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#Post#: 2520--------------------------------------------------
Re: Geothermal Power
By: AGelbert Date: January 8, 2015, 8:58 pm
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China’s Geothermal Energy Sector Demonstrates Great Growth
Potential
Liu Yuanyuan, International Correspondent
January 08, 2015
BEIJING -- The first China Geothermal Forum, with a focus on
innovation and leadership across the sector as well as on
driving the sustainable development and utilization of the
energy, was recently held in Beijing. According to data released
by the forum, the country is expected to develop a heating and
cooling area powered by the geothermal energy of up to 500
million square meters and increase installation capacity based
on geothermal power generation to 100,000 kilowatts by 2015.
Liu Qi, deputy director of the National Energy Administration of
China, pointed out at the forum that the twin issues of
environmental pollution and climate change are making geothermal
a favorable choice as the country improves energy efficiency,
adjusts the energy structure and develops clean energies. Qi
said that it is an opportune time to promote the sustainable
development and utilization of geothermal energy, as China is
home to a variety of abundant geothermal resources that are
well-distributed across the country. The growth potential of
geothermal means that the technology could play an increasingly
important role in reducing the existing high level of pollution
and promoting an ecological consciousness.
Data shows that about one sixth of the world's geothermal
resources are located in China, and it leads the world in
direct-use volume, according to China Academy of Engineering
research fellow Cao Yaofeng. However, the country has lagged in
geothermal power development, and as a result in 2010 it ranked
only 18th worldwide in terms of geothermal power installed
capacity. [img width=30
height=30]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-141113183729.png[/img]
Over the last few years, the central government as well as
several local governments have revised and issued a series of
policies, regulations and technological specifications,
including the Renewable Energy Law, that aim to boost healthy
development. The recently released China-U.S. Joint Statement on
Climate Change revealed that China expects its CO2 emissions to
peak around 2030 [img width=060
height=055]
HTML http://www.emofaces.com/png/200/emoticons/fingerscrossed.png[/img]while<br
/>the country is making every effort to reach that peak as early
as possible. The country also plans to increase the portion of
non-fossil energies that account for the total consumption of
non-renewable resources to 20 percent by 2030.
Liu Qi also revealed that the country aims to achieve an annual
utilization volume of geothermal resources of up to 50 million
tons of standard coal equivalent by 2020 and 100 million tons by
2030. Energy experts attending the forum said that the country
has the potential to significantly develop the geothermal
resources to a point where it would have a realistic bearing on
the energy structure. The next step is to discuss the necessary
technologies and practical issues in the development and
utilization of the geothermal resources in order to achieve the
best results.
HTML http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2015/01/chinas-geothermal-energy-sector-demonstrates-great-growth-potential#comment-139019
#Post#: 2700--------------------------------------------------
Re: Geothermal Power
By: AGelbert Date: February 20, 2015, 5:32 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
[img width=640
height=480]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-200215183056.png[/img]
"Capacity factor” refers to a measure of actual output over a
period of time. Capacity factors for various types of energy
systems, as recorded by DOE and NREL, are given in the visual
above.
The capacity factor of geothermal power facilities is very
efficient and is usually at or [I]above 90 percent. [/i] :o
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/8.gif
This is on par with or higher than other baseload power sources
like coal and nuclear and is much greater than intermittent
sources. ;D
HTML http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/blog/post/2015/02/geothermal-visual-capacity-factors-for-assorted-energy-systems<br
/>
#Post#: 2744--------------------------------------------------
Re: Geothermal Power
By: AGelbert Date: February 26, 2015, 12:51 pm
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[center]Geothermal Saves Kenya $24 Million of Fuel Monthly ;D,
Says KenGen [/center]
Charles Wachira, Bloomberg
February 18, 2015 | 1 Comments
Nairobi, Kenya -- New power-generating units at Kenya’s Olkaria
I plant are saving East Africa’s biggest economy about 2.2
billion shillings ($24 million) a month on fuel costs, according
to the country’s biggest electricity producer.
A fourth and fifth unit at Kenya Electricity Generating Co.’s
Olkaria I geothermal plant, which each started providing 70
megawatts of capacity in October and December, are reducing
reliance on fuel used in hydropower generation, Chief Executive
Officer Albert Mugo told reporters Monday in the capital,
Nairobi. The facilities will be inaugurated on Feb. 19, he said.
