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#Post#: 466--------------------------------------------------
The graceful Flight of Butterflies Can Be Seen Best in Slow
Motion
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: November 28, 2013, 12:02 am
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HTML http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AuWvwf6gLU0&feature=player_embedded<br
/>
Why a butterfly flutters by
by David Catchpoole
Have you ever thought that the butterfly, with its jerky
fluttering flight, is a ‘primitive’ and inefficient flyer? After
all, its wings don’t look even remotely aerodynamic, compared to
the beautifully streamlined ‘aerofoil’ wings of birds and
airplanes.
butterfly-flutter
Indeed, just 10 years ago, conventional laws of aerodynamics
could not explain how any of the insects could fly at all,1 let
alone maneuver so masterfully at low speeds—hovering and flying
backwards and sideways, in complete control.
In the last decade, however, researchers have uncovered a
variety of ‘unconventional’ ways that these gossamer aeronauts
use their wings to stay aloft.2 For example, one particular
flapping movement creates a spiraling airflow (vortex) along the
edges of the wings, generating some of the lift which
‘conventional steady-state aerodynamics’ could not account for.3

The fluttering of butterflies is not a random, erratic
wandering, but results from the mastery of a wide array of
aerodynamic mechanisms.
HTML http://dl5.glitter-graphics.net/pub/3328/3328805eipbi6o30e.gif
HTML http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/131120/srep03264/images_article/srep03264-f2.jpg
LEVs (Leading edge vortices) are the main lift generating
mechanism for insects and is totally different from the steady
state aerodynamics design of aircraft
Now, after filming red admiral butterflies flying in a ‘wind
tunnel’, researchers have been surprised by a whole range of
complicated wing movements which generate more lift than simple
flapping would do:
‘wake capture,
two different types of leading-edge vortex,
active and inactive upstrokes,
in addition to the use of rotational mechanisms and
the Weis-Fogh “clap-and-fling”? mechanism’.4
What is more, the red admirals often used completely different
mechanisms on successive wing strokes!
So, rather than being ‘primitive’, we now understand that
butterflies flutter because they choose each wing stroke from a
customized armory of twists, flaps, claps and flings. In the
words of the researchers, ‘the fluttering of butterflies is not
a random, erratic wandering, but results from the mastery of a
wide array of aerodynamic mechanisms’.4 No wonder butterflies
are so adept at taking off, maneuvering, maintaining steady
flight and landing.
HTML http://dl3.glitter-graphics.net/pub/723/723623pjc70713cu.gif
Aeronautics engineers even desire to copy these mechanisms, e.g.
for robotic spy ‘insects’,5 but there is still a long way to go
before they can match the capabilities of insect flyers.6
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/128fs318181.gif
HTML http://dl0.creation.com/articles/p004/c00494/butterfly-flutter.jpg
For example, the software design in man-made aircraft requires
many man-years of work and powerful computer chips for its
implementation. In contrast, the flight control center in the
brain of a fly has been estimated at about 3,000 neurons, which
‘gives the insect less computational power than a toaster, :o
yet insects are more agile than aircraft equipped with superfast
digital electronics.’7 So how do insects exercise flight control
over such a wide range of aerobatic abilities?8 One commentator
observed, ‘If engineers ever understand that, there will be a
revolution in aeronautics.’7
HTML http://yoursmiles.org/psmile/pilot/p0503.gif
There is one engineer who understands. He is the One who
originally put these flying marvels together in the first
place—the Lord, the Maker of the heavens and the earth, and the
sea, and all that is in them.
HTML http://dl3.glitter-graphics.net/pub/1402/1402163an5yjq7sxr.gif
HTML http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSKyqi9lQiw&feature=player_embedded
Agelbert NOTE: If you watch closely in the video above, you can
almost see the butterfly creating the double vortices at the
trailing edge of his wings on the down stoke and then being
sucked up by them as it goes into the up stroke. There's an
energy saving secret here! The vortices actually allow the
butterfly to use much less energy to lift its wings for the
upstroke! Amazing!
