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#Post#: 3069--------------------------------------------------
Re: Batteries
By: AGelbert Date: May 2, 2015, 7:41 pm
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[center]GMP to sell new Tesla home storage batteries[/center]
John Herrick May. 1 2015, 6:47 pm 6 Comments
Tesla’s Powerwall. Courtesy of Tesla (at link).
Vermont’s largest electric utility announced Friday it is
partnering with Tesla Motors Inc. to sell batteries that store
solar electricity for residential use.
Green Mountain Power will begin offering Tesla’s Powerwall home
battery units to customers this fall in Rutland. The batteries
store excess power coming from the grid or net-metered renewable
energy generation projects to then be used during an outage or
when wind and solar energy is not available.
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The batteries can also be recharged at night when Vermont’s
utilities pay less for power, and supply power when prices are
high during peak demand, a process known as “load shifting.” GMP
says it will encourage customers draw electricity from the
batteries during peak demand to reduce transmission and capacity
costs, which are passed onto customers. The batteries can also
be use to power homes during outages.
“This is a great example of how Vermont is leading the way with
real-world solutions to a more sustainable future,” GMP
President and CEO Mary Powell said. “We want to create a new
definition of resiliency, where we move away from the
100-year-old grid system to a new electric system where energy
is generated and used closer to home.”
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The Powerwall is a rechargeable lithium-ion battery pack that is
mounted on a wall to harness excess electricity. Tesla sells a
10 killowatt-hour for version $3,500 or a 7 kWh version for
$3,000. The batteries are warrantied to last 10 years. Tesla
says it will recycle the batteries.
The 7 kWh unit can power essential services in a home such as
the lights, furnace and refrigerator for about six hours during
an outages, according to Kristin Carlson, a GMP spokeswoman.
She said 80 percent to 90 percent of the utility’s outages last
two hours or less.
GMP will receive its first Powerwalls in October. It will
distribute 400 to customers in Rutland and later statewide. GMP
will offer product incentives combined with on-bill financing,
the company says.
Carlson said the company aims to charge customers between $3,500
to $4,500 for the battery, an AC-DC inverter and installation.
She said the company can subsidize the batteries because they
could reduce peak power costs to the utility.
After the 10-year life of the battery, Tesla will pick up the
battery from the customer and recycle it, Carlson said.
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Tesla announced its home storage system Thursday in California.
HTML http://vtdigger.org/2015/05/01/gmp-to-sell-new-tesla-home-storage-batteries/#comment-229026
#Post#: 3074--------------------------------------------------
Re: Batteries
By: AGelbert Date: May 3, 2015, 6:21 pm
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[quote author=Eddie link=topic=559.msg74447#msg74447
date=1430669902]
Of course the recycling promise completely depends on the
continuation of Tesla Motors as a going concern, and there is
exactly one company in the US (maybe in the world, not sure)
that recycles LI-Ion batteries. (Toxco)
HTML http://auto.howstuffworks.com/can-electric-car-batteries-be-recycled.htm
HTML http://auto.howstuffworks.com/can-electric-car-batteries-be-recycled.htm
I hope they do keep going, as someone who is on his second car
with batteries (first with LI-Ion since the Prius has NiMH's)
but I'm not counting on it. Ten years is a long promise. I still
think Edison cells make better sense for home power. The power
utilities should subsidize those.
When lithium-ion batteries reach a recycling plant, there are
two ways to pulverize them. If they are completely without a
charge, they're simply shredded so that the metal components,
like copper and steel, can be easily sorted out. If the
batteries could still possibly have a charge, though, they're
frozen in liquid nitrogen and smashed to frozen bits (cool!).
The liquid nitrogen is so cold, the batteries can't react, so
the smashing is safe. And probably fun. Then the metals are
separated out for reuse.
[/quote]
Eddie,
I think you are right in regard to PUBLIC ACCESS battery
technology. But the importance of this move by Tesla goes far
beyond the limits of battery technology BECAUSE it is a paradigm
shift in thinking about energy that the "dirty energy is the
only reliable energy" people DO NOT WANT us to think about.
The assumption most people HERE started out with when I began
posting about renewable energy 3 years ago was that NO WAY, JOSE
for renewable energy's "drop in the bucket".
Look how things have changed in just 3 YEARS. It's over for
dirty energy, Eddie. THAT is the subtext. THAT s what I am
celebrating. THAT is what relegates all the "math doers"
claiming this, that and the other about the "viability" of
fossil fuels SQUARELY to the fringe whacko group that THEY had
previously brainwashed MOST PEOPLE HERE into believing was
applicable to the Renewable Energy crowd. :icon_mrgreen:
The unleashing in the next ten years of just a tiny portion of
all the suppressed (by the fossil fuel government for nearly a
century) renewable energy technologies, of which battery
technology is a small segment, is now happening.
The Renewable Energy Revolution will not be stopped this time,
UNLESS we have a global thermonuclear war. So, yeah, the fossil
fuelers have a genuine MOTIVE for wanting ALL OUT WAR. Never
mind that it will hasten our extinction. Those people have been
nuts from the start. I have yet to convince most people here of
that, as well. But nevertheless, people are starting to connect
the war loving, suicidal psychopath "dots" to the fossil fuel
government/lobby MO. I hope it's not to late to stop those
crazies.