The fuel-cost component associated with hydropower generation
“has fallen to a low of 2.51 shillings per kilowatt-hour by this
February, which represents a drop of 65 percent,” he said.
KenGen’s expansion plan is part of a broader national program to
add 5,000 megawatts to Kenya’s current capacity of 1,664
megawatts by 2017. Geothermal, or heat-generated, power accounts
for 51 percent of electricity generated in Kenya, displacing
hydropower as the largest source, Mugo said.
KenGen, 70 percent state-owned, plans to raise 30 billion
shillings, half of which will come from the sale of stock to
existing shareholders.
“We are waiting for government to inform us when they will take
their rights,” Mugo said. “We are hoping this will happen within
the next two weeks.”
Copyright 2015 Bloomberg
HTML http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2015/02/geothermal-saves-kenya-24-million-of-fuel-monthly-says-kengen#comment-140275
[center]What the Renewable Energy TIGER will DO to the
Hydrocarbon Hellspawn:
HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/1/3-120818185040-1659929.gif<br
/>
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-301014181553.gif<br
/> 🦕 😈 [img
width=90]
HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-130418193910.gif[/img]<br
/>[/center]
#Post#: 3193--------------------------------------------------
Re: Geothermal Power
By: AGelbert Date: May 21, 2015, 10:36 pm
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[center]Geothermal Piping Systems Get into the Groove [/center]
May 8, 2015
By Alfred Chua
How do you design outdoor piping to account for changing
elevation, uneven terrain, seismic and thermal movement, and the
reroutes required of a drilling fluid system? This was the
challenge faced by engineers and contractors for Indonesia's
largest geothermal power plant, Wayang Windu. The pipe-joining
method would need to offer flexibility and superior
maintainability, and project personnel sought a method that
would not be susceptible to inclement weather or pose undue
safety hazards. Welding and flanging couldn't meet those
parameters, but a solution was found in grooved mechanical
piping.
Harnessing Indonesia’s Geothermal Potential
Located on the Ring of Fire and home to more than 200 volcanoes,
Indonesia is estimated to have about 28 GW of geothermal
potential for power generation [img width=25
height=30]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-080515182559.png[/img],<br
/>which is about 40 percent of the geothermal potential for the
entire world. 41 volcanoes are found on the island of Java
alone, providing abundant geothermal resources and holding the
highest potential for energy production. Fittingly, this
reflects the locale’s demand for energy. Home to 135 million
inhabitants — about 60 percent of Indonesia’s population — Java
is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. To meet
energy demand, geothermal plants have been expanding to increase
output.
[center][img
width=640]
HTML https://external-content.duckduckgo.com/iu/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fi.pinimg.com%2Foriginals%2F07%2F5e%2F57%2F075e578409eb9cf0713286b41c4e009c.jpg&f=1&nofb=1[/img][/center]
[center]Wayang Windu Geothermal Power Plant in
Indonesia[/center].
The Wayang Windu Geothermal Power Plant sits in the heart of
this activity in Pangalengan, West Java. A Star Energy plant,
Wayang Windu is a flash steam power plant listed as one of the
largest in the world. Currently a two-unit site with exploration
for unit 3 underway, Wayang Windu has a total installed capacity
of 227 MW. The first unit was completed in 1999 and has been
producing at full capacity of 110 MW since 2000. The second
unit, with capacity of 117 MW, was been online since 2009.
While the need for geothermal energy is clear, construction or
expansion of plants, wells and the piping systems that connect
them often presents several challenges that must be considered
in the design phase.
Piping System Design Challenges
Located in a highly active seismic zone, Wayang Windu
experiences shifts in the ground, both subtle and extreme, on a
daily basis. The power plant’s buildings and infrastructure are
designed to absorb this movement, but other necessary components
— long stretches of outdoor piping, for example — don’t afford
the same flexibility. In addition to seismic movement, outdoor
piping systems are subject to thermal expansion and contraction
that must also be accommodated.
The Wayang Windu site sits at an altitude ranging from 1,700 to
2,200 meters above sea level, with piping systems spanning a
significant portion of that elevation change. Joint or pipe
flexibility would be ideal to enable the systems to easily
follow the contours of the uneven terrain.
At Wayang Windu, the drilling fluid piping system traverses the
field to enable the circulation of lubricating fluids —
primarily condensate — for drilling and repair work. As
exploration continues, personnel would need to be able to
dismantle and reassemble the piping system to account for
rerouting and expansion.
