URI:
   DIR Return Create A Forum - Home
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       True Left
  HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       *****************************************************
   DIR Return to: Ancient World
       *****************************************************
       #Post#: 16615--------------------------------------------------
       Pre-Islamic vs Islamic Persia
   DIR By: 90sRetroFan
       Date: November 23, 2022, 2:34 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       We already know all we need to know about Cyrus II:
  HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/ancient-world/the-ancient-rolemodels-of-our-enemies/msg15700/#msg15700
       but now the anti-regime protestors in Iran are also trying to
       portray Sassanid Persia in a positive light as a way to infer
       that Iran should never have been Islamized. The Sassanids
       themselves also portrayed their own dynasty as a revival of the
       Achaemenids (to whom Cyrus II belonged). So let's do a quick
       refresher:
  HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasanian_Empire#In_Jewish_history
       --- Quote ---
       > Important developments in Jewish history are associated with
       the Sassanian Empire. The Babylonian Talmud was composed between
       the third and sixth centuries in Sasanian Persia[161] and major
       Jewish academies of learning were established in Sura and
       Pumbedita that became cornerstones of Jewish scholarship.[162]
       Several individuals of the Imperial family such as Ifra Hormizd
       the Queen mother of Shapur II and Queen Shushandukht, the Jewish
       wife of Yazdegerd I, significantly contributed to the close
       relations between the Jews of the empire and the government in
       Ctesiphon.[163]
       --- End Quote ---
  HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iran#Sassanid_period
       --- Quote ---
       > Shapur I (Or Shvor Malka, which is the Aramaic form of the
       name) was friendly to the Jews. His friendship with Shmuel
       gained many advantages for the Jewish community. According to
       rabbinical sources Shapur II's mother was Jewish, and this gave
       the Jewish community relative freedom of religion and many
       advantages.
       > ...
       > The wife of Yazdgerd I and the mother of Bahram V was
       Shushandukht who was the daughter of Exilarch Huna b. Nathan.
       Shushandukht secured many benefits for the Jewish community and
       ordered construction of Jewish neighborhoods in Shushtar, Susa,
       Hamedan and Isfahan.
       --- End Quote ---
       In contrast:
       --- Quote ---
       > After the Islamic conquest of Persia, Jews ... were assigned
       the status of dhimmis, inferior subjects of the Islamic empire.
       ... they were prohibited from bearing arms, riding horses,
       testifying in courts in cases involving a Muslim, and frequently
       required to wear clothes that clearly distinguished them from
       Muslims.
       --- End Quote ---
       And guess who rescued the Jews?
       --- Quote ---
       > inequality remained in force until the Mongol invasion.[28]
       > ...
       > One of the Ilkhanate rulers, Arghun Khan, even preferred Jews
       and Christians for administrative positions and appointed Sa'd
       al-Daula, a Jew, as his vizier.
       --- End Quote ---
       Fortunately:
       --- Quote ---
       > The appointment, however, provoked resentment from the Muslim
       clergy, and after Arghun's death in 1291, Sa'd al-Daula was
       murdered and Persian Jews suffered a period of violent
       clergy-instigated persecutions from the Muslim populace. The
       contemporary Christian historian Bar Hebraeus wrote that of the
       violence committed against the Jews during that period "neither
       tongue can utter, nor the pen write down".[30] Ghazan Khan's
       conversion to Islam in 1295 heralded for Persian Jews a
       pronounced turn for the worse, as they were once again relegated
       to the status of dhimmis.
       --- End Quote ---
       Are we seeing a pattern yet?
       It gets better with the rise of Shia over Sunni:
       --- Quote ---
       > Further deterioration in the treatment of Persian Jews
       occurred during the reign of the Safavids who proclaimed Shi'a
       Islam the state religion.
       > ...
       > the Shah forced Jews to wear a distinctive badge on clothing
       and headgear.
       --- End Quote ---
       Guess who rescued the Jews this time round?
       --- Quote ---
       > Jews formed close ties with the British and provided banking
       support and intelligence for them.[36]
       > ...
       > In 1876 in accordance to pressure from Moses Montefiore the
       Iranian government improved the living conditions of the Jews
       and reduced their taxes. In 1881 Sir William Taylour Thomson
       finally succeeded to force the Shah to abolish the Jizya tax for
       the Persian Jewry[43]
       --- End Quote ---
       Are we seeing a pattern yet?
