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#Post#: 10291--------------------------------------------------
Jallianwala Bagh massacre
By: 90sRetroFan Date: December 28, 2021, 9:15 pm
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HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre
[quote]The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar
massacre, took place on 13 April 1919. A large peaceful crowd
had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab to
protest against the arrest of pro-Indian independence leaders
Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satya Pal. In response to the
public gathering, the British Brigadier-General R. E. H. Dyer
surrounded the Bagh with his soldiers. The Jallianwala Bagh
could only be exited on one side, as its other three sides were
enclosed by buildings. After blocking the exit with his troops,
he ordered them to shoot at the crowd, continuing to fire even
as the protestors tried to flee. The troops kept on firing until
their ammunition was exhausted.[4] Estimates of those killed
vary between 379 and 1500+ people [1] and over 1,200 other
people were injured of whom 192 were seriously injured.[5][6]
Responses polarized both the British and Indian peoples. Eminent
author Rudyard Kipling declared at the time that Dyer "did his
duty as he saw it".[7] This incident shocked Rabindranath
Tagore, an Indian polymath and the first Asian Nobel laureate,
to such an extent that he renounced his knighthood.
...
The level of casual brutality, and lack of any accountability,
stunned the entire nation,[10] resulting in a wrenching loss of
faith of the general Indian public in the intentions of the
United Kingdom.[11] The ineffective inquiry, together with the
initial accolades for Dyer, fuelled great widespread anger
against the British among the Indian populace, leading to the
non-cooperation movement of 1920–22.[12] Some historians
consider the episode a decisive step towards the end of British
rule in India.[13]
Britain has never formally apologised for the massacre
...
Massacre
...
By mid-afternoon, thousands of Indians had gathered in the
Jallianwala Bagh (garden) near the Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar.
Many who were present had earlier worshipped at the Golden
Temple, and were passing through the Bagh on their way home. The
Bagh was (and remains today) an open area of six to seven acres,
roughly 200 yards by 200 yards in size, and surrounded on all
sides by walls roughly 10 feet in height. Balconies of houses
three to four stories tall overlooked the Bagh, and five narrow
entrances opened onto it, several with lockable gates. During
the rainy season, it was planted with crops, but served as a
local meeting and recreation area for much of the year.[40] In
the center of the Bagh was a samadhi (cremation site) and a
large well partly filled with water which measured about 20 feet
in diameter.[40]
...
Dyer arranged for an aeroplane to overfly the Bagh and estimate
the size of the crowd, that he reported was about 6,000, while
the Hunter Commission estimates a crowd of 10,000 to 20,000 had
assembled by the time of Dyer's arrival.[40][5] Colonel Dyer and
Deputy Commissioner Irving, the senior civil authority for
Amritsar, took no actions to prevent the crowd assembling, or to
peacefully disperse the crowds. This would later be a serious
criticism levelled at both Dyer and Irving.
An hour after the meeting began as scheduled at 17:30, Colonel
Dyer arrived at the Bagh with a group of 50 troops, including 25
Gurkhas of 1/9 Gurkha Rifles (1st battalion, 9th Gurkha Rifles),
25 Pathans and Baluch and 59th Sindh Rifles.[41] Fifty of them
were armed with .303 Lee–Enfield bolt-action rifles. Dyer may
have specifically chosen troops from those ethnic groups due to
their proven loyalty to the British. He had also brought two
armoured cars armed with machine guns; however, the vehicles
could not enter the compound through the narrow entrances. The
Jallianwala Bagh was surrounded on all sides by houses and
buildings and had only five narrow entrances, most kept
permanently locked. The main entrance was relatively wide, but
was guarded heavily by the troops backed by the armoured
vehicles so as to prevent anyone from getting out.
Dyer, without warning the crowd to disperse, blocked the main
exits. Dyer ordered his troops to begin shooting toward the
densest sections of the crowd in front of the available narrow
exits, where panicked crowds were trying to leave the Bagh.
Firing continued for approximately ten minutes. Unarmed
civilians including men, women, elderly people and children were
killed. This incident came to be known as the Amritsar massacre.
