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#Post#: 2141--------------------------------------------------
Re: Key Historical Events ...THAT YOU MAY HAVE NEVER HEARD OF
By: AGelbert Date: November 1, 2014, 9:45 pm
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HTML http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNFAwvBt_Dg&feature=player_embedded 
FULL LENGTH VIDEO of Dick Gregory speaking to Architects and
Engineers for 911 and the America Too Few Know About.
Some fascinating gems of history you don't know about:
1) FDR had a drug habit.
2) After the Kennedy Assassination a Congressman claimed the
government story was false. The New York Times claimed said
Congressman was "mentally ill". The next time that Congressman
flew. his plane disappeared. William Jefferson Clinton drove him
to the airport.
3) The day of 9/11, after the first plane hit the WTC, the Sears
Tower in Chicago was evacuated immediately. the Standard Oil
skyscraper (almost as tall), a FEW FEET from the Sears Tower
WAS NOT evacuated.
4) Trayvon Martin's parents received 2 million dollars for
winning an ex curia (out of court) wrongful death lawsuit. But
the really strange part is that the AWARD was NOT considered a
damages award! I guess SOMEONE DID NOT want that to get around
(only ONE newspaper, the Orlando Sentinal, put out a brief story
on it - no front page stuff - ;)). It turns out Trayvon was
killed BEFORE the basketball game he was supposed to have
watched and left at half time (when he allegedly got shot). The
long and the REALLY short of it is that his parents collected
the millions from a life insurance policy that became effective
about a week AFTER Trayvon Martin was KILLED! :o
5)Jean Dixon, the famous "psychic", was fed advanced information
on the Kennedy Assassination (six months before!) by Hoover.
Hoover, for DECADES before and after, had her on the payroll
"preparing" the public for "things" that would happen.
Dick Gregory is not just a knowledgeable historian; he has PROOF
of UNPUBLISHED American History confirming "how it works" in our
so-called "representative democracy. He presents part of it to
the Architects and Engineers for 911 in order to explain to them
that the adversary is bad news BUT, they have to reveal the
truth or this country is TOAST. He thanks them profusely for
their work and wishes them well in their fight.
#Post#: 2142--------------------------------------------------
Re: Key Historical Events ...THAT YOU MAY HAVE NEVER HEARD OF
By: AGelbert Date: November 1, 2014, 9:56 pm
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HTML http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1xEf8gm-r8M&feature=player_embedded 
[move]The Echo From Dealey Plaza: First Black Secret Service
Agent, Abraham Bolden, Speaks Out On Being Framed & JFK
Assassination. :o >:( [/move]
#Post#: 2143--------------------------------------------------
Re: Key Historical Events ...THAT YOU MAY HAVE NEVER HEARD OF
By: AGelbert Date: November 1, 2014, 11:57 pm
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HTML http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5O9bLdz1WY&feature=player_embedded 
8 Historical Fact Filled minutes of Dick Gregory unchained!
HTML http://www.runemasterstudios.com/graemlins/images/2thumbs.gif

King James (of the King James Bible fame) was a gay. The English
Palace was named for his lover, Lord Buckingham.
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/237.gif
No, that is not a joke;
that's a historical fact.
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/301.gif
[img width=40
height=40]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-291014182422.png[/img] But really ;), when you PONDER that surname, it IS kinda
suggestive, isn't it? ---->Hi O Bucking HAM
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/2gwb921.gif
:P
Dick Gregory would get a whippin' if he tried to convince his
mother that Jesus Christ was NOT a Christian! Christianity as a
formal religion took nearly a century after Jesus Christ's death
and resurrection to become established.
There was a female POPE! She had faked being a man. When she
declared she wasn't one, they killed her in the Vatican! :(
Wait until you hear about the EYE of the NEEDLE that Christ
talked about when He mentioned the difficulty of Rich Men in
entering Heaven. ;D
#Post#: 2432--------------------------------------------------
Re: Key Historical Events ...THAT YOU MAY HAVE NEVER HEARD OF
By: AGelbert Date: December 21, 2014, 6:10 pm
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6 Formal Apologies from Government Officials ::)
by s.e. smith
December 20, 2014
4:00 pm
This week brings news that, 150 years too late, Colorado�s
governor has formally apologized for the Sand Creek Massacre.
Almost 200 Native men, women, and children in a peaceful
Colorado encampment were slaughtered by Colorado troops in 1864,
when chiefs representing the Arapaho and Cheyenne people
gathered for the explicit purpose of negotiating a treaty with
the regional government. They were met with appalling violence
that is remembered to this day at the site � but it took a long
time for an official apology to reach the descendants of the
massacre.
Formal apologies tend to be complicated, and it�s unusual for a
high-level official like a governor or the president to
apologize. Congress and regional legislatures are also reluctant
to issue formal apologies. One complication is the risk of legal
liability � while it seems cynical and coldhearted, government
officials may be worried about exposing the government to
lawsuits if they admit wrongdoing, even if it happened more than
a century ago.
Another issue is the tendency to want to let bygones be bygones
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-200714191329.bmp, refusing requests to acknowledge the problematic history of th
e
United States so it can be openly confronted and addressed. As
civil rights issues become a growing subject, hopefully we�ll
see many more apologies, like a nod to women who were denied the
vote, a formal discussion of other crimes against Native
American groups, and much, much more. [img width=060
height=055]
HTML http://www.emofaces.com/png/200/emoticons/fingerscrossed.png[/img]
So what has the government apologized for?
The 1893 overthrow of the Hawaiian government. 100 years after
the United States took control of the formerly independent
kingdom of Hawaii, President Clinton signed a formal apology for
the nation�s actions � but the country has yet to endorse
Hawaiian independence.
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-200714191329.bmp The apology noted that Hawaiians didn�t vote or endorse
annexation, and that the United States failed to respect the
nation�s sovereignty.
��official depredations, ill-conceived policies, and the
breaking of convenants� with Native Americans. Sneakily buried
in an appropriations bill for 2010, this apology was intended to
act as a blanket statement about the historic abuse of Native
Americans by the government, but it rang hollow, considering the
numerous acts of specific violence committed by colonizers,
including not just Sand Creek but Wounded Knee, the Pamunkey
Peace Talks, the Pound Ridge Massacre, the Hillabee Massacre,
and many, many more. Colorado�s governor made a good start, but
we have a long journey ahead.
The Tuskeegee Syphilis Study. President Clinton was awfully busy
apologizing during his time in office. In 1997, he issued a
formal Presidential Apology for this racist chapter in American
history. The 40 year �study� involved leaving Black men with
syphilis infections untreated to see what would happen, an
appalling abuse of human subjects and a chilling example of
medical racism.
Slavery. It took a while, but yes, the government finally got
around to apologizing for slavery, though it said nothing about
reparations. Notably, the apology came after the United States
had elected its first Black president � perhaps Congress felt
that the cognitive dissonance was too much to bear. The apology
also covered segregation and Jim Crow laws.
Japanese internment. One of the little-known horrors of the
Second World War was the mass internment of resident Japanese
people and Japanese-American citizens in the United States. In
addition to apologizing for the unjust and horrific
incarceration of innocent civilians, the government also
arranged reparations.
HTML http://www.care2.com/causes/6-formal-apologies-from-government-officials.html#ixzz3MZfsDoFu
Agelbert NOTE: Now some of you worthies will see no connection
to the above article with the following video. Well, consider
this FACT: AT LEAST 50%, as of recent estimates by serious,
credentialed historian scholars, of U.S. Government documents
detailing policy, actions, inactions (and so on) at every level
of government are classified. No, FOIA (Freedom of Information
Act) didn't do much to change the massive level of secrecy.
Historians DO NOT KNOW about 50% of American History because the
U.S. Government does not permit it (Carter opened a brief window
with the FOIA and Reagan QUICKLY closed it by putting all kinds
of onerous bureaucratic hurdles to stifle FOIA requests).
Nothing has changed as of 2014. Considering that secret
government decisions are FAR more useful in determining the
reasons for this or that action or inaction, U.S. History is a
BLACK HOLE. We are taught the sanitized version, period.
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-200714183312.bmp
Besides presenting some eye opening photos and official U.S.
Government documents that managed to slip out during the Carter
Administration, the case is presented calmly, logically and
dispassionately for a government that has not been democratic,
in any way, shape or form, for at least since the 1930's.
He calmly states that all our our leaders are selected, not
elected. He explains that as a consequence of a "breakaway
civilization" of humans that have used, for their own profit,
captured ET technology that has been reverse engineered.
