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#Post#: 2756--------------------------------------------------
Re: Lost Cities and Civilizations
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: February 28, 2015, 1:08 am
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[center]
Stone Age Britons imported wheat in shock sign of
sophistication[/center]
Agelbert NOTE: That isn't shocking to me. ;D
Thursday, February 26, 2015 Alister Doyle for Reuters
OSLO (Reuters) – Stone Age Britons imported wheat about 8,000
years ago in a surprising sign of sophistication for primitive
hunter-gatherers long viewed as isolated from European
agriculture, a study showed on Thursday.
British scientists found traces of wheat DNA in a Stone Age site
off the south coast of England near the Isle of Wight, giving an
unexpected sign of contact between ancient hunter-gatherers and
farmers who eventually replaced them.
The wheat DNA was dated to 8,000 years ago, 2,000 years before
Stone Age people in mainland Britain started growing cereals and
400 years before farming reached what is now northern Germany or
France, they wrote in the journal Science.
“We were surprised to find wheat,” co-author Robin Allaby of the
University of Warwick told Reuters of finds at Bouldnor Cliff.
“This is a smoking gun of cultural interaction,” between
primitive hunter-gatherers in Britain and farmers in Europe, he
said of the findings in the journal Science.
“It will upset archaeologists. The conventional view of Britain
at the time was that it was cut off,” he said. “We can only
speculate how they got wheat — it could have been trade, a gift
or stolen.”
The scientists also found DNA of oak, poplar and beech and of
dogs or wolves, deer, grouse and auroch, a type of cow. There
was no trace of wheat pollen in the samples, indicating that it
was not grown locally.
The scientists found the DNA at what was apparently a
pre-historic site for boat building. The sediments are now 11.5
meters (38 feet) below sea level.
Britain used to be connected by land to Europe during the Ice
Age but melting icecaps pushed seas higher about 10,000 years
ago. A land bridge may have lingered 8,000 years ago.
Farming reaching the Balkans about 8-9,000 years ago from the
Middle East and eventually spread throughout Europe.
Greger Larson, an American archaeologist at Oxford University
who was not involved in the study, praised the experts for
extensive checks to ensure against misinterpretation or
contamination of DNA.
The find of wheat “will make us re-evaluate the relationships
between farmers and hunter-gatherers,” he told Reuters.
He said there has been other signs of contacts, including bones
of domesticated pigs in Germany in Stone Age hunter-gatherer
settlements. “There are trade networks that pre-date
agriculture,” he said.
(Reporting By Alister Doyle)
Read more at
HTML http://newsdaily.com/2015/02/stone-age-britons-imported-wheat-in-shock-sign-of-sophistication/#P8lIKQy3SEYOrtdm.99
#Post#: 3299--------------------------------------------------
Re: Lost Cities and Civilizations
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: June 15, 2015, 12:27 am
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[center]
HTML http://i.imgur.com/wGbddPV.jpg[/center]
--- Quote ---
> In 536 A.D., the greatest volcanic catastrophe in human
history rocked Central America and set off a lethal chain of
events, from climate change to famine to the Bubonic plague.
>
> How could one volcano have such a cataclysmic effect?
>
> Follow experts in environmental hazards as they investigate
the eruption that smothered the planet with billions of tons of
ash.
>
> Then see how new evidence and theories have shed new light on
the apocalyptic disaster that destroyed empires and gave birth
to the Dark Ages.
--- End Quote ---
HTML http://www.smithsonianchannel.com/videos/dark-age-volcano/34030?auto=true
HTML http://www.smithsonianchannel.com/videos/dark-age-volcano/34030?auto=true
#Post#: 3580--------------------------------------------------
Re: Lost Cities and Civilizations
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: August 8, 2015, 2:36 pm
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--- Quote ---
> Archaeologists have discovered a mysterious Stonehenge-style
monolith in the deep sea off the coast of Sicily, shedding new
light on the earliest civilizations in the Mediterranean basin.
>
> Broken in two parts, the 3.2-foot-long monolith has a rather
regular shape and features three holes of similar diameter. One,
which can be found at its end, crosses it completely from part
to part, the others appear at two sides of the massive stone.
