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#Post#: 1041--------------------------------------------------
This Sandgrouse Just Took the Royal Society to Design School
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: May 11, 2023, 9:54 pm
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[center]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-230922131603.jpeg[/center]
[center]This Sandgrouse Just Took the Royal Society to
[glow=green,2,300]Design[/glow] School
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-050422145533-5682069.png[/center]
[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/DvmLKmyHNgU[/center]
Discovery Science 198K subscribers
1,392 views May 3, 2023 ID The [glow=green,2,300]Future[/glow]
Podcast
Today’s ID the Future takes a look at how scientists from MIT
and Johns Hopkins University are picking up clever engineering
tricks by studying the feather design of the Namaqua sandgrouse.
Ordinary bird feathers are already a master class in ingenious
design, but as Jochen Mueller and Lorna Gibson show in a recent
Royal Society Interface paper, the males of this desert-dwelling
sandgrouse from southwestern Africa “have specially adapted
feathers on their bellies that hold water, even during flight,
allowing the birds to transport water back to the chicks at the
nest.” Episode guest Brian Miller details the ingenious design
of these feathers and tells how they are inspiring human
inventions, one of which could help desert communities collect
water[Read More ›](
HTML https://idthefuture.com/1744/)
#Post#: 1173--------------------------------------------------
The Pentadactyl 🐋 Whale Flipper: An Engineering
☝🏻 Masterstroke
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: July 12, 2023, 3:08 pm
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[center][img
width=640]
HTML https://preview.redd.it/whales-have-arm-wrist-finger-bones-in-their-front-fins-this-v0-fw7idblmba0a1.jpg?auto=webp&s=75e6fcd7c48472cdb55851680da0db410bd9ab17[/img][/center]
[center]The Pentadactyl 🐋 Whale Flipper: An
[glow=teal,2,300]Engineering ☝🏻
Masterstroke[/glow][/center]
[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/DvmLKmyHNgU[/center]
[glow=teal,2,300]Discovery Science[/glow] 202K subscribers Jul
12, 2023 [glow=green,2,300]ID The Future Podcast[/glow]
Does the five-digit design of the whale flipper, curiously akin
to the five-digit design of so many different kinds of animal
limbs, point to [glow=red,2,300]evolutionary common
descent[/glow]?
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-050422132341.gif<br
/>That was [glow=red,2,300]Charles Darwin’s argument[/glow], and
the [glow=red,2,300]argument is a 😈 staple of high
school and college biology textbooks[/glow]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-120422122316-661919.bmp.<br
/>But no, says distinguished British engineer Stuart Burgess
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-110422180554-644315.gif<br
/>on today’s ID the Future in his conversation with host Eric
Anderson. The repeated recurrence of the [b]pentadactyl form is
better explained by reference to the idea of common
[glow=teal,2,300]design[/glow].[/b] That is, a
[glow=teal,2,300]☝🏻 master designer[/glow] reused
the pentadactyl design theme because it achieves an optimal
trade-off between strength on the one hand (no pun intended) and
suppleness or dexterity on the other. And yes, Burgess says, the
giant flipper on a whale needs to be not just incredibly strong
but also supple to allow the whale to maneuver adroitly through
the water. This [glow=teal,2,300]reuse of a good design
concept[/glow] shouldn’t surprise us, Burgess says. Just as
human engineers reuse the concepts of the wheel, axle, nut and
bolt, or pulley, so too the designer of life reuses shrewd
engineering solutions in widely different applications, in each
case adapting the design concept for the particular use.
Burgess also rebuts the [glow=red,2,300]claim[/glow] that whales
have vestigial pelvic bones from a land-dwelling ancestor.
He then moves from the big to the small, pointing to more
positive evidence 👨‍🔬🔬 in favor of
[glow=teal,2,300]common ☝🏻 design[/glow] (over
[glow=red,2,300]Darwinian common descent[/glow]) in marsupial
and placental rats and in a protein machine best known for one
job but that has been found to “moonlight” doing a very
different job in a very different biological context.
Tune in to hear Burgess unpack the [glow=teal,2,300]full
argument[/glow]. The conversation took place at the 2023
Conference on Engineering in Living Systems (CELS) in Denton,
Texas.
