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#Post#: 20420--------------------------------------------------
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
DIR By: antihellenistic
Date: June 16, 2023, 8:27 pm
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Purpose of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
--- Quote ---
> American commitments to NATO were born out of the fear that
communism would spread in Europe. However, communism was seen to
pose a threat not just to “freedom” — but specifically to White
freedom, as historian Tyler Stovall and others have shown.
>
> In the U.S. South, communism was seen as synonymous with
desegregation. Looking abroad, arch-segregationist Sen. James
Eastland (D-Miss.) in 1947 explained his support for U.S.
commitments to Europe:
>
> … there is more slavery on the earth today than at any
previous time in the world’s history … communism is the greatest
of all enslavers [because] Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia are
the first nations in modern history which have recognized and
practiced the doctrine of human slavery as applied to the white
race. (Note: Emphasis is the author’s.)
>
> [color=red][b]2. Defending European democracy meant
reinforcing colonization elsewhere[/b][/color]
>
> NATO was born as an alliance that protected — and even funded
— European colonization. As explicated during the 1948
congressional hearings on the Marshall Plan, the United States
believed that Europe’s postwar economic recovery was crucial to
resisting communism. Britain, for instance, was to recover
through recolonizing Malaya and its strategic resources — rubber
and tin. British-controlled Malaya was the second-highest
exporter to the United States before Japan’s takeover in World
War II. Reestablishing this “triangular trade” was so important
that the United States indirectly assisted the suppression of
independence movements in colonial Southeast Asia, culminating
in the Vietnam War.
>
> As one senator would explain during the congressional
hearings:
>
> [Y]ou have got Europe … able to maintain herself because of
her foreign investments. Those foreign investments are largely
gone. … [I]f western Europe and the white race in particular is
to carry on, it has got to be done by … extension of the new
colonial empire … [to] the nations in Africa. (Note: Emphasis is
the author’s)
>
> 3. Western civilization is code for Whiteness
>
> In ways similar to the selective empathy shown toward Ukraine
today, early advocates of establishing NATO argued that
communism posed a threat to “Western civilization” — a dog
whistle for Whiteness.
>
> “Race” has never been denoted solely by skin color but has
always been defined in ways relying on a wide range of physical
characteristics such as the shape or size of someone’s nose,
eyes or even skull. It has always relied on cultural markers,
such as clothing, diet, behavior, origin, ancestral heritage or
other cultural traits to mark one group as distinct and inferior
or superior from another.
>
> “Western civilization” is a term that posits liberal ideals as
the unique heritage of White people. For example, in 1949, one
senator justified the creation of NATO by saying:
>
> There is not a member of the Senate who does not stem from one
of [the North Atlantic] countries. His forebears came from
Europe. … We are the result. … [T]his is our hour not to fail
civilization. Three hundred million persons … believe in the
great common principles which the race has developed and
inherited through generation after generation.” (Note: Emphasis
is the author’s)
--- End Quote ---
HTML https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/04/11/nato-ukraine-refugees-whiteness/
#Post#: 20421--------------------------------------------------
Re: NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
DIR By: antihellenistic
Date: June 16, 2023, 8:56 pm
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--- Quote ---
> North Atlantic Treaty
>
> They are determined to safeguard the freedom, common heritage
and civilization of their peoples, founded on the principles of
democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law.
--- End Quote ---
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization Signed In Washington D.C.
On April 4, 1949 Is On Display At The Summit Meeting Of NATO
Heads Of State And Government Strasbourg, France / Kehl, Germany
April 3 4, 2009 On Behalf Of The People Of The United States Of
America
HTML https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/history_pdf/20161122_E1-founding-treaty-original-treaty_NN-en.pdf
--- Quote ---
> Let us consider for a minute other parts of the treaty, in
order to give me an opportunity to make plain the point I am
seeking to make. I am very much impressed especially by the
preamble of the treaty, and article 2, neither of which has
anything to do with military aid; They do strike a note,
however. which means that we are trying to say that we propose
to defend our so-called western tradition, which is the
culmination of a thousand years, certainly, for the
Anglo-Saxon people, of blood, sweat, tears, and suffering, in
order that the sacred rights of the individual may be
preserved. Of course i.f it is necessary to preserve them by
war, we can do so; but there are other ways to protect those
sacred traditions.
