
       *****************************************************
       #Post#: 1757--------------------------------------------------
       American Slave Insurrections
       By: 90sRetroFan Date: October 25, 2020, 1:15 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Another story of our heroism written by our enemies:
  HTML https://www.amren.com/features/2020/10/american-slave-insurrections/
       [quote]Records about antebellum slave insurrections are scarce.
       Whites generally suppressed reports of servile insurrection
       because they didn’t want to encourage other slaves, so many of
       the rebellions we know about were the ones too large to censor.
       Slaves tried to revolt hundreds of times in the antebellum
       period. The first settlement within the present-day United
       States had a slave revolt. San Miguel de Gualdape — established
       by Spaniards in what is now Georgia in 1526 — failed in just a
       few months, due to shipwreck, hunger, cold, disease, hostile
       Indians, and a slave rebellion.[ii]
       ...
       Blacks often tried to kill their masters,[v] and the preferred
       methods were arson and poison. Arson was so common that it
       raised insurance premiums. Entire towns could be lost to the
       torch.[vi] In the 1790s, prominent citizens of Charleston, South
       Carolina, organized a committee to ensure that brick or stone be
       used in building new buildings instead of wood, making them
       harder to burn. Servile arson also encouraged construction of
       fire-escapes, which became common in 19th-century Virginia.[vii]
       Newspaper reports from the time show poisoning was also common.
       In 1751, South Carolina ordered the death penalty for slaves who
       tried to poison whites, and the guilty would not receive benefit
       of clergy. The preamble to this legislation explained that it
       was necessary because the crime was attempted so often.
       ...
       Fugitives slaves, or maroons, also harassed whites. They formed
       loose bands and communities, and preyed on whites, plundering
       plantations and robbing travelers. Maroons “plagued every slave
       society in which mountains, swamps, or other terrain provided a
       hinterland into which slaves could flee.”
       Occasionally, maroons made alliances with American Indians; the
       Florida Seminole Wars are the best example.[xi] In 1823, maroons
       in Norfolk County, Virginia, killed several whites
       ...
       Insurrections could involve any number from a dozen to several
       thousand slaves. On most occasions, authorities discovered
       conspiracies and smashed them. When this failed, insurrections
       had one main purpose: to slaughter as many whites as possible.
       The most murderous insurrection killed nearly 60 whites.[xiv]
       Here are some of the most significant revolts.
       In 1712, a band of around two dozen slaves and Indians in New
       York City got hold of guns, swords, knives, and axes. Early one
       Sunday morning, one of the insurrectionists set fire to his
       master’s plantation while others hid in the dark as local whites
       arrived to douse the blaze. Blacks ambushed and killed at least
       nine.[xv]
       ...
       African-born slaves also led the 1739 insurrection near the
       Stono River in South Carolina.[xviii] The only eyewitness
       account of that event, the bloodiest insurrection in South
       Carolina, was that of Lieutenant-Governor Lawrence Bull.
       Returning to Charles Town from Granville County on horseback,
       Bull happened upon a band of 80 or so blacks, carrying guns and
       flags and chanting, “Liberty!” Bull rode off and notified the
       militia.
       The black leader was an illiterate slave named Jemmy (also known
       as Cato). The rebels decapitated their first two white victims,
       and displayed the heads on a staircase. The blacks then sacked
       several plantations, plundered liquor stores, and killed
       whites.[xix] By the time the insurrection was put down, slaves
       had razed a dozen plantations and killed and at least 25 white
       men, women, and children.[xx]
       ...
       In 1738, two different bands of slaves in the region escaped
       their plantations to head for what they hoped would be freedom
       in Spanish Florida. One of them, passing through Georgia,
       murdered several whites.[xxi]
       ...
       Gabriel Prosser marked the turn of the nineteenth century with a
       vast plot in Henrico County, Virginia. He was literate, willful,
       stood six feet two or three inches tall, and was considered by
       both blacks and whites as “a fellow of great courage and
       intellect above his rank in life.”[xxiii] In the spring of 1800,
       slaves in Virginia quietly made crude swords and bayonets, and
       hundreds of bullets. About one thousand — some mounted — armed
       with clubs, scythes, homemade swords and bayonets and a few
       guns, gathered six miles outside of Richmond. However, a
       downpour delayed their invasion of the city. Word got out about
       the insurrection, and Governor James Monroe of Virginia posted
       artillery and called up 650 militiamen. Before the slaves could
       attack, authorities arrested any they could identify.
       Governor Monroe interviewed Prosser, noting that “from what he
       said to me, he seemed to have made up his mind to die, and to
       have resolved to say but little on the subject of the
       conspiracy.” John Randolph, who saw several of the blacks in
       custody, wrote: “[The slaves] have exhibited a spirit, which, if
       it becomes general, must deluge the Southern country in blood.
       They manifested a sense of their rights, and contempt of danger,
       and a thirst for revenge which portend the most unhappy
       consequences.”
       Mississippi Territorial Governor W.C.C. Claiborne suggested that
       50,000 slaves may have been in on the plot; others estimated
       their numbers at between two and 10 thousand. Governor Monroe
       believed that the plot had reached Virginia’s entire slave
       population.[xxiv] The blacks had decided to spare all Frenchmen,
       Methodists, and Quakers whom they considered sympathetic to
       emancipation. They would kill all others, but show mercy to
       whites who agreed to emancipation — by only cutting off an
       arm.[xxv]
       In 1811, there was a large insurrection in Louisiana. It began
       when the ringleader, together with two dozen subordinates,
       hacked his master’s son to death as he slept.
       ...
       As many as 500 slaves, led by a free mulatto from Saint-Domingue
       and armed with axes, clubs, knives, and a few firearms, marched
       on New Orleans. They sacked plantations, intent on “killing
       every white they could get their hands on.” Local planters and
       militiamen took action, but the slaves were not fully subdued
       until Governor Claiborne called out the full militia.
       ...
       In 1822, in Charleston, South Carolina, Denmark Vesey led what
       Thomas Higginson, Unitarian minister and member of the Secret
       Six (the group of wealthy Northern abolitionists who financed
       John Brown’s attack at Harper’s Ferry), called “the most
       elaborate insurrectionary plot ever formed by American slaves.”
