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#Post#: 3--------------------------------------------------
How the Promise of Chemurgy Was Dashed by Big Oil
By: AGelbert Date: October 10, 2013, 12:21 am
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chemurgy is a branch of applied chemistry that is concerned with
preparing industrial products from agricultural raw materials.
The word "chemurgy" was coined by chemist William J. Hale and
first publicized in his 1934 book The Farm Chemurgic,[1] the
concept was mildly well-developed by the early years of the 20th
century.
For example, a number of products, including brushes and motion
picture film, were made from cellulose. Beginning in the 1920s,
some prominent Americans began to advocate a more widespread
link between farmers and industry. Among them were William J.
Hale and agricultural journalist Wheeler McMillen.
Contents
1 The Soybean Car
2 Worths
3 Downhill
4 Substitutions
5 See also
6 Notes
[center][img
width=640]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-090422121547-610139.jpeg[/img][/center]
Henry Ford takes an ax (with a rubber tip on the business end)
to plant derived plastic rear deck lid (the same material used
in to build the soybean car) to demonstrate that it was, not
just lighter than steel, but 10 times stronger as well.
[img
width=640]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-090422121533-6092445.jpeg[/img]
[img
width=640]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-090422121245-571262.jpeg[/img]
[center]The Soybean Car [/center]
Automaker Henry Ford began to test farm crops for their
industrial potential around 1930, and soon settled on the
soybean as particularly promising (the famous Soybean Car). The
Ford Motor Company used soybeans in such parts as gearshift
knobs and horn buttons.
In 1935, the Farm Chemurgic Council (later renamed the National
Farm Chemurgic Council) was formed to encourage greater use of
renewable raw materials in industry. In its early years, the
Council received substantial publicity. It was perceived by the
Roosevelt Administration as a political threat, since Council
leaders questioned U.S. Department of Agriculture policies.
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-130418202144.gif
First placing much of its emphasis on demonstrating the
[color=green]benefits of Agrol (a line of blended motor fuels
that included ethanol), the [b]Council drew strong opposition
from the [img
width=50]
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-130418203402.gif[/img]<br
/>petroleum industry.
[/color]The Agrol pilot plant, which also experienced management
and financial
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-040718162655-14212306.gif<br
/>difficulties, shut down in 1938. [img
width=20]
HTML https://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-200714183337.bmp[/img]
Wheeler McMillen [img
width=100]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-080422122123.jpeg[/img],<br
/>who had become president of the Council the previous year,
decided to distance the chemurgy movement from ethanol,[i] mend
fences with the petroleum industry, and place the Council on a
more [size=14pt] cautious (👉
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-040718162655-14231561.gif🦖)<br
/>course.[/b] [img
width=40]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-080422121611.png[/img]
The Council’s cause received an unexpected boost when Theodore
G. Bilbo, a U.S. senator from Mississippi, sought a means to
promote new uses for his region’s surplus cotton. To make his
goal more politically attractive, he supported a broader
research program. In the end, four regional U.S. Department of
Agriculture laboratories, dedicated to finding new uses for farm
crops, were authorized under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of
1938.
The labs were established in Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania; New
Orleans, Louisiana; Peoria, Illinois; and Albany, California.
Over time, their research agendas expanded, and they became
less focused on chemurgy.
Nevertheless, their involvement in that field was symbolic of
the chemurgy movement’s transformation from a cause associated
with Roosevelt Administration critics to one with clear support
from that administration.
Worths
Chemurgy demonstrated its worth during World War II,
particularly in alleviating the rubber shortage caused when
Japan cut off most of America's supply.
Corn was used as raw material in much of the synthetic rubber
produced during the war. Various other plants, including guayule
and kok-saghyz (Russian dandelion), were investigated as rubber
sources.
In the American Midwest, school children were encouraged to
gather milkweed floss, previously considered a nuisance but now
valued for a new role as a filler in military life jackets.
A priest in Iowa even made news by urging congregants to grow
hemp, whose previous reputation as a drug hazard yielded to
military requirements for rope and cordage.