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-040422164616-5368.jpeg<br
/>AGelbert NOTE: For those with hearing and/or patience problems
(i.e. 🦍 [glow=red,2,300]Evolution[/glow]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-040622202527-13931485.png<br
/>[glow=red,2,300]Propaganda[/glow] Caused low attention
span...😉), these VERY SHORT videos will dispell any
🤷‍♂️ doubts you may have about
whether or not [glow=red,2,300]ALL the claims made by
evolutionists[/glow] about "whale evolution"
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-020623143433.png<br
/>are
👉
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-050422144955.bmp.<br
/>[center]
[center]Is Homology Evidence for Evolution?
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-050422132459.gif[/center]
[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/lk1gDk1wGhQ[/center]
[center]Whale Evolution: Good Evidence for Darwin?
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-280622170247.jpeg[/center]
[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/wq_oYftA2ow[/center]
#Post#: 1214--------------------------------------------------
"When it comes to intelligent design, Wikipedia and its
axe-grinding editors are ridiculously biased and unfair."
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: August 2, 2023, 4:46 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
[center]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-140922195114.png[/center]
July 26, 2023, 1:08 PM by [glow=teal,2,300]David
Klinghoffer[/glow]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-120422122733-6851207.png
[center]On [glow=teal,2,300]ID[/glow],
[glow=red,2,300]Myth[/glow] Persists that
[glow=maroon,2,300]Wikipedia[/glow] Is 👨‍🔬
Reliable, though Co-Founder Has Called It “Appallingly
Biased”[/center]
SNIPPETS:
A thoughtful reader discovered Sanger’s candid comment after he
(the reader) sought to [glow=green,2,300]edit[/glow] the
[glow=red,2,300]entry[/glow] on ID. He says he corrected the
absurdly biased opening sentence, only to find his edits almost
instantly reversed, “within one minute.”
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-080422121331.gif<br
/>The first sentence of the entry reads:
--- Quote ---
> [glow=maroon,2,300]Intelligent design (ID) is a religious
argument for the existence of God, presented by its proponents
as “an evidence-based scientific theory about life’s
origins”,[1][2] though it has been found to be
pseudoscience.[3][4][5] [/glow]
--- End Quote ---
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-090422150144.png<br
/>Why It Matters
This matters for an obvious reason: countless people curious
about ID receive their introduction to the subject via a Web
search that starts, thanks to Google, with a visit to the
Wikipedia article. Many will stop right there. Many science
reporters and others in the media — heck, many professional
scientists 🤦‍♂️ — seem to have
informed themselves on the topic by going no further than
Wikipedia. ... ...
A
[glow=red,2,300]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-120422122619-6812456.gif<br
/>Wizard[/glow] Pulls the Plug on Dr. Bechly
Indeed. We’ve already recounted how distinguished
paleo-entomologist Günter Bechly, after coming out for
[glow=teal,2,300]intelligent design[/glow], found his entry
[glow=red,2,300]deleted[/glow]. This was following a surreal
online editorial discussion led by an editor going by the
pseudonym
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-120422122619-6812456.gif[glow=red,2,300]<br
/>Jo-Jo Eumerus[/glow]. Jo-Jo is a self-described 23-year-old
“boy” from Switzerland with a dual online identity as a
500-year-old wizard. Under this other identity, the wizard
Septimus Heap, Jo-Jo explains of himself that, having been
“diagnosed with Asperger syndrome,” he “sometimes [has] problems
with society due to this.” Certainly he had a problem with
Günter Bechly. The editors claimed the move to delete the entry
was the result of their sudden realization that Bechly isn’t
“notable” enough for Wikipedia. The notability argument is a
joke, and even Darwinists conceded that Bechly was [b]deleted
for his support of [glow=teal,2,300]ID[/glow].[/b]
It was Jo-Jo who made the final decision to permanently pull the
plug on Dr. Bechly’s entry. The disparity in expertise — wizard
versus paleo-entomologist — is blindingly obvious. Bechly
changed his views on evolution and ID while serving as a curator
at the State Museum of Natural History in Stuttgart, Germany,
where he amassed an extremely impressive scholarly record
studying the evolution of dragonflies over tens of millions of
years. As Jo-Jo says of his own daily activities, “Nowadays, I
mostly spend my time with World Building projects and seeing a
bit forward with life.”