       Vesey’s conspiracy involved thousands of slaves who planned to
       exterminate every white in Charleston, seize bank reserves, and
       sail to Haiti.[xxix] One of the black leaders reportedly
       remarked that the men “would know what to do with the white
       women.”[xxx] Their plan was ambitious, with simultaneous attacks
       from five directions and a sixth force on horseback to patrol
       the streets.[xxxi]
       Slaves within the city were set to start fires and set
       explosions with stolen black powder. When whites ran out of
       their homes to put the fires out, the blacks were to slaughter
       them. In the chaos, columns of slaves would fall upon the city
       from every direction, seizing the state and federal arsenals.
       ...
       The plot failed and the authorities sentenced Vesey to death. On
       the day of his execution, federal soldiers were called to help
       the militia suppress another insurrection.[xxxiii] The fact that
       Vesey was a free black, rather than a slave, “sent shockwaves
       throughout Charleston’s white community, the members of which
       had always considered the free blacks living in their midst to
       be a nonthreatening, although unwelcome, presence.”[xxxiv]
       Though Vesey and his subordinates had maintained lists of their
       co-conspirators, only one list and part of another were
       recovered. One witness testified that nearly 7,000 slaves had
       been involved, while another implicated 9,000.
       In 1831, Nat Turner led the deadliest slave revolt in American
       history, in Southampton County, Virginia. Thomas Gray, the
       lawyer for several of the slaves involved in the revolt and the
       man who published Turner’s confession, wrote that the
       insurrection “was not instigated by motives of revenge or sudden
       anger, but the results of long deliberation, and a settled
       purpose of mind.” Gray continued: “It will thus appear, that
       whilst everything upon the surface of society wore a calm and
       peaceful aspect; whilst not one note of preparation was heard to
       warn . . . of woe and death, a gloomy fanatic was revolving in
       the recesses of his own dark, bewildered, and overwrought mind,
       schemes of indiscriminate massacre to the whites.”[xxxv]
       Virginia had a white majority, so any rebellion was sure to be
       suicide.[xxxvi]
       ...
       The slaves fanned out across the countryside and marched house
       to house, killing every white they found. The slaughter
       continued well into the next day; as the death toll mounted, so
       too did Nat Turner’s band. By the end, he had about 60 slaves,
       “all mounted and armed with guns, axes, swords and clubs.” At
       one home, the family tried to barricade the door. Turner later
       explained:
       Vain hope! Will, with one stroke of his axe, opened it, and
       we entered and found Mrs. Turner and Mrs. Newsome in the middle
       of a room, almost frightened to death. Will immediately killed
       Mrs. Turner, with one blow of his axe. I took Mrs. Newsome by
       the hand, and . . . struck her several blows over the head, but
       not being able to kill her, as the sword was dull. Will, turning
       around . . . dispatched her also.[xxxix]
       When Turner arrived at the Whitehead family’s home, he said he
       was:
       [Ready] to commence the work of death, but they whom I left,
       had not been idle; all the family were already murdered, but
       Mrs. Whitehead and her daughter Margaret. As I came ‘round to
       the door, I saw Will pulling Mrs. Whitehead out of the house,
       and at the step he nearly severed her head from her body, with
       his broad axe. Miss Margaret. . . had concealed herself. . . on
       my approach, she fled, but was soon overtaken, and after
       repeated blows with a sword, I killed her by a blow on the head,
       with a fence rail.
       ...
       One slave insurrection succeeded: a mutiny aboard the slave
       transport Creole in 1841. One black and one white were killed in
       the mutiny, after which the blacks forced the white navigator to
       sail to the British Bahamas. Most of the blacks escaped to
       freedom.[xliv]
       ...
       As for weapons, large numbers of slaves had access to axes.
       Slaves who worked in the sugar fields carried knives large
       enough to decapitate a man with one blow, and every slave who
       worked in the tobacco fields carried a blade. Many slaves knew
       how to use firearms despite legal restrictions.
       ...
       Fears of servile revolt were so serious that they affected
       Confederate troop movements.[lxiv] Throughout the war, there
       were steady reports of conspiracies and individual acts of
       sabotage, arson, and murder. Maroons dramatically increased
       their depredations. In several cases, white deserters and
       escaped Yankee prisoners formed biracial groups of bandits who
       preyed on lightly-defended Southerners while the Confederate
       Army was away fighting.[lxv]
       ...
       “[H]orrified as Southern whites were by the uprising, some
       Northerners . . . could hardly suppress their satisfaction at
       what they took to be a justified rebellion against the
       horrendous institution of slavery.”[lxxi]
       ...
  HTML https://www.amren.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Slavery-in-US-Map-600x360.png
       [/quote]
       #Post#: 11018--------------------------------------------------
       Re: American Slave Insurrections
       By: 90sRetroFan Date: February 3, 2022, 1:33 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Our enemy Coulter thinks she can challenge us with questions:
  HTML https://vdare.com/articles/ann-coulter-it-s-hate-white-history-month
       [quote]1. Why did slavery end so much sooner in white Christian
       countries?
       2. Are countries run by Muslims, Buddhists or voodoo doctors
       more or less likely to recognize human rights than Christian
       nations?
       3. Why would your teachers refuse to tell you about slavery
       among the “Indigenous” peoples?
       4. A Smithsonian magazine article about the Trail of Tears is
       titled, “How Native American Slaveholders Complicate the Trail
       of Tears Narrative.” What’s the “narrative”?
       5. In your other readings, have you found that the sins of
       whites and Christians are comically exaggerated, while those of
       nonwhites and non-Christians are buried in a lead casket and
       dropped in the middle of the sea?[/quote]
       Challenge accepted.
       1. Because whereas the rest of the world enslaved without regard
       to ethnic background, "whites" enslaved "non-whites" but not
       "whites". Thus, in absence of an ingroup-outgroup
       double-standard, slaves elsewhere had less motivation to rebel
       than did slaves in "white"-ruled countries.
       2. Less likely (proudly so!), because "human rights" are a
       Western concept consequential to the uniquely Western belief
       that non-humans have no souls. In contrast, Mohammed taught that
       non-humans can be better Muslims than humans, Siddhartha taught
       that all sentient beings can achieve Buddhahood, and animists at
       least believe non-humans have souls. However, Jesus also
       preached against anthropocentrism, therefore there is nothing
       Christian about "human rights". It is in fact Judaism:
  HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropocentrism
       [quote]In the 1985 CBC series "A Planet For the Taking", Dr.