The "DIRTY ENERGY IS THE ONLY RELIABLE ENERGY" folks will soon
be singing "I'm on the outside looking in."
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There are ALL SORTS OF NOVEL ideas popping up out there!
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-200714191456.bmp
Consider your place in Texas. Consider that you DO HAVE the
solar power and money to buy umpteen panels that YOU KNOW will
last 25 years PLUS with almost ZERO maintenance. :emthup:
Suppose you just use the bulk of them to pump water into a huge
tank. THAT TANK IS A BATTERY! That battery has INFINITE "charge"
cycles, Eddie. That BATTERY NEVER NEEDS TO BE "recycled"!
And how do you get juice from that "battery" at EXACTLY the
right voltage and amperage?
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A WATER POWERED GENERATOR!
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Here's a tiny one. It's very quiet and certainly won't power
most of your needs but it is a NO BRAINER that this technology
is SIMPLE and is EASILY scaled up to get your 15KW or so
household demand 24/7 come hell AND high water.
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/128fs318181.gif
And I don't need to tell YOU, in dry Texas, what ELSE you could
do with access to a LOT of stored water, do I? [img width=40
height=40]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-291014182422.png[/img]<br
/>[img width=40
height=40]
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/>
HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vEqSuTOKUEg&feature=player_embedded
HTML http://revolution-green.com/water-powered-generator/
HTML http://revolution-green.com/water-powered-generator/
And, by the way, if large water towers are not your cup of tea,
a GIANT water tank can be placed IN THE GROUND (out of sight and
out of sabotage access by vandals ;D) with a gravity powered
weight pushing DOWN on the water to give you water pressure for
your generator. This is a build and forget thing with zero
maintenance, for all practical purposes.
Many systems, up to the gigawatt generating level of underground
giant cylindrical weights in multiple cylindrical tanks have
been proposed. NO ADDED WATER is necessary after initial fill
up. You just raise the weight when you have excess solar power,
PERIOD. Of course, the fluid does not have to be water, but I
think water is the best to protect the environment in the case
of minor leaks.
Think BIG, Eddie. It ain't over yet!
#Post#: 3080--------------------------------------------------
Re: Batteries
By: AGelbert Date: May 4, 2015, 11:58 am
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SunEdison Recruits Imergy Flow Batteries for Microgrid Rural
Electrification Initiative
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After a pledge to power more than 20 million people in rural
India, SunEdison has partnered with Imergy to install hundreds
of solar-powered minigrid systems.
Meg Cichon, Associate Editor, RenewableEnergyWorld.com
March 25, 2015 | 8 Comments
Massachusetts, USA -- Earlier this year, SunEdison announced a
goal to bring power to 20 million people in rural India by 2020.
To forward this mission, it announced today that it will use
more than 1,000 flow batteries from Imergy Power Systems for its
solar-powered minigrid projects.
[img width=640
height=420]
HTML http://cdn5.triplepundit.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/imergy-esp30-300x224.jpg[/img]
The solar-powered minigrids are anchored to telecom towers near
remote villages with batteries typically ranging from 30 to 120
kWh. The system provides 24/7 power for the tower, while also
powering surrounding villages. Instead of purchasing expensive
kerosense or simply living in darkness, villagers are able to
charge their devices or wire lighting to the village itself.
According to Imergy CEO Bill Watkins, about 5,000 villages fit
this telecom model.
Imergy is no stranger to off-grid applications. It’s storage
technology has already been installed in both India and several
parts of Africa. While in the U.S., the Navy is currently
testing its applications in a smart microgrid project.
[img width=640
height=480]
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Its technology uses recycled vanadium from environmental waste,
which is stored in tanks and circulated during charge and
discharge cycles. Since the chemicals are stored in separate
tanks, the system can be scaled up or down fairly easily. And
while flow batteries have a shorter response time than other
battery technologies, they are ideal for off-grid applications,
according to Tim Hennessy, Imergy President and COO.
“We can scale energy. If you’re looking to store it for 24
hours, you can’t do it with other batteries or costs would
become exorbitant,” said Hennessey. “There is no software to
manage, a deep charge lasts all day long, and it can withstand
harsh environments.”
Back in December 2013, Imergy told REW that its costs were on
track to reach $300/kWh by 2015. Hennessey said that they are
still on track for that number to become a reality, but
emphasized that the industry needs to look at the levelized cost
of energy to understand true costs.
“Everyone talks about costs, [b]but the fact is that [vanadium
flow batteries] will last 20 years on energy storage cycle,
[i]and vanadium itself never wears out. [/I][/b]While
lithium-ion batteries may be ‘cheaper,’ they have a much shorter
lifespan and are less scalable,” said Hennessey. “We are
actually cheaper than other technologies over the lifetime of a
battery.”
But while everyone is interested in the technology and
economics, Watkins and Hennessey want to emphasize the
importance of these rural electrification projects.
Hennessey explained what he called the “battle of the last
mile.” When industry cannot justify extending transmission an
additional five miles, many villages are left in the dark.
However, when the villages get off-grid power, businesses start
to crop up and demand increases, which then eventually justifies
transmission investment. But since India’s transmission system
is so unreliable, these villages are now relying on renewable
energy systems, which are creating huge economical growth.