Downhill [img
width=70]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-080422121435.png[/img]<br
/>
Prospects for chemurgy appeared promising into the 1950s. An
article in the December 3, 1951 issue of Newsweek, for example,
said "“the flood of chemurgy seems to be swelling.”"
But as uses of agricultural raw materials advanced, so did uses
for 🦖 petrochemicals, and non-renewable materials
eventually [img
width=15]
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-250817135149.gif[/img]<br
/>[img
width=20]
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/1/3-250718205137.gif[/img]<br
/>won out in a number of markets.
For example, 🦖 petrochemical detergents were widely used
in place of agriculturally derived soaps, and petrochemical
plastic wrapping material largely replaced cellophane.
The Chemurgic Council went through a period of decline and
finally closed its doors in 1977. 🦖[img
width=60]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-050422162639.gif[/img]😈
In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in
chemurgy, although the word itself has largely fallen out of
usage. In 1990, Wheeler McMillen then 97 years old, addressed a
national conference of latter-day chemurgic enthusiasts in
Washington, DC. The conference served to launch the New Uses
Council, which seeks to further the cause formerly promoted by
the Chemurgic Council.
[center][img
width=368]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-090422124812-6121253.jpeg[/img][img<br
/>width=272]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-090422124805-611948.jpeg[/img][/center]
[center]George Washington Carver[/center]
George Washington Carver
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/2/3-301021140910.gif<br
/>was one of the most famous scientists of this field. In the
Environmental Biography of George Washington Carver titled "My
Work is that of Conservation" author Mark D. Hersey writes,
"Thus, although he accepted the honorary mantle of "the first
and greatest chemurgist," he was hardly in its mainstream. On
the contrary, Carver often misconstrued the movement's aims,
imagining they fell more in line with his own than in fact they
did. Because Carver had devoted his energies to improving the
lives of impoverished black farmers, he saw chemurgy as a field
in which scientist addressed "a great human problem."
His 1936 injunction to "chemicalize the farm" sprang from his
abhorrence of waste rather than a desire for profit, let alone
an affinity for chemical pesticides and fertilizers. He ✨
wanted "waste products of the farm" to be used for making
"insulating boards, paints, dyes, industrial alcohol, plastics
of various kinds, rugs, mats and cloth from fiver plants, oils,
gums and waxes, etc."
Substitutions
Kenaf for jute (rope)
castor oil for petroleum-based oil (lubrication)
See also
Decorticator
Notes
Hale, William Jay (1934). The Farm Chemurgic: Farmward the Star
of Destiny Lights Our Way. University of California: The
Stratford company. p. 201.
HTML http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemurgy
HTML http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemurgy
[move]🦕🦖 [img
width=40]
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/2/3-231218145827.png[/img]<br
/>[img
width=190]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-090422134615.jpeg[/img]<br
/>[img
width=25]
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-250817135149.gif[/img]<br
/>[img
width=70]
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-130418203402.gif[/img]<br
/>🦍
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-040718162655-14212306.gif<br
/>[img
width=90]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-050422162639.gif[/img][i]GET<br
/>IT? [/move]
#Post#: 89--------------------------------------------------
How Ronald Reagan Turned Out the Lights on Solar Power
By: AGelbert Date: October 17, 2013, 6:37 pm
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[center]How Ronald Reagan Turned Out the Lights on Solar Power
>:( [/center]
In an excerpt from his new book, John Perlin reveals how one of
the first actions of the new Reagan administration was to dim
the lights on the solar energy program.
SNIPPET:
Dr. Barry Commoner, a distinguished scientist and strong solar
advocate, was “surprised and troubled by the smallness of both
the proposed solar research budget and expected results.” He
wanted to see the data from the National Science Foundation that
supported the Atomic Energy Commission’s dismal view of the
future of solar power, especially since Solar Subpanel IX, the
scientific panel that appraised photovoltaics’ contribution, was
made up of, in Commoner’s judgment, “a distinguished group of
experts.” A report by Solar Subpanel IX contained their
findings, the scientist learned; when Commoner asked to see a
copy of the report, the Nixon administration denied that such a
report existed. Not believing the response credible, Commoner
enlisted the support of Senator James Abourezk of South Dakota,
a strong supporter of solar energy.