       David Suzuki explored the Old Testament roots of
       anthropocentrism and how it shaped human views of non-human
       animals. Some Christian proponents of anthropocentrism base
       their belief on the Bible, such as the verse 1:26 in the Book of
       Genesis:
       And [s]God[/s] said, Let us make man in our image, after our
       likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea,
       and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all
       the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the
       earth.[/quote]
       3. I am not refusing to do this (see 1.).
       4. The narrative is that the Trail of Tears was racist. That
       there existed Native American slave holders (bad people) among
       those put on the Trail of Tears does not contradict the
       narrative, because "white" slave holders (also bad people) were
       not put on the Trail of Tears.
       5. It is impossible to exaggerate the evil of "whites" even if
       we wanted to:
  HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/true-left-vs-right/western-civilization-sustainable-evil/
  HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/true-left-vs-right/western-civilization-is-a-health-hazard/
  HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/true-left-vs-right/if-western-civilization-does-not-die-soon/
       #Post#: 22794--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Colonialism as viewed by Westerners
       By: Terrorists Date: October 15, 2023, 12:46 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Journalist Rips Palestinian ‘Terrorism’ Narrative to Shreds
       [quote]Breakthrough News journalist, Eugene Puryear, rips this
       narrative apart, explaining the long history of oppressed and
       colonized people being demonized and called terrorists and
       savage to justify the continued occupation of those people. No
       different than the Native resistance to American colonization,
       slave rebellions in the Americas, the Haitian Revolution,
       Palestinians are resisting Israeli colonialism, not out of
       bloodlust as the media has portrayed it, but because of decades
       of land thefts, massacres, second-class citizenship and the
       denial of the right to return that has persisted for
       decades.[/quote]
  HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AFjyKDUSMDo
       Only 6 minutes in to this video at time of post, but Puryear
       nails it!
       #Post#: 22975--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Exposing people with the Western Darwinian Worldview
       By: antihellenistic Date: October 22, 2023, 11:08 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       The correct way to see Western Civilization :
       [quote]The whites have always been an unjust, jealous,
       unmerciful, avaricious and blood-thirsty set of beings, always
       seeking after power and authority.-We view them all over the
       confederacy of Greece, where they were first known to be
       anything, (in consequence of education) we see them there,
       cutting each other's throats-trying to subject each other to
       wretchedness and misery-to effect which, they used all kinds of
       deceitful, unfair, and unmerciful means. We view them next in
       Rome, where the spirit of tyranny and deceit raged still higher.
       We view them in Gaul, Spain, and Britain.-In fine, we view them
       all over Europe, together with what were scattered about in Asia
       and Africa, as heathens, and we see them acting more like devils
       than accountable men.
       It is not a little remarkable, that in the nineteenth century a
       remnant of this same barbarous people should boast of their
       national superiority of intellect, and of wisdom and religion;
       who, in the seventeenth century, crossed the Atlantic and
       practised the same crime their barbarous ancestry had done in
       the fourth, fifth and sixth centuries: bringing with them the
       same boasted spirit of enterprise; and not unlike their fathers,
       staining their route with blood, as they have rolled along, as a
       cloud of locusts, toward the West. The late unholy war with the
       Indians, and the wicked crusade against the peace of Mexico, are
       striking illustrations of the nobleness of this race of people,
       and the powers of their mind.- David Walker (September 28, 1796
       – August 6, 1830), American abolitionist, writer, and
       anti-slavery activist.
       ...
       ...by the dint of war, and the destruction of the vanquished,
       since the founding of London, A. D. 49. Their whole career
       presents a motley mixture of barbarism and civilization, of
       fraud and philanthropy, of patriotism and avarice, of religion
       and bloodshed . . . . And instead of their advanced state in
       science being attributable to a superior development of
       intellectual faculties, . . . it is solely owing to . . .their
       innate thirst for blood and plunder..:2. - Hosea Easton,
       (1798–1837), American Congregationalist and Methodist minister,
       abolitionist activist, and author.[/quote]
       Source :
       The History of White People by Neil Irvin Painter page 88, 89,
       90
       About David Walker :
       [quote]David Walker (September 28, 1796 – August 6, 1830)[a] was
       an American abolitionist, writer, and anti-slavery activist.
       Though his father was enslaved, his mother was free; therefore,
       he was free as well (partus sequitur ventrem). In 1829, while
       living in Boston, Massachusetts, with the assistance of the
       African Grand Lodge (later named Prince Hall Grand Lodge,
       Jurisdiction of Massachusetts), he published An Appeal to the
       Colored Citizens of the World,[4] a call for black unity and a
       fight against slavery.[/quote]
       Source :
  HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Walker_(abolitionist)
       About Hosea Easton :
       [quote]Hosea Easton (1798–1837) was an American
       Congregationalist and Methodist minister, abolitionist activist,
       and author. He was one of the leaders of the convention movement
       in New England.[1][/quote]
       Source :
  HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosea_Easton
       The sad thing about their struggle's history :
       [quote]Despite their pungency, neither Walker's Appeal nor
       Easton's Treatise on the Intellectual Character ever truly
       penetrated the public consciousness at home or in Europe during
       the nineteenth century. The visibility of Walker's Appeal grew
       in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, but
       never approached the reputation of the champion of foreign
       analysts.[/quote]
       Source :
       The History of White People by Neil Irvin Painter page 90
       That's the reason for the need of United States to be controlled
       autocratically by the leftist, to ensure the leftism ideas
       control the society.
       109 years later
       [quote]As for the fact, however, that one nation in Africa is
       alleged have lost its freedom – that too is but an error; for it
       is not a question of one nation in Africa having lost its
       freedom – on the contrary practically all the previous
       inhabitants of this continent have been made subject to the
       sovereignty of other nations by bloody force, thereby losing
       their freedom. Moroccans, Berbers, Arabs, Negroes, &c., have all
       fallen victim to a foreign might, the swords of which, however,
       were not inscribed ‘Made in Germany’, but ‘Made by the
       Democracies’.” –  Hitler’s Reply to Roosevelt, Reichstag 28
       April 1939.[/quote]
       Source :  13. David Brockschmidt, "History Lessons from the
       Memory Hole - Let them eat their own words,"
  HTML http://adelaideinstitute.org/newsletters/n248.htm
       [quote]A negro with his taboos is far superior to a human who
       firmly believes in Transubstantiation. - Adolf Hitler, December
       13, 1941[/quote]
       Source: Adolf Hitler - Table Talk page 146
       [quote]December 16, 1941 : Führer on Japan : It is astonishing
       that we, with the help of Japan, are destroying the positions of
       the white race in East Asia while England together with the
       Bolshevist are attacking Europe. The white race means the Dutch
       in the East Indies, the British in Burma, Malaya and Singapore,
       the US in the Philippines and the French in Indochina.