>
> Such features leave no doubt that the monolith was man-made
some 10,000 years ago. :o
>
--- End Quote ---
Underwater 'Stonehenge' Monolith Found Off Coast of Sicily
Aug 6, 2015 04:50 PM ET // by Rossella Lorenzi
HTML http://news.discovery.com/history/archaeology/underwater-stonehenge-monolith-found-off-coast-of-sicily-150806.htm
#Post#: 3686--------------------------------------------------
Re: Lost Cities and Civilizations
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: August 31, 2015, 2:15 am
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[center]Million-Dollar Find: Shipwreck's Golden Treasure
Includes Very Rare Coin[/center]
by Elizabeth Palermo, Associate Editor | July 28, 2015
03:56pm ET
[center]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-310815031028.jpeg[/center]
[center]The "Tricentennial Royal" coin pictured here was
die-cast, unlike most coins minted in the Spanish colonies
during the 1700s. Credit: 1715 Fleet Queens Jewels, LLC
[/center]
Treasure hunters off the Florida coast recently pulled up the
haul of a lifetime: nearly $1 million worth of gold coins and
elaborate gold chains, as well as an extremely rare Spanish coin
known as a "Tricentennial Royal."
The treasures were hidden on the seafloor for 300 years before
the crew of a salvage vessel brought them to the surface last
month, on June 17. The riches were found just 1,000 feet (305
meters) offshore of Fort Pierce, Florida, according to Eric
Schmitt, captain of the aptly named salvage vessel, Aarrr Booty,
which was used to locate the treasure.
The ships that once carried the valuables set sail from Cuba on
July 24, 1715, when the island was a Spanish colony. The ships'
mission was to transport the riches below deck to Spain, which
at the time was waging a war against France and was desperately
in need of money to fund battles. [Shipwrecks Gallery: Secrets
of the Deep]
But the ships never made it to Spain. A hurricane off Florida
sank all but one of the 12 ships on July 30, 1715. The so-called
"1715 Fleet" has been a treasure-hunter's fantasy ever since. In
2010, Brent Brisben and his father, William, obtained permits to
explore the wrecks in search of sunken riches.
The lucky haul off Fort Pierce was the work of the entire
Schmitt family, which includes Eric and his wife, as well as
Eric's sister and parents. The Schmitts were subcontracted to
explore the 12 different shipwrecks for Brisben's company (1715
Fleet Queen Jewels, LLC), which owns salvage permits.
Included in Aarrr Booty's recent haul were 51 gold coins and 40
feet of golden chain. But the real treasure salvaged from the
deep was the rare Tricentennial Royal, one of very few gold
coins minted for King Philip V of Spain, according Schmitt, lead
diver of the Aarrr Booty vessel's treasure-hunting expeditions.
The coin is "very round" compared to most coins salvaged from
the wrecks, said Schmitt, who told Live Science that the royal
coin was die-cast (made by pouring molten gold into a coin
mold). Most Colonial coins from this period were made using
cruder methods that resulted in less uniform shapes, according
to the coin-collecting website Coinquest. The round royal coin,
which is about the size of a silver dollar, is worth an
estimated $500,000, according to Brent Brisben.
And even though Brisben and Schmitt are excited about the
discovery of this precious coin, both remain hopeful that even
more treasure lies hidden off Florida. Brisben's company owns
the salvage rights to five of the 11 ships that sank on July 30,
1715, he told Live Science. He estimates that $440 million worth
of coins and other treasures have yet to be recovered from these
centuries-old wrecks.
Among the treasures that are still at large are the elusive
queen's jewels, which belonged to Philip V's second wife,
Elizabeth Farnese, Duchess of Parma. The elaborate jewels were
to be a part of the queen's dowry and were supposed to be
brought to Spain by the 1715 Fleet. Because jewelry wasn't a
taxable commodity in Spain at the time, details about the jewels
weren't entered on any official documents, but a few ornate
items were allegedly aboard the fleet when it sank, including a
74-carat emerald ring and 14-carat pearl earrings, according to
Brisben.