He received the same runaround. Finally, a solar-energy friendly
“Deep Throat” told the senator that a copy existed and could be
found at the Atomic Energy Commission’s document reading room.
According to Commoner, “This turned out to be a dim photocopy of
a hazy carbon; but it has brilliantly illuminated” the
discrepancies between the science and politics of energy.
Unlike the author of The Nation’s Energy Future, the subpanel
recommended an outlay of almost six times more money than the
Atomic Energy Commission had requested for research and
development of solar cells. Furthermore, the National Science
Foundation had great expectations for solar electricity,
predicting that with its suggested outlay of funds for
photovoltaics, solar cells would supply “more than 7 percent of
the required U.S. electrical generation capacity by the year
2000,” even though the expenditure for the solar option would be
16 times less than for the nuclear choice.
The subpanel also found the solar option more appealing because
“in contrast to problems incurred by nuclear plants,
photovoltaic systems would find wide public acceptance because
of their minimal impact on the environment.” However, the report
warned, if underfunded, “photovoltaics will not impact the
energy [situation]” in future times.
HTML http://www.alternet.org/how-ronald-reagan-turned-out-lights-solar-power
#Post#: 287--------------------------------------------------
How the Rockefeller Oil Empire Turned the WORLD into a Waste Bas
ed Society
By: AGelbert Date: November 9, 2013, 1:15 am
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[center]
HTML https://youtu.be/5ywwDIsHMbs?t=1061[/center]
[center][I]The Rockefellers BEGINS at 18:35 into the
video[/I][/center]
Learn how the Rockefellers turned the USA into an Oil Oligarchy.
THEY were the ones who created the framework of U.S. Foreign
intelligence agencies and policies that continue to this day
fomenting wars.
Also they were instrumental in our Domestic policy (education
and health for a brainwashed obedient and "healthy enough to
work in factories" labor force).
Although this discussion of American History, complete with the
machine gunning and burning of men, women and children by
Rockefeller goons calling themselves the "Colorado Militia"
(NOT!) at a miner's strike in Ludlow is given in 1978, you can
see ALL the tentacles that were in place THEN proving we are NOT
a Representative Republic or a Democracy but, IN REALITY, an Oil
Oligarchy. >:(
The corrupt shell corporation practices and (fake) philanthropic
tax dodges of the modern corporation used to bribe or bully
elected officials to do the bidding of NON-elected Foundation
and think tank DICTATORS was pioneered by the Rockefellers.
The policy of making foreign lands safe for multinational
corporations was pioneered by them.
They set the sick, putrid, wasteful PATTERN of planetary
predatory capitalism that OWNS this country and most of the
world.
It will be interesting to see how they plan to survive now that
it has been laid bare that THEY and their "business practices"
as well as "greed is good" mindset are TOTALLY responsible for
our present climate catastrophe.
The Rockefellers and their ilk dove wantonly and arrogantly into
society and planetary resources with the power of fossil fuels
as if they were gods that could remake the Earth and
we-the-people into a nice , predictable, productive and
profitable slave empire. They thought they had it ALL FIGURED
OUT.
Their TITANIC HUBRIS, PLANET SIZED EGOS and GREEDY FACES, after
swan diving with all the power of oil into everybody's business,
now faced with horrendous climate change, are coming up with
SAND IN THEIR MOUTHS!
And the biosphere looks on and observes that pride cometh before
a fall. The bigger they are the HARDER they fall. Too bad
we-the-people have to fall too. [img
width=60]
HTML https://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-041115022304.png[/img]
What are the odds that the 1%, with THE Rockefellers & friends
Octopus in charge, at the pinnacle of human power and having
human society by the short hairs, are going to become
cooperative, altruistic and respectful of the biosphere's other
Earthlings as matter of SURVIVAL, not just common sense?
What are the chances they will realize they are the biggest,
most well organized, industrially efficient SCREW UPS in human
history?
What are the chances they will mend their ways?