“The big picture here is the fact that so many people in this
world don't have electricity. When we enter these villages, it
gets very emotional — most of them has never seen electricity in
their lives,” Imergy's CEO Bill Watkins. “Yes, of course we want
to make money for investors, but this is a big deal…This is a
way to reach these people and have them be a part of the world —
we can’t even fathom the impact.”
HTML http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2015/03/sunedison-recruits-imergy-flow-batteries-for-microgrid-rural-electrification-initiative
#Post#: 3083--------------------------------------------------
Re: Batteries
By: AGelbert Date: May 4, 2015, 5:27 pm
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Tesla Energy: Will the Markets for Solar and Storage Include
Everyone in Need?
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Lewis Milford
May 04, 2015 | 2 Comments
Elon Musk’s Tesla Energy announcement to sell an affordable,
reliable battery system for solar energy storage in homes and
businesses is more important than all the hyped press even
suggests. But as extraordinary as the news is about how this
technology will impact our energy future, it leaves out some
important issues still to be sorted out.
At the top of the list is how these technology advances will
benefit people other than high-income homeowners and businesses
who are likely to be the first adopters of the product — how to
make these technologies available to the low- and middle-income
people who also need resilient power.
The news of Tesla opening up a new energy battery division,
called Tesla Energy, has captured the headlines and the
imagination. In a presentation reminiscent of Steve Jobs before
an adoring crowd, Musk gave an entertaining and direct talk
about the need for solar and battery storage to replace fossil
fuels and address climate change and to capture and store
electric power that can make homes and businesses more resilient
and independent from the power grid. It was an impressive show.
The product specifications are even more impressive. For a
cutting-edge and innovative product, the cost is low for a home
system, $3,500, with an inverter and installation adding to that
cost. That system will allow a home or business to island, to go
grid independent in case of a power outage. It will also enable
customers to reduce electric bills, especially very high demand
charges that can represent more than half of typical commercial
electric bill.
The announcement is part of a wave of good news about how solar
plus battery systems can reinvent the power system, reduce
pollution, and realign the relationship between electric
utilities and their customers.
But what is missing from this news is how new battery storage
technology can improve public safety — in virtually all
buildings that protect the public like fire and police stations,
schools and hospitals; and how this technology can benefit the
people who need access to low-cost and resilient power the most
— the underprivileged and largely forgotten poor, many who
already suffer high electric bills in places like affordable
housing and assisted living facilities. We need to ensure that
the larger public and the most vulnerable can get these
technology benefits along with high-end homeowners and
businesses.
Social equity is often a challenge during these new technology
transitions — the need to ensure that the arc of these new and
cleaner solar+storage technology markets benefits the general
public rather than only private commercial customers and the
affluent.
We need to direct these technologies to benefit all sectors of
society — not as an afterthought, but from the outset, as a
matter of foundational market and policy design. That has not
been the case with clean energy markets — the poor have usually
been left behind the technology curve.
As these energy storage technologies become available, we need
to make sure they are deployed to provide resilient power to
communities, to make sure that emergency services and public
infrastructure can benefit from reliable and affordable solar
plus storage technologies. Hospitals, schools, water treatment
plants, fire stations, elderly housing complexes, airports,
communications and transportation systems could all benefit from
these technologies. They all need reliable and affordable
electric power; they all need to function when the grid goes
down.
The good news is that Tesla seems driven to serve both private
enterprise and public benefits. Musk is a brilliant energy
innovator with a desire to solve large societal problems like
climate change. He is keeping his technology patents open. That
is to be commended.
What is also needed now is a commitment to ensure that new
energy storage markets also include the public sector — to
extend these economic and environmental benefits to the people
most in need now, and not have these benefits trickle down years
later, after the technologies have become mainstream.
The conversation about how to make that happen is an important
one that companies like Tesla need to have.
2 Comments
ANONYMOUS
May 4, 2015
Where has your voice for "social equity" been for the past
decade or so while the costs of fossil-fuel energy doubled for
everyone, placing the greatest burden on the people most in
need? Solar and wind power - and technology to store solar and
wind energy - promise strong elements of price stability and
predictability for everyone, including the economically
disadvantaged. Fossil fuel energy and its inherent price
volatility, unpredictability and massive subsidies are far more
serious problems for the poor than anything that could be
envisioned for modern clean energy technology.
A. G. Gelbert
May 4, 2015
Of course Renewable Energy should be made available to everyone.
This is where the insidious nature of town ordinances comes in.
NOBODY seems to want to ADMIT that the infrastructure, at
present, is tailored to promote the use of fossil fuels in homes
and businesses and make it rather challenging, to put it mildly,
to install Renewable Energy.
No town ordinance will stop you from doubling the size of your
fossil fuel burning furnace or installing a giant electricity
hog called a central air conditioning system.
Yet, just try to dig up the land to install a geothermal loop or
stick a large PV panel array on your lawn (because you want easy
access to it). How about the distance from the road that you are
required, by ordinance, to put up a tower for a wind turbine? Be
prepared to jump through several hoops, including peculiar ideas
of what is aesthetically acceptable and what is not.