       Hitler's remarks about Japan were put forward December 16, one
       week after Japan began its offensive against Southeast Asia.
       This is related to Hitler's statement on the radio which was
       later also broadcast by Japanese radio and the Japanese press
       that they are now carrying out a holy war against the white race
       with one billion Asian people. ..."[/quote]
       Source: Hitler's Footsteps in Indonesia, by Hoorst H. Geerken
       page 210
       [quote]The dirt was visible on the blacks only when the
       missionaries, in order to teach them decorum, obliged them to
       wear clothes. In its natural state, the negro is very clean. For
       a missionary, the smell of dirt is agreeable. From this point of
       view, they themselves are the dirtiest pigs. They have water
       horrors. Adolf Hitler, February 19, 1942[/quote]
       Source: Adolf Hitler - Table Talk pages 319 - 320
       [quote]We were ready to throw our forces into the scales for the
       preservation of the British Empire; and all that, mark you, at a
       time when, to tell the truth, I feel much more sympathetically
       inclined to the lowliest Hindu than to any of these arrogant
       islanders. Later on, the Germans will be pleased that they did
       not make any contribution to the survival of an out-dated state
       of affairs for which the world of the future would have found it
       hard to forgive them. We can with safety make one prophecy:
       whatever the outcome of this war, the British Empire is at an
       end. It has been mortally wounded. The future of the British
       people is to die of hunger and tuberculosis in their cursed
       island. - Adolf Hitler, 4th February 1945[/quote]
       Source : Bormann, Martin – Testament of Adolf Hitler
       (Hitler-Bormann Documents) Page 7
       [quote]Spain, France and England had all weakened, weakened and
       exhausted themselves in this futile colonial enterprise. The
       continent from which Spain and England gave birth, which they
       created piece by piece, has today acquired a completely
       independent way of life and completely selfish views. Even so,
       they were just an artificial world, without a soul, culture, or
       civilization of their own; and judging from that point of view,
       they were nothing more than dirt.  - Adolf Hitler, 7th February
       1945[/quote]
       Source :
       Bormann, Martin – Testament of Adolf Hitler (Hitler-Bormann
       Documents) Page 13
       [quote]The United States and Australia afford good examples.
       Success, certainly - but only on the material side. They are
       artificial edifices, bodies without age, of which it is it is
       impossible to say whether they are still in a state of infancy
       or whether they have already been touched by senility. In those
       continents which were inhabited, failure has been even more
       marked. In them, the white races have impose their will by
       force, and the influence they have had on the native inhabitants
       has been negligible. - Adolf Hitler, 7th February 1945[/quote]
       Source :
       Bormann, Martin – Testament of Adolf Hitler (Hitler-Bormann
       Documents) Page 13
  HTML https://64.media.tumblr.com/e783d0e29de15ae6028f4c579e156982/368b2ac112d0bc43-85/s1280x1920/4ef20267798975377db6d2b6269eb551aef8cf4a.jpg
       #Post#: 24176--------------------------------------------------
       Re: True Left breakthrough: anti-democracy
       By: antihellenistic Date: November 28, 2023, 1:31 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       [quote]Ultimately the South was caught in an untenable
       situation: it could not at the same time suppress over one-third
       of its population and fight a war against a larger, stronger
       power. As W.E.B. DuBois put it in Black Reconstruction in
       America:
       It was not the Abolitionist alone who freed the slaves. The
       Abolitionists never had a real majority of the people of the
       United States back  of them. Freedom for the slave was the
       logical result of a crazy attempt to wage war in the midst of
       four million Black slaves, and trying the while sublimely to
       ignore the interests of the slaves in the outcome of the
       fighting. Yet, these slaves had enormous power in  their hands.
       Simply by stopping work, they could threaten the Confederacy
       with starvation. By walking into the Federal camps, they  showed
       to doubting Northerners the easy possibility of using them as
       workers, and as servants, as farmers, and as spies, and finally,
       as fighting soldiers. And not only using them thus, but by the
       same gesture, depriving their enemies of their use in just these
       fields. It was the fugitive slave who made the slaveholders face
       the alternative of surrendering to the North, or to the
       Negroes.114
       To an important extent, therefore, the Black slaves of the South
       used the  trauma of civil war to free themselves.[/quote]
       Source :
       White Freedom The Racial History of an Idea Tyler Edward Stovall
       2021 Princeton University Press page 183, 184
       #Post#: 25577--------------------------------------------------
       Re: American Slave Insurrections
       By: antihellenistic Date: March 21, 2024, 6:18 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       [quote]SUPPLEMENT
       THE UNENSLAVING OF JEMMY
       At daybreak on Sunday, September 9, 1739, twenty or so Africans
       gathered at the Stono River, about twenty miles from Charleston.
       At least nineteen were Angolan, and their acknowledged leader
       was a man named Jemmy. Despite being thousands of miles from the
       West African region where he was born, Jemmy had a warped
       familiarity with the environment: the climate, soil, and
       topography of South Carolina were similar to his homeland, as
       were the people. At the time, only fifteen thousand of the
       state’s forty-five thousand citizens were white, so even in
       America, Jemmy was surrounded by Black faces.1 His status as a
       warrior, a fearless leader, and a fellow African convinced his
       co-conspirators that they could overcome all the wrath and
       retribution that all the white gods could summon. They held the
       power.
       Before his capture, Jemmy could not have fathomed such an
       inhumane institution as the enslavement system that lay beyond
       the horizon of the African coast. Even though there was slavery
       in Africa, America’s version was intergenerational, unending,
       and, by definition, reduced humans to a form of animate chattel.