Since these people are the very same ones that were (ARE) in
charge of our fossil fuel government (from at least the 1930's
onward) when the wiz bang transportation technology of the ET
craft began to be reverse engineered, they kept a giant lid on
it to this day to keep fossil fuel profits and the war
profiteering scam going. Because this technology is handed out
to corporations to reverse engineer (the RAND Corporation has
been picking he corporations to do this), the effect after
several decades it that corporations are a FAR more powerful
coercive force in the USA than the government. :P
His hypothesis fits. It explains the pretzel logic and laughably
absurd bull**** we are presented to us as "news" and "history"
in this country. The money is so good that anyone who talks is
dead meat. So the secrecy is preserved through fear as well as
privilege. It gets more comical by the day. Consequently, the
speaker claims they are having increasing difficulties in
keeping the lid on the secrecy.
He goes into a detailed discussion in which he sympathizes with
the "plight" of these "overlord" humans. How do you tell a
people you have lied to them for at least eight decades? How do
you keep them from stringing you and greedy, elitist fascist
friends and your flying saucers up for being traitors? So, the
secrecy continues and gets more unwieldy.
Releasing this technology would be a huge bag of worms for the
status quo. It would make a mockery of the scientific community
not previously privy to this stuff that has always poo pooed it.
And the inferiority complex for human brainiacs that would
accompany the knowledge that there are other intelligent species
far ahead of us that are not going to let us "do our thing", as
our top Wall Street Worshipping dogs have always claimed we
could because we are the "APEX PREDATOR CROWN OF EVOLUTION".
HTML http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TzWpwHzCvCI/T_sBEnhCCpI/AAAAAAAAME8/IsLpuU8HYxc/s1600/nooo-way-smiley.gif
So, they release a little here and a little there with computers
and other tech that doesn't rock the boat too much. If this is
true, it blows a giant hole in the idea the WE invented all this
stuff, explains the incredible (though tiny in comparison to
what they've got secretly) advances in technology since the
1930's.
It's a long video. Most of you won't watch it. If even a tenth
of what he says is true (I believe that he does NOT have all the
answers but he has a lot of them and he asks some very pertinent
questions followed by hard boiled logically plausible answers)
Fascism has been the [i]sine qua non condition of our government
for a LONG time.[/i]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-200714183312.bmp
Surly, call me a nut if you wish, but this is another dot for
you to connect that supports my hypothesis that our politicians
are SELECTED, not "elected".
If you do not watch the entire video, please do not argue with
me. Just assume it's a science fiction scenario that makes a
nice scary movie but could not possibly be true. Our leaders
wouldn't do that to us, now would they? [img width=80
height=40]
HTML http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_9HT4xZyDmh4/TOHhxzA0wLI/AAAAAAAAEUk/oeHDS2cfxWQ/s200/Smiley_Angel_Wings_Halo.jpg[/img]
[img width=640
height=380]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-211214184615.png[/img]
Freedom Of Information Act (FOIA) obtained documents
HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QcreNTPSclQ&feature=player_embedded
Save a couple of minutes: Begin at 2:14
[quote]
Secret Space Program / Breakaway Civilization Conference -
Richard Dolan
Published on Sep 16, 2014
The Secret Space Program / Breakaway Civilization Conference -
Richard Dolan - This conference is about a secret space program
/ breakaway civilization with Richard Dolan as the speaker. he
will provide incredible evidence of the existence of UFOs and
why it is being covered up deliberately in an attempt to block
the worldwide release of exotic energy technology. This
technology would end our reliance on fossil fuels and would
enable many other great possibilities.
Dolan's first book, UFOs and the National Security State:
Chronology of a Cover-up 1941-1973 was published in 2000 by
Keyhole Publishing Company and republished by Hampton Roads
Publishing Company in 2002. The preface is written by the noted
scientist and author Jacques Vall�e, Ph.D. Vallee's preface
begins: "The important book you are about to read is the first
comprehensive study of the U.S. government's response to the
intrusion of UFO phenomena in American skies over the last fifty
years." A follow-up book, titled UFOs and the National Security
State: The Cover-Up Exposed, 1973-1991 was published in August,
2009. In November 2010, A.D. After Disclosure: The People�s
Guide to Life After Contact, was published by Richard Dolan and
Bryce Zabel[/quote]
#Post#: 3470--------------------------------------------------
Re: Key Historical Events ...THAT YOU MAY HAVE NEVER HEARD OF
By: AGelbert Date: July 16, 2015, 12:05 am
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HTML https://youtu.be/6ia0N-iQWNQ
[font=times new roman]Lies My Teacher Told Me by James W.
Loewen[/font]
#Post#: 3487--------------------------------------------------
Re: Key Historical Events ...THAT YOU MAY HAVE NEVER HEARD OF
By: AGelbert Date: July 20, 2015, 5:12 pm
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How the racists of the South have ruled this nation from the
very beginning
by Susan Grigsby for Daily Kos
[quote]It all started with a Constitution that allowed slavery
to continue unmolested in the Southern states, only limiting the
importation of additional slaves after 1808. In addition to
requiring the return of escaped slaves to the slave labor camps,
it required them to be included in the census as three-fifths of
a free person for taxation and representation.
Because seats in the House of Representatives are based on
population, not on the number of registered voters or even on
the number people eligible to vote, but of total
population�including people held in slavery, even if each was
only considered three-fifths of a man�the South received more
that their fair share. And it was not just extra House seats
that their slave population provided, but also additional muscle
in the Electoral College that selects the president. According
to Edward E. Baptist in The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery
and the Making of American Capitalism:[/quote]
Historically accurate sordid details of how it was done along
with graphics and pictures at link below. If you still think
American Capitalism is a benign practice that produces
prosperity, you are in Empathy Deficit Disordered Denial. >:(
HTML http://www.dailykos.com/story/2014/11/16/1344692/-How-the-racists-of-the-South-have-ruled-this-nation-from-the-very-beginning

#Post#: 3654--------------------------------------------------
Re: Key Historical Events ...THAT YOU MAY HAVE NEVER HEARD OF
By: AGelbert Date: August 25, 2015, 2:00 am
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[center][img width=640
height=400]
HTML http://media.economist.com/sites/default/files/cf_images/20071222/CXM977.jpg[/img]
On June 10th wrote S�mundur Magnusson Holm at the University of
Copenhagen, falling ash coloured black the deck and sails of
ships travelling to Denmark.[/center]
[center][font=times new roman]The 1783-84 Laki Eruption: A
Catastrophic Volcanic Eruption that Changed the Course of Human
History[/font] [/center]
[center]
PART 1 of 3 PARTS[/center]
Most people are propagandized by the leaders of the societies
they live in to believe that history is simply a collection of
facts strung in chronological order. The truth is far more
nuanced.
Historians interpret the importance of events as if they are the
only ones qualified to do so, or just leave them out all
together, for allegedly "objective" scholarly reasons. Nothing
could be further from the truth. Human history is rife with key
pivotal events that don't make it into the flag waving, hero
worshipping, designated bad guy demonizing, condensed narrative.
The fact that these key events are deemed "not credible" as key
events by the academic community, despite the fact that said
"scholars" (see lock step lackeys) accept that the event
occurred, should be a red flag to anyone that still retains the
ability to think critcally.
I have written about the Piri Reis maps in an article titled
Evidence that Demands a Verdict: The Consensus Historical View
that Piri Reis used South American Coastline maps made by
Columbus
HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/general-discussion/lost-cities-and-civilizations/msg2671/#msg2671. I have pointed out how they do not "fit" the world view of the
"scholars" of history. But that is an extreme example of the
capacity, willingness and bulheadedness of historians to engage
in agnotology (i.e. culturally induced ignorance or doubt) to
avoid admitting even the possibility that their narrative is,
not just flawed due to innocent mistakes, but a product of
status quo defending mens rea.
So what else is new? Humans lie to puff themselves up. We all
know that, right? Or do we?
Here, on this forum, among highly educated, intelligent people.
I occasionally run into assumptions about our history that are
the product of agnotology propaganda. Individuals who are
properly cynical of government motives for doing this, that, or
the other in our time are blissfully accepting of all the
mendacious double talk that infects our history books.
Conspiracy is the norm, not the exception, among powerful and
influential humans now, is it not? WHAT makes you think it
hasn't been the history twisting norm as long as we have been
human?
I wish historians were more open to criticism of their
interpretaton(s) of history. I wish they would NOT leave stuff
out just because they decided a certain event was not key.
No, I'm not here to tell you that George Washingon's wooden
false teeth were really made from Native American pelvic Indian
"Ivory" (I'm kidding!) and he was a Sith Lord. It's true that
walking sticks made from the femur bones of the "savages" were
all the rage among the white well-to-do in our great and grand
cities for over a century after the USA got started, but that's
not what I want to discuss either.
What I am about to discuss is NOT, as the walking sticks and
other bits of European empathy deficit disorderd cruelty, a
conspiracy theory, as many claim (but I don't).
The events I will discuss have all been accepted by modern
historians as factual. What they have not accepted is their
cause and effect relationship.
The case I wish to make is for the tremendous effects, in
subsequent history from 1783 to 1825, of the Laki Volcanic
Eruption.