People say this is just common sense. NO IT ISN'T. It's a
deliberate defense of an unsustainable energy status quo,
period. Hello, Colchester, Vermont. Are you listening? I am
certain that there will be some bureaucratic baloney thrown at
the Tesla Wall Battery, regardless of the fact that it is
unobtrusive. The old "licensed electrician must provide an
annual inspection of LARGE battery systems (see the Tesla
battery stats LOL!)" trick to generate local jobs for friends of
town counselors comes to mind.
All Renewable Energy installations should be protected from town
ordinances by Federal Law. But, of course, our bought and paid
for "democracy" hasn't gotten around to that, for some reason...
Change is coming IN SPITE OF irrational and environmentally
suicidal town ordinances. The fossil fuel government at every
level will not let go of its gravy train easily. But it will,
eventually, be forced to.
But for now, the poor are basically OUT of the Renewable Energy
loop BY profit over planet, predatory capitalist DESIGN.
100% of the people could have 100% Renewable Energy if the
Federal Reserve provided loans for Renewable Energy Systems at
the same low interest rate set for home mortgages. It's really
stupid that they don't. The massive number of jobs generated
from this giant transition would boost GDP. But some rich pigs
would lose profits. So it is not done. So it goes..
HTML http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/blog/post/2015/05/tesla-energywill-the-markets-for-solar-and-storage-include-everyone-in-need
#Post#: 3088--------------------------------------------------
Re: Batteries
By: AGelbert Date: May 6, 2015, 2:10 pm
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Ancient Greek Energy Storage Technology Challenges Tesla's
Batteries
Jeremy van Loon, Bloomberg
May 06, 2015
CALGARY -- A technology used in ancient Greece to power clocks
and fire a cannon is undergoing a revival as the world searches
for better ways to store energy from wind turbines and solar
panels.
[img width=640
height=430]
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Compressed air, already used to power carnival rides,
jackhammers and medical equipment, joins the crowded field of
innovations chasing what may be a $21.5 billion market in 2024.
[img width=640
height=420]
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Compressed air auto Citroen drive train
Contenders include Elon Musk, chairman of Tesla Motors Inc., who
this month unveiled a suite of batteries to store electricity
for homes, businesses and utilities.
While Tesla plans to begin delivering its rechargeable
lithium-ion model in late summer, compressed air storage
systems, or CAES, may have an edge.
The technology can be used to store large amounts of power for
weeks at less than the cost of batteries.
“You need bulk storage to support all the renewables and CAES is
pretty much the only technology to do that,” said Jim Heid, vice
president at Dresser-Rand Group Inc., a supplier of compressed
air products. “It’s a worldwide phenomenon because of all the
intermittent renewables coming online.”
[quote]
The mechanics are simple. Start with electricity from wind
turbines and solar panels to run compressors that fill man-made
caverns also used for natural gas storage. When the pressurized
air is released, it drives turbines that provide clean power
when the sun doesn’t shine and the wind doesn’t blow.
[/quote]
[img width=640
height=360]
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In less than a decade, annual investment in compressed air will
be almost $5 billion, according to Navigant Research. That will
support more than 11 gigawatts of installed capacity and help
renewable power developers match demand with supply.
Competition is stiff. Along with batteries, developers are using
everything from vats of molten salt to rooftop tanks filled with
ice to store energy, a market Navigant sees expanding about
35-fold by 2024 from $605.8 million this year.
Improvements Needed
Even supporters acknowledge that air storage needs to improve.
The systems currently return only about 60 percent of the power
used to fill caverns, according to Dresser-Rand.
“When you put in one unit of energy, you want to get one unit
out,” said Sam Shelton, senior fellow at the Strategic Energy
Institute at the Georgia Institute of Technology. “Air is not
very dense so compression storage is low efficiency. It’s all
economics.”
Advancements in technology will boost efficiency and eliminate
the need to heat the pressurized air with natural gas, reducing
carbon dioxide emissions. Developers are improving above-ground
vessels for smaller-scale applications.
“Overall it’s a market that has a couple of niches,” said Brian
Warshay, an analyst with Bloomberg New Energy Finance in New
York. “A lot depends on the location and the proximity to
demand.”
Two years ago, California regulators asked the state’s three
biggest utilities to add 1.33 gigawatts of energy-storage
capacity by 2020 -- about 20 percent more than currently exists
in the world, excluding pumped hydropower systems.
Rooftop Ice
Spain’s Abengoa SA is developing a solar-thermal project in
California that will incorporate power storage. Ice Energy
Holdings Inc., a Santa Barbara, California-based company, is
pioneering a storage method using rooftop ice to provide cooling
during the day.
The Greek inventor Ctesibius wrote studies on the science of
compressed air in the third century BC. The technology was used
in an alarm clock, a cannon that shot arrows and to open the
gates at the Temple of Alexandria.
Thanks to its scale, compressed air storage today offers a
solution to a challenge facing grid operators -- how to store
wind power at night when demand for electricity slumps, and
solar power for cloudy days.
Compressed air can store hundreds of megawatt hours of
electricity for weeks at a time. Batteries are useful for
smaller volumes for shorter periods, said Rocco Vita, director
of emerging technology at pipeline company Enbridge Inc., which
operates solar and wind farms across North America.
