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#Post#: 171--------------------------------------------------
TUDCA
By: Road2HardCoreIron Date: May 6, 2018, 11:40 am
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Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is an ambiphilic bile acid. It
is the taurine conjugate form of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA).
Humans are found to have trace amounts of TUDCA. However, bears
contain large amounts of TUDCA in their bile; UDCA and
conjugates comprise about 47% of the bile in American black
bears and up to 76% in Asiatic bears.[1] TUDCA has been used in
ancient Asian pharmacopoeias for its supposed beneficial
effects. UDCA is produced in several countries for the treatment
of gallstones and liver cirrhosis. It is not approved by the
Food and Drug Administration, in the U.S. while UDCA is approved
in the United States for the treatment of primary biliary
cirrhosis[2][3] Ongoing research is finding TUDCA has
diminishing apoptotic effects, helping with cardiac function,
Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke.[4]
Recently, TUDCA has been found to have protective effects in the
eye, especially concerning retinal degenerative disorders.
Contents [hide]
1
History
2
Cellular mechanism
3
Current research
3.1
Photoreceptor cells
3.2
Choroidal neovascularization
3.3
Synaptic connectivity
4
See also
5
References
History[edit]
Chinese medicine has used animal bile for hundreds of years as a
medicine to treat "heat" illnesses. It was used to relieve
spasms, reduce fever, and improve visual acuity. Bile is
naturally synthesized via cholesterol, consisting of compounds
including taurochenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, and
chenodeoxycholic acid.[5] However, UDCA and TUDCA were first
synthetically developed in 1954 in Japan.[4]
Cellular mechanism[edit]
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is largely influenced by
the mitochondria. If the mitochondria are distressed, they
release the molecule cytochrome C (cyC). Cytochrome C initiates
enzymes called caspases to propagate a cascade of cellular
mechanisms to cause apoptosis. TUDCA prevents apoptosis with its
role in the Bax pathway. Bax, a molecule that is translocated to
the mitochondria to release cytochrome C, initiates the cellular
pathway of apoptosis.[4] TUDCA prevents Bax from being
transported to the mitochondria. This protects the mitochondria
from perturbation and the activation of caspases.[6] TUDCA acts
as a chemical chaperone.
Current research[edit]
Studies in recent years are continually showing ocular
protective effects via TUDCA.
Photoreceptor cells[edit]
A study examined the effects of TUDCA on cones, in relation to
retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a disease in which retinal rods and
cones undergo apoptosis. Mice models were used, a wild-type and
a mutant RP model, rd10. Both models were injected with TUDCA
every 3 days from post-natal day 6 (p6) to p30 and compared to
the vehicle. Electroretinography (ERG), photoreceptor cell
counts, cone photoreceptor nuclei counts, and TUNEL labeling
were all analyzed to show the effects of TUDCA. The dark-adapted
and light-adapted ERG responses were greater in the TUDCA
treated mouse than the vehicle treated mouse. TUDCA treated mice
also had more photoreceptor counts, yet non-altered retinal
morphology or function. Even at P30, a stage where rod and cone
function is usually greatly diminished in the rd10 mouse model,
the photoreceptor function was protected.[7]
Another study, from the Department of Ophthalmology at Johns
Hopkins University, in Baltimore, Maryland, saw similar effects
in two components of bile, bilirubin and TUDCA, in relation to
RP. Oxidative stress and prolonged light exposure were studied
in rd10 mice and albino mice. In rd10 mice, intraperitoneal
injections of bilirubin or TUDCA were given every 3 days
starting at P6. This caused a considerable preservation in cone
cell amount and function at P50, and a modest rod cell amount at
P30. In the albino mice models, intraperitoneal injections of
bilirubin or TUDCA were given prior to prolonged light exposure.
Both treatments had positive effects on the health of the mouse
retina, including a reduced accumulation of superoxide radicals,
rod cell death, and disruption of cone inner and outer segments.