       Although he was now a bondservant who was likely literate in at
       least three languages, including English, Portuguese, and his
       native tongue, some historians believe Jemmy probably served as
       a Kongol or Angolan warrior who was captured and sold during an
       incursion with a neighboring kingdom. He was likely trained in
       combat, strategy, and the tactics of war. Jemmy was a leader. He
       was a man. He was a human being. Above all, Jemmy was not a
       slave.
       Plus, Jemmy knew things. Jemmy knew that a recent malaria
       outbreak had decimated Charleston. His linguistic flexibility
       allowed him to communicate without fear of the uneducated white
       men who knew nothing of rice or cattle. This ability to speak
       Portuguese meant he probably understood the Spanish agents
       sneaking through plantations, spreading rumors that enslaved
       people would be free if they could make it to the free Black
       community of Fort Mose in Spanish Florida. Jemmy the Rebel knew
       that the healthy white Charlestonians would be in church on
       Sunday for the annual Feast of the Nativity of Mary. He knew
       that South Carolina had just passed a law that required every
       free white man to carry a firearm. He also knew the law wouldn’t
       go into effect for two more weeks. He knew a just God would
       eventually give him freedom. He knew the white men never would.
       But Jemmy could not wait for God or white men. He didn’t just
       want to be free himself. Jemmy wanted everyone to be free. And
       Jemmy had a plan. Jemmy’s crew met before daybreak on September
       9, 1739, and knew exactly where they were going. After crossing
       the Stono Bridge, they broke into a hardware store and armory
       that sold guns and munitions. They executed the two shopkeepers,
       decapitated them, confiscated the firearms, and kept things
       moving. The group proceeded to the plantation owned by the
       Godfrey family, killing the owner and his two children. When
       they arrived at Wallace’s Tavern before dawn, they didn’t murder
       the innkeeper, because, according to Jemmy’s co-conspirators,
       Wallace was “a good man and kind to his slaves.”2
       He would be the only white man spared.
       By daybreak, the makeshift army had traveled only three miles of
       the 150 to Fort Mose, and yet the group had doubled in size.
       Some of their newly emancipated cohorts had joined voluntarily,
       while others were conscripted into teaming up with the rebels to
       keep the news from spreading. By eleven o’clock, somewhere
       between sixty and one hundred Africans were on the prowl, flying
       a banner, playing drums, dancing, and chanting, “Liberty.”
       People who were lucky enough to escape the group’s wrath
       reported that the rebels were drunk, unaware that war dancing
       was a form of communication in the West African military
       tradition that had survived by embedding itself in the
       Gullah-Geechee culture.
       By late afternoon, after traveling ten miles, the troops paused
       in an open field before crossing the Edisto River, likely
       calculating that word of their previous handiwork would cause
       other enslaved Africans to join their ranks during the night.
       They weren’t worried about being caught. They had killed every
       white man who laid eyes on them, except for one who spotted them
       just before noon. They had chased him, but he was on horseback
       and escaped. Unfortunately, the “one guy” who got away was
       William Bull, the lieutenant governor of South Carolina.
       When an impromptu white militia summoned by Bull found the
       selffreed slaves, a battle broke out.* Twenty whites were
       killed, and at least thirty of the Black militia died, while
       others were captured, imprisoned, and interrogated. The murdered
       insurgents were decapitated and their heads affixed to posts
       entering the city—a practice that would become an American
       tradition.
       The incident inspired fear across South Carolina. For months,
       wives and daughters of slaveowners were moved out of the state.
       The state assembly raised a special patrol along the Stono River
       and offered rewards to natives if they captured escaped
       Africans, but their efforts were largely unsuccessful. One of
       the initial twenty leaders remained at large for at least twenty
       years.
       The Stono Rebellion changed the face of slavery in the slave
       capital of the world and, by proxy, in America as a whole. As a
       result of it, whites temporarily paused the slave trade for a
       decade, blaming the violence on the fact that these rebels were
       born in Africa. In its wake, white entrepreneurs formed a new
       industry by creating American-born slaves. Masters encouraged
       reproduction among the slaves they already owned, while slave
       traders traveled the country buying human beings from estate
       sales, auctions, and indebted enslavers. When the transatlantic
       slave trade eventually reopened, they avoided the Congo-Angola
       region because, the geniuses concluded, it wasn’t the brutal
       idea of perpetual, intergenerational human bondage that had
       caused Jemmy and his friends to lash out. Apparently, it was
       geography.
       Perhaps the most significant legacy of Jemmy’s war were the
       draconian measures the legislature put forth to replace South
       Carolina’s 1696 slave code. The post-Stono legislation forbade
       slaves from growing their own food, earning money, learning to
       write, or gathering in groups of three or more. It prohibited
       Black males from traveling together in groups of seven or more
       without the presence of a white man. It also gave owners the
       right to kill any enslaved person who was rebellious, and went
       as far as to regulate which colors and fabrics an enslaved Black
       person could wear. It was a legal code of complete and total
       oppression. Because white people were the minority, South
       Carolina’s white population used cruelty as a tool to suppress
       their worst fears.
       Nearly every state’s laws governing the enslaved were based, in
       part, on the Negro Act of 1740, proving that the uniquely
       American version of human subjugation was never just a
       thoughtless experiment. It was ingrained in the fabric of
       America. It was intentional: a color-coded, neverending, legally
       protected, constitutionally enshrined system of human
       trafficking that extorted labor, intellectual property, and
       talent in the most brutal way imaginable. It was born out of
       fear and white supremacy. And yet with all the enlightened
       philosophies, whips, and muskets this country could muster . . .
       It still could not make a slave.[/quote]
       Source :
       Black AF History: The Un-Whitewashed Story of America page 67 -
       70
       #Post#: 25638--------------------------------------------------
       Re: American Slave Insurrections
       By: antihellenistic Date: March 25, 2024, 5:38 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       [quote]When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary
       for one people to dissolve the bonds of servitude which have
       failed to define their existence, and to assume among the powers
       of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws
       of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to
       the opinions of history requires that they should declare the
       causes which impelled them to their actions.
       Only we held these truths to be self-evident, that all men are
       created equal, that they are— no, that we are—endowed by their
       creator of all things with certain unalienable rights, that
       among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We
       are the only ones who ever believed that, to secure these
       rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their
       authority from the consent of the governed. We do not consent.