HTML http://dl2.glitter-graphics.net/pub/1225/1225662m3squ1oj6v.gif
Related Articles
Astonishing acrobatics—dragonflies
Why a fly can fly like a fly
Beautiful black and blue butterflies
Aces of the Air
Butterfly brilliance
Dragonfly design tips
Watch a glasswing passing (without flying colours)
Lessons from locust wings
Further Reading
Pterosaurs flew like modern aeroplanes
Amazing discovery: Bird wing has ‘leading edge’ technology
Good design in miniature
Fancy flying from advanced aeronautics:
Expert engineer eschews “evolutionary design”
References and notes
1. Brookes, M., On a wing and a vortex, New Scientist
156(2103):24–27, 1997. Return to text.
2.Wieland, C., Why a fly can fly like a fly, Journal of Creation
12(3):260–261, 1998. Return to text.
3.Insects defying the laws of aerodynamics? Creation 20(2):31,
1998. Return to text.
4. Srygley, R.B. and Thomas, A.L.R., Unconventional
lift-generating mechanisms in free-flying butterflies, Nature
420(6916):660–664, 2002. Return to text.
5. Butterflies point to micro machines, BBC News,
news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2566091.stm, 13 January 2003.
Return to text.
6.Sarfati, J., Can it bee? Creation 25(2):44–45, 2003. Return to
text.
7. Zbikowski, R., Red admiral agility, Nature 420(6916):615–618,
2002. Return to text.
8. See also: Sarfati, J., Astonishing acrobatics dragonflies,
Creation 25(4):56, 2003. Return to text.
HTML http://creation.com/why-a-butterfly-flutters-by
#Post#: 635--------------------------------------------------
Nothing flies better than a Dragonfly!
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: December 28, 2013, 6:24 pm
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December 28, 2013
[center]
HTML http://dragonflywoman.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/libellula-vibrans-male.jpg[/center]
Please note that the "primitive" insect above called a dragonfly
(found in fossils allegedly over 500 million years old ::) with
the exact same morphology as a "modern" dragonfly) is considered
PRIMITIVE because it has FOUR WINGS. However, science JUST
LEARNED that it can outfly anything on the planet BECAUSE those
four wings are independently articulated for in-phase or
out-of-phase wing pattern flight (22%less power required!). This
is a box canyon logical bag of worms conundrum for evolutionary
true believers. Good!
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/2/3-020821163331.png
Dragonfly design tips
by David Catchpoole
Just how can the dragonfly perform its energetically-demanding
aerial acrobatics—flying backwards or forwards, fast, slow or
hovering—and remain airborne for such extended periods?
The answer, in part, is that it has four wings.
While many flying insects use only a single pair of wings (and
very well, too1), dragonflies have [b]‘unusual musculature’ that
allows them to move each of their four wings2
[size=12pt]independently, which is a key factor in their ability
to perform “astonishing acrobatics”.3[/b][/size]
It had been thought that such out-of-phase flapping comes at a
cost, i.e., reducing the amount of lift the insect can generate.
However, bioengineers have built a robotic version of a
dragonfly, attaching sensors at the base of the robot’s wings to
record lift and drag forces, allowing researchers to calculate
aerodynamic efficiency.4,5 And it turns out that in out-of-phase
flapping, the hind wings can extract extra energy from the wake
of air sent by the front wings, reducing aerodynamic power
requirements by up to 22% compared with a single pair of wings.
;D This mechanism, the researchers explained, “is directly
analogous to that exploited by coaxial contra-rotating rotors,
exemplified by helicopters such as the Kamov Ka-50.”4
What’s more, dragonflies have the flexibility to switch between
out-of-phase flapping and in-phase flapping as appropriate. When
taking off, for example, real dragonflies synchronise their wing
beats, thus they are able to lift and accelerate better than if
they used only two wings or four out-of-sync wings.
With this new insight into the aerodynamic efficiency of
out-of-phase flapping, engineers hope to apply it in the next
generation of flapping micro air vehicles.
As one bio-engineer explained, battery life limits how long
micro air vehicles can stay aloft, so “any tips or tricks which
enhance aerodynamic efficiency will be warmly welcomed.”5
It defies reason to suggest that an energy-efficient aerial
acrobat such as the dragonfly was not intentionally, and
intelligently, designed.