Follow Elizabeth Palermo @techEpalermo. Follow Live Science
@livescience, Facebook & Google+. Original article on Live
Science.
Elizabeth Palermo
Elizabeth is an associate editor at Live Science who writes
about science and technology. She graduated with a B.A. from the
George Washington University. Elizabeth has traveled throughout
the Americas, studying political systems and indigenous cultures
and teaching English to students of all ages.
HTML http://www.livescience.com/51679-shipwreck-treasure-hunters-gold-coins.html
#Post#: 4237--------------------------------------------------
Re: Lost Cities and Civilizations
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: December 30, 2015, 6:47 pm
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[center]
HTML http://media.propertycasualty360.com/propertycasualty360/article/2014/01/16/454258615main-crop-600x338.jpg[/center]
--- Quote ---
> The middle ages: was it really as gruesome as it's commonly
portrayed to be?
HTML http://www.desismileys.com/smileys/desismileys_6656.gif<br
/>
HTML http://www.desismileys.com/smileys/desismileys_1730.gif
>
> Daniel Baker, M.A. in European History, George Mason
University
>
> 3.5k Views • Daniel has 150+ answers in History.
>
>
> Daniel is a Most Viewed Writer in Middle Ages.
>
> The shortest answer I can give to this question, is [b]"No,
in most respects." :o There are some ways in which the Middle
Ages were as bad as they were commonly portrayed, but mostly
they weren't. I'll use a down-and-dirty definition of the
Middle Ages as running from 476-1521 (fall of the last Western
Roman Emperor to Luther not getting burned at the Diet of
Worms), and blithely ignore all the subtleties and nuances.
>
> No, not as bad as commonly portrayed:
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/301.gif
>
>
> 1. Witchcraft. It used to be popularly believed that the
Middle Ages were the height of the witchcraft craze. Not true;
for most of the Middle Ages, it was actually heretical to
believe in witches, as St. Augustine had said God wouldn't allow
witches to exist. There were a handful of witch executions in
the late Middle Ages, but witch hunts didn't really take off
until the papacy approved Heinrich Kramer's book Malleus
Maleficarum in 1486. The witch hunts were at their worst in the
late 16th to early 17th centuries, long after the end of the
Middle Ages.
>
> 2. Prima nottae/jus primae noctis/droit de seigneur. I love
Braveheart as a movie, but as history it is inaccurate, and in
no way is it more inaccurate than in relaunching this old
canard. There is not the slightest evidence that medieval
aristocrats ever had the legal right to deflower their peasants'
brides on their wedding nights. Certainly a baron or his sons
might rap e or sexually coerce women on the fief, and there
wouldn't be much the victims could do about it in courts
controlled by those very same barons, but the lords couldn't
have done it openly without getting into trouble with the church
and the royal courts.
>
> 3. Bad teeth. Sure, dental care was primitive in the Middle
Ages, but there was a compensating advantage: a very low-sugar
diet, which kept tooth decay under control. People's teeth got
much worse after the end of the Middle Ages, when sugar started
to flow in from the Caribbean colonies.
>
> 4. Absolute kingship. The popular image of the medieval king
as an absolute ruler is a fiction; absolute monarchy is a
post-medieval concept of the 16th and 17th centuries. Medieval
monarchs were constantly struggling for control with the church
(a struggle they ultimately lost when the church won the right
to name bishops and abbots), and with their own nobles (which
turned out rather more successfully for the kings).
>
> 5. Technology. It was once conventional wisdom that the
Middle Ages were a time of technological retrogression. In
fact, most Roman technology was preserved, and lots of new
technology was invented or imported: the compass, the moldboard
plow, the horse collar, the stirrup, the waterwheel mill and
trip-hammer, Arabic numerals, stained glass (brought to a height
of perfection that we can't duplicate today), plate armor, and
the longbow.