       Whenever any form of government becomes untenable of these ends,
       it has been the right of the people to alter or to abolish it,
       and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such
       principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them
       shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness.
       Prudence, indeed, dictates that governments long established
       should not be changed for light and transient causes; and
       accordingly, all experience hath shewn, that mankind is more
       disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right
       themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.
       But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing
       invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under
       absolute despotism, it has always been the right and the duty of
       the people to throw off such government, and to provide new
       guards for their future security.
       Such was the simmering long-suffering of African people in
       America. Their existence on this continent is a story of
       enslavement, oppression, and the most prolonged, undemocratic,
       heartless treatment of men, women, and children in the history
       of the human species. In every stage of those oppressions, the
       subjugated people collectively petitioned for redress in the
       most humble of terms. Their repeated petitions were answered
       only by repeated injury. Thus, a country whose national
       character is marked by every act that may define tyranny is
       unfit to rule a people. Nor were the oppressed wanting in
       attention from White America. The enslavers and their advocates
       were warned, from time to time, of attempts to extend the
       already unwarrantable jurisdiction over the permanently
       indentured population. They were reminded of the circumstances
       of their forcibly enslaved, who appealed to their native justice
       and magnanimity. The bondsmen conjured them by the ties of their
       freed kinsmen, their radical allies, and their common humanity
       to disavow the institution. Yet they too were deaf to the voice
       of justice and of consanguinity. And so, this immature infant
       nation being impervious to reason, logic, compassion, and
       self-realization, there came no other choice. The men for whom
       this country had withheld liberty and justice since the day it
       was founded had to save America from itself. They wanted that
       smoke.
       —“The Unanimous Declaration of ‘These Hands’ by the Black Folks
       of America”[/quote]
       Source :
       Black AF History: The Un-Whitewashed Story of America page 148
       #Post#: 25645--------------------------------------------------
       Re: How "Moderates" Serve The Right
       By: antihellenistic Date: March 25, 2024, 8:41 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       American Anti-Discrimination Idealism Cannot Came from
       Moderatist Approach
       [quote]Calhoun was arguably one of the most powerful men in
       antebellum politics, having served as a congressman, senator,
       secretary of war, secretary of state, and two terms as vice
       president. In 1828, Calhoun penned the South Carolina Exposition
       and Protest, which introduced the idea that states could nullify
       federal laws, including tariffs, treaties, and taxes that
       unfairly burdened the states that benefited from free labor—the
       earliest rumbles of the region’s aversion to “big government”
       policies that interfere with “states’ rights” and “the Southern
       way of life.” If the South conceded to “big government” and the
       campaign against the institution of forced labor, then the
       federal government could theoretically outlaw human trafficking
       altogether. John Calhoun wouldn’t have it. South Carolina had
       already effectively nullified a federal judge’s anti-slavery
       decision and other states took notice.
       Eventually, Georgia, North Carolina, Florida, Alabama,
       Mississippi, and Texas passed laws that were identical to the
       Negro Seaman Act, effectively nullifying a federal judge’s
       decision. In the Kansas and Missouri Territories, a five-year
       war between 1854 and 1859 had erupted over the possibility of
       slavery expanding into new states. At the heart of the conflict
       was whether Kansas would outlaw slavery when it became a state
       or ban the institution like its southern neighbor Missouri. As
       Congress debated the matter, proslavery Border Ruffians went to
       war against anti-slavery “Free Staters” to voice their opinion
       on the issue in the most American way possible: killing anyone
       who disagreed. The white-on-white violence even erupted in
       Congress.
       The “Radical” wing of the newly organized Republican Party was
       comprised of a few anti-slavery politicians who understood that
       war was the only way to eradicate such a profitable enterprise.
       While some white abolitionists opposed race-based servitude,
       most Republicans simply wanted to preserve the union of settler
       states they called “America.” Contrary to the dominant
       white-people-fought-to-end-slavery narrative, few, if any, white
       men were willing to donate their lives to the cause of a free
       African American. Just as the Founding Fathers acquiesced to the
       South and excluded Black people from the “all men are created
       equal” when initiating the American experiment, most political
       leaders wanted to figure out a way to avoid a North vs. South
       showdown, even if it meant denying Black people’s freedom. This
       centrist sentiment resulted in the election of President Abraham
       Lincoln, who admitted that his “paramount object in this
       struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to
       destroy slavery.”4
       Lincoln calmed fears of disunion by insisting that he had no
       plans to elevate Black Americans, free or enslaved, to the
       status of white men. “I will say then that I am not, nor ever
       have been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social and
       political equality of the black and white races,” he said in an
       1858 speech. “I will say in addition to this that there is a
       physical difference between the white and black races which I
       believe will forever forbid the two races living together on
       terms of social and political equality. And inasmuch as they
       cannot so live, while they do remain together there must be the
       position of superior and inferior, and I as much as any other
       man am in favor of having the superior position assigned to the
       white race.”5
       Once again, I need to emphasize this: no one, not the Northern
       abolitionists, Lincoln, the Union army, the Confederate
       turncoats, or the slaves themselves, saw the inevitable showdown
       as a battle to end slavery. “Neither North nor South had before
       1861 the slightest intention of going to war,” wrote Du Bois.
       “The thought was in many respects ridiculous. They were not
       prepared for War. The national army was small, poorly equipped,
       and without experience. There was no file from which someone
       might draw plans of subjugation. When Northern armies entered
       the South, they became armies of emancipation. It was the last
       thing they planned to be. The North did not propose to attack
       property. It did not propose to free slaves. This was to be a
       white man’s War to preserve the Union, and the Union must be
       preserved.”6
       To explain how the country broke this intractable stalemate,
       historians often point to Lincoln’s election, the Nullification
       Crisis, Bleeding Kansas, the Missouri Compromise, or any number
       of social, political, and economic factors that supposedly set
       the nation on the path toward the War for White Rights. Rarely
       mentioned are the Black revolutionaries who escalated the
       national discord and further radicalized abolitionists and
       political figures of the period until the incongruity of a
       democracy that allowed human captivity could no longer be
       ignored.
       ...
       There are some who cannot wait for change and pledge themselves
       to the cause of dismantling the status quo with their own hands.