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-130418202709.png<br
/>
In fact, the researchers involved in this aerodynamic efficiency
study apparently recognized the difficulty their finding
presents to the widely-accepted 🐵 evolutionary scenario,
which posits that four-winged dragonflies arose long before
(i.e., are “more primitive” than) the two-winged Diptera:
--- Quote ---
> “Caution must be applied when interpreting the biological
significance of the above observations. Suggesting an
evolutionary advantage to either two-winged or four-winged forms
is unwise, considering the success and diversity of the true
flies (Diptera), and yet the maintenance of the four-winged form
by dragonflies since the Carboniferous.”4,6
--- End Quote ---
[center]
HTML https://desertpeace.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/grasping-at-straws1.jpg[/center]
Surely it makes much more sense to say that four-winged
dragonflies and two-winged flies were each designed to do what
they DO do, and what they DO do, they do well! ;D
HTML http://creation.com/dragonfly-design
#Post#: 1058--------------------------------------------------
Falcon vs Raven in Slow Motion
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: May 4, 2014, 10:45 pm
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HTML https://youtu.be/xNYCldtpiW0
#Post#: 1282--------------------------------------------------
The Amazing Butterfly Funnel Effect
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: June 4, 2014, 9:45 pm
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HTML http://dl0.creation.com/articles/p034/c03480/butterfly.jpg
HTML http://dl5.glitter-graphics.net/pub/3328/3328805eipbi6o30e.gif
Amazing variety of design
One particular variant of butterfly stroke commonly called
‘funnel formation’ takes creative design to new heights. Here
our focus is on what happens immediately after the wings pause
at the end of the down stroke.
The wing tips just touch at the beginning of the upstroke: at
this point this is a mirror image of the opening phase of the
down stroke. As the upstroke progresses, however, two distinct
flexural forces begin to simultaneously act on the wings—one
along the chord10 of the wings from leading to trailing edge;
the second acting at 90˚ to the first.
HTML http://dl0.creation.com/articles/p034/c03480/Anal-lobes-lge.jpg
The two forces draw the wings into a funnel; the leading edges
form the mouth, and the trailing edges compose the tapered body.
As the funnel enlarges, air flows into the funnel mouth and the
rear wing seal maintains the flow.
The funnel effect works until the wings separate: the instant
that air leaks past the wing tips the effect is gone. The bonus
for the butterfly is that by this point in the wing cycle the
funnel has done its job; the wings are now moving fast enough
for conventional aerodynamics to take over and generate
sufficient lift.
HTML http://dl3.glitter-graphics.net/pub/723/723623pjc70713cu.gif
HTML http://creation.com/butterfly-designer-wings
#Post#: 1700--------------------------------------------------
Which Bird has the Largest Wingspan?
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: August 14, 2014, 7:54 pm
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Which Bird has the Largest Wingspan?
HTML http://www.albatrossencounter.co.nz/content/images/1607/640x480normal/Albatross_Royal_Sthern.jpg
The albatross has the largest wingspan of any other bird
species, at approximately 11.5 feet (3.5 m). This large wingspan
allows the bird to glide for hundreds of miles without ever
flapping its wings. By the time an average albatross reaches 50
years old, the bird has flown over 3.7 million miles (6 million
km). While the albatross has the largest wingspan of any living
bird species, the ancient Pelagornis sandersi is thought to have
had the largest wingspan of any bird in history at 21 feet (6.4
m), according to fossils estimated to be over 25 million years
old.
More about the albatross:
•Albatrosses are also strong swimmers and can dive to depths of
over 16 feet (5 m) when hunting for food.
•When a female and male albatross mate, they produce just one
egg, which they each take turns caring for.
•Albatrosses have historically been hunted for their feathers to
be used for decorations for women’s hats, as well as used for
down cushioning. There is also evidence the birds were consumed
as food by ancient Eskimos.