Natural historical events that coincide in time with human
historical events are rarely given the importance they merit by
the "scholars" that populate the academic institutions. Their
convenient NON-interpretation of, or ignoring of, natural
disasters as key causes of subsequent human historical events
evidences a bias that exaggerates the power of human ideas and
thought over the power of nature.
Our behavior as individuals and as a society is strongly
influenced by any natural disaster that we happen to witness due
to the massive pointless suffering and death involved. We are
generally stunned by such events. This the way it is for most of
us.
But for the elites of powerful, warlike countries, and
conversely among the leaders of the downtrodden of said
countries, natural disasters cause plans to do this or that to
be postponed by the former, and conversely, accelerated by the
latter.
Since the survivors of disasters and/or the victors of wars
write the history books, this cause and effect sequence rarely
makes it to the flag waving masses.
[center][img width=640
height=460]
HTML http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/167272/530wm/E3700104-1755_Lisbon_earthquake-SPL.jpg[/img]
1755 Lisbon Earthquake and Tsunami[/center]
It's a side issue that I mention only briefly now, but Voltaire
was deeply affected by the 1755 earthquake and tsunami which
caused massive human suffering and death. He wrote some biting
satire about the "Best of All Possible Worlds" did he not? TRY
to find how that fits (and believe me, not the historians, it
DOES!) in the historical narrative from that time period AND how
that has affected human society and thinking to this day! You
won't find it. Had the 1755 earthquake and tsunami not occurred,
it is not a stretch to assume that no GIGANTIC society affecting
satire would have been written.
QUOTE: The earthquake and its fallout strongly influenced the
intelligentsia of the European Age of Enlightenment. The noted
writer-philosopher Voltaire used the earthquake in Candide and
in his Po�me sur le d�sastre de Lisbonne ("Poem on the Lisbon
disaster"). Voltaire's Candide attacks the notion that all is
for the best in this, "the best of all possible worlds", a world
closely supervised by a benevolent deity. UNQUOTE
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1755_Lisbon_earthquake
If Voltaire wasn't an atheist before that 1755, I would wager
that the huge loss of life convinced him to eschew theism. I am
not defending his decision. I don't agree with it. I simply
understand where he was coming from. The corrupt church in those
days wasn't exactly a source of inspiration for intellectuals,
or anybody else.
As a Christian, I find it perfectly appropriate for a Just God
to destroy all the churches in Lisbon, along with killing the
Grand Inquisitor of the Catholic Church there, while sparing all
the brothels. Lisbon's "pious" society, all of them claiming to
be Christians, would gather routinely to cheer the burning at
the stake of "heretics" and "those engaging in witchcraft".
Lisbon was one of the richest cities in Europe because of it's
lucrative slave trade and it's lucrative influx of gold. That
gold was mined in South America. That gold was obtained by cruel
forced labor exploitation of South American natives and African
slaves. A portion of that gold found its way into the
spectacular amounts of gold gilding in Lisbon's churches.
Lisbon's churches were the envy of Europe at the time because of
their copious amounts of gold gliding. The Portuguese were
Empathy Deficit Disordered human predators.
So, if God did it, why isn't He more consistent in His wrath? I
don't know. However, what happened in Lisbon seems like a great
example of Divine Justice visited on a particularly blatant
example of egregious religious hypocrisy in the service of greed
and rampant cruelty. People claiming to be Christians are,
according to the Judeo-Christian Scriptures, far more likely to
get Da Business from God than other humans. Google ""Judgement
begins in the house of God"" for details.
But perhaps Voltaire, a product of his time, didn't see it that
way. Voltaire's conclusion was that a Just God would not destroy
Lisbon, so there must not be a God, period. The selective
application of justice was not acceptable for God, according to
Voltaire. That seems logical to me. ;D
However, for humans like Voltaire, selective application of
"Enlightenment" justice, was, though hypocritical in the
extreme, quite acceptable :P. As you will learn in the final
part of this three part article, despite his atheist
"Enlightenment" rhetoric, born of the suffering he observed in
Lisbon (and later in France), Voltaire did not seem to believe
his ideas applied to African slaves.
If you think that earthquake did not change human history all
the way TO THIS EMPATHY DEFICIT DISORDERED, ATHEISM DEFENDING
DAY, you are wrong. But that's another, rather sore, subject. I
KNOW there are WAY TOO MANY cheerleaders for the "Enlightenment"
(see Orwell) here for me to make a dent in their mechanistic
reductionist, cause and effect comfort zones. The flexibility of
those fine fellows in those matters is akin to that of one year
old cured concrete.
So, for the moment, forget I mentioned Voltaire and implied that
the "God is Dead" fun and games that begat Darwin and Empathy
Deficit Disordered profit over planet began with an earthquake
in 1755.

Travel with me back in time to England in the year of our Lord
1783.
[center][img width=640
height=410]
HTML http://www.modelships.de/Verkaufte_Schiffe/Unicorn,_Linienschiff_1/Unicorn_Vorschiff_von_STBgr.JPG[/img]
English two-decker ship of the line[/center]
Ships are, compared with today, small. Even the majestic clipper
ships of the late 19th century have not been invented yet. It
takes over a month to cross the Atlantic from England to the
American Colonies that just successfully revolted. It cost the
crown a lot of money to move a fleet with weapons and soldiers
from England to the American Colonies and prosecute the, now
failed, war effort, thanks to the well timed arrival of a rather
impressive French fleet.
Jamaica is still in the English fold, however. I mention it now
because of the role it played in some Simon Bolivar history
(mentioned in part 3 of this article). I also mention it now
because, unlike the American Colonies, it continued to be
exploited in order to provide commodities for the English
Empire.
As of 1783, the commodities flow coming from the American
Colonies has been severely curtailed for several years and the
English are not happy campers.
England is a Maritime Empire. Testament to that is the fact that
the English language is populated with sailing terms. Ships are
the vessels through which the life blood of this warlike island
nation flows. Ships need to know where they are when they are at
sea. They navigate by compass, some pretty accurate clocks and
sightings of the sun at noon and/or the 'moons of Jupiter
positions' (ephemeris).
Moving ships from here to there profitably is a matter of life
and death for the British Empire. Any interruption in profitable
shipping activity hurts the empire. Warships are profitable only
if they can secure rebellious colonies and protect the
commodities flow from the colonies and the finished goods (the
English colonial "business model") to them.
British America's most valuable exports in the early 1770s, in
order of total value: sugar, tobacco, wheat, rice.
Value of annual British imports to the North American colonies
in the 1770s: nearly �885,000.
HTML http://www.shmoop.com/american-revolution/statistics.html
Let us compare "Now" (1783) to the British national debt about
19 years ago (about ten years before the American Colonies
revolted):
British national debt in 1764: �129,586,789 (this was money that
the British government borrowed from banks and investors, and it
would be the equivalent of tens of trillions of dollars today).
HTML http://www.shmoop.com/american-revolution/statistics.html

The war against the American colonies had finished only in 1782
during Rockingham's second ministry and the wars against most of
the rest of Europe had been concluded by Shelburne's ministry in
1783.
HTML http://www.historyhome.co.uk/c-eight/pitt/taxpitt.htm
Total British casualties from battle and disease in the
Revolutionary War: around 24,000.
HTML http://www.shmoop.com/american-revolution/statistics.html
The Rebellious American Colonies avoided the cost of sending a
fleet across the Atlantic. They did a little better than the
English in the war.
Total American battle casualties in the Revolutionary War: 6,824
(estimates range between this figure and 4,435; some 90% of them
came from the Continental Army).
Total Americans wounded in the Revolutionary War: 8,445.
Total American deaths from disease in the Revolutionary War:
10,000 (approximation).
Total Americans who died in British prisons in the Revolutionary
War: 8,500.
Total Americans captured in the Revolutionary War: 18,152.
HTML http://www.shmoop.com/american-revolution/statistics.html
The British forces under Cornwallis at Yorktown had surrendered
in October of 1781. In March of 1782, the British Government
authorised peace negotiations.
But before the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783 (formally
ending the Revolutionary War), a very big volcanic eruption
began in Iceland. The eruption immediately affected history by
delaying the ratification of the treaty.
Official ratification of the peace accord was delayed for months
by a mix of political logistics and persistent bad weather. The
makeshift U.S. capital in Annapolis, Maryland, was snowbound,
preventing assembly of congressional delegates to ratify the
treaty, while storms and ice across the Atlantic slowed
communications between the two governments. At last, on May 13,
1784, Benjamin Franklin, wrangling matters in Paris, was able to
send the treaty, signed by King George himself, to the Congress.
HTML http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/i10195.pdf
[center]
[img width=640
height=420]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-210815234137.jpeg[/img][/center]
June 8, 1783 the Laki Eruption began. [i]It lasted EIGHT
MONTHS.[i] It killed about 22% of the human population of
Iceland and sixty percent of their grazing animals.