>
> The preamble of the North Atlantic Treaty, which I shall read
for the purposes of the RECORD, is as follows:
>
> The parties to this treaty reaffirm their faith in the
purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations
and their desire to live in peace with all peoples and all
governments.
>
> They are determined to safeguard the freedom, common heritage,
and civilization of their peoples, founded on the principles of
democracy, individual liberty, and the rule of law.
>
> They seek to promote stability and well-being in the North
Atlantic area.
>
> They are resolved to unite their efforts for collective
defense and for the preservation of peace and security.
>
> They therefore. agree to this North Atlantic treaty: ...
--- End Quote ---
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE July 11, 1949 Vol. 95, Part 7 —
Bound Edition
HTML https://www.congress.gov/bound-congressional-record/1949/07/11/senate-section
#Post#: 20424--------------------------------------------------
Re: NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
DIR By: antihellenistic
Date: June 16, 2023, 10:06 pm
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The example of Aristotelianism on International Level
--- Quote ---
> Looked at from the perspective of social identity theory, U.S.
policies in both regions become less puzzling. Once the North
Atlantic was constructed as a region that put the United States
in a grouping of roughly equal states with whom it identified,
multilateral organizing principles followed closely. As Ernest
Bevin, the British foreign minister put it, bilateral relations
imposed by the strongest power, similar to what the Soviets were
doing in Eastern Europe, are "not in keeping with the spirit of
Western civilisation, and if we are to have an organism in the
West it must be a spiritual union .. . it must contain all the
elements of freedom for which we all stand."61 U.S.
policymakers agreed, believing that the Europeans could be
trusted with the additional power a multilateral institution
would give them and that the Europeans deserved this increased
influence.
>
> Lacking strong identification, the United States did not,
however, apply the same liberal principles when it came to
organizing the newly created Southeast Asian region. Once
Southeast Asia, in the view of U.S. policymakers, was
constructed as a region composed of alien and, in many ways,
inferior actors, bilateralism followed closely. U.S.
policymakers did not believe that the Southeast Asian states
could be trusted with the increased influence a multilateral
institution would offer, nor was there any sense that these
states deserved such a multilateral structure.
>
> What was the basis for the identification of the United States
with Europe and the lack thereof in its relations with Asia? The
available evidence is relatively sketchy and permits only
cautious inferences. In their identification with Europe, U.S.
officials typically refer to religion and democratic values as
the bedrock of a North Atlantic community. A common race is
mentioned, though less often, perhaps because Germany's
genocidal policies in the 1940s had thoroughly delegitimated
that concept in European political discourse.62 Perceived
affinities of various types reinforced the political trust
rooted in common democratic political institutions,
"we-feeling," and "mutual responsiveness" that Karl Deutsch and
his associates have described as central ingredients of the
emergence of a North Atlantic security community, defined by the
existence of dependable expectations of peaceful change.63 In
the case of Asia, these various affinities and trust were
absent, religion and democratic values were shared only in a few
cases, and race was invoked as a powerful force separating the
United States from Asia. The U.S. preference for multilateral or
bilateral security arrangements followed from these different
constellations.
--- End Quote ---
Why is There No NATO in Asia? Collective Identity, Regionalism,
and the Origins of Multilateralism Christopher Hemmer and Peter
J. Katzenstein Page 14
HTML https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B8BE13AF44D732DD9E749E7AE9A861EB/S002081830244180Xa.pdf/why-is-there-no-nato-in-asia-collective-identity-regionalism-and-the-origins-of-multilateralism.pdf
#Post#: 20428--------------------------------------------------
Re: NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
DIR By: antihellenistic
Date: June 16, 2023, 11:54 pm
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--- Quote ---
> C.D. Jackson, an adviser to President Eisenhower and a patron
of Western development theorist in the 1950s, evoked these
feminine characteristics when he observed that "the Western
world has somewhat more experience with the operations of war,
peace, and parliamentary procedures than the swirling mess of
emotionally super-charged Africans and Asiatics and Arabs that
outnumber us.
--- End Quote ---
Conflict After the Cold War: Arguments on Causes of War and
Peace by Richard K. Belts page 242
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