       --- Quote ---
       > Elyas a Jewish banker for the British Residency in Bushehr
       "was attacked for doing its business in the bazaar." Anti-Jewish
       acts were sometimes linked to resentment of European powers.[50]
       In this time Iranian Jews who were aware of the growing
       influence of European Jews in global affairs turned to them for
       assistance. In 1840 the Jewish community of Hamedan sent an
       envoy, Nissim Bar Selomah, to meet Western Jewry. He went to
       England and met with Moses Montefiore, who provided
       "certificates" against the accusations of the Jews.[51]
       >
       > From 1860 many attempts were made by the Persian Jewish
       community to secure assistance from European Jews against
       Muslims.
       --- End Quote ---
       Next thing you know:
       --- Quote ---
       > By 1905, many Jews of Isfahan were trading opium. This
       commerce which was very profitable, involved trade with India
       and China. The head of Isfahan Jewry was known to have contacts
       with house of David Sassoon.[34]
       --- End Quote ---
       (See also:
  HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/true-left-vs-false-left/jews-have-nothing-in-common-with-us!/msg15910/#msg15910<br
       />)
       Which brings us back to:
       --- Quote ---
       > The Pahlavi dynasty implemented modernizing reforms, which
       greatly improved the life of Jews. The influence of the Shi'a
       clergy was weakened, and the restrictions on Jews and other
       religious minorities were abolished.[62] Reza Shah prohibited
       mass conversion of Jews and eliminated the Shi'ite concept of
       ritual uncleanness of non-Muslims.[citation needed] Modern
       Hebrew was incorporated into the curriculum of Jewish schools
       and Jewish newspapers were published. Jews were also allowed to
       hold government jobs.[6] In 1915 two Jewish brothers, Mordechai
       and Asher ben Avaraham, opened the first Jewish newspaper called
       "Shalom". These changes moved the balance of power in the Jewish
       community from elders and Rabbis to the youth. Establishment of
       Zionist Organization of Persia further accelerated this transfer
       of power to the young Jews. The Jews of Persia understood that
       "Zion" is the biblical name of Jerusalem and Zionism
       demonstrates that end of exile and the beginning of redemption.
       The Persian Zionist Aziz ben Yona Naim wrote in the early 1920s
       :"Zionism is nothing but a new name and new institution, for the
       Zionist idea has been present in Jewish thought for over two
       thousands years."[63] In the wake of Zionist activity, many Jews
       emigrated to Palestine. Many Persian Jews were poorer than their
       European brethren but nevertheless they enthusiastically bought
       Shekels, contributed to the national funds, and sought to be
       represented at Zionist Congress held in Europe.
       --- End Quote ---
       See also:
  HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/issues/dress-decolonization/msg16111/#msg16111
  HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/issues/psychological-decolonization/msg16127/#msg16127
       So, back to the present, can you figure out who will benefit the
       most if the current Islamic Republic is overthrown in Iran?
       #Post#: 16639--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Pre-Islamic vs Islamic Persia
   DIR By: guest78
       Date: November 24, 2022, 1:02 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       "Next thing you know...."  ;D
       #Post#: 19842--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Pre-Islamic vs Islamic Persia
   DIR By: 90sRetroFan
       Date: May 24, 2023, 3:34 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Our enemies admit that medieval Persians were less patriarchist
       than medieval Icelanders:
  HTML https://vdare.com/articles/swahili-dna-tests-reveal-long-standing-turpitude-of-academe
       --- Quote ---
       > The engaging webzine Ancient Origins, which I also recommend,
       has a more readable version of the Nature article: Ancient DNA
       is Restoring the Origin Story of the Swahili People of the East
       African Coast (by Chapurukha Kusimba, March, 2023).
       >
       > Contradicting what we had expected… our genetic analysis
       identified… that the overwhelming majority of male-line
       ancestors came from Asia, while female-line ancestors came from
       Africa. This finding must reflect a history of Persian males
       traveling to the coast and having children with local women.
       >
       > The Ancient Origins article reasonably proposes, because so
       much of the folk habits, including the status of Shirazi women,
       resemble East Africa generally, that this intermarriage was
       peaceful. In societies built on slave raiding, like Iceland, the
       women are more likely to submit to the culture of the capturers.
       --- End Quote ---
       Background:
  HTML https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05754-w
       Contrast also with Spanish colonies (where the indigenous women
       also submitted to the culture of the "white" conquistadors):
  HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/colonial-era/aztecs-arrival-of-cortes-and-the-conquistadors/
       Or, for that matter, with British colonies:
  HTML https://trueleft.createaforum.com/colonial-era/colonialism-and-sexism/msg13115/#msg13115
       *****************************************************
       Page 1 of 1