HTML http://www.wisegeek.com/which-bird-has-the-largest-wingspan.htm
#Post#: 2435--------------------------------------------------
Re: Flight
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: December 22, 2014, 7:39 pm
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HTML https://youtu.be/e_44G-kE8lE
Outside of the TOTALLY FALSE assumption by the above scientist
that flight is an ability that insects "evolved", it 's a cool
video. There is ZERO evidence of transitional flight
characteristics in insects, period. There are NO insects with
partial wings for millions of years in the fossil record. But
still the RELIGION of the Darwin persists.
The amazing thing about the above scientist's cognitive failings
is that he describes in DETAIL how incredibly specialized fly
sensors and wing anatomy and physiology are DESIGNED ONLY for
flight, not walking, swimming or crawling.
Such Darwinian pretzel reasoning is breathtaking.
#Post#: 2436--------------------------------------------------
The Tiniest Flying Life Form on Earth
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: December 22, 2014, 10:32 pm
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December 22, 2014
[center] Megaphragma is the TINIEST flying life form on Earth!
[/center]
[center]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-230322170230.jpeg[/center]
[move]Megaphragma wasp is the size of a Paramecium! :o[/move]
This life form is so unusual, it has cells that exclude cell
bodies around the nucleus that Eukaryotic (true) cells
"normally" have. Scientists think that is so because "there
ain't no room for cells with all that stuff in a critter that
small". ::)
But they WON'T say the obvious! That is, that it seems to have
been DESIGNED that way from scratch; the size of a critter is a
function of cell anatomy and physiology, not the other way
around.
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-130418202709.png<br
/>
Are they going to say that 'millions of years of squeezing in
tight places'
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/1/3-250718210558.gif<br
/>EVOLVED the cell anatomy and physiology so it could EVOLVE a
tinier wasp?
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/2/3-190419232147.png<br
/>That is REALLY reaching!
That is NOT the way "natural selection" is supposed to work
anyway. Supposedly, the "BIG" flies got killed off and the ones
with the tiny cell machinery mutation survived.
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/2/3-200419205434.png<br
/>I don't think so.
WHY?
It's a chicken or egg problem for the Darwinists. Did this type
of cell precede the more common Eukaryotes or did a wasp
"mutation(s)" -( it takes a LOT more than ONE mutation to
RADICALLY modify cell anatomy and physiology this way!) produce
this exquisitely adapted parasite to be almost invisible to the
host?
There is simply ZERO reason to be that small. There's lots of
room out there and a plethora of larger prey that won't spot the
wasp even if it is 10 times larger.
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/1/3-111018132421-16902.gif<br
/>
Even if Megaphragma is paraded as the only living example of
what Eukaryotic cells were like before they EVOLVED into the
ones most Eukaryotic life forms have today, then why is it still
here? 🤔
If it was SO SUCCESSFUL for over millions and millions of years
or so, how come the BASIC cell anatomy and physiology model was
'changed'? This is proof of DESIGN, not evolution.
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-060518153110.png
What we have here is "Moore's God's law of miniaturization of
flying equipment" cells. Neurons are super tiny too!
So, are you gonna tell me this wasp Evolved from a NON-flying
microscopic whatever/wasp? Hello? Those cells REQUIRE specific
design to create that tiny wasp. It will not be able to fly
without the microminiaturization of cell function. It would be
too heavy and probably 10 times as "large" (no longer
microscopic).
It would need a more advanced design for a larger size like the
exquisitely designed Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) sensory
package (some of them not understood yet like eyes separate and
apart from the "normal" eyes and a sensor they believe is also
related to flight), and two types of wing muscles, ALL
SPECIALIZED for FLIGHT, not crawling, walking or swimming.
They are USELESS except SPECIFICALLY for aerial foraging and
evasive maneuvers to avoid getting eaten while FLYING. Yes the
reflex time is also valuable when they are perched but the
sensory package for a ground based insect is much, simpler. When
insects cannot MOVE fast because they don't fly, they have other
defenses like gas and stink and sprays which are radically
different from the rapid response motion detecting sensor
package on flying insects. The whole ENCHILADA is more proof of
DESIGN:
[center]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-221214224123.png[/center]
In summary, there is, apparently, no way an insect as small as
Megaphragma could fly without the biologically designed
microminiaturization of its Eukaryotic cell anatomy and
physiology. It's AMAZING!