>
>
>
> Yes, as bad as portrayed, but no worse than earlier or later
times:
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/128fs318181.gif
>
> 1. Disease. Yes, the medieval world suffered horribly from
bubonic plague, not only in the famous outbreak of 1346, but
also the more obscure but equally devastating Plague of
Justinian in 541. And there was the "sweating sickness," still
not certainly diagnosed by modern physicians, and many other
pestilences. Against this, all medieval Europe had was Galen
and the bogus theory of the humors. The Muslim world was
somewhat better off, since the Muslims had invented hospitals
and understood the importance of cleanliness, but without the
germ theory of disease even the Muslims were largely helpless
against the power of epidemics. Still, other eras suffered as
badly or worse from disease as the Middle Ages; plague may have
cost Athens the Peloponnesian Wars, and Roman medicine was no
better than the medieval. Plague continued into the early
modern era, and smallpox got worse. And the virgin soil
epidemics caused by the European discovery of the Americas
dwarfed anything in the Middle Ages. Tetanus, diphtheria, small
pox, syphilis, measles, mumps, cholera, typhoid were never
ending dangers for which there was no treatment or cure. Slight
scratches could easily become septic, and develop into blood
poisoning to kill you.
>
> 2. Famine. When the crops failed, medieval European peasants
died in droves - just like Roman peasants, Greek peasants, or
early modern European peasants.
>
> 3. Cruel punishments.
HTML http://www.desismileys.com/smileys/desismileys_2194.gifhttp://www.smiley-lol.com/smiley/exagerent/police/boulet.gif<br
/>
HTML http://www.desismileys.com/smileys/desismileys_6869.gif
Hanging by slow strangulation was a medieval invention, but
Roman death penalties were just as bad: crucifixion, impalement,
mauling by beasts, and fustuarium (beating to death by cudgels).
Likewise, penalties like piercing the tongue with hot iron,
breaking on the wheel, and hanging continued long past the end
of the Middle Ages.
>
> As bad or worse than portrayed:
HTML http://i1.wp.com/gas2.org/files/2013/05/stupid.png
>
> 1. Outside raids and invasions. It wasn't just the Vikings,
who have a stranglehold on popular imagination: it was also the
Alans, the Avars, the Bulgars, the Arabs, the Magyars, the
Turks, and the Mongols.
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/pirates5B15D_th.gif
The Romans
had been pretty successful in keeping their borders secure, and
while early modern Europe was rent with internal war, it had
little to fear from outside invasion.
>
> 2. Illiteracy. The Middle Ages were the least literate
period in European history since the Greek Dark Age Yes, the
German tribes had always been illiterate, but with the Middle
Ages they helped make illiteracy the normal state of the ruling
class in Christian Spain, France, Britain, Italy, and the
Balkans. The ordinary Roman was illiterate too, but the upper
crust was expected to read and write; that ceased to be true by
the 800s. Writing from the early Middle Ages is even more
fragmentary than records from Rome, even though the Roman
records are older. Coming to Islamic Toledo, Gerard of Cremona
himself remarked on the "poverty of the Latins" in books as
compared to the Muslims. The printing press, in turn, made the
early modern period much more literate than medieval times.
>
> 3. No road building. The medievals seem to have relied
mainly on Roman roads for land transport throughout the era.
This was not because the technology had been lost, but because
access to huge amounts of slave labor had been lost.
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-080515182559.png<br
/>
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-200714191258.bmp
>
> 4. Crazy judicial methods. There may not have been much to
choose from between Roman punishments and medieval ones, but at
least the Romans had fairly sane methods of trial, without any
oath-helpers, trials by ordeal of iron or water, or trials by
combat. While the frequency of these medieval judicial methods
is somewhat exaggerated in the popular press (I read a pipe roll
from King John of England's reign that had only one trial by
combat and no ordeals out of several dozen judgments), the very
fact that they were significant at all made the Middle Ages
worse than the Roman or early modern periods.
--- End Quote ---
HTML https://www.quora.com/
HTML https://www.quora.com/
#Post#: 4915--------------------------------------------------
Re: Lost Cities and Civilizations
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: April 19, 2016, 3:25 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
[center]A tale of lust and intrigue, of bribery and
seduction.[/center]
[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/oKJxD9es_b0[/center]
Greedy, immoral human behavior is certainly not a recent
phenomenon; it just has more 'leverage' now than several
centuries ago. From making money off of parts of Saint bodies to
stirring up people to "defend" a "sacred" place, it's always
been about empathy deficit disordered, opportunistic individuals
motivated by greed and power. They used then, as they do today
(with a bit more nuance), an Orwellian interpretation of the
Christ's teachings to "justify" it all. The fig leaf of "doing
God's work" has ALWAYS been used to do EVIL.
