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       #Post#: 358--------------------------------------------------
       Special Sensory Perception
   DIR By: AGelbert
       Date: June 15, 2022, 3:11 pm
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       [center]Which Animals Use Starlight to Help with Navigation?
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       It’s not rocket science, but a male dung beetle’s quest to
       navigate a newly-formed ball of dung in a straight line -- in
       order to avoid marauders who might steal the dung, and to get
       back to his mate as quickly as possible -- does require a
       certain amount of expertise in celestial navigation. In a 2013
       study published in Current Biology, zoologist Marie Dacke’s team
       determined the dung beetle can find its way using only the Milky
       Way as a guide. Birds, seals, and humans have been known to use
       stars for navigation, but this was the first evidence that
       insects can do so, too.
       [center]
  HTML https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/CSIRO_ScienceImage_10809_Dung_beetle_Onthophagus_nigriventris.jpg[/center]
       [center]Dung beetle [I]Onthophagus nigriventris[/I][/center]
       [move]Rollin', rollin', rollin': ;D[/move]
       [center]
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       • Researchers placed African dung beetles in a planetarium, and
       found that they could navigate just as easily with only the
       Milky Way visible as with a full starlit sky. Under overcast
       conditions, the beetles lost their way.
       • Dacke's previous research showed that dung beetles use the
       Moon and celestial polarization patterns to keep moving in a
       straight line. Now they know that nocturnal beetles can stay on
       course even on moonless nights.
       • “It was assumed insects could not use the stars because their
       eyes don’t have the resolution to see them,” explains Dacke.
       Navigating using the entire Milky Way eliminates the need to see
       individual stars, she says.
  HTML http://www.wisegeek.com/which-animals-use-starlight-to-help-with-navigation.htm
       [center]
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       [center]Now you know the dung beetles look at, and make use of,
       the Milky Way. [/center]
       #Post#: 359--------------------------------------------------
       Lateral Line: A “Sixth Sense” for Fish (And Other Cool Tricks)
   DIR By: AGelbert
       Date: June 15, 2022, 3:43 pm
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       June 11, 2022 By David Coppedge
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       [center]
  HTML https://evolutionnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Lateral_line_01.jpg[/center]
       [center]Lateral Line: A “Sixth Sense” for Fish (And Other Cool
       Tricks)[/center]
       SNIPPET:
       Have you ever heard of the “lateral line”? No, it’s not a
       football play. It’s a sense organ shared by most fish, from
       sharks to salmon to goldfish.
       From 🐟 Gills to Tail
       The lateral line has been called a “sixth sense” for fish. It
       runs from gills to tail along the sides of the fish, right in
       the middle. You can see it when you catch a trout. Or in the
       case of a goldfish, it’s visible in the photo above. A page from
       the University of Minnesota Sea Grant describes this amazing
       organ:
       Sometimes referred to as the “sense of distant touch,” lateral
       lines convert subtle changes in water pressure into ⚡
       electrical pulses similar to the way our inner ear responds to
       sound waves. Running lengthwise down each side of the body and
       over the head, these pressure-sensing organs help their owners
       avoid collisions, participate in schooling behavior, orient to
       water currents, elude predators, and detect prey.
       --- Quote ---
       > Lateral lines are composed of neuromasts (hair cells
       surrounded by a protruding jelly-like cup) that usually lie at
       the bottom of a visible pit or groove. These hair cells — the
       same sensory cells found in all vertebrate ears — convert
       mechanical energy into electrical energy when moved. Presumably,
       auditory and lateral line pathways evolved in close association
       since they share many features. [Emphasis added.]
       --- End Quote ---
       You can shrug off that fish story about how it evolved
  HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-250817121649.png.<br
       />What’s remarkable is that this organ constitutes an
       analog-to-digital converter, as pressure waves (analog) are
       converted to electrical signals. Actually, we all have that
       capability in our skin, as Science reports — a fact that has
       inspired Stanford engineers to create “electronic skin”:
       Human skin relies on cutaneous receptors that output digital
       signals for tactile sensingin which the intensity of stimulation
       is converted to a series of voltage pulses. We present a
       power-efficient skin-inspired mechanoreceptor with a flexible
       organic transistor circuit that transduces pressure into digital
       frequency signals directly.
       Back to fish and the lateral line. News from the University of
       Florida showed two researchers using lasers to try to understand
       how the lateral line works. One of them, Dr. James Liao, calls
       it a “hydrodynamic antenna” that is “configured to receive flow
       signals,” according to Physical Review Letters. A diagram at
       Wikipedia shows how many components are involved in this complex
       sensory apparatus.
       Swim Muscles
       Another little-known fact about fish is how their muscles are
       arranged. Have you ever cooked salmon and wondered about those
       stripes in the muscle? Those are called myomeres. See the good
       diagrams and photos on Earthlife.net, which points out that
       “Gram for gram fish have more muscle than any other vertebrate,
       a male salmon or tuna can be nearly 70 percent muscle, which is
       one reason why fish are so good to eat.” &#128523;
       Read more:
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  HTML https://evolutionnews.org/2022/06/lateral-line-a-sixth-sense-for-fish-and-other-cool-tricks/
       [move]David Coppedge &#128077; is a freelance science reporter
       in Southern California. He has been a board member of Illustra
       Media since its founding and serves as their science consultant.
       He worked at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for 14
       years, on the Cassini mission to Saturn, until he was ousted in
       2011 for sharing material on intelligent design, a
       discriminatory action that led to a nationally publicized court
       trial in 2012. Discovery Institute supported his case, but a
       lone judge ruled against him without explanation. A nature
       photographer, outdoorsman, and musician, David holds B.S.
       degrees in science education and in physics and gives
       presentations on ID and other scientific subjects.[/move]
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