For more on Bechly’s turn to ID, see here:
[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/fqiXgtDdEwM[/center]
Read more:
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-040422164718-540294.gif
HTML https://evolutionnews.org/2023/07/on-id-myth-persists-that-wikipedia-is-reliable-though-co-founder-has-called-it-appallingly-biased/
Learn more:
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-040422164520-5301778.gif<br
/>
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-040422164555-532108.png
HTML https://intelligentdesign.org/
#Post#: 1261--------------------------------------------------
An organism’s sensors must be able to differentiate between self
and non-self.
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: August 24, 2023, 5:02 pm
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[center]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-140922195114.png[/center]
August 21, 2023, 6:54 AM by [glow=teal,2,300]David
Coppedge[/glow]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-120422122733-6851207.png
[center]
HTML https://evolutionnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/2560px-Cape_Elephantfish.jpg[/center]
[center]Elephantfish[/center]
[center]Noise Cancellation: A Remarkable ☝🏻 Design
Solution in [glow=green,2,300]Biology[/glow][/center]
SNIPPET:
Snakes should be immune to their own poison. Electric eels
should not shock themselves. And protection from self-generated
noise requires a preplanned noise cancellation system.
In a Dispatch in Current Biology, Leonard Maier discussed a
biological requirement many don’t think much about: how to
ignore your own noise. Eliminating self-generated noise, he
says, is accomplished by “Active Sensing.”
--- Quote ---
> Animals use active sensing to investigate their environment.
The active sense inputs must be discriminated from those arising
independently from environmental signals. An experimental and
modelling study has revealed how precise control of dendritic
spike backpropagation contributes to such discrimination.
[Emphasis added.]
--- End Quote ---
... ...
Noise-Cancelling Fish
To find that biology uses noise cancellation is both surprising
and logical. An organism’s sensors must be able to differentiate
between self and non-self. Muller et al. made their discovery
about signal backpropagation by experimenting on mormyrid fish.
These are weakly ⚡ electric fish that can generate
currents as well as passively receive them. The “elephantfish”
is an example of a mormyrid.
Neuroscientists have found mormyrids useful for studying
biological signal processing, because the fish sends out ⚡
electric pulses that need to be attenuated by the brain, and
receives ⚡ signals from conspecifics and from prey. Maier
explains why a noise cancellation system had to exist. Sadly, he
gives credit to [glow=maroon,2,300]evolution[/glow]
🤦‍♂️ for a system that acts with
“surgical precision” —
Full article:
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-040422164555-532108.png
HTML https://evolutionnews.org/2023/08/noise-cancellation-a-remarkable-design-solution-in-biology/
#Post#: 1281--------------------------------------------------
Amazing Animals, Obvious ☝🏻 Design
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: September 2, 2023, 6:03 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
[center]Amazing Animals,[glow=teal,2,300] Obvious
☝🏻 Design[/glow] | Creation.Live Podcast: Episode
6[/center]
[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/qiS1hcXdNHk[/center]
[glow=blue,2,300]Institute for Creation Research (ICR)[/glow]
28.8K subscribers Sep 23, 2022 Creation.Live
From the pets in our backyard to the creatures that dwell deep
within the ocean, the world is home to a fascinating variety of
animals. Where did they come from? Why do they seem so perfectly
designed to fill their roles?
Join us as [glow=teal,2,300]Dr. Jobe Martin[/glow]
🕊️ shares his personal story about the evolution
of a creationist and how particularly unique
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-160614020827.gif<br
/>creatures challenged his beliefs about the world. Hosts Trey
and
Ivana learn about a number of intriguing animals from Dr. Martin
and ICR zoologist [glow=teal,2,300]Dr. Frank Sherwin[/glow]
🕊️ in this episode of Creation.Live.
#Animals #Bible #Zoology #CreationDotLive #Podcast #Creationism
#Science #Evolution #CL #ICR #Biology
Related resource: God's Living Treasures: Amazing Animals of
Alaska Vol. 1 | Get the DVD here:
HTML https://store.icr.org/gods-living-treasures-amazing-animals-of-alaska.html
God's Living Treasures: Amazing Animals of Alaska Vol. 2 | Get
the DVD here:
HTML https://store.icr.org/copy-of-gods-li...