[img width=640
height=380]
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Texas Wind
Chamisa Energy, based in Santa Fe, New Mexico, is seeking to
raise about $400 million to build a compressed air project in
the Texas Panhandle that can store wind energy at night and
release it when turbines are still.
[img width=640
height=380]
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“We’re surrounded by some of the best wind in the U.S. and the
wind often blows in the off-peak,” said Alissa Oppenheimer,
managing director at Chamisa. “There are numerous times of the
day when the price of wind is negative.”
Investors, who may not understand the advantages of the
technology or are concerned that air storage systems are
inefficient, have been slow to commit, Oppenheimer said.
Dresser-Rand built one of the world’s two commercial compressed
air systems in Alabama in 1991 and is currently working on other
projects in Texas, said Heid. In Alabama, Power South Energy
Cooperative’s 110-megawatt system stores enough energy from
nearby power plants to power 110,000 homes. The world’s first
commercial application of the technology was in Germany in 1978
with a 290-megawatt plant.
Surplus Energy
In Canada, Ontario’s grid operator wants to add 16 megawatts of
storage, including CAES, to cope with a supply surge from wind
turbines and solar panels. ;DNRStor Inc., which is bidding for
the contract, expects the efficiency and cost of air storage to
improve.
Were Ontario to add 1,000 megawatts of compressed air storage,
consumers would save C$8 billion ($6.6 billion) over 20 years,
said NRStor Chief Executive Officer Annette Verschuren. With the
system she’s proposing, stored air could turn turbines for as
long as 300 hours.
“Ontario has really built up a lot of renewable energy and is
building up a lot more surplus energy,” Verschuren said. “We
would capture the night stuff, capture the weekend stuff and put
the energy on the grid during daytime.”
NRStor sees the price of compressed air systems falling fall to
one-tenth that of the expected $350 a kilowatt hour cost of
battery storage in 2022, said Verschuren. She declined to say
how much the Ontario project will cost.
Copyright 2015 Bloomberg
HTML http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2015/05/ancient-greek-energy-storage-technology-challenges-teslas-batteries
#Post#: 3089--------------------------------------------------
Re: Batteries
By: AGelbert Date: May 6, 2015, 9:36 pm
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Is Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) Scalable? Scalability is
actually what makes CAES cost effective. IOW, YES!
Compressed Air Energy Storage
Trishna Das
James D. McCalley
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa
2012
Agebert NOTE: VERY brief summary of this educational chapter. I
did not crunch any numbers. The math is above my skill set. :(
But I can read graphs and English quite well. ;D
[img width=640
height=520]
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SITES FOR CAES
CAES storage reservoirs for underground storage can be
classified into three categories: salt, hard rock, and porous
rock. These geologies are found to account for a significant
fraction of United States (Fig. 2). Previous studies indicate
that over 75% of the U.S. has geologic conditions that are
potentially favorable for underground air storage [18]. Fig. 3
(at link) shows different storage mediums throughout US.
DRAWBACKS OF CAES
Currently the major drawback for CAES is its dependability on
fuel source for the power generation. Natural gas prices
contribute to the economics of CAES. Like any energy conversion
system CAES also has its share of losses, thus working with an
efficiency percentage around 60 % to 70 %. Some of these
backlogs in CAES technology are currently overcome by enhanced
CAES configurations and concepts. These advancements are given
in a later section.
EFFECT OF CAES SIZING ON ECONOMICS AND PERFORMANCE
The CAES model developed is able to capture the influence of
storage reservoir dynamics on performance measures such as
demand met and input spillage percentage. From Fig.12, it is
seen that irrespective of turbine and compressor sizing, a good
enough reservoir volume is required to ensure effective
addressing of wind variability issues by CAES for this
particular wind farm.
EFFECT OF PRESSURE LIMITS ON ECONOMICS AND PERFORMANCE
We can notice that as the maximum pressure limit increases, the
revenue per year and the operational performance measures too
increase. So it corroborates the model‘s ability to account for
internal storage dynamics and their direct influence on CAES
operational and economic outcome.
Since the model has the ability to simulate CAES operation for
longer periods of time within reasonable simulation time while
also capturing finer second-second or few minutes variations, it
could enable performing very finer sub-hourly, say 5-mins, unit
commitment studies. Therefore the model can lend itself well in
long term production costing studies to evaluate generation
planning strategies.
ECONOMICS AND GRID BENEFITS EVALUATION USING PRODUCTION COSTING
[img width=640
height=380]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-060515221308.png[/img]
CASE STUDY
In IEEE 24-bus Reliability Test System (RTS) wind and CAES were
integrated and production costing studies were conducted. The
production costing study is an hourly simulation for 48 hours (2
days). The data for load and wind generation is taken from
Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) for Nov 2nd and 3rd in the
year 2010. This data was chosen as it covered good variation in
wind pattern. The program was developed using MATLAB with TOMLAB
optimization platform.
RESULTS: CAES OPERATION ANALYSIS
The production costing study was done with 25% wind capacity
penetration with wind farms at bus 17, 21, and 22, and a CAES at
bus 21. The turbine rating is 50 MW, compressor is 50 MW and the
storage reservoir is 200 MWh.The system contains various mix of
generation facilities such as 7 coal generation plants, 2
nuclear generations, 3 natural gas generations, 2 oil fired
plants with variable ramping rates, with CAES being the fastest
ramping unit. The total system generation without wind
generation and CAES unit is 3400MW.