[i]What did Dorian Gray do when he finally had to face who he
REALLY was?[/I]
[img
width=400]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-090422142602.jpeg[/img]<br
/>We can only hope.
[quote]"ARGO floats have allowed accurate measurement of ocean
heat gain since 2005. Earth is gaining energy at a rate 0.6
W/m2, which is 20 times greater than the rate of human energy
use. That energy is equivalent to exploding 400,000 Hiroshima
atomic bombs per day, 365 days per year."[/quote]
A New Age of Risk
James Hansen
Mobilizing Science for Sustainable Development:
The Sustainable Development Solutions Network
22 September 2012
Low Memorial Library, Columbia University
New York, NY
#Post#: 374--------------------------------------------------
Big Oil Trying to Destroy Biofuels AGAIN!
By: AGelbert Date: November 17, 2013, 8:18 pm
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Biofuel Stocks Sag As U.S. EPA Eyes Lower Ethanol Mandate [img
width=30
height=30]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-141113183729.png[/img]<br
/>
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-311013201604.png
By Jacob Bunge
[img width=640
height=380]
HTML http://plaza.ufl.edu/mw5585//pics/Ethanol%20Fuel%20Pump.jpg[/img]
Ethanol producers' share prices took a hit Friday after the U.S.
government proposed trimming the yearly mandates for the biofuel
in gasoline, raising questions about demand for a fuel source
that has been a boon to the nation's farm economy.
Shares of Archer Daniels Midland Co. ( ADM ), a major corn
processor and among the largest U.S. ethanol producers, closed
3.4% lower alongside declines in smaller biofuel-focused
companies like Renewable Energy Group Inc. ( REGI ) and Green
Plains Renewable Energy Inc. ( GPRE ). The declines came despite
U.S. stock indexes closing broadly higher.
The U.S. EPA on Friday proposed for the first time to reduce the
amount of renewable fuel--most of it ethanol--that refiners are
required to blend into gasoline. It proposed 15.2 billion
gallons blended in next year, about 16% below the amount
specified by Congress in a 2007 law. Under that law, the EPA has
leeway to lower the requirement.
"While we still think a large U.S. corn crop in '13 will benefit
other ADM businesses, we see the [Environmental Protection
Agency] renewable fuel proposal as adding risk to the shares,"
wrote Tom Graves, an equity analyst with S&P Capital IQ, who
downgraded ADM shares to "sell" from "hold" Friday afternoon.
Ethanol producers vowed to push back against the
proposal,
HTML http://www.websmileys.com/sm/violent/sterb029.gif
though executives said they saw continued demand for U.S. corn
ethanol from foreign countries such as Canada and Brazil. The
proposal will be subject to a 60-day public-comment period
before potentially being finalized next spring.
"Almost 10% of our production right now is being produced for
export" due to corn sliding to its lowest price in several
years, said Todd Becker, chief executive of Green Plains, which
can produce about 790 million gallons of ethanol annually from
10 plants. "If the U.S. doesn't want it, the world will take
it."
While Omaha, Neb.-based Green Plains doesn't anticipate idling
any plants if the EPA follows through on its proposal, Mr.
Becker said the prospect of the U.S. turning away a cheap and
domestically produced fuel source was "disgraceful."
Renewable Energy Group CEO Daniel Oh said he was "disappointed"
by the EPA proposal but that the Ames, Iowa, company's scale
would "allow us to continue to succeed."
An ADM spokeswoman said in a statement that the agribusiness
company "would be disappointed by any policy change that would
undermine the [renewable fuel standard] and the government's
commitment to ethanol as a component of America's energy
supply." The mandate has helped create U.S. jobs and lowered the
cost of gasoline for drivers, she said.
ADM CEO Patricia Woertz told investors this week that "the
economics of lower corn" prices would help the Decatur, Ill.,
company cheaply produce and market ethanol, regardless of the
EPA's decision.
"Keep in mind that the industry produced 14 billion gallons
before, even though the mandate was only 12.8, back in 2011,"
Ms. Woertz said in a presentation. "So it could be another
example of the industry producing to meet market demand, whether
that be export demand" or domestic demand, she said.