God's Living Treasures: Amazing Animals of Alaska Vol. 3 | Get
the DVD here:
HTML https://store.icr.org/gods-living-tre...
---
Do you have questions about science or Scripture? Post them in
the comments and we might answer them in future episodes.
Tune in every fourth Friday to catch the next episode on
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Podcasts, and Google Podcasts. Or visit our website to find us
on other platforms:
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Don't forget to subscribe to our channel to get notified about
all of our upcoming episodes!
Thank you for watching the Creation.Live Podcast!
---
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Support our ministry:
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Plan your visit to our Dallas creation museum and planetarium:
HTML https://discoverycenter.icr.org/
#Post#: 1307--------------------------------------------------
🤔 Can Palindrome DNA CODE patterns form by random
undirected processes? 📢 NO WAY!
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: September 12, 2023, 3:57 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
[center][b](Long Story Short, Ep. 10)
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-110422180554-644315.gif[/center]
[center]The [glow=teal,2,300]Information Codes[/glow] Inside
Your Body[/center]
[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/FjDc6jBtJSw[/center]
1,938 views Sep 12, 2023
Inside your body a massive amount of encoded information that
makes your life possible. Your body also contains sophisticated
computer-like hardware that reads this coded information and
builds the things you need for a living system. Explore the
mystery of the amazing information codes inside you in this
first installment of the "Codes of Life" mini-series produced as
part of the "Long Story Short" show on YouTube.
Watch all of the episodes of "Long Story Short" through its
🧐 playlist:
• Long Story Short
HTML https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLR8eQzfCOiS0AfFPsMAUYr_VVkpU13uv9<br
/>
============================
The Discovery Science News Channel is the official Youtube
channel of Discovery Institute's Center for Science & Culture.
The CSC is the institutional hub for scientists, educators, and
inquiring minds who think that nature supplies compelling
evidence of intelligent design. The CSC supports research,
sponsors educational programs, defends free speech, and produce
articles, books, and multimedia content. For more information
visit
HTML https://www.discovery.org/id/
HTML http://www.evolutionnews.org/
HTML http://www.intelligentdesign.org/
#Post#: 1333--------------------------------------------------
✨ God of
🌳🌺🐦🦋🦁🐠🐳❄️🌻🌿🌾🌞
Wonders (2008)
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: September 24, 2023, 1:19 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
[center][glow=green,2,300]✨ God of
🌳🌺🐦🦋🦁🐠🐳❄️🌻🌿🌾🌞
Wonders (2008) [/glow][/center]
[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/6NIB_n8Y66o[/center]
[glow=teal,2,300]Christian[/glow] Movies 955K Dec 19, 2020
The natural universe reveals God's power, majesty, wisdom, and
creative genius. The human conscience reveals God's justice and
man's need for redemption. Finally, [glow=blue,2,300]Jesus
Christ [/glow]is the ultimate revelation of God's love for us.
Stars: [glow=teal,2,300]John Whitcomb 🕊️, Dan
Sheedy 🕊️, Don B. DeYoung
🕊️[/glow]
#Post#: 1347--------------------------------------------------
Join Calvin Smith as he delves into the intricate world of bees,
showcasing their astonishing design and intelligence.
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: October 3, 2023, 3:29 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
[center]Sorry, 🙊🙉🙈 Evolutionists:
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-110422205132-649552.gif<br
/>Bees DESTROY Your Entire Worldview
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-120422122720-6841842.png[/center]
[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/KoBTZx_vISw[/center]
[glow=green,2,300]Answers in Genesis[/glow] Canada 44.7K
subscribers Sep 29, 2023
Join Calvin Smith as he delves into the intricate world of bees,
showcasing their astonishing design and intelligence. Witness
first-hand how these incredible creatures defy the simplistic
explanations of evolution. Explore the compelling evidence that
points towards a masterful Designer behind the complexity and
beauty of bees.
Subscribe to us for more high-quality biblical videos every
week.