The Laki eruptions had a staggering effect on Iceland itself, in
large part due to the volcanic gases released in the eruption
and not the lava flows themselves.
Sulfur dioxide released by the lava flows stayed close to the
ground (within 5 km) in Iceland, creating acid rains that were
strong enough to burn holes in leaves, kill trees and shrubs and
irritate skin.
The eruption released 8 Mt of fluorine, so as that fluorine
settled out and was incorporated into grasses, grazing livestock
got fluorinosis. Sixty percent of all grazing livestock died due
to the effects of the Laki eruptions. The �Haze Famine� as it is
called in Iceland killed over 10,000 people (~22% of the
population) from famine and disease.
HTML http://www.wired.com/2013/06/local-and-global-impacts-1793-laki-eruption-iceland/
But that was only the beginning.
Continued in [font=times new roman] PART 2[/font]
HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/geopolitics/key-historical-events-that-you-may-have-never-heard-of/msg3685/#msg3685
#Post#: 3685--------------------------------------------------
Re: Key Historical Events ...THAT YOU MAY HAVE NEVER HEARD OF
By: AGelbert Date: August 31, 2015, 1:07 am
---------------------------------------------------------
[center]
[img width=640
height=420]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-210815234137.jpeg[/img][/center]
[center][font=times new roman]The 1783-84 Laki Eruption: A
Catastrophic Volcanic Eruption that Changed the Course of Human
History [/font][/center]
[center] PART 2 of 3 PARTS[/center]
Of the 122 Mt of sulfur dioxide released in the eruption, 95 Mt
made it to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, so it
entered the jet stream and was circulated around the entire
northern hemisphere (see right). The haze quickly reached Europe
and by July 1, 1783, the haze was noticed in China.
There are not many historical records from North America that
mention the arrival of the Laki haze, but tree ring records from
northern Alaska suggest that July and August 1783 were very
cold. The mean temperature in northern Alaska is 11.3�C, but the
mean temperature recorded in May-August 1783 was only 7.2�C.
Russian traders in Alaska noted a population decrease in the
years after the eruption while Inuit oral histories do refer to
a �Summer that did not come� that could correlate with the Laki
eruption as well.
Globally, those 95 Mt of sulfuric dioxide reacted with
atmospheric water to form 200 Mt of sulfuric acid aerosols.
Almost 90% of that sulfuric acid was removed in the form of acid
rain or fogs, while 10% stayed aloft for over a year. This might
explain why northern hemisphere temperatures were 1.3�C below
normal for 2-3 years after the eruption.
Thordarson and Self (2003) created an excellent figure to show
how the sulfur aerosols were dispersed during the eruption (see
below), where 80% was part of the explosive phase of the
eruption and launched 10-15 km, producing distant haze across
the world while 20% came directly from cooling lava flows, so it
stayed close to the ground to produce the local haze in Iceland.
The sulfuric acid was even damaging to crops in Europe, where
noxious dews and frosts (sulfur precipitates) formed. Ash from
the eruption was noted as far away as Venice, Italy and many
places in between.
HTML http://www.wired.com/2013/06/local-and-global-impacts-1793-laki-eruption-iceland/
Here's a graphic of the aerosol spread from the Laki Eruption:
[center][img width=640
height=700]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-210815211528.png[/img][/center]
NOBODY outside of Iceland knew what was causing the haze which
killed people, animals and crops and then made it real, real
cold.
[center]The Laki Eruption effects on England[/center]
"When an Icelandic volcano erupted in 1783, many feared it was
the end of the world..."
By June 22 it was above Le Havre in Normandy, and a day later
arrived in Britain.
Reports at the time stated that the fog was so thick boats
stayed in port, unable to navigate. The skies became
unrecognisable, with 'the sun at noon as blank as a clouded
moon, but lurid and blood- coloured at rising and setting'.
According to an article in Gentleman's Magazine in July 1783, a
visitor to Lincoln reported: 'A thick hot vapour had for several
days before filled up the valley, so that both the Sun and Moon
appeared like heated brick-bars.'
Another account, by Gilbert White in his Naturalist's Journal,
spoke of: 'The peculiar haze or smoky fog that prevailed in this
island and even beyond its limits was a most extraordinary
appearance, unlike anything known within the memory of man.'
But it was perhaps the observations of the travelling evangelist
and founder of Methodism, the Reverend John Wesley, which put
the drama in its most illuminating context.
When he visited Witney in Oxfordshire in 1783 he witnessed a
combination of summer thunderstorms and thick fog which left
inhabitants convinced the end of the world was nigh.
Yet at the time, in the summer of 1783, no one knew why so many
farm labourers and outdoor workers were succumbing to fever and
dying. Nor could they explain the strange, nauseating fog that
had descended on the island, or the peculiar pall it cast over
the sun.
In fact the deadly cloud that shrouded Britain was a toxic mix
of volcanic gases and particles sweeping south from the
eruptions of the Laki Craters in southern Iceland.
The sulphur dioxide and sulphuric rain it contained was
destroying the lungs of its human and animal victims. Just as
devastatingly, crops withered and died leading to famine,
corruption and ugly riots.
This week we have seen the crippling effects of another volcanic
eruption in Iceland. But air-traffic chaos, stranded passengers
and economic fallout pale into insignificance when compared with
the catastrophic events of 1783.
The series of eruptions then - which were severe for five months
and lasted eight months in total - were 100 times stronger than
those we have seen this month (April 2010). They propelled 120
million tonnes of toxic gases into the atmosphere.
Without the benefits of modern science and accurate
meteorological predictions our ancestors had no comprehension of
what was happening to them.
In some parts of eastern and central England entire families of
farm workers (and it was typically the rural workers who toiled
each day outdoors, breathing in great lungfuls of polluted air)
were virtually wiped out.
Families lost their father figures, their breadwinners and their
fit young men, as the shortage of manpower left vast swathes of
produce unpicked.
Farmers had not enough hands to gather their harvest as the
sight of grown men being carried out of the field - many of whom
would die where they were lain - became commonplace. Towns and
villages used to burying only a handful of people each season,
suddenly had to deal with four times the usual number of deaths.
As quickly as the grave- diggers could excavate the plots, men
fell to fill them. Little wonder then that many assumed the
apocalypse was fast approaching.
Describing the unrelenting thunder and lightning, he wrote that:
'Those that were asleep in the town were waked and many thought
the day of judgment had come.'
Throughout the day the panic intensified. 'Men, women and
children flocked out of their houses and kneeled down together
in the streets.' At Sunday service Wesley reported a full
church, 'a sight never seen before'.
Such was the mounting anxiety that many became afraid even to go
to bed - convinced an earthquake or worse would befall them.
Others begged their clergy to carry out exorcisms to rid the
land of this evil.
The poet William Cowper told his friend the fog was wreaking
havoc. 'We never see the sun but shorn of his beams, the trees
are scarce discernable at a mile's distance, he sets with the
face of a hot salamander and rises with the same complexion.'
And Gilbert White, who lived in the Hampshire village of
Selborne, noted: 'There was reason for the most enlightened
person to be apprehensive.'

The effects of the choking ash cloud were compounded by the
abnormally hot summer, combining to frighten even the most
rational of inhabitants.
At some points the heat was so intense that butchers' meat was
rendered inedible just a day after it had been killed and the
flies it attracted irritated the horses, making them treacherous
to ride.
As time wore on, the masking of the sun led to a severe drop in
temperature and frost and ice were reported in many places in
late summer. All vegetation was affected.
Leaves withered, crops failed, insects died in their millions,
preventing the pollination of fruit and flowers. Fruit simply
fell from the trees for lack of nourishment.
Then the effect spread to animals. The first impact was on their
food supply, as reported in a Cambridge newspaper. 'The grazing
land, which only the day before was full of juice and had upon
it the most delightful verdure, did, immediately after this
uncommon event, look as if it had dried up by the sun, and was
to walk on like hay.
'The beans were turned to a whitish colour, the leaf and blade
appearing as if dead.'
At the same time sores and bare patches began appearing on the
skin of the livestock. Little wonder then that this rural chaos
led to disruption of food supplies and prices.
By the autumn of 1783 shortages meant grain was being sold at 30
per cent more than its pre-fog price, sparking protests and
riots.
At Halifax market, men gathered from the surrounding weaving
villages and formed into a mob to force merchants to sell their
wheat and oats at the old prices.
All across the country similar scenes were being played out, and
at ports many even formed blockades to stop producers exporting
grain in order to achieve higher prices.
At the same time the fog was continuing to claim thousands of
human lives. Tragically, it was often the younger and fitter
members of the community as they were typically the agricultural
workers who spent most of their time outdoors in the fields,
breathing in the deadly particles falling from the sky.