[img width=640
height=680]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-060515221236.png[/img]
We can observe from Fig. 12 that during high wind spell of the
first day the compressor reduces the wind spillage by charging
the CAES reservoir, and thereby contributing to down-regulation
and earning revenue from the ancillary service market. CAES also
participates actively in providing spinning reserves and up
regulation, as seen from the plot for turbine.
From the above figures (in addition to figure 12 there are
others at the link) it confirms that with increase in wind
penetration CAES gains greater benefits from the grid
operations.
On the other hand, it is important to quantify how the grid
benefits by the installation of CAES unit.
Some of the metrics to quantify the grid benefits are
system production cost,
wind spillage percentage,
quality of regulation,
emissions,
transmission congestion relief,
system stability improvement and so on.
CAES sizing is a key issue that influences the grid benefits as
observed from Fig. 15 (at link). In Fig. 15 as the CAES sizing
is increased the wind spillage is reduced. At 10% wind capacity
penetration it is observed that the grid without CAES had 4% of
wind spillage and with increased CAES size the spillage was
reduced to nearly 0.5%. The blue curve in Fig. 15 shows wind
energy penetration for corresponding wind capacity penetration
in the system. It would be interesting to investigate the
correlation between the CAES sizing, and wind energy
penetration.
HTML http://www.desismileys.com/smileys/desismileys_0293.gif
CONCLUSIONS
In this chapter, a state space model for compressed air storage
technology was developed, which monitors the storage dynamics at
any instant of time in terms of the reservoir pressure and mass
of compressed air stored.
The model was validated using the operational curves from
Huntorf CAES. The CAES model developed is simulated as a
collocated facility to address the wind variability issue of a
particular wind farm. The model facilitates capturing storage
dynamics‘ influence on CAES‘s operational performance and
economic indices. Eventually some standard CAES configurations
consisting of variations in turbine, compressor and reservoir
ratings are simulated and a wide range of performance indices
are computed for assessing the worth of each configuration for
that particular geography.
From the results we understand that such a venture would require
huge investments with very long payback periods. Thus CAES
acting as an auxiliary support for individual wind farms may not
be as wise as investing in a system level CAES with higher
capacity.
Economic assessment of the storage benefits was studied with the
CAES model developed and incorporated into the production
costing program. The assessment platform with the unit
commitment and economic dispatch program modules dispatched the
CAES unit under [b]increasing wind penetration levels.
From the results we observe that CAES plays a vital role in the
ancillary and reserve markets with increasing wind penetration,
thereby benefitting grid as well as earning revenue to cover its
huge investment costs.
The profits earned by the CAES indicate that this venture would
be lucrative with the changing grid scenarios involving
increasing integration of variable generations. The study points
to an interesting direction that the CAES compressor providing
down regulation service is especially effective in absorbing the
high wind spells, [b]and thus reducing wind spillage and
providing economic and quick ramping regulation service to the
grid.
Storage‘s participation in ancillary services is attractive
because the new generation portfolio not only requires more
regulation services, but also higher ramping capabilities and
more operating reserves to counter the costs associated with
deeper and more frequent cycling of fossil units.
HTML http://home.eng.iastate.edu/~jdm/wind/Compressed%20Air%20Energy%20Storage_Chapter_TRISHNA%20DAS.pdf
#Post#: 3090--------------------------------------------------
Re: Batteries
By: AGelbert Date: May 7, 2015, 1:37 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
THE ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES PICTURE AS OF 2013
[img width=740
height=300]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-060515221001.png[/img]
Stored energy from the SURPLUS SUPPLY of Solar and Wind is the
answer to EXCESS DEMAND at ANY TIME in the day OR night. [img
width=75
height=50]
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/reading.gif[/img]
Dec. 6, 2014
Smooth Operators
Grid-scale storage
[quote][font=times new roman]"The world would no doubt be a
better place if the externalities imposed by fossil fuels were
properly accounted for in the price of electricity."
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/128fs318181.gif[/font][/quote]
HTML http://www.economist.com/news/technology-quarterly/21635331-matching-output-demand-hard-wind-and-solar-power-answer-store
The corporation referenced in the above article has done the
math. Here is how it works, followed by two videos from their
site. [img width=75
height=50]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-060914180936.jpeg[/img]
[img width=640
height=580]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-070515000114.png[/img]
[img width=640
height=780]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-070515000206.png[/img]
HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNyyILVkQP0&feature=player_embedded
HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzKpqRRwSYo&feature=player_embedded
Details:
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/balloons.gif
HTML http://sustainablesv.org/ecocloud//uploads/solutions/Gravity_Power_Company_Overview_1-17-2013.pdf
#Post#: 3096--------------------------------------------------
Re: Batteries
By: AGelbert Date: May 7, 2015, 7:18 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
[quote]Photovoltaic (PV) panels combined with batteries will do
to the electric utility industry what digital cameras did to the
photography business. [img width=80
height=70]
HTML http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/yayayoy/yayayoy1106/yayayoy110600019/9735563-smiling-sun-showing-thumb-up.jpg[/img]<br
/>[/quote]
Utilities, Cheap Batteries Won't Hurt You; You Have Much Worse
Things to Worry About - Part I: Assault and Battery
HTML http://theenergycollective.com/jayirwinstein/2223241/utilities-cheap-batteries-won-t-hurt-you-you-have-much-worse-things-worry-abou
#Post#: 3098--------------------------------------------------
Re: Batteries
By: AGelbert Date: May 7, 2015, 8:00 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
Agelbert NOTE: This is from SPARK, the newsletter of the Rocky
Mountain Institute. It was written just before the Tesla Battery
announcement but it has great info on how to get the most out of
the Tesla residential and business Battery.