Cease-fire was ordered only when ammunition supplies were almost
exhausted.[42] He stated later that this act "was not to
disperse the meeting but to punish the Indians for
disobedience."[43]
The following day Dyer stated in a report that "I have heard
that between 200 and 300 of the crowd were killed. My party
fired 1,650 rounds".[44][42]
Apart from the many deaths directly from the shooting, a number
of people died of crushing in the stampedes at the narrow gates
or by jumping into the solitary well on the compound to escape
the shooting. A plaque, placed at the site after independence,
states that 120 bodies were removed from the well. Dyer pushed
the curfew time earlier than the usual time, therefore, the
wounded could not be moved from where they had fallen and more
who had been injured then died during the night.[45]
...
The British Government tried to suppress information of the
massacre,[51] but news spread in India and widespread outrage
ensued; details of the massacre did not become known in Britain
until December 1919.[52][53][54]
...
Colonel Dyer reported to his superiors that he had been
"confronted by a revolutionary army", to which Major General
William Beynon replied: "Your action was correct and Lieutenant
Governor approves."[56] O'Dwyer requested that martial law
should be imposed upon Amritsar and other areas, and this was
granted by Viceroy Lord Chelmsford.[57][58]
...
"I think it quite possible that I could have dispersed the crowd
without firing, but they would have come back again and laughed,
and I would have made, what I consider, a fool of myself."[70]
Dyer further reiterated his belief that the crowd in the Bagh
was one of "rebels who were trying to isolate my forces and cut
me off from other supplies. Therefore, I considered it my duty
to fire on them and to fire well".[68]
After Mr. Justice Rankin had questioned Dyer, Sir Chimanlal
Setalvad enquired:
Sir Chimanlal: Supposing the passage was sufficient to allow
the armoured cars to go in, would you have opened fire with the
machine guns?
Dyer: I think probably, yes.
Sir Chimanlal: In that case, the casualties would have been
much higher?
Dyer: Yes.[68]
Dyer further stated that his intentions had been to strike
terror throughout Punjab and in doing so, reduce the moral
stature of the "rebels".
...
The Hunter Commission did not impose any penal or disciplinary
action because Dyer's actions were condoned by various superiors
(later upheld by the Army Council).[74][/quote]
NEVER FORGIVE. NEVER FORGET.
The first retaliation:
[quote]On 13 March 1940, at Caxton Hall in London, Udham Singh,
an Indian independence activist from Sunam who had witnessed the
events in Amritsar and had himself been wounded, shot and killed
Michael O'Dwyer, the Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab at the time
of the massacre, who had approved Dyer's action and was believed
to have been the main planner.
Some, such as the nationalist newspaper Amrita Bazar Patrika,
made statements supporting the killing. The common people and
revolutionaries glorified the action of Udham Singh.
...
Singh was hanged for the murder on 31 July 1940.[/quote]
Who else supported the assassination? Axis, of course:
[quote]In fascist countries, the incident was used for
anti-British propaganda: Bergeret, published in large scale from
Rome at that time, while commenting upon the Caxton Hall
assassination, ascribed the greatest significance to the
circumstance and praised the action of Udham Singh as
courageous.[79] The Berliner Börsen Zeitung termed the event
"The torch of Indian freedom". German radio reportedly
broadcast: "The cry of tormented people spoke with
shots."[/quote]
#Post#: 10293--------------------------------------------------
Re: Jallianwala Bagh massacre
By: 90sRetroFan Date: December 28, 2021, 9:17 pm
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The struggle continues:
HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/true-left-vs-false-left/true-left-breakthrough-ahimsa/msg10292/#msg10292
It must not end until every British colonialist bloodline has
been eliminated.
#Post#: 12997--------------------------------------------------
Re: Colonial Crimes
By: 90sRetroFan Date: April 22, 2022, 9:12 pm
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HTML https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pal-dadhvav-massacre-boris-johnson-faces-calls-to-apologise-for-colonial-era-massacre-in-india-2905819
[quote]British Prime Minister Boris Johnson faces calls to
apologise for a colonial-era massacre when he visits Gujarat
today, 100 years after as many as 1,200 people were killed
protesting against imperial rule.
...
According to the Gujarat government, British Major HG Sutton
ordered his troops to open fire. "Like a battlefield, the entire
area was filled with corpses," it said. Two wells, it added,
were "overflowing with bodies".
...