Recent analysis of climate detail and burial records shows
eastern and central England saw their death tolls rise most. And
even when the fog finally began to dissipate, the gases in the
atmosphere continued to divert the sun's rays, precipitating a
period of global cooling and the abnormally cold winter of
1783/4 which saw temperatures hit their lowest level for
centuries.
Mercury levels were typically two degrees celsius below the norm
and Selborne in Hampshire experienced 28 continuous days of
frost.
For many, the twin catastrophes of the extremely hot then
extremely cold weather coupled with the choking dry fog were
attributed to God, but as this was the age of the European
Enlightenment, other theories, not dependent on religion, began
to emerge.
In the days before global communication and mass media, it was
several months before word of the Laki explosions filtered
through to the rest of the world.
Even with that knowledge no one could prove the connection (a
feat achieved only relatively recently). Anyway, by that time
the effects of the fog were beginning to decline and Britain had
new worries to contend with.
The last quarter of the 18th century was dominated by the
aftermath of American Independence and the looming French
Revolution. Consumed by these events, historians lost interest
in the dry fog.
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/gen152.gif
It is only now, as we once again face the cataclysmic effects of
Mother Nature, that the true significance of those distant
events can be put into perspective.
� Adapted from Britain's Rottenest Years by Derek Wilson,
published by Short Books, �12.99. To order a copy at �11.70 (p&p
free), call 0845 155 0720.
HTML http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1268405/And-thought-THIS-eruption-nasty-When-Icelandic-volcano-erupted-1783-feared-end-world-.html#ixzz3jVNLiICD 
[center]
Increase in Mortality in England directly caused by the Laki
Eruption[/center]
Through analysis of monthly burial data we have revealedthat two
periods of mortality crisis occurred in Englandduring the Laki
Craters eruption. The first mortality crisis peak occurred in
August and September 1783, nearly two months after the start of
the eruption and the first reported appearance of haze in
England, and the second peak occurred in January and February
1784, with mortality re-maining above normal in the following
two months. If the parish data are assumed to be representative
of England as a whole, then the peaks represent ~19,700 extra
deaths in the country during this period.
HTML http://www.academia.edu/3860865/Mortality_in_England_during_the_1783_4_Laki_Craters_eruption
Below please find an example of historical facts that completely
ignore the deleterious effects of the Laki Eruption on British
coffers. Nevertheless, anybody that can add and subtract, if
they compare things as they ARE in 1784 to the way they were a
mere 20 years earlier (British national debt in 1764:
�129,586,789), understands that England was in no position to
wage war for several years to come:
... Britain's economic condition in 1784 apparently bordered on
catastrophe.
the National Debt stood at �250 million. [i]That was twenty
times the annual revenue of �12.5 million from taxes [/i]
the annual interest on government borrowing, which stood at
about �8.3 million, automatically produced a deficit which was
funded by further borrowing resulting in increased interest and
an even greater deficit.
National bankruptcy was a strong possibility.
HTML http://www.historyhome.co.uk/c-eight/pitt/taxpitt.htm
[center]
Profound effects of eight-month eruption in 1783 caused chaos
from US to Egypt, [/center]
SNIPPET:
Then, as now, there were more wide-ranging impacts. In Norway,
the Netherlands, the British Isles, France, Germany, Italy,
Spain, in North America and even Egypt, the Laki eruption had
its consequences, as the haze of dust and sulphur particles
thrown up by the volcano was carried over much of the northern
hemisphere.
[center]
[img width=640
height=360]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-210815223137.png[/img][/center]
Ships moored up in many ports, effectively fogbound. Crops were
affected as the fall-out from the continuing eruption coincided
with an abnormally hot summer. A clergyman, the Rev Sir John
Cullum, wrote to the Royal Society that barley crops "became
brown and withered � as did the leaves of the oats; the rye had
the appearance of being mildewed".
"The sun, at noon, looked as blank as a clouded moon, and shed a
rust-coloured ferruginous light on the ground, and floors of
rooms; but was particularly lurid and blood-coloured at rising
and setting. At the same time the heat was so intense that
butchers' meat could hardly be eaten on the day after it was
killed; and the flies swarmed so in the lanes and hedges that
they rendered the horses half frantic
� the country people began to look with a superstitious awe, at
the red, louring aspect of the sun."
Across the Atlantic, Benjamin Franklin wrote of "a constant fog
over all Europe, and a great part of North America".
The disruption to weather patterns meant the ensuing winter was
unusually harsh, with consequent spring flooding claiming more
lives. In America the Mississippi reportedly froze at New
Orleans. :o
HTML http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/apr/15/iceland-volcano-weather-french-revolution
The wretched state of the British economy kept the Brits licking
their wounds while the Laki Eruption caused crop failures and
famines in France that served as triggers for the French
Revolution in 1789.
As usual, the historians list all the social problems festering
at the time as primary causes. I believe they contributed, but
were not the primary causes. Despotism wasn't exactly a new fad
in Europe, was it? Historians also give a lot of credit to the
"Enlightenment" for said Revolution. Of course, those factors
are real. But without the crop failures and the famines, THAT
Revolution would probably have occurred much later than 1789.
The Haitians took a keen interest in the French Revolution.
Here's the "scholarly" Cliffs Notes type boilerplate for the
French Revolution. NOTICE (i.e. LACK of bold font ;)) how the
lack of available food is low balled in comparison to the
"Enlightenment" and the "American Revolution". LOL!
[center]
[img width=640
height=480]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-310815020413.png[/img][/center]
HELLO? WHERE is the Laki Eruption that caused the crop failures
that caused the famines that caused the high food prices and
bread riots that were, ADMITTEDLY (by academia) a sine qua non
factor in the French Revolution?
Richard Saul Wurman knows his history. And he is not happy about
how we are not taught the historical cause and effect FACTS of
history in general, and the MAIN cause of the French Revolution
in particular.
He has been awarded several honorary doctorates, Graham
Fellowships, a Guggenheim and numerous grants from the National
Endowment for the Arts as well as the Distinguished Professor at
Northeastern University. He is the recipient of the Lifetime
Achievement Award from the Smithsonian, Cooper-Hewitt Museum.
Wurman has also been awarded the Annual Gold Medal from Trinity
College, Dublin, Ireland, a Gold Medal from AIGA and will
receive the Boston Science Museum�s 50th Annual Bradford
Washburn Award in October, 2014. He is also a Fellow of the AIA
and in the Art Director�s Club Hall of Fame.
PLEASE, take 3 minutes of your time and watch this Richard Saul
Wurman video (start at the one minute mark):
[center]The Volcano That Caused the French Revolution [/center]
[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/71Jqaz6ex9I
[/center]
TED founder Richard Saul Wurman believes knowledge of history is
crucial to understanding our present and future. On today's
EPIPHANY Wurman shares a now obscure story about a volcano that
altered the course of history.
Conservative estimates are that 5 MILLION people died from the
THREE YEAR EFFECTS (1783- 1786) of the Laki Eruption.
End of Part 2.
Part 3 of 3 Parts
HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/geopolitics/key-historical-events-that-you-may-have-never-heard-of/msg3712/#msg3712 
Read Part 1 [font=times new roman] HERE.[/font]
HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/geopolitics/key-historical-events-that-you-may-have-never-heard-of/msg3654/#msg3654
#Post#: 3712--------------------------------------------------
Re: Key Historical Events ...THAT YOU MAY HAVE NEVER HEARD OF
By: AGelbert Date: September 3, 2015, 7:13 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
[center][font=times new roman]The 1783-84 Laki Eruption: A
Catastrophic Volcanic Eruption that Changed the Course of Human
History [/font][/center]
[center] PART 3 of 3 PARTS[/center]
[center][img width=640
height=480]
HTML http://library.brown.edu/haitihistory/images/louis.jpg[/img][/center]
21 Sept 1792 - In France, The Republic is declared, abolishing
the monarchy. In January of the following year Louis XVI is
beheaded.
Upheavals in France and Saint-Domingue 1792�1796
HTML http://library.brown.edu/haitihistory/7.html
Ideas don't move people to Revolution if they are well fed. How
is it possible that historians don't know that? Downtrodden
people resist change (see long train of abuses) unless they lose
all hope of a reasonable existence. Losing all hope is what
famines do to people when the Empathy Deficit Disordered
"Enlightened" elite that rule their country turn a blind eye to
the starvation of the masses. "Enlightenment", my ass! Most of
the people in France couldn't even read!
The ones sucking up Voltaire were part of the OPPRESSOR class.
They loved all his pretty words about equality and justice, as
long as the rabble never read them. Yeah, the church (that
pretended to be Christian, while in truth it had eschewed all
Christian ethics and embraced elite cruelty) was part of that
same corrupt and cruel class too. But the very definition of
ethical behavior was (and is) RELATIVE for the "enlightenment".