All told, the requirements for the drilling fluid system were
flexibility to withstand seismic and thermal movement and
accommodate changing grades, and maintainability to ease system
reroutes and extensions. As an outdoor piping system, it also
had to withstand the elements. Galvanized pipe was specified to
resist corrosion and wear.
Engineers quickly realized that welding, often considered the
default pipe-joining method, would pose problems. Welding
produces rigid joints that would not provide the flexibility to
accommodate thermal and seismic movement. When such movement is
not properly accounted for, stress at the joints can result, in
some cases leading to leaks. The uneven terrain could also have
caused misalignment issues during assembly, necessitating quite
a bit of rework and slowing the construction schedule.
Welding galvanized pipe vaporizes the protective zinc coating
near the welds, which would require additional time to repair in
the field. The safety issues associated with welding were also a
concern. Welding galvanized steel exposes the worker to fumes
that can lead to “metal fume fever,” and the sparks produced
could pose a fire hazard to the dense jungle surrounds during
the dry season. Adverse weather conditions during the wet season
could also affect welding activities, requiring additional
protective measures.
Finally, the permanent joints produced by welding would not
permit the pipeline to be easily relocated or expanded, a
requirement that could not be compromised.
Flanging provides a more maintainable joint that permits the
dismantling and reassembly of piping, but the method is subject
to some of the same limitations as welding in terms of
flexibility. Flanges, like welded joints, are rigid, so the
joining method requires additional devices or expansion loops to
accommodate piping deflection caused by movement. Routing piping
systems joined with flanges over uneven terrain is just as
challenging as it is with welding.
Grooved Piping Offers Flexibility, Maintainability
To alleviate these problems, grooved mechanical piping was
specified for the drilling fluid system. The engineer and
contractor discovered that the design, installation and
maintenance benefits of flexible grooved mechanical couplings
stood in direct contrast to the issues associated with welding
and flanging. Flexible couplings enable quick, easy assembly and
disassembly without heat or flame, and permit controlled linear
and angular movement at the joint.
A grooved mechanical pipe joint consists of four elements:
grooved-end pipe, a gasket, coupling housing, and nuts and
bolts. The pipe groove is made by cold forming or machining a
groove into the end of a pipe. A gasket is centered around the
joint of two abutted grooved pipe-ends, and the coupling housing
segments are placed over the gasket so that the key sections of
the housing engage the grooves. The bolts and nuts are then
tightened with a socket wrench or impact wrench. In the
installed state, the coupling housing encases the gasket and
engages the grooves around the circumference of the pipe to
create a leak-tight seal in a self-restrained pipe joint. The
completed joint is visually inspected; metal-to-metal bolt-pad
contact confirms proper assembly.
Standard grooved couplings can be installed up to five times
faster than welded joints and three times faster than flanged
joints. Ready-to-install couplings, a recently developed
technology that allows the coupling to be pushed onto the
pipe-end as a fully assembled unit, can double the time savings.
Grooved couplings do not require heat or flame to assemble, nor
does installation produce fumes, reducing risk to personnel and
property. They can also be installed in any weather condition
without tents or heating equipment.
Grooved couplings create a union at every joint so that when
maintenance or system alteration is required, the couplings can
be removed by loosening the nuts and bolts and removing the
housing and gasket from the joint. The removal of two adjacent
couplings permits the removal of a section of pipe. Grooved-end
pipe and couplings can be reused, with assembly following the
same procedure as initial installation.
Flexible grooved couplings permit a limited amount of linear and
angular movement. The interaction of the components permits this
movement: the dimensions of the coupling key are narrower than
the groove in the pipe, allowing room for the key to move within
the pipe groove, while the width of the coupling housing allows
for pipe-end separation, leaving room for controlled expansion,
contraction and deflection.
Independent testing conducted at the ATLSS center, a member of
the NEES (Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulations)
testing group, demonstrated the reliability of grooved system
components when exposed to seismic movement. Water-filled
assemblies joined with grooved couplings were pressurized to 200
psi and exposed to accelerations up to 50 percent greater than
the Northridge, California, earthquake. No pressure loss or
leakage was observed during the tests.
The Outcome
Victaulic Style 77 flexible couplings and grooved-end fittings
were used to join the drilling fluid system at Wayang Windu,
meeting the requirements for flexibility and maintainability and
offering additional benefits on site.