Love our content? Help us to continue to proclaim the gospel and
the authority of the Bible—from the very first verse—without
compromise using apologetics by partnering with us here:
HTML https://answersingenesis.ca/donate
_____________
🔹 DIGGING DEEPER: Want deeper answers to your
theological questions? Visit
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🔹 BLOG: See Calvin Smith’s weekly apologetics articles
here:
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a free copy of Calvin’s eBook, “Fellow Biblical Creationists! -
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🔹ANSWERS TV: Get equipped to defend the gospel of Jesus
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content from Answers in Genesis, the Ark Encounter, Creation
Museum, and other Ministries worldwide. Start your free trial
today at
HTML https://www.answers.tv
#Post#: 1352--------------------------------------------------
Berlinski: Why Humans Are Unique in the World of Matter
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: October 8, 2023, 10:55 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
[center]Berlinski: Why Humans Are Unique in the World of
Matter[/center]
[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/HlW2ya3LARU[/center]
[glow=blue,2,300]Discovery Science[/glow] 208K Oct 2, 2023
[glow=teal,2,300]ID The Future Podcast[/glow]
Eminent paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that humans
differ only in degree, not kind, from other organisms, and to
think otherwise betrays an ancient and outdated prejudice. But
does this match up with what science has revealed in the last
century? On this ID The Future, we are pleased to share the
first half of an engaging conversation between Dr. David
Berlinski and host Eric Metaxas on the subject of Berlinski's
recent book Human Nature. Some argue that humans are growing
more peaceful, enlightened, and improved by the year, and that a
coming technological singularity may well usher in utopia.
Berlinski isn't buying it. "There is no society without its
underlying ideology," he writes in Human Nature. A universal
civilization requires a universal theory, and the prevailing
grand narrative preferred by most materialist scientists today
is fueled largely by Darwin's theory of evolution. But is the
world of matter the only world that matters? In this
conversation and in his book, Berlinski argues that human beings
have a fundamental essence that is radically different from the
essence of other organisms and that cannot be changed at will.
It's a view that is supported by the latest evidence about life
and the universe in biology, chemistry, physics, and even
cosmology. And it represents a fatal flaw in the Darwinian
story. This is Part 1 of a 2-part conversation. Watch the
conversation in video form on YouTube.
[center]Berlinski: Men Are Not About to Become Like
Gods[/center]
[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/tDmdiLxakrE[/center]
[glow=blue,2,300]Discovery Science [/glow]208K Oct 4, 2023
[glow=teal,2,300]ID The Future Podcast[/glow]
Are humans progressing morally as well as materially? What does
it mean to be human in the cosmos? On this ID The Future, we
bring you the second half of a stimulating conversation between
Dr. David Berlinski and host Eric Metaxas on the subject of
Berlinski's recent book Human Nature. In Human Nature, Berlinski
argues that the utopian view that humans are progressing toward
evolutionary and technological perfection is wishful thinking.
Men are not about to become like gods. "I'm a strong believer in
original sin," quips Berlinski in his discussion with Metaxas.
In other words, he believes not only that humans are
fundamentally distinct from the rest of the biological world,
but also that humans are prone to ignorance and depravity as
well as wisdom and nobility. During the second half of their
discussion, Berlinski and Metaxas compare and contrast the ideas
of thinkers like psychologist Steven Pinker, author Christopher
Hitchens, and physicist Steven Weinberg. The pair also spar
gracefully over the implications of human uniqueness. Berlinski,
though candid and self-critical, is unwilling to be pigeonholed.
The result is an honest, probing, and wide-ranging conversation
about the nature of science and the human condition. This is
Part 2 of a two-part interview.
[glow=teal,2,300]49 Episodes of ID The Future Podcasts[/glow]
HTML https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLR8eQzfCOiS3fiBRb-gUgOtVJmV4qZVb7<br
/>
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-110422180553-636818.gif
#Post#: 1452--------------------------------------------------
This very early and abrupt appearance of the highly complex
holometabolan metamorphosis represents one of the many examp
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: November 15, 2023, 11:57 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-140922195114.png
November 10, 2023, 6:44 AM by [glow=teal,2,300]Günter
Bechly[/glow]
[center]Fossil Friday: How the Caterpillar Got Its Legs, or
Not[/center]
[center]
HTML https://evolutionnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/caterpillar.jpg[/center]
SNIPPET:
This Fossil Friday features a caterpillar trapped in
45-million-year-old tree resin of Eocene Baltic amber. A
caterpillar of course looks very much different from the
butterfly into which it eventually develops. The
[glow=blue,2,300]wonderful metamorphosis of caterpillars into
butterflies[/glow] was first discovered by the British physician
William Harvey (1651) and Dutch biologist Jan Swammerdam (1669),
and famously featured in paintings by the pioneer entomologist
Maria Sybilla Merian in her book Metamorphosis insectorum
Surinamensium (Merian 1705).