You call THAT an improvement? Yeah, most readers here do. :(
It really torques me that historians try to cast "Enlightenment"
ideas as some sort of "hunger and thirst for justice" magic wand
that produced the French Revolution. Such stuffed shirt, idea
glorifying arrogance is breathtaking! But, it is expected from
insulated ivory tower types that have never missed a meal.
Or perhaps they know better and, in order to not miss any meals
and retain their tenure job security, are just toeing the lock
step line dictated to them by the history "sanitizing"
propagandists.
Ashvin, a scholar and a lawyer, said the following hard truth
that modern academics refuse to accept: [quote] Secular
ideologies can be abused and cause just as much harm as
religious ones, and if there was ever any doubt about this fact,
they should have been stripped away by the events of the 20th
century. [/quote]
At any rate , for those who have their eyes open, you can SEE
the results of the "Enlightenment" ALL AROUND YOU in the year
2015. :P
But for now, we are in Haiti in 1790. The French Revolution is a
green light for the ever opportunistic English to see what they
can conquer in France. France has a dictator in the wings called
Napoleon, who was working his way up the ranks at the time. I'm
sure he had lots of enlightened ideas about equality, fraternity
and so on...
Here's a timeline of all the "fun and games" going on back then:
Principal Dates and Time Line of the French Revolution
HTML https://www.marxists.org/history/france/revolution/timeline.htm
Any historian will acknowledge that the opportunistic English
aggression against the French was directly connected with French
weakness from the Revolution. But for some reason, they fail to
make the SAME connection with the motivation of the slaves in
Haiti to cast off the slavery yoke.
The French sent some dudes down to Haiti to tell them all about
equality, fraternity and so on. The slave owners were nervous
about that even though, of course, they knew that equality stuff
(probably) did not apply to the slaves. Nevertheless, the slave
plantation owners were not amused. The Haitians were.
Both groups thought it was happy talk propaganda. History has
proven them right.
But at the time, the slaves decided to do a little liberty,
equality and fraternity of their own. Which brings us to August
22, 1791.
[center][img width=640
height=480]
HTML http://www.cpcml.ca/images2014/LatAmCaribbean/Haiti/File/CombatdeVertieres-PatrickNoze2004.jpg[/img][/center]
[center]How the French Revolution triggered the Revolution in
Haiti[/center]
SNIPPET:
One must emphasize the struggles that had been occurring for
decades prior to the 1791 outbreak of full-scale rebellion. Yet
the French Revolution was also crucially important, for the
conflicts between whites about what exactly its ideals meant
triggered an opportunity for blacks.
HTML http://scholar.library.miami.edu/slaves/san_domingo_revolution/revolution.html
In the following video, the historical importance of the Haitian
Revolution in concert with the American Revolution and French
Revolution is clearly established. It is a historically accurate
video about Haiti.
Somehow Voltaire never managed to voice any defense of the
Haitian Revolution. Perhaps the FACT that Haiti provided two
fifths of French overseas trade had something to do with that
hypocrisy by Voltaire and his "enlightened" luminaries ;).
Haiti was known as the Pearl of the Antilles. Haiti, little
bigger than Maryland, was the richest colony in the new world,
producing HALF of the word's sugar.
[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/Sqh1h8SEcEc[/center]
[center][img width=640
height=420]
HTML http://www.frettatiminn.is/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/856238_21617091_460x306.jpg[/img][/center]
[center]General Toussaint Louverture[/center]
February 1793 - Rebel leaders, including Toussaint Louverture,
join Spanish forces to fight against the French. France declares
war on England and Holland
Agelbert NOTE: The forces of the North or the South, as referred
to below, are in regard to Haitian geography.
Early June 1793 - Louverture offers to aid French General
Laveaux, Chief Commander of the republican forces in the North.
Louverture offers his support and 5,000-6,000 troops in exchange
for full amnesty and general emancipation. Laveaux refuses and
Louverture continues to aid the Spanish for another full year.
20 September 1793 - British troops sever ties between the North
and South, isolating the provinces from each other as the
Europeans, planters and rebels all fight for control. The
British intend to restore order, make Saint-Domingue a British
colony, and reinstate slavery.
[center][img width=200
height=290]
HTML http://library.brown.edu/haitihistory/images/rigaud.gif[/img][/center]
[center][I]Benoit Joseph Andr� Rigaud (1761 � 18 September 1811)
was the leading mulatto military leader during the Ha�tian
Revolution. Among his prot�g�s were Alexandre P�tion and
Jean-Pierre Boyer, both future presidents of Ha�ti.[/I][/center]
[center]
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Rigaud[/center]
Land ownership in Saint-Domingue was a critical issue before,
during, and after the Haitian Revolution. Land ownership granted
access to power and prosperity and was sought after by all of
the colony�s social classes.
During the build up to the revolution whites were increasingly
threatened by the mulattoes and free blacks who were becoming
powerful landowners. At the beginning of the revolution, one of
the slaves� central demands was to have small plots of land and
an additional free day during the week to cultivate them. Later
on, during Louverture�s reign, laborers objected to his
adherence to a plantation-based economy which required blacks to
work land that was not theirs. [img width=25
height=30]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-080515182559.png[/img]
Through the course of the revolution, and in the years
following, former slaves felt owning land was critical in order
to truly claim their freedom.
HTML http://www.desismileys.com/smileys/desismileys_0293.gif
To that
end they fought for the colonists � and even their own leaders �
for land rights, never giving up their goal to own the fields
they worked in.
[center]
[img width=640
height=520]
HTML http://image.slidesharecdn.com/2haiti-141022035158-conversion-gate02/95/2-haiti-23-638.jpg?cb=1413949989[/img][/center]
29 August 1793 - Sonthonax issues a General Emancipation decree
abolishing slavery in the North. More slaves in the colony have
their freedom than ever before. Monsieur Artaud, one of the
colony�s wealthiest planters with more than 1,000 slaves, tells
Sonthonax that �only universal freedom could spare the whites
from being totally annihilated.�
Agelbert NOTE: The "issue" of potential annihilation is often
presented in historical narratives involving the decision by
European whites to agree to reforms that provide African slaves
with freedom. But, as you will see, these reforms are mostly on
paper.
What you are seeing here is a precursor to a similar white
reaction to freed slaves in the US in the South after the Civil
war. And even before that, in the American Revolutionary war,
both sides offered freedom to African slaves in return for
becoming cannon fodder. As soon as the war was over, most of the
promised freedoms were arrogantly discarded. It's all documented
in "The Unsteady March", a truthful, hard hitting, thoroughly
referenced, scholarly work on African American history from the
first colonies in North America to the present.
Returning to Haiti in 1793:
Following decrees further restrict punishments and grant minimal
pay to slaves � now called �laborers� � in the colony. Skilled
laborers are legally allowed on administrative councils.
However, the declarations of freedom are bound solely to
theoretical property rights. Slaves are still regulated by the
government, legally bound to the same plantations and masters.
Their daily lives change little. In protest, many slaves go on
strike, arriving to the fields late, leaving early, and doing
little work. Disarmed, many former rebels turn to vagrancy as
their main form of resistance. Notably, women demand that they
are granted equal pay and rights as men. Under the current
system women are held to the same rules and punishments but paid
only two thirds of men's wages.
Upheavals in France and Saint-Domingue 1792�1796
HTML http://library.brown.edu/haitihistory/7.html
CLEARLY, the African-Haitians wanted exactly the same things
that American and French Revolutionaries wanted.
African-Haitians were not stupid, backward or unable to grasp.
or take responsibility for, Liberty. Even the women were far
more progressive than American, English or French women of that
time period!
The Haitians, despite a brief period of working with France
against the British and Spanish, decided to get rid of the
"liberty, equality, fraternity " rhetoric spouting French once
and for all. WHY? Because the Haitians discovered that the
French had no intention of treating African-Haitians as anything
but commodities to exploit, PERIOD.
For those who don't get that, a cursory look at all the post
French Revolution rhetoric coming from France (i.e.
proclamations and laws about this, that and the other in regard
to ending slavery and codifying freedom for the Haitian blacks)
will reveal that Napoleon reversed ALL of it in short order.
The Haitians got the message. They sent their own message to the
French troops. This was VERY expensive for France. Over fifty
Thousand French soldiers had died by 1803. France, with its new
emperor Napoleon, had tried to reinstate slavery. France lost
many soldiers, ships and stopped getting sugar from the Pearl of
the Antilles.
Casualty Facts Haitian Revolution
HTML http://wars.findthedata.com/l/8/Haitian-Revolution
Napoleon needed money to keep his war machine up to snuff. As
you know, he had plans for expanding his "empire" to the east,
as well as war with England. He had a racist friend in the USA
(always happy to do anything he could to give England a hard
time) named Thomas Jefferson who helped him get it. It was
called the Louisiana Purchase.
The back story to the Louisiana Purchase, not taught to most
Americans, is that France only got "title" to that massive
amount of land from Spain in 1800!