Style 77 couplings feature a two-piece housing, two nuts and
bolts, and can withstand pressures of up to 1,000 psi. The
couplings provided the inherent flexibility needed to
accommodate seismic and thermal movement and deployment of the
drilling fluid system over the uneven terrain at Wayang Windu.
The ease and speed of installation of grooved components
contributed to rapid completion of the project and eliminated
construction delays due to rain. Welding machinery did not need
to be transported along the length of the pipeline as it was
assembled, and the galvanized finish on the piping was
maintained throughout the installation process, ensuring
corrosion resistance and protection throughout the system. The
lack of hot works also eliminated safety issues and fire
hazards.
The drilling fluid system has been in operation for 15 years
with the original pipe and couplings still in use. Victaulic
couplings were also used to join the 9-kilometer condensate
piping system and the 8-kilometer brine system for unit 2, which
have been in operation since 2009.
The drilling fluid system was recently rerouted as part of the
unit 3 exploration process, validating the maintainability of
grooved piping systems. Sections of pipe were dismantled and
repositioned, helping to achieve production targets. New
sections of pipe were grooved off-site, and shipments were
coordinated to further improve jobsite efficiency, limit
downtime and reduce overall costs.
Summary
Seismic and thermal movement, changing elevation, uneven
terrain, and the need to disassemble and relocate the piping
system contributed to a complex construction scenario. Grooved
mechanical piping was the answer to the installation challenges,
providing the requisite flexibility and maintainability.
Like geothermal energy itself, grooved piping systems are
reliable, efficient and sustainable. The use of grooved piping
is increasing on utility and process piping systems in the power
industry, and Wayang Windu demonstrates the value such systems
can bring to plant construction and expansion.
HTML http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2015/05/geothermal-piping-systems-get-into-the-groove.html
#Post#: 3250--------------------------------------------------
Re: Geothermal Power
By: AGelbert Date: June 4, 2015, 10:59 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
Paris Geothermal Boom Brings Deep Drilling to Crowded Suburbs
;D
June 2, 2015
By Tara Patel, Bloomberg
PARIS — Squashed between a highway overpass and a towering
suburban shopping center east of Paris, a drilling rig is
completing the second of two geothermal wells aimed at capturing
the earth’s natural heat for homes and offices.
The project is one of five around the French capital being built
by Engie, the new name for GDF Suez SA, accelerating a
geothermal boom in the region. Greater Paris already boasted the
world’s largest concentration of deep geothermal wells linked to
heating networks, even before these latest additions. An energy
law making its way through the French parliament that seeks to
spur rewewable energy could lead to more.
[i]“This is the most active period for geothermal in two
decades,”[/i] Damien Terouanne, head of Engie’s Cofely Reseaux
unit that specializes in heating and cooling networks, said in
an interview. “The geology of the Paris region is favorable and
its population density makes projects worthwhile.”[img width=25
height=30]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-080515182559.png[/img]
The two 1,800-meter (5,900-feet) wells at Rosny-sous-Bois will
provide about half the heating needs for the equivalent of
10,000 homes in the area, along with neighboring Noisy-le-Sec
and Montreuil, according to a presentation on the project. State
subsidies of 6.5 million euros ($7.1 million) will help fund the
35 million-euro cost.
The geothermal doublets built around Paris use one well to pump
warm water from underground for heating and the second to push
cooled water back underground. About 30 geothermal sites were
built around Paris in the early 1980s. Some were plugged because
of financial and technical problems.
EDF Development
Electricite de France SA is also developing a new project at
Bagneux, south of Paris. Nearby, independent utility Semhach SA
operates a geothermal heating network with two new wells for the
towns of Villejuif, Chevilly-Larue and L’Hay-les-Roses. New
projects will bring the number around the French capital to
about 40 by the end of this year, environment agency Ademe says.
With a capacity of 10 megawatts, Engie’s Noisy-le-Sec plant is
part of a plan to double its geothermal capacity around Paris to
about 100 megawatts in 2016, Terouanne says. Drilling is
complete at another of its projects at Arcueil and Gentilly,
south of the capital.