The more primitive groups of insects like roaches, locusts,
cicadas, and bugs have a so-called hemimetabolous development,
where the nymph is similar in body plan to the adult insect, and
with each molting grows in size and especially in length of the
wing sheaths. However, most insect species, and indeed most
animals on our planet, belong to Holometabola, the clade of
insects with complete metamorphosis, which includes lace wings,
beetles, bees and wasps, mosquitoes and flies, scorpionflies and
fleas, as well as caddisflies and butterflies. In these insects
the larva has a very different body plan from the adult insect.
After the final larval stage there is a resting stage called
pupa or chrysalis, in which the larval body is mostly dissolved
into a kind of cell soup and rearranged into the adult body
plan. This miraculous development was featured in the Illustra
Media documentary Metamorphosis (Illustra Media 2011,
Klinghoffer 2011) and poses a considerable
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-040622202747-14142220.bmp<br
/>conundrum for [glow=maroon,2,300]evolutionary
biologists[/glow].
The Nature of the
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-080822134118-1710799.gif<br
/>Conundrum
Only three hypotheses for the evolution of metamorphosis in
insects have been presented: one, which suggests that the
holometabolan larva is equivalent to the hemimetabolan nymph,
fell out of favor decades ago. Another hypothesis suggested that
the holometabolan caterpillar originated from a weird
hybridization event of an insect with a velvet worm (Williamson
2009), which is generally considered as preposterous nonsense
(Giribet 2009; also see Evolution News 2011). The currently
preferred hypothesis is based on very old ideas of Harvey (1651)
and Berlese (1913), which were further developed and elaborated
by Truman & Riddiford (1999, 2002, 2019, 2022). Their so-called
pronymph hypothesis suggests that the juvenile stages of
hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects are not homologous,
but that only the hemimetabolan pronymph is equivalent to the
caterpillar larva, and the multiple nymphal instars are all
equivalent to the pupal stage (also see Grimaldi & Engel 2005).
However this hypothesis faces two formidable challenges:
1. The proymph is a non-feeding final embryonic stage, lacking
functional mouth parts, which hatches from the egg and
immediately molts into the first nymphal instar. The caterpillar
larva is a pure feeding stage, basically a gut with legs. How
could one [glow=maroon,2,300]evolve[/glow] into the other with
functional and advantageous intermediate forms?
2. Likewise, how could a single pupal stage, in which the
complete body plan is dissolved and rearranged (including even
the brain, see Truman et al. 2023 and Saplakoglu 2023),
[glow=maroon,2,300]evolve[/glow] via viable transitional forms
from a normal series of nymphal instars that gradually transform
into the adult with each molting? This appears to be not just
unlikely but inconceivable and virtually impossible. Therefore,
this hypothesis is controversial even among mainstream
biologists, who have raised many objections to the
interpretation of the pupa as only nymphal stage (e.g., DuPorte
1958). All that [glow=maroon,2,300]evolutionists[/glow] have to
offer are vague speculations such as this: “Perhaps 280 million
years ago, through a chance mutation, some pro-nymphs failed to
absorb all the yolk in their eggs, leaving a precious resource
unused. In response to this unfavorable situation, some
pro-nymphs gained a new talent: the ability to actively feed”
(Jabr 2012). Easy peasy.
Anyway, we should expect that such a marvellous mode of
development [glow=maroon,2,300]evolved[/glow] from normal
nymphal stages, if at all, after hundreds of millions of years
of gradual change. However, that is not at all what the fossil
record shows.
Full article: 👨‍🔬🔬
HTML https://evolutionnews.org/2023/11/fossil-friday-how-the-caterpillar-got-its-legs-or-not/
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