On October 1, 1800, Spain ceded the Louisiana Territory to
France in the Treaty of San Ildefonso. The territory was equal
in size to the entire United States at the time. Napoleon
Bonaparte envisioned a Caribbean empire, with the Louisiana
Territory providing the resources to support the center of the
empire on the island of Santo Domingo (now Haiti). At the time
the Treaty of San Ildefonso was signed, Santo Domingo was
controlled by former slaves, under Toussaint L'Ouverture, who
had driven their masters from the island. Napoleon dispatched
the French army to regain control of the island, but the
islanders met the troops with fierce resistance. Faced with this
resistance, and many troops suffering from yellow fever, the
French retreated in defeat. Napoleon gave up on his plan for a
Caribbean empire.
By 1802, France had still not taken control of the Louisiana
Territory, leaving it in the hands of the Spanish despite the
fact that the land belonged to France. In October 1802, the
Spanish colonial administrator in New Orleans prohibited
American crops from being deposited at the port of New Orleans
before being shipped to other nations. This severely constricted
US commerce in the southwest, and many Americans believed,
incorrectly, that the order had actually come from Napoleon.
Fears of French control of the Louisiana Territory, and
especially of New Orleans, loomed large. Jefferson began efforts
to ingratiate himself to the British in preparation for
enlisting their aid against the French.
HTML http://www.coh2.org/images/Smileys/huhsign.gif 
HTML http://www.desismileys.com/smileys/desismileys_2932.gif
Jefferson sent James Monroe and Robert Livingston to France with
the intention of negotiating the purchase of the port of New
Orleans, in an attempt to end, at long last, American
difficulties there.
He also instructed them to negotiate the purchase, if possible,
of as much of Florida as possible. However, the envoy found
Napoleon had given up on his plan for a Caribbean empire in
order to focus on the war in Europe.
HTML http://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/firstyears/section6.rhtml
You do not have to be a rocket scientist to understand why no
French defeat in Haiti would have meant no Louisiana Purchase!
Napoleon figured if he could get a quick influx of money from a
deal with the United States, he could curry some favor with his
own people as he geared up for more war with England. The $15
million deal was broken down as such:
The French received $2 million cash up front.
France received 60 million francs ($11.25 million) over the
20-year loan.
The French debt of 20 million francs ($3.75 million) to the
United States was forgiven.
HTML http://history.howstuffworks.com/revolutionary-war/louisiana-purchase2.htm
Napoleon was also already slugging it out with England when the
Haitians kicked the French out.
1801 Battle of Aboukir 8 March � British-Turkish army under Sir
Ralph Abernathy defeats French Army of Egypt under Jacques de
Menou
1801 First Battle of Algeciras 6 July � English naval defeat by
French
1802 Battle of Delhi 11 September � British forces under Gerard
Lake defeat Maratha forces led by French officer Louis Bourquin
Battle of Assaye
1802 18 November � Haitians defeat French in last battle of war
of independence
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_battles_1801%E2%80%931900
The Englsh had gradually bounced back from the dark days in 1783
to a robust economy that could finance predatory capitalist
wars.

Pitt the Younger became PM in December 1783 at the age of 22.
The effects of Pitt's economic policies were a substantial
increase in Britain's trade and an upturn in the economy.
Confidence was restored in the �. Worries, especially over the
National Debt, ended and more people were prepared and able to
lend to Government at guaranteed rates of interest.
Anglo-American trade quadrupled, providing an example of the
effectiveness of free trade.
Pitt rebuilt the financial foundations of Britain, which later
enabled him to subsidise European armies to fight France in the
French wars.
As 1804 begins, Thomas Jefferson, having digested the news of
the French defeat in Haiti, is in a panic (and high dungeon)
over the very idea that African slaves are running their own
country. ALL the despotic colonial powers were in full agreement
to DO what they DO to "uppity" Africans. That is, if it was too
hard to defeat them in combat, then white=civilized countries
would agree to not give them loans of any sort, allow their
ships to engage in commerce with "civilized" nations or buy
their export commodities. It is right and proper for
"civilized" folks to treat "uncivilized" blacks in an
uncivilized manner, right? Ah, the smell of Orwellian
enlightenment in 1803.
Not much changed for well over a century. And when it did
change, it was when American military forces INVADED Haiti and
set up a puppet government to start the predatory capitalist
"business model" shafting the Haitians all over again. Whitey
just loves to have fun, don't he? THAT is why Haiti has not done
better.

When France finally recognized Haiti in 1825, something Haiti
sorely needed to trade internationally, the massive
"reparations" Haiti was forced to pay kept the nation without
working capital to improve its infrastructure and economy for
OVER a century. The "debt" (with lots of usurious interest, of
course) was not paid of until 1947! French Liberty, Equality,
Fraternity and the "Enlightenment"? I don't think so. Hypocrisy
and empty rhetoric is more like it.
But l digress. The English took note of the Louisiana Purchase.
Tell me, dear readers, how do you think the English received the
news that the "traitor" Jefferson was helping Napoleon spruce up
his war machine? Napoleon wasn't going to use that money for
spreading Liberty, Equality and Fraternity, was he?
I do believe the English Maritime Empire, now with a healthy
economy, was thinking that:
1) France was weakened BY THE LOSS OF HAITI.
2) The Rebellious American Colonies were giving money to an
enemy of England.
3) Said American Colonies could still count on French help as
long as Napoleon was a threat to England.
4) When, not if, France was eliminated as a threat to England,
the Rebellious American Colonies were in line for a good
thrashing (and good, properly dictated, trade deals!).
SO, the British Empire, in 1803, continued to kick French ass
whenever and wherever they could. The Americans would be dealt
with by English maritime "policies" until France was out of the
picture. Then a military visit to the American Colonies would
be in order.
[center][img width=640
height=940]
HTML http://www.bl.uk/britishlibrary/~/media/bl/global/english-online/collection-items-manual/a/s/s/assorted-collection-067254.jpg[/img][/center]
[center]1803 British war song against the French[/I] [/center]
The amazing amount of hero worshipping glorification of Thomas
Jefferson's OBVIOUS unconstitutional embrace of the Louisiana
Purchase by historians is breathtaking, if not downright
Orwellian.

They go to great lengths to call Jefferson a "strict
constructionist" (because of all his high flying Constitutional
rhetoric, still liberally quoted to this day). They want us to
picture him as being involved in soul searching and hand
wringing about whether to make the deal with Napoleon or not.
They say he considered "making it legal" by getting an
Amendment to the Constitution passed that would authorize the
purchase of FOREIGN lands.
He didn't need to bother. The US Congress, despite some hemming
and hawing from Federalists, went for the Louisiana Purchase
like bees to honey.
As usual in the USA, when expansion is in play, the Constitution
is just a piece of paper to be amended at oligarchic will. The
historians are then tasked with burying all the bodies and
providing sainthood for the oligarchs. So it is with Jefferson.
The historians even try to portray Jefferson as a big enemy of
Napoleon. That too is Orwellian. Jefferson admired, then feared
Napoleon.
An objective analysis of history at that time shows that
Jefferson's concern for English agression against the USA was
his main worry. Historians today try to paint Jefferson as
trying to "ingratiate" the USA with England. That is simply NOT
TRUE. Jefferson understood England quite well. He KNEW they
would be back to the the US mainland in high dungeon as soon as
they could. The Brits, especially from the Revolution on up to
1806, were NOT the forgiving sort.
The American Revolution, followed by the Laki Eruption, almost
destroyed England. Were in the hell do historians get the idea
that the Brits were not extremely angry with the Rebellious
Colonies all the way up to the War of 1812 and a few decades
after?
Moving right along, we now arrive at 1806. Napoleon rattles his
saber at England.
A chain of cause and effect events, begun by the Laki Eruption,
followed by the French Revolution, followed by the Revolution in
Haiti, followed by the French defeat in Haiti, followed by
Napoleon's new plan to focus on Europe instead of the Caribbean,
followed by the Louisiana purchase, followed by Napoleon getting
funds to build up his war machine, [i]now brings about the
conditions for the War of 1812.

In 1806 France prohibited all neutral trade with Great Britain
and in 1807 Great Britain banned trade between France, her
allies, and the Americas. The US Congress passed an embargo act
in 1807 in retaliation, prohibiting U.S. vessels from trading
with European nations, and later the Non-Intercourse Acts, aimed
solely at France and Britain.
The embargo and non-intercourse act proved ineffective and in
1810 the United States reopened trade with France and Great
Britain provided they ceased their blockades against neutral
trading.
Great Britain continued to stop American merchant ships to
search for Royal Navy deserters, to impress American seamen on
the high seas into the Royal Navy, and to enforce its blockade
of neutral commerce. Madison made the issue of impressment from
ships under the American flag a matter of national
sovereignty�even after the British agreed to end the practice
[img width=40
height=40]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-051113192052.png[/img] �and asked Congress for a declaration of War on Great Britain
on
June 1, 1812. Many who supported the call to arms saw British
and Spanish territory in North America as potential prizes to be
won by battle or negotiations after a successful war.