Geothermal heat for homes will be competitive with natural gas,
according to Joelle Colosio, director of Ademe’s Paris- region
office. Subsidies decided by the government fund about a fifth
of the cost of projects including drilling insurance and have
helped get geothermal “back on the map.” [img width=25
height=30]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-080515182559.png[/img]
Some new projects in the region are also seeking to exploit warm
water closer to the surface, Colosio said in an interview. One
project in the Batignolles neighborhood of inner Paris is for
two wells about 800-meters deep to heat some 3,000 homes.
Copyright 2015 Bloomberg
HTML http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/news/2015/06/paris-geothermal-boom-brings-deep-drilling-to-crowded-suburbs.html
#Post#: 3556--------------------------------------------------
Re: Geothermal Power
By: AGelbert Date: August 4, 2015, 9:37 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
World’s First Integrated Geothermal and Biomass Plant Goes
Online ;D
August 3, 2015
SNIPPET:
It is projected that the integration of the biomass plant will
boost the overall Cornia 2 geothermal plant output by some 30
gigawatt hours (GWh) a year. It will also mitigate the emission
of 13,000 tonnes of CO2 annually. This innovative technological
approach will result in minimal local environmental impact and
secure “total renewability” within the resources used and the
cycle of energy generation.
HTML http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2015/08/world-s-first-integrated-geothermal-and-biomass-plant-goes-online.html
#Post#: 3584--------------------------------------------------
Re: Geothermal Power
By: AGelbert Date: August 9, 2015, 3:44 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
[quote]As with any heat pump, geothermal heat pumps are able to
heat, cool, and, if so equipped, supply the house with hot
water. Some models of geothermal systems are available with
two-speed compressors and variable fans for more comfort and
energy savings. Relative to ASHPs, they are quieter, last
longer, need little maintenance, and do not depend on the
temperature of the outside air.[/quote]
[quote]Geothermal heat pump systems have an average 20+ year
life expectancy for the heat pump itself and 25 to 50 years for
the underground infrastructure. Additionally, they move between
three and five times the energy they consume
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-200714191258.bmp<br
/>between a building’s interior space and the ground.[/quote]
Guide to Geothermal Heat Pumps
HTML http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/guide_to_geothermal_heat_pumps.pdf
#Post#: 3586--------------------------------------------------
Re: Geothermal Power
By: AGelbert Date: August 9, 2015, 5:25 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
[center]Geothermal HVAC Myths Busted [img
width=100]
HTML http://cliparts.co/cliparts/Big/Egq/BigEgqBMT.png[/img][/center]
1. Geothermal HVAC systems are not considered a renewable
technology because they use electricity.
Fact: Geothermal HVAC systems use only one unit of electricity
to move up to five units of cooling or heating from the earth to
a buiding.
2. Photovoltaic and wind power are more favorable renewable
technologies when compared to geothermal HVAC systems.
Fact: Geothermal HVAC systems remove four times more
kilowatt-hours of consumption from the electrical grid per
dollar spent than photovoltaic and wind power add to the
electrical grid. Those other technologies can certainly play an
important role, but geothermal HVAC is often the most cost
effective way to reduce environmental impact of conditioning
spaces.
3. Geothermal HVAC needs lots of yard or real estate in
which to place the polyethylene piping earth loops.
Fact: Depending on the characteristics of the site, the earth
loop may be buried vertically, meaning little above-ground
surface is needed. Or, if there is an available aquifer that can
be tapped into, only a few square feet of real estate are
needed. Remember, the water is returned to the aquifer whence it
came after passing over a heat exchanger, so it is not “used” or
otherwise negatively impacted.
4. Geothermal HVAC heat pumps are noisy.
Fact: The systems run very quiet and there is no equipment
outside to bother neighbors.
5. Geothermal systems eventually “wear out.”
Fact: Earth loops can last for generations. The heat-exchange
equipment typically lasts decades, since it is protected
indoors. When it does need to be replaced, the expense is much
less than putting in an entire new geothermal system, since the
loop or well is the most pricey to install. New technical
guidelines eliminate the issue of thermal retention in the
ground, so heat can be exchanged with it indefinitely. In the
past, some improperly sized systems did overheat or overcool the
ground over time, to the point that the system no longer had
enough of a temperature gradient to function.
6. Geothermal HVAC systems only work in heating mode.
Fact: They work just as effectively in cooling and can be
engineered to require no additional backup heat source if
desired, although some customers decide that it is more cost
effective to have a small backup system for just the coldest
days if it means their loop can be smaller.
7. Geothermal HVAC systems cannot heat water, a pool, and a
home at the same time.