       When they are white, we refer to them as “patriots” or “freedom
       fighters.” When they are Black, these unswerving agitators are
       most frequently painted as “thugs” or criminals. But if the
       informal nation within a nation known as Black America ever
       existed, then the preternatural instinct for survival and
       resistance that resides in the souls of Black folk at that time
       must be described as a unique form of patriotism. They were more
       radical than all of the Republicans combined, and they were the
       driving force of the Southern economy. They were at once
       powerful and oppressed . . . until they freed themselves and, in
       doing so, saved America. They could not wait for deliverance, so
       they undid their own shackles. History is written by the
       victors, but it is made by the rebellious. This chapter is an
       ode to the great Black American Revolution: After Jemmy. After
       Denmark Vesey. After Nat Turner. After Black people, and each of
       their small-scale uprisings and individual acts of desertion.
       All of them.
       Previously, we’d talked about the American Revolution as the
       largest Black uprising, but perhaps the greatest insurrection in
       America was ultimately the slow, steady trickle of men and women
       who used the Underground Railroad to secure their freedom. While
       history portrays the network of safe houses, abolitionists, and
       conspirators as clandestine and secretive, the real Underground
       Railroad used every available means, public and private, to
       transform slaves to free men. Sometimes they secreted slaves to
       Canada, while other times the buck contingent chose the path of
       knucking. The tactics of the Black abolitionists frequently
       escalated to the point where white abolitionists disavowed their
       more radical Black counterparts.
       Take, for example, the case of Shadrach Minkins. When white
       abolitionist lawyers failed to successfully represent escapee
       Minkins, the first person in New England seized under the 1850
       Fugitive Slave Act, Boston’s Black leaders came up with a
       different plan. A gang of “outraged black men” burst into the
       courtroom, faces disguised, and wrestled Minkins away from
       federal marshals. Hiding him in a basement, the outlaws
       eventually helped the fugitive escape to Canada.7 Nine “African
       American activists”8—including Robert Morris, the second Black
       man admitted to the Massachusetts bar—were indicted and tried
       for treason, but were ultimately acquitted on all counts. This
       type of action was the Underground Railroad, too.
       Others, after Jemmy, Nat Turner, and Denmark Vesey, tried to
       jump-start nationwide revolts where Black captives took up arms
       and went Stono on the slaveholders. John Brown’s brazen attack
       on the U.S. arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, on October 16,
       1859, is often cited as the Civil War’s first unofficial battle.
       Brown, a white abolitionist, alongside a crew of around twenty
       insurgents, attempted to initiate an uprising, but they were
       quickly snuffed out by a company of U.S. Marines. These freedom
       fighters were later tried, and Brown was hanged along with his
       co-conspirators
       Brown was perceived as a tragic but delusional white man by
       those who were too blind to see that a reckoning was coming.
       Many Southerners took the incident as proof their captive
       property was not interested in taking up arms to fight. “By the
       confession of Brown it appears that the slaves were not parties
       to the plot, which, however, was concocted with the expectation
       that they would rise by thousands, and join in it as soon as the
       first blow was struck; in which hope the conspirators were
       signally disappointed,” read an editorial in the Kentucky
       Commonwealth. “For one, we do not believe that many even of the
       most radical Abolitionists were encouraged in it.”9
       ...
       Continued revolts, escapes, and acts of rebellion didn’t just
       bring the country closer to civil war—these incidents helped
       secure victory for the Union, although that was never the main
       goal of the enslaved. Again, the slaves were on the side of
       freedom. Just as the throwdown between the Patriots and the
       Loyalists provided an excuse for Africans to liberate themselves
       during the Revolutionary War, the political and economic
       arguments between the Southern slavemasters and the Union
       preservationists were immaterial to the Black bondsmen held
       captive below the Mason- Dixon. For them, armed conflict
       provided the perfect opportunity for emancipation, by any means
       necessary.
       Given a choice between being part of America and owning slaves,
       the South chose treason and secession, sending the nation into
       what still stands as the bloodiest war in the history of this
       country. This war was won through the efforts of the escaped
       slaves, whose mere absence would eventually cause the economic
       collapse of the Southern empire. Yet when their War for Unending
       Enslavement began, the South considered their human property an
       advantage. While there is no evidence of Black soldiers fighting
       on behalf of the Confederacy, enslaved men and women were used
       as cooks, laborers, and personal attendants in the military. In
       many respects, it was these very Black people they forced into
       labor who best undermined the Confederate States’ military
       efforts.[/quote]
       Source :
       Black AF History: The Un-Whitewashed Story of America page 150,
       151, 152, 153, 155
       Sentences given in red color and bold show that moderate and
       democratic methods cannot enforce anti-discrimination idealism
       towards people, whereas sentences given in blue color and bold
       show that authoritative and confrontative method can enforce
       anti-discrimination idealism towards people.
       #Post#: 25646--------------------------------------------------
       Re: American Slave Insurrections
       By: antihellenistic Date: March 25, 2024, 8:54 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Confrontative, not Democratic Method which Ending American
       Slavery
       [quote]When the fighting started, Union military leaders were
       unprepared for the influx of escaped slaves ready to open
       long-preserved cans of whoop-ass on their pro slavery
       taskmasters. The debate over the legal status of “contrabands”
       like Robert Smalls was as contentious as the ongoing debate over
       the value of Black Lives. In 1861, Frank Baker, James Townsend,
       and Shepard Mallory stole a skiff near the spot where the White
       Lion landed with the first enslaved Africans in America. The
       enslaved men had been leased to the Confederate army to defend
       batteries in Virginia; instead, they rowed to Union-occupied
       Fort Monroe and presented themselves to Major General Benjamin
       Butler. When scouts informed Confederate major John B. Cary
       about the escape, he requested the return of his leased
       “property.” Butler refused.* Trained as an attorney, Butler
       explained to the un-American troop leader that since Virginia
       considered itself an enemy combatant, the rules of war dictated
       that the men were now property seized during formal hostilities.