Arun Vaghela, head of Gujarat University's history department,
has little expectation the British Prime Minister would address
the issue.
He has carried out field research at the site and said even 20
years ago residents were still finding old bullets lodged in
trees and skeletons in deep wells, into which people had jumped
to try and escape.[/quote]
Further reading:
HTML https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-what-was-the-pal-dadhvav-massacre-whose-centenary-the-gujarat-govt-is-observing-7807499/
[quote]The Pal-Dadhvav massacre took place on March 7, 1922, in
the Pal-Chitariya and Dadhvaav villages of Sabarkantha district,
then part of Idar state.
The day was Amalki Ekadashi, which falls just before Holi, a
major festival for tribals. Villagers from Pal, Dadhvav, and
Chitariya had gathered on the banks of river Heir as part of the
‘Eki movement’, led by one Motilal Tejawat. The movement was to
protest against the land revenue tax (lagaan) imposed on the
peasants by the British and feudal lords.
Tejawat, who belonged to Koliyari village in the Mewad region of
Rajasthan, had also mobilised Bhils from Kotda Chhavni, Sirohi,
and Danta to participate. The impact of the protest was felt in
Vijaynagar, Dadhvaav, Poshina and Khedbrahma, which are now
talukas of Sabarkantha; the Aravalli districts, Banaskantha and
Danta of Banaskantha district; and Kotda Chhavni, Dungarpur,
Chittor, Sirohi, Banswada and Udaipur of Rajasthan, all of which
were then princely states.
Tejawat had been outlawed by the Udaipur state, which had
announced a Rs-500 reward on his head.
The Mewad Bhil Corps (MBC), a paramilitary force raised by the
British that was on the lookout for Tejawat, heard of this
gathering and reached the spot.
An account in the Gujarati book ‘Gujarat na Krantiteertho’
(Gujarat’s revolution pilgrimages) (2009), written by Gujarat
Sahitya Akademi chairperson Vishnu Pandya and his late wife
Arti, says, “On a command from Tejawat, nearly 2000 Bhils raised
their bows and arrows and shouted in unison- ‘We will not pay
the tax’. The MBC commanding officer, HG Sutton, ordered his men
to fire upon them. Bullets rained on them but where could they
go? There was a stampede.”
Nearly 1,000 tribals (Bhils) fell to bullets, writes Pandya.
Pandya’s account, collected from government gazettes and local
historians, says others jumped into two wells. Tejawat was shot
at twice, but was taken to safety by the villagers on a camel.
He later “returned to the spot to christen it ‘Veerbhumi’.”
While the British claimed some 22 people were killed, the Bhils
believe 1,200-1,500 of them died. In the Jallianwala Bagh
massacre of April 13, 1919, 500-1,000 people are said to have
been killed after General Reginald Edward Dyer’s forces opened
fire on peaceful protesters.[/quote]
NEVER FORGIVE. NEVER FORGET.
#Post#: 13151--------------------------------------------------
Re: Colonial crimes | DW Documentary
By: christianbethel Date: April 29, 2022, 5:35 pm
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[quote author=rp link=topic=208.msg5298#msg5298 date=1617570248]
"Human Zoos"
HTML https://twitter.com/africanarchives/status/1373604481972178945?s=20
"Oddly it was Hitler who first banned them"
[/quote]
And now Wikipedia has the audacity to call the German Africa
Show a 'human zoo'. Fúcking búllshít.
#Post#: 13181--------------------------------------------------
Re: Colonial Crimes
By: 90sRetroFan Date: May 2, 2022, 10:10 pm
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HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=egHEsQfvIdw
HTML https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Cxi8_nzWIAAqJrv.jpg
#Post#: 13464--------------------------------------------------
Re: Colonial Crimes
By: 90sRetroFan Date: May 19, 2022, 9:10 pm
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Scandinavia-worshipping False Leftists need to pay attention:
HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ri20jd4iFk
NEVER FORGIVE. NEVER FORGET.
#Post#: 13465--------------------------------------------------
Re: Colonial Crimes
By: rp Date: May 19, 2022, 9:17 pm
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Unfortunately, the presenter herself is a False Leftist, as she
blames "imperialism" instead of colonialism.