Pro-British Federalists in Washington were outraged by what they
considered Republican favoritism toward France. The leading
Republican, Thomas Jefferson responded, that �the English being
equally tyrannical at sea as he [Napoleon] is on land, and that
tyranny bearing on us in every point of either honor or
interest, I say �down with England.��
The United States declared the war on Britain.
HTML https://history.state.gov/milestones/1801-1829/war-of-1812
Agelbert NOTE: If you don't think the Brits, (as soon as they
had a strong economy post 1803) weren't deliberately goading the
USA to war, you are a history challenged historian. We learned
that Modus Operandi from the Brits! It works every time!
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-200714191329.bmp
The Brits were giving France (and Argentina) a hard time and
winning. The British Empire was on the move.
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/pirates5B15D_th.gif
1811 � Battle of Paraguar� 19 January - Revolutionary
Argentinian forces are defeated by Royalist troops
Battle of Barrosa 5 March � Minor British victory during
Peninsular War
Battle of Tacuar� 9 March - Revolutionary Argentinian forces are
defeated by Royalist troops
Battle of Lissa 13 March � British fleet defeats French fleet
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_battles_1801%E2%80%931900
And then the WINDOW England had been waiting for to enable her
to give the Rebellious Colonies a thrashing, opened up.
After Napoleon�s disastrous Russian campaign of 1812, the
British concentrated on the American continent, enacting a
crippling blockading of the east coast, attacking Washington and
burning the White House and other Government buildings, and
acquiring territory in Maine and the Great Lakes region.
American forces, however, won important naval and military
victories at sea, on Lake Champlain, and at Baltimore and
Detroit. Canadians defeated an American invasion of Lower
Canada. By 1814 neither side could claim a clear victory and
both war weary combatants looked to a peaceful settlement.
Under the mediation of the Czar of Russia, Great Britain and the
United States came together in the summer of 1814 to negotiate
the terms of peace.
HTML https://history.state.gov/milestones/1801-1829/war-of-1812
Meanwhile, Haiti was isolated and embargoed by all the maritime
powers. Finally, France recognized Haiti in 1825 in return for
onerous payments plus interest that keep that nation in dire
straights. The "debt" was not paid until 1947. Consider what
NAZI Germany did to the planet. THEIR DEBT was mosty reduced to
peanuts within TEN YEARS of WWII!
But let us go back to the year 1815.
Haiti, unlike the European powers and the USA, actually tried to
live up to the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity, at
least for a while, until they were forced by cruel, racist
embargoes into poverty, which opened the door to massive,
foreign imposed, corruption.
In 1815, they were a shining beacon of hope for freedom for
enslaved people in general and enslaved Africans in particular.
That is why Thomas Jefferson hated them. That is why historians
downplay the following event. If they gave it the importance it
deserves, the European powers and the USA would look like the
despotic, racist oligarchies that they were.
[center][img width=300
height=600]
HTML https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Bolivar_Arturo_Michelena.jpg[/img]
Sim�n Jos� Antonio de la Sant�sima Trinidad Bol�var y Palacios
(known to gringos as Simon Bolivar ;D) [/center]
Simon Bolivar is famous for leading a successful campaign to
liberate a large part of South America from the Spanish. But he
would have failed in this noble effort if Haiti had not granted
him sanctuary at a crucial time. This is a key historical event
of incalcualble importance. Despite this key help by Haiti,
Bolivar was a bit of ingrate.
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-200714183337.bmp
In 1815, after a number of political and military disputes with
the government of Cartagena, Bol�var fled to Jamaica, where he
was denied support and an attempt was made on his
life,[sup][14][/sup] after which he fled to Haiti, where he was
granted sanctuary and protection. He befriended Alexandre
P�tion, the leader of the newly independent country, and
petitioned him for aid.[sup][13][/sup]
In 1816, with Haitian soldiers and vital material support,
Bol�var landed in Venezuela and fulfilled his promise to
Alexandre P�tion to free Spanish America's slaves on 2 June
1816.[sup][8]:186[/sup]
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar
Sim�n Bol�var received help from the Haitian goverment under
Alexandre P�tion for his military campaigns. P�tion secretly
supplied Bol�var with 4,000 muskets, 15,000 pounds of powder,
flints, lead and a printing press and asked in return for South
America�s slaves to be freed. (Heinl p. 158 � See also footnote
430 of The Struggle for the Recognition of Haiti�).
Bol�var left Haiti on April 10, 1816 for Venezuela, but returned
in mid September of that year to Les Cayes after lost battles in
South America. Resupplied by P�tion he sailed again from Haiti
on December 28, 1816, this time to successfully conclude his
struggle for South American liberation from colonialism. The
Haitian help was given because he promised to free slaves,
Bol�var landed in Venezuela and captured Angostura.
Despite the crucial logistical support from Haiti, Bol�var never
recognized the independence of the former French colony
Saint-Domingue.
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-200714183337.bmp
Latin America�s Debt to Haiti: The Untold Story
HTML https://thoughtmerchant.wordpress.com/2010/01/15/latin-americas-debt-to-haiti-the-untold-story/
As I told Surly before, in so many words, the people of this
world, who actually WALK the "liberty, equality fratenity" TALK,
owe Haiti a giant debt of gratitude for all they have done in
the service of freedom.
Alas, Haiti has instead been treated with cruelty, disdain and
'blame the victim' vicious propaganda born of Racism and Empathy
Deficit Disorder.
Human power structures are infested and dominated by aquisitive,
opportunistic, aggressive, greedy, oligarchic, tyrannical but,
oh so polished, educated and erudite humans that dress up
Empathy Deficit Disordered behavior in laws, literature,
religion and high flying rhetoric.
But historians need to eat, so they tell us nice fairy tales
about our ancestors. [img width=80
height=40]
HTML http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_9HT4xZyDmh4/TOHhxzA0wLI/AAAAAAAAEUk/oeHDS2cfxWQ/s200/Smiley_Angel_Wings_Halo.jpg[/img] Have a nice day.
[center][img width=440
height=560]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-030915214517.png[/img][/center]
[center]Computer graphics depiction of a ship cruising calmly in
Lisbon harbor just before the 1755 earthquake and tsunami that
destroyed Lisbon.[/center]
[quote]
"Facts do not cease to exist because they are ignored." --
Aldous Huxley[/quote]
[quote]"The price of apathy towards public affairs is to be
ruled by evil men." - Plato [/quote]
[quote]"Technical knowledge of Carrying Capacity will not save
us; only a massive increase in Caring Capacity will." -- A. G.
Gelbert[/quote]
[font=times new roman]The 1783-84 Laki Eruption: A Catastrophic
Volcanic Eruption that Changed the Course of Human History Part
1 of 3 Parts[/font]
HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/geopolitics/key-historical-events-that-you-may-have-never-heard-of/msg3654/#msg3654
[color=red][font=times new roman]The 1783-84 Laki Eruption: A
Catastrophic Volcanic Eruption that Changed the Course of Human
History Part 2[/font]
HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/geopolitics/key-historical-events-that-you-may-have-never-heard-of/msg3685/#msg3685 
[color=purple][font=times new roman]The 1783-84 Laki Eruption:
A Catastrophic Volcanic Eruption that Changed the Course of
Human History Part 3[/font]
HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/geopolitics/key-historical-events-that-you-may-have-never-heard-of/msg3712/#msg3712 
#Post#: 3731--------------------------------------------------
Re: Key Historical Events ...THAT YOU MAY HAVE NEVER HEARD OF
By: AGelbert Date: September 7, 2015, 7:26 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
Please watch this video on U-tube:
[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/cc_dOEkw5Gs[/center]
[quote]
�Two centuries ago, a former European colony decided to catch up
with Europe. It succeeded so well that the United States of
America became a monster, in which the taints, the sickness and
the inhumanity of Europe have grown to appalling dimensions�
&#8213; Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth[/quote]
[quote]This mythical narrative is disseminated in films, on
television, by the press, in churches, in universities and by
the state. It is a lie. But it is a lie that works.
And it works because it is what we want. It appeals to our
fantasies about ourselves:
that we are a virtuous people,
that God has blessed us above others,
that we have the highest form of civilization,
that we have been anointed to police the world and make it safe,
that we are the most powerful and righteous nation on earth,
that we are always assured of victory,
that we have a right to kill in the name of nationalist
values�values determined by our naked self-interest and that we
conveniently define as universal. - Chris Hedges[/quote]
HTML http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/the_real_enemy_is_within_20150906
[center]
[img width=640
height=530]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-220815161550.png[/img][/center]
[center] [img width=400
height=200]
HTML http://www.mrwallpaper.com/wallpapers/Sad-Sunflower.jpg[/img][/center]
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