       Following Butler’s informal declaration, Congress passed the
       Confiscation Act of 1861, stripping Confederate volunteers and
       their co-conspirators of their enslaved property that managed to
       reach Union-occupied spaces
       A few months later, Union major general David Hunter issued
       General Order No. 11, declaring:
       The three States of Georgia, Florida and South Carolina,
       comprising the military department of the South, having
       deliberately declared themselves no longer under the protection
       of the United States of America, and having taken up arms
       against the said United States, it becomes a military necessity
       to declare them under martial law. This was accordingly done on
       the 25th day of April, 1862. Slavery and martial law in a free
       country are altogether incompatible; the persons in these three
       States—Georgia, Florida and South Carolina— heretofore held as
       slaves, are therefore declared forever free.17
       According to established military tradition, Butler and Hunter
       were technically correct, but the implications were enormous. If
       the runaways were “contraband of war,” then, by extension, the
       army, not Lincoln, held authority in the Confederate States of
       America. Butler and Hunter’s acts incensed Lincoln. He had no
       intention of wading into the fight over slavery, knowing it
       would exacerbate the resistance of the already incorrigible
       slaveholding states. “If I could save the Union without freeing
       any slave I would do it,” Lincoln explained to New York Tribune
       editor Horace Greeley, “and if I could save it by freeing all
       the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some
       and leaving others alone, I would also do that. What I do about
       slavery and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to
       save this Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I do not
       believe it would help to save the Union.”18 Lincoln quickly
       rescinded Hunter’s order, but it was too late. The Confederate
       States were officially recognized as a separate entity.
       But General Hunter’s controversial order that would eventually
       set Lincoln, Congress, and the Union forces on the path toward
       enlisting free Black recruits and emancipating slaves was not
       his own idea. Hunter often consulted with a battlefield nurse
       who had been helping slaves flee to freedom, enlarging Hunter’s
       crew of renegade soldiers. Hunter had even been paying her, but
       after the army stopped Hunter from recruiting Black soldiers,
       she gave up her salary so she wouldn’t be seen as Hunter’s
       favorite. Instead, she baked pies in the evening to sell to the
       white soldiers. Reenter Harriet Tubman. The famed conductor of
       the Underground Railroad was instrumental in Hunter’s success in
       the South. Tubman’s years of experience facilitating escapes
       gave Hunter access to a veritable super-soldier. Tubman could
       map the terrain for other troops, gather intelligence from the
       enslaved, and lead reconnaissance missions without being
       detected. Clearly understanding the advantage Black soldiers
       gave the Union, Hunter continued to antagonize the treasonous
       Southerners, enlisting their fugitive slaves to fight against
       them.[/quote]
       Source :
       Black AF History: The Un-Whitewashed Story of America page 156,
       157, 158
       #Post#: 26138--------------------------------------------------
       Re: True Left breakthrough: anti-democracy
       By: antihellenistic Date: April 26, 2024, 10:28 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       It's the American Democrats who want to preserve slavery, with
       democratic and utilitarian ideas
       [quote]While other political, economic, and social issues have
       mattered more or less over the years, white supremacy has been
       the organizing principle of American politics before America
       even existed. Of course, your raggedy history book will explain
       how the nation’s first two political factions, the Federalists
       and the Anti-Federalists, was about representation, states’
       rights, and taxation, and not humanity or white supremacy.
       They’ll say the Federalists wanted a strong federal government,
       a national army, and a central bank that handled the country’s
       debts, while the Anti-Federalists favored states’ rights, a
       weaker executive branch, and a government that wasn’t dominated
       by New England merchants and Northern aristocrats.
       But a lot of the beef was about slavery. Even though many
       Federalists owned slaves, Anti-Federalists were afraid that a
       strong federal government dominated by Northern aristocrats
       could essentially ban the institution. They wanted their new
       nation to treat in the manner suggested by a more beloved group
       of men known as the Isley Brothers once suggested, “It’s your
       thing, do what you wanna do.” And so they compromised.
       Ultimately, the new Constitution of the United States of America
       actually told the states who to sock it to.
       After the Founders signed away two-fifths of Black people’s
       humanity in exchange for political expediency, the Federalists
       and the Anti- Federalists formed into two parties. The
       Federalists became the Federalist Party. They were religiously
       puritanical, pro–big government, and strong in New England. The
       Anti-Federalists became the Democrat-Republicans, a party that
       favored an agrarian economy, smaller government, and states
       retaining more rights.* It is important to note that neither
       party was overly concerned with the abolition of slavery. Each
       had anti-slavery factions, but aside from the New England states
       that had abolished slavery, the
       Democrat-Republican Party dominated early American politics. By
       the election of 1824, the Federalist Party had collapsed, and
       the Democrat- Republicans had splintered into factions.
       Andrew Jackson actually won the popular vote in 1824 and had
       more electoral votes, but because none of the candidates (all of
       whom were Democrat-Republicans) won a majority of electoral
       votes, the House of Representatives elected New Englander John
       Quincy Adams as president. After the “corrupt bargain,” Jackson
       desperately wanted a rematch against John Q. But Johnny was
       already the Democrat-Republican nominee, so Jackson’s homeboys
       from Tennessee took their horses down to Old Town Road and
       nominated him for president under the banner of the Jackson
       party. When Jackson beat the brakes off John Quincy Adams in the
       rematch, Jackson’s conservative, pro-slavery supporters created
       a political organization called the “Democrats.” At their
       inaugural convention in 1840, the Democratic Party adopted its
       first official platform, resolving that “all efforts of the
       abolitionists or others, made to induce Congress to interfere
       with questions of slavery . . . have an inevitable tendency to
       diminish the happiness of the people, and endanger the stability
       and permanency of the Union, and ought not to be countenanced by
       any friend of our political institutions.”4 The Democrats’ main
       platform centered around the concept of “nullification”—the idea
       that states had the right to invalidate laws they deemed
       unconstitutional. Of course, the only law they wanted to nullify
       was the one about owning human beings. Democrats thought the
       federal government should leave those decisions up to the
       states.*
       It is true that the Republican Party was founded on the
       principles of anti-slavery. Founded in 1854, the GOP’s only real
       concern was stopping the expansion of owning men.* They were so
       in favor of ending America’s peculiar institution that members
       were often called “Black Republicans” as a slur. And trust me,
       they weren’t talking about Kanye West. Republicans also elected
       the first woman to Congress, supported Black suffrage, and
       pushed for civil rights legislation before Martin Luther King
       was born.5 The Civil War, in effect, was a clash over the
       evolution of America’s two political parties—one that wanted the
       right to own men and another that vehemently opposed the
       possession of human beings by others.[/quote]
       Source :
       Black AF History: The Un-Whitewashed Story of America page 322 -
       323
       *****************************************************