The findings of the study are elucidating optimized conditions
for RP treatment[8]
Choroidal neovascularization[edit]
A study done at the Department of Ophthalmology at Seoul
National University College of Medicine, examined the effects of
TUDCA and UDCA on laser-treated choroids of rat models. Argon
lasers were used to induce choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in
rat models. TUDCA and UDCA were injected intraperitoneally 24
hours before and daily after the laser treatment. Fourteen days
after laser-treatment, the eyes were examined for effects.
Fluorescein angiography showed lower leakage from the CNV in
UDCA and TUDCA treated groups than the control group.
Additionally, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels
in the retina were examined and showed lower levels in the TUDCA
treated group compared to the control group, whereas no effect
in the UDCA treated group. TUDCA and UDCA may suppress CNV
formation, which may be associated with its anti-inflammatory
effects.[9]
Synaptic connectivity[edit]
A study from the Department of Physiology in University of
Alicante, in Alicante, Spain, shows the effects of TUDCA in the
P23H transgenic rat, a model of autosomal dominant retinitis
pigmentosa. The transgenic rats were injected with TUDCA once a
week starting from P21 until P120, along with
vehicle-administered controls. At P120, the functionality of the
retina was examined via ERG and immunoflourescent microscopy.
The amplitude of the a- and b- waves were considerably higher in
TUDCA treated rats, compared to the control group. Photoreceptor
density in the center of the retina was three-fold greater in
TUDCA treated rats. Also, TUNEL results showed smaller amounts
of TUNEL-positive cells. The synaptic contacts amongst
photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, and horizontal cells were
preserved in the TUDCA treated P23H rats. Additionally, the
synaptic terminals in the outer plexiform layer were of greater
density that in control rats. The neuroprotective effects of
TUDCA are not only preserving retinal morphology and function,
but also its synaptic contacts, a potentially useful aspect in
delaying RP.[10]
See also[edit]
Taurolithocholic acid
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid, an epimer
References[edit]
Jump up
^ Boatright, Jeffrey H.; Nickerson, John M.; Moring, Anisha G.;
Pardue, Machelle T. (2009). "Bile acids in treatment of ocular
disease". Journal of Ocular Biology, Diseases, and Informatics.
2 (3): 149–159. doi:10.1007/s12177-009-9030-x. PMC
2798994 . PMID 20046852.
Jump up
^ Boatright JH, Nickerson JM, Moring AG, Pardue MT (2009). "Bile
acids in treatment of ocular disease". J Ocul Biol Dis Infor. 2
(3): 149–159. doi:10.1007/s12177-009-9030-x. PMC 2798994 .
PMID 20046852.
Jump up
^ Duan, WJ, Zhang, FK, Ou XJ, Zhang, T, Wang, XM, Wang, Y, Cui,
Y, Zhao, XY, Jia, JD (2011). "[The clinical profiles of primary
biliary cirrhosis with a suf the best sup around for saving the
liver from alcohol or oral cycles.
#Post#: 856--------------------------------------------------
Re: TUDCA
By: Rot-Iron66 Date: June 27, 2022, 3:39 am
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Ive always used the capsules.
I just got the powder (Nutricost) and have been adding it to my
Intra, but good-lord is this stuff awful tasting.
Ill be going back to the capsules when this is used up.
Ruins the whole tase of any drink. :(
#Post#: 858--------------------------------------------------
Re: TUDCA
By: Road2HardCoreIron Date: June 27, 2022, 4:19 am
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Yes bad enough you taste it on the capsules. I can't think
without. It lingers in your mouth for awhile.
#Post#: 1562--------------------------------------------------
Re: TUDCA
By: Max Plateman Date: November 16, 2022, 8:44 pm
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What doses are you guys taking and when?
#Post#: 1573--------------------------------------------------
Re: TUDCA
By: Road2HardCoreIron Date: November 17, 2022, 11:51 am
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I use 250 x2 a day. This time. I' going to follow up with my 3
month TRT labs
#Post#: 1574--------------------------------------------------
Re: TUDCA
By: Road2HardCoreIron Date: November 17, 2022, 11:52 am
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I'm using UDCA THE PHARMA brand.
[quote author=Big Chicken link=topic=171.msg1573#msg1573
date=1668707496]
I use 250 x2 a day. This time. I' going to follow up with my 3
month TRT labs
[/quote]
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