Fact: Systems can be designed to handle multiple loads
simultaneously.
8. Geothermal HVAC systems put refrigerant lines into the
ground.
Fact: Most systems use only water in the loops or lines.
9. Geothermal HVAC systems use lots of water.
Fact: Geothermal systems actually consume no water. If an
aquifer is used to exchange heat with the earth, all the water
is returned to that same aquifer. In the past, there were some
“pump and dump” operations that wasted the water after passing
over the heat exchanger, but those are exceedingly rare now.
When applied commercially, geothermal HVAC systems actually
eliminate millions of gallons of water that would otherwise have
been evaporated in cooling towers in traditional systems.
10. Geothermal HVAC technology is not financially feasible
without federal and local tax incentives.
Fact: Federal and local incentives typically amount to between
30 and 60 percent of total geothermal system cost, which can
often make the initial price of a system competitive with
conventional equipment. Standard air-source HVAC systems cost
around $3,000 per ton of heating or cooling capacity, during new
construction (homes usually use between one and five tons).
Geothermal HVAC systems start at about $5,000 per ton, and can
go as high as $8,000 or $9,000 per ton. However, new
installation practices are reducing costs, to the point where
the price is getting closer to conventional systems under the
right conditions.
Factors that help reduce cost include economies of scale for
community, commercial, or even large residential applications
and increasing competition for geothermal equipment (especially
from major brands like Bosch, Carrier, and Trane). Open loops,
using a pump and reinjection well, are cheaper to install than
closed loops.
HTML http://energyblog.nationalgeographic.com/2013/09/17/10-myths-about-geothermal-heating-and-cooling/
#Post#: 3587--------------------------------------------------
Re: Geothermal Power
By: AGelbert Date: August 9, 2015, 6:53 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
[center]Modern ELECTRICALLY POWERED heat pumps will soon replace
ALL fossil fuel powered heating. ;D [/center]
[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/rNPwkJMrGvk[/center]
[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/GmDfCxp6rDs[/center]
#Post#: 4022--------------------------------------------------
Re: Geothermal Power
By: AGelbert Date: October 20, 2015, 2:18 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/dl6Gfr1YA7U[/center]
[center]Let The Earth Heat and Cool Your Home
[/center]
Geo Exchange is a system of heating and cooling that uses water
and ground loops to use the earth as a heat sink or heat source
in the winter. It sinks heat into the ground in the summer, as
well as heating your hot water year round. Water is circulated
through polyethylene pipes in closed loops that are installed
below the ground. The loops are connected to an extended range
water source heat pump.
The environmental benefits are that this system is
non-polluting, has no exhaust emissions, reduced CO2 emissions
and requires a smaller amount of both power and refrigerant than
conventional systems. The upfront capital costs for a geo
exchange system are 35-40% more, but annual savings with a
system like this are about 60% over conventional heating and
cooling costs.
The payback for the system in this video was 6 years, and now
the owner is making money on it. ;D
--Bibi Farber This video was produced by Fair Companies
HTML http://www.nextworldtv.com/videos/energy/geo-exchange.html#sthash.v5fbbZi0.dpuf
HTML http://www.nextworldtv.com/videos/energy/geo-exchange.html#sthash.v5fbbZi0.dpuf
[quote]
In U.S. homes, natural gas is the most widely used energy source
(49%), followed by the secondary energy source, electricity, at
39%. That’s reversed in commercial buildings, where electricity
(55%) is depended on more than natural gas (32%).
The energy needs for these different buildings vary but when
viewed as a whole, more than half of the energy used in
commercial buildings goes to just heating (36%) and lighting
(21%). Within this sector, retail stores and service buildings
use the most total energy (20%), followed by office buildings
(17%) and schools (13%).[/quote]
HTML http://needtoknow.nas.edu/energy/energy-use/home-work/
HTML http://needtoknow.nas.edu/energy/energy-use/home-work/
Renewable Energy NEGA-watts (energy NOT used because it WASN'T
NEEDED for passive geothermal applications in heating and
cooling or other Renewable energy technologies) is NOT an energy
unit for energy unit REPLACEMENT. That is because MUCH LESS
ENERGY is being used to heat and cool the same space that fossil
fuels used to.
But thermodynamically challenged enemies of Renewable Energy
will continue to place a false equivalence on the fossil fuels
versus Renewable Energy. ::) So it goes. :P
*****************************************************
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