#Post#: 14054--------------------------------------------------
Re: Colonial Crimes
By: Zea_mays Date: June 13, 2022, 7:36 pm
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After "saving" the world from supposed world domination and
concentration camps, the UK sent 10% of the population of Malaya
to concentration camps, in order to maintain a hold on their
global empire.
The UK and US were, of course, two of the first nations to
implement the modern notion of concentration camps, 50 years
prior.
[quote]The Briggs Plan (Malay: Rancangan Briggs) was a military
plan devised by British General Sir Harold Briggs shortly after
his appointment in 1950 as Director of Operations during the
Malayan Emergency (1948–1960). The plan aimed to defeat the
Malayan National Liberation Army by cutting them off from their
sources of support amongst the rural population.[1] To achieve
this a large programme of forced resettlement of Malayan
peasantry was undertaken, under which about 500,000 people
(roughly 10% of Malaya's population) were forcibly transferred
from their land and moved to newly-constructed settlements known
as "New villages".[2] During the Emergency, there were over 400
of these settlements. Furthermore, 10,000 Malaysian Chinese
suspected of being communist sympathisers were deported to the
People's Republic of China in 1949.[3] The Orang Asli were also
targeted for forced relocation by the Briggs Plan because the
British believing that they were supporting the communists.[4]
Many of the practices necessary for the Briggs Plan were
prohibited by the Geneva Conventions and customary international
law which stated that the destruction of property must not
happen unless rendered absolutely necessary by military
operations.[5][/quote]
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briggs_Plan
[quote]The Malayan Emergency, also known as the Anti–British
National Liberation War (1948–1960), was a guerrilla war fought
in British Malaya between communist pro-independence fighters of
the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA) and the military
forces of the British Empire and Commonwealth. The communists
fought to win independence for Malaya from the British Empire
and to establish a socialist economy, while the Commonwealth
forces fought to combat communism and protect British economic
and colonial interests.[1][2][3] The conflict was called the
"Anti–British National Liberation War" by the MNLA,[4] but an
"Emergency" by the British, as London-based insurers would not
have paid out in instances of civil wars.[5]
[...]
During the first couple of years of the war, the British forces
responded with a terror campaign characterised by high levels of
state coercion against the civilian population.[43] Police
corruption and the British military's widespread destruction of
farmland and burning of homes belonging to villagers rumored to
be helping communists, led to a sharp increase in civilians
joining the communist forces.[43]
[...]
During the Malayan Emergency, Britain was the first nation to
employ the use of herbicides and defoliants to destroy bushes,
food crops, and trees to deprive the insurgents of cover and as
part of the food denial campaign in the early 1950s. The 2,4,5-T
and 2,4-D (Agent Orange) were used to clear lines of
communication and wipe out food crops as part of this strategy
and in 1952, trioxone, and mixtures of the aforementioned
herbicides, were sent along a number of key roads.
[...]
Britain also set up a "resettlement" programme, which provided a
model for the Americans' Strategic Hamlet Program in
Vietnam.[/quote]
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Emergency
While many Malayans resisted the Japanese, WWII was of critical
importance to the morale of the anti-colonial struggle:
[quote]The rout by the Japanese of the British in the early part
of World War II. For many Malayans this dispelled a myth of
British omnipotence.[/quote]
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumstances_prior_to_the_Malayan_Emergency
#Post#: 14487--------------------------------------------------
Re: Colonial Crimes
By: 90sRetroFan Date: July 4, 2022, 8:32 pm
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HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1uRhiY-fXM
NEVER FORGIVE. NEVER FORGET.
#Post#: 14488--------------------------------------------------
Re: Colonial Crimes
By: guest78 Date: July 4, 2022, 9:22 pm
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How Britain Started the Arab-Israeli Conflict | Free Documentary
History
[quote]The bitter struggle between Arab and Jew for control of
the Holy Land has caused untold suffering in the Middle East for
generations. It is often claimed that the crisis originated with
Jewish emigration to Palestine and the foundation of the state
of Israel. Yet the roots of the conflict are to be found much
earlier – in British double-dealing during the First World War.
This is a story of intrigue among rival empires; of misguided
strategies; and of how conflicting promises to Arab and Jew
created a legacy of bloodshed which determined the fate of the
Middle East.[/quote]
HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXfuqUhzESg
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