LOOK at how TINY the Megaphragma wasp is. It's just over 200
micrometers ( 200 μm):
[center]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-221214225431.png[/center]
If WE could microminiaturize OUR neurons, we could have orders
of magnitude more processing ability.
I'm sure somebody in the MIC is "working" on it....
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-230322172903.jpeg
I still can't get past 100 gigaFLOPS. Need more Brain!
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-310714182509.png
#Post#: 2944--------------------------------------------------
Re: Flight
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: April 8, 2015, 9:12 pm
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How Long Can Birds Fly without Stopping? ???
Some migratory birds can fly non-stop for very long distances.
Some birds are even able to cross oceans without stopping as
they migrate. The record for the longest distance flown by birds
without stopping belongs to bar-tailed godwits. These birds can
fly 7,000 miles (11,265 km) without stopping to rest or eat.
HTML http://www.audubon.org/sites/default/files/Bar-tailed_Godwit_m17-67-085_l_0.jpg
Champion Migrator Bar-tailed Godwit
Every autumn, the bar-tailed godwits travel non-stop from Alaska
to New Zealand. Previously, the record for non-stop bird flights
was believed to be about 3,100 miles (5,000 km). The discovery
about the distance flown non-stop by bar-tailed godwits broke
this record and is an extraordinary example of endurance in
birds.
More about migratory birds:
About 40% of all birds in the world migrate.
Migratory birds experience hyperphagia before migration; they
eat far more than usual and store fat to last through their
journey.
Penguins can't fly, but they do migrate, by swimming.
HTML http://www.wisegeek.com/how-long-can-birds-fly-without-stopping.htm
HTML http://blog.brickhousesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/e7_entire_track_rev_dates.jpg
Perhaps the most astonishing of all bird migrations is the one
recorded in 2007, by the team led by biologist Robert Gill of
the USGS Alaska Science Center in Anchorage. Gill used satellite
tracking to follow the migration of shorebirds called bar-tailed
godwits—and most notably a female godwit simply called "E7".
Bar-tailed godwits are powered migrants—which means that, like
blackpoll warblers, they must flap their wings the whole way,
without the luxury of soaring or gliding. Not only this, but
unlike arctic terns or sooty shearwaters, powered migrants can
never stop to feed or rest at sea.
On August 30, E7 took off from the coast of Alaska and without
ever stopping to rest or refuel, she landed in New Zealand nine
days later.
Bar-tailed godwits time their departure to coincide with
favorable weather patterns, so E7 intentionally took advantage
of tailwinds.
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/8.gif
These
helpful winds, combined with her own uninterrupted wing beats,
allowed her to travel at an average of 35 miles per hour.
The total distance—7,270 miles flown entirely over the immensity
of the open Pacific Ocean. With stored body fat as her only
fuel, this shorebird weighing less than a pound made the longest
recorded nonstop flight of any bird.
HTML http://www.encountersnorth.org/wildexplorer/birdmigration/champion-migrants.html
#Post#: 3266--------------------------------------------------
Re: Flight
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: June 6, 2015, 11:08 pm
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HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-070615000530.png
--- Quote ---
> One mystery of birds' flight is solved!
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/8.gif
>
> The elegance of birds' flight, their seemingly effortless
aerial turns and the softness of their landing, have been envied
by many people.
>
> From countless observations, it has been known that the birds
use a small group of feathers, called "the alula," a thumb-like
structure that is present at the bend of the wing, in slow and
steep flight such as landing. Why do they use it? How the tiny
feathers can help them land softly? ???
--- End Quote ---
HTML http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150605103008.htm
#Post#: 3605--------------------------------------------------
Re: Flight
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: August 12, 2015, 9:00 pm
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[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/KEJyHbVpZC0[/center]
[center][center]The amazing butterflies
HTML http://dl5.glitter-graphics.net/pub/3328/3328805eipbi6o30e.gif[/center][/center]
[center]
The world of butterflies[/center]
[center]
HTML http://creation.com/world-of-butterflies[/center]
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