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-241013183046.jpeg<br
/>
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-200714183337.bmp
If you read what a certain French Cistercian Monk wrote on
"Penitential Warfare"
HTML http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_9HT4xZyDmh4/TOHhxzA0wLI/AAAAAAAAEUk/oeHDS2cfxWQ/s200/Smiley_Angel_Wings_Halo.jpg<br
/>in an effort to stir up a "holy" army to go down to Jerusalem
and kick "infidel" ass, you can see EXACT propaganda parallels
with the recent "Clash of Civilizations/War on Terror Arabs"
BULLSHIT. >:(
[center]
Crusaders, Pilgrims, and Relics – Bearers of the Cross: Material
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-311013200859.png<br
/>Religion in the Crusading
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/pirates5B15D_th.gif
World
1095-1300
HTML http://www.medievalists.net/2016/04/15/crusaders-pilgrims-and-relics-bearers-of-the-cross-material-religion-in-the-crusading-world-1095-1300/[/center]
[center]
And the atheists have the unadulterated gall to blame Jesus
Christ for all this![/center]
[center]
HTML http://scotteriology.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/6954808303_7cffb41d4c_z.jpg[/center]
#Post#: 5136--------------------------------------------------
Re: Lost Cities and Civilizations
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: May 23, 2016, 1:28 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
[center]
Divers Find Roman-era Sunken Treasure in Shipwreck Off
Israel[/center]
[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/64nBOag-lp4[/center]
SNIPPET:
Divers in the Eastern Mediterranean last month came across a
treasure trove of sunken artifacts dating back to the Roman
Empire, finding remarkably well-preserved metal figures,
statues, lamps and coins.
The treasure was submerged 1,600 years ago when the cargo ship
it was on, taking the metal items to melt and recycle :o ;D,
sank in the harbor of the ancient Roman port city of Caesarea,
which is today part of Israel's Caesarea National Park. A layer
of fine sand covered the artifacts, which helped protect the
statues, leading authorities to say they looked as if they were
cast yesterday.
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/reading.gif
HTML http://now.howstuffworks.com/2016/05/17/roman-empire-caesarea-treasure-shipwreck-israel
#Post#: 5843--------------------------------------------------
Re: Lost Cities and Civilizations
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: November 3, 2016, 1:59 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
[center]Have Ancient Monuments Always Been Protected?
HTML http://www.desismileys.com/smileys/desismileys_6656.gif<br
/>[/center]
It’s always sad to see visitors deface important monuments, and
now most governments do their best to preserve their cultural
heritage. At Stonehenge in England, tourists can no longer get
near the stone monoliths -- they’ve been roped off and
off-limits to visitors since 1977, to keep vandals from climbing
on them, or chipping off hunks of stone to take home. However,
taking a stone souvenir was actually encouraged before 1900 --
visitors were even given chisels when they arrived at the site
so they could have a bit of Stonehenge for themselves.
Protected thousands of years later:
•Stonehenge landowner Sir Edmund Antrobus decided that the
5,000-year-old monument needed to be protected and petitioned
for the help-yourself practice to be outlawed in 1900.
•Throughout the Victorian period, Stonehenge was a popular
gathering place. More than 3,000 people would assemble at the
summer solstice each year to watch the sun rise over the Heel
Stone.
•Stonehenge was substantially restored in the early 20th
century, when stones that had become wobbly were straightened,
and then set in concrete.
HTML http://www.wisegeek.com/have-ancient-monuments-always-been-protected.htm
#Post#: 6202--------------------------------------------------
Re: Lost Cities and Civilizations
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: January 6, 2017, 12:49 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
[center][img
width=640]
HTML http://swh.schoolworkhelper.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Aztec-Empire.jpg?x37075[/img][/center]
[center]How Did the Aztecs Feel about Alcohol?