There is nobody that can make better use of new technology to
reduce (and eventually eliminate) dirty energy better. [img
width=75
height=50]
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/reading.gif[/img]
Apr 30, 2015
Authors Jesse Morris Manager
The 10 Things Likely To Be Missing From Tesla’s Stationary
Storage News
Later today Tesla Motors is expected to make a major
announcement about new stationary storage offerings—both a home
battery and a very large utility-scale battery. Everyone, it
seems, has been abuzz for days, evidenced in wall-to-wall
coverage from Bloomberg to Yahoo!. Investment analysts have been
weighing in, too, and Tesla’s stock is up significantly this
week on the forthcoming news.
Without speculating on the product’s technical specifications or
other details we won’t know until Tesla makes the actual
announcement, I think we can safely assume that Tesla’s talking
points will follow a general three-point outline:
•Stationary storage—including behind-the-meter—is here for the
long haul
•Storage has gotten very cheap (or will soon, thanks to the
Gigafactory)
•Storage offers value to residential, commercial, and utility
customers today
For residential and commercial customers, Tesla’s announcement
is another proof point that cost-effective, customer-sited
solar-plus-storage systems are coming, as we recently analyzed
in The Economics of Load Defection.
However, an obsessive focus on cheap storage for customers risks
missing the bigger opportunity. For batteries to be truly
transformative—for customers and the grid—we need to recognize
the full range of values they can provide and remove barriers
(especially market participation) preventing customer-sited
batteries from providing all of those values.
Twelve Services Energy Storage Can Deliver to the Grid
For sure, Tesla’s new systems will be used for backup power.
They’ll also be used to lower customer bills through arbitrage
against rates (such as demand charges) and demand response
programs, as many other energy storage companies currently do.
But without even knowing additional detail about the product
itself, I can safely say that Tesla’s new product will able to
do much, much more for multiple stakeholder groups including
customers, utilities, and independent system operators (ISOs) /
regional transmission organizations (RTOs).
In fact, when products like Tesla’s are installed behind the
customer meter and networked with hundreds or thousands of other
similar systems, storage is capable of providing about a dozen
services to the electricity system at large. Furthermore, in
many cases, it costs less for aggregated behind-the-meter
storage to provide these services than what we pay for them to
be delivered now in other ways.
The services energy storage can deliver when installed behind
the meter like Tesla’s planned products fall into three
categories: 1) services for customers, 2) services for ISOs /
RTOs, and 3) services for utilities.
Services for Customers
•First, they can be used to directly benefit customers by:
•Providing backup power
•Reducing demand charges
•Optimizing customer bills against time of use or other
non-volumetric rates
•Increasing self-consumption of distributed solar energy. In
places like Germany and Australia where net metering doesn’t
exist or in some corners of the U.S. where electricity is
expensive and net metering isn’t available, storage can be used
to increase building-level self-consumption from a distributed
solar system to maximize the economic benefit of solar.
These services, especially the first two, are likely to be
squarely in line with what Tesla and its partners will announce
as major values of their new battery product. However, these
customer benefits tell only part of the story; an exclusive
focus on these aspects of Tesla’s (and others’) batteries will
miss the bigger story and a bigger opportunity.
Services for ISOs / RTOs
Second, storage—especially fast-response batteries like the
chemistries found in electric vehicle batteries—can support the
grid by delivering a suite of ancillary services. In
restructured states like California, this means energy storage
can bid into wholesale electricity markets. In non-restructured
states like Colorado, these services are delivered using assets
directly controlled by the utility—not a marketplace.
These services include:
•Frequency regulation
•Spinning and non-spinning reserves
•Load following / energy arbitrage
•Black start
•Voltage support
In many cases, batteries can provide these services more
reliably and at a lower cost than the technology that currently
provides a majority of them—thermal power plants—so by using
energy storage to deliver these services, some electricity
systems can be maintained at a lower cost.
Services for Utilities
Third, storage systems installed behind the customer meter can
be dispatched to provide deferral or adequacy services to
utilities, such as:
•Transmission and distribution upgrade deferral. When load
forecasts indicate transmission or distribution nodes will
exceed their rated load carrying capacity, incremental
investments in energy storage can be used to effectively
increase the node’s capacity and avoid large, overbuilt,
expensive upgrades to the nodes themselves.
•Transmission congestion relief. At certain times of the day,
ISOs charge utilities to use congested transmission lines.
Discharging energy storage systems located downstream of
congested lines can avoid these charges.
•Resource adequacy. Instead of using or investing in combustion
turbines to meet peak generation requirements, utilities can
call upon other assets like energy storage instead.