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/2.gif<br
/>
HTML http://www.desismileys.com/smileys/desismileys_6869.gif<br
/>[/center]
The Aztecs did not tolerate crime or misbehavior in their
society. Numerous offenses were punishable by death in the Aztec
legal system, including homicide, perjury, robbery, destruction
of crops, witchcraft, and even public drunkenness -- but only
for younger offenders. Aztec elders could consume as much
alcohol as they wished. The Aztecs' tipple of choice was pulque,
a mildly alcoholic drink made from the fermented sap of the
maguey plant. In the Aztec language, it was known as octli. The
beverage's potency could be increased by adding certain roots
and herbs.
Matters of life and death:
•Capital punishment could be carried out in a number of
different ways, including hanging, stoning, beheading,
disembowelment, burning, and quartering. If the victim chose to
forgive the perpetrator, the death sentence could be vacated,
and the perpetrator would become a slave of the victim’s family.
•Adultery was also a capital offense. Men were punished for
adultery only if they had relations with a married woman.
Married women were considered guilty regardless of the
circumstances.
•The children of Aztec nobility could be sentenced to death if
they were disrespectful, cowardly, or wasteful.
HTML http://www.wisegeek.com/did-people-in-ancient-civilizations-drink-alcohol.htm
#Post#: 6859--------------------------------------------------
Re: Lost Cities and Civilizations
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: April 11, 2017, 3:51 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-200317134631.png
[center]Found: oldest settlement in North America, confirms
local tribe history[/center]
Mihai Andrei April 10, 2017
When Alisha Gauvreau, an anthropology PhD student at the
University of Victoria started excavating a rocky spit on
Triquet Island, some 500 kilometers northwest of Victoria, she
didn’t really know what to expect, but this definitely surpassed
even her most ambitious expectations.
[center]
HTML http://cdn.zmescience.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Canada_British_Columbia_relief_location_map.jpg[/center]
[center]The first North American settlers might have arrived on
the coast and not on a frozen land bridge through Siberia :o,
as was previously believed. Image via Wikipedia[/center]
The archaeological team patiently dug and then sifted through
meters upon meters of soil and peat, before they finally found
something interesting: the charred remains of an ancient hearth.
As it so often happens, that’s just the start of interesting
things. Not long after that, Gauvreau and collaborators found a
trove of items, including tools for lighting fires, fish hooks,
and spears, all dating back from 14,000 years ago.
--- Quote ---
>
> “I remember when we get the dates back and we just kind of sat
there going, holy moly, this is old,” said Gauvreau.“What this
is doing is just changing our idea of the way in which North
America was first peopled.”
--- End Quote ---
The findings tell an interesting story, that of an early
migration occurring on British Columbia’s ancient coastline, and
challenges some of the most widely-held beliefs about humans
migrating to North America. The classic story is that humans
arrived some 13,000 or 14,000 years ago, crossing a land bridge
that connected modern-day Siberia to Alaska. But more and more
research is starting to challenge that belief. The challenging
theory is that people arrived on the coast, settling down on a
coastal strip of land that did not freeze during the ice age. In
a radio interview with the CBC, Gauvreau says that her research
adds significant weight to that idea.
--- Quote ---
> “[A]rchaeologists had long thought that … the coast would have
been completely uninhabitable and impassible when that is very
clearly not the case,” she explains.
--- End Quote ---
To make things even more interesting, these findings support the
ancient, oral, histories of aboriginals. The Heiltsuk people are
the descendants of a number of tribal groups who came together
Bella in the 19th century. For countless generations, Heiltsuk
First Nation elders have told the story about how their
ancestors arrived in the area, on the coast.
--- Quote ---
> “{I}t reaffirms a lot of the history that our people have been
talking about for thousands of years,” William Housty, a member
of Heiltsuk Nation, proudly stated.
--- End Quote ---
Now, anthropologists and archaeologists want to explore more of
the coast and the coastal islands, to further document how the
migration happened.
HTML http://www.zmescience.com/science/archaeology/oldest-settlement-north-america-10042017/
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