In the U.S. alone, we’re slated to spend an estimated $1–2
trillion over the next fifteen years on electricity
infrastructure. By deploying energy storage—along with demand
response, energy efficiency, smart controls, and distributed
solar—many of these investments can be avoided in the first
place, saving money for society along the way.
Barriers to Market Participation
There’s little argument that systems like Tesla’s, when
installed behind the customer meter, can technically deliver
these services to the electricity grid. However, even though in
many cases behind the meter energy storage—in addition to demand
response and distributed solar PV—can provide these services at
a competitive cost, several regulations, laws, and
misunderstandings have largely restricted the ability of the
technology to do so.
In Tesla’s home state of California and in a select number of
states like New York, Texas, and Minnesota, regulatory reform
efforts are under way that should help overcome many of these
challenges.
But until those efforts are successful, these barriers currently
restrict behind-the-meter storage to delivering a much shorter
list of the services outlined above—even in states leading the
charge for electricity system regulatory reform. Encouragingly,
even with a truncated list of services to work with, Tesla will
still be able to use its new product and create value for
thousands of customers including commercial customers looking to
reduce their demand charges and residential customers under
dynamic rates. In fact, by deploying their new product to
deliver only one or two of the twelve services energy storage is
actually able to deliver, Tesla will demonstrate the value that
their systems can create for the electricity system at large.
This act will help overcome myriad regulatory challenges and
utility misconceptions facing energy storage by pointing to
real-world successes.
A Path Forward
Tesla won’t be alone in working to overcome these barriers to
unfettered market access for energy storage and other
distributed energy resources. Groups like the Electric Power
Research Institute have research and analytical tools coming
down the pipeline that will help to illustrate what batteries
like Tesla’s can do for the system, and at what cost. And later
this summer RMI will be releasing new research as well,
including a body of work focused on quantifying the costs and
benefits of behind-the-meter energy storage to the grid.
Through these efforts and with the availability of new products
like Tesla’s in the marketplace we hope to provide tangible
evidence to decision makers on the merits of distributed energy
resources and the changes that need to take place in order to
unlock their full
potential.
HTML http://www.freesmileys.org/emoticons/emoticon-object-077.gif
HTML http://blog.rmi.org/blog_2015_04_30_ten_things_likely_to_be_missing_from_teslas_stationary_storage_news
#Post#: 3123--------------------------------------------------
Re: Batteries
By: AGelbert Date: May 12, 2015, 12:48 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
05/08/2015 11:45 AM
Tesla's New PowerWall Battery Sells Out! :o ;D
SustainableBusiness.com News
Calling the response "overwhelming" and "crazy" Elon Musk says
Powerwall batteries are already sold out through mid-2016.
Within days of announcing the launch of Tesla Energy, the
company has 38,000 reservations for Powerwall - the home version
of the battery. And since most people ordered more than one
battery, the sales add up to more like 50,000-60,000.
There's also lots of interest on the industrial/ utility side
for the larger version, called Powerpacks
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/muscular.gif
. There are 2500
reservations for about 10 Powerpacks each, for a total 25,000 .
HTML http://www.freesmileys.org/emoticons/emoticon-object-081.gif
Tesla also received 2,500 requests from distribution and
installation companies. [img width=25
height=30]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-080515182559.png[/img]
Musk said all this on a call with investors on Tesla's first
quarter results, but spent most of the time answering questions
on Tesla Energy. The Gigafactory in Nevada - which comes online
in mid-2016 - could be devoted to just these batteries, he says,
indicating that this first factory won't meet demand.
He expects demand for these batteries to be double that for
electric cars.
[img width=640
height=380]
HTML http://images.thecarconnection.com/hug/computer-generated-image-of-proposed-tesla-motors-gigafactory_100479294_h.jpg[/img]
Fossil fuel produced energy WILL NOT BE USED to operate the
above Battery Factory.
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/301.gif
In the first quarter, Tesla sold 10,030 Model S cars - 55% more
than Q1 2014 - with revenues of $1.1 billion and a loss of $159
million. Its Model X SUV goes on sale late this year, followed
by a lower priced Model S in 2017 ($35,000).
For background, read our article, Tesla's Next Goal: Transform
How We Get Electricity
HTML http://www.sustainablebusiness.com/index.cfm/go/news.display/id/26275.<br
/>
SNIPPET: [img width=75
height=50]
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/reading.gif[/img]
[quote]For businesses and utilities, Tesla Energy offers
"Powerpacks
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/19.gif
," more
powerful versions of the home-based system "designed to scale
infinitely."
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-200714191258.bmp<br
/>They integrate lithium batteries, power electronics, thermal
management and controls into a turnkey system.
Powepacks are being piloted in over 100 projects, including
Amazon Web Services data centers, Target and Walmart stores and
Green Mountain, Southern California Edison and other utilities.
Incredibly, Musk plans to make its battery patents available for
free as he has done for the electric car. ;D [/quote]
HTML http://www.sustainablebusiness.com/index.cfm/go/news.display/id/26287
Renewable energy=
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-301014181553.gif<br
/> [img width=60
height=40]
HTML http://www.freesmileys.org/smileys/smiley-scared002.gif[/img]=Fossil<br
/>Fuelers
[center] [img width=100
height=100]
HTML http://www.freesmileys.org/smileys/smiley-forum/popcorn.gif[/img][/center]
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