The Renewable Fuels Association, which counts ADM and other
agriculture companies like Monsanto Co. ( MON ) and DuPont Co. (
DD ) as members, in a statement Friday pledged to push back on
the EPA proposal and warned of a blow to a "healthy farm
economy."
"There's a lot more riding on this than just the ethanol
industry," said Green Plains' Mr. Becker. "We're going to take
advantage of the comment period and see where that takes us
Read more:
HTML http://www.nasdaq.com/article/biofuel-stocks-sag-as-us-epa-eyes-lower-ethanol-mandate-20131115-00967#ixzz2kxVnBOn0
#Post#: 530--------------------------------------------------
1931: Edison Advocates for Solar Energy over Fossil Fuels
By: AGelbert Date: December 9, 2013, 11:21 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
[center]1931: Edison Advocates for Solar 🌞 Energy over
Fossil Fuels[/center]
In a conversation with fellow inventors and entrepreneurs Harvey
Firestone and Henry Ford, Thomas Edison says of renewable energy
sources: “We are like tenant farmers chopping down the fence
around our house for fuel when we should be using nature’s
inexhaustible sources of energy—sun, wind, and tide.… I’d put my
money on the sun and solar energy. What a source of power! I
hope we don’t have to wait until oil and coal run out before we
tackle that.” [US History, 2013; About Thomas Edison, 8/19/2013]
Entity Tags: Henry Ford, Thomas Edison, Harvey Firestone
Timeline Tags: US Solar Industry
HTML http://www.cooperativeresearch.org/topic.jsp?topic=topic_energy
It seems 🦖 Rockefeller
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-311013201314.png<br
/>had other views...and the 🐍 GLOBAL WARMING DENIERS STI
LL
HAVE THEM!
#Post#: 1180--------------------------------------------------
Some interesting history about ☠️ LEADED 🦖
Gasoline
By: AGelbert Date: May 22, 2014, 3:00 pm
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AGelbert WARNING: Leaded gasoline is STILL LEGAL [img
width=20]
HTML https://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-200714183337.bmp[/img]<br
/>in piston aircraft in the USA. Remember that if you are raisin
g
children under the approach path to a general aviation airport.
[img
width=30]
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/1/3-240718213435-14601598.gif[/img]
[font=times new roman]Smithsonian Magazine[/font]
December 9, 2016 By Kat Eschner
[move]For most of the mid-twentieth century, lead 🦖
gasoline was considered normal. But lead is a ☠️
poison, and burning it has had dire consequences.[/move]
[center][img
width=640]
HTML https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/MJVL1WSRzISHPDWgAhvA5PguAXU=/1000x750/filters:no_upscale()/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer/92/ec/92ec43f0-9bc7-45be-a75a-419a101c2458/standard_stations_filling_station_in_california_1939.jpg[/img][/center]
[center]A Standard Oil filling station in California, circa
1939. Wikimedia Commons[/center]
SNIPPET:
The answer goes back to this day in 1921, when General Motors
engineer named Thomas Midgley Jr. told his boss Charles
Kettering that he’d discovered a new additive which worked to
reduce the “knocking” in car engines. That additive: tetraethyl
lead, also called TEL or lead tetraethyl, a highly
☠️ toxic compound that was discovered in 1854. His
discovery continues to have impact that reaches far beyond car
owners.
Kettering himself had designed the self-starter a decade before,
wrote James Lincoln Kitman for The Nation in 2000, and the
knocking was a problem he couldn’t wait to solve. It made cars
less efficient and more intimidating to consumers because of the
loud noise. But there were other effective anti-knock agents.
Kitman writes that Midgley himself said he tried any substance
he could find in the search for an antiknock, “from melted
butter and camphor to ethyl acetate and aluminum chloride.” The
most compelling option was actually ethanol.
But from the perspective of GM, Kitman wrote, ethanol wasn’t an
😉😈 option. It couldn’t be patented and GM
couldn’t control its production. And oil companies like Du Pont
"hated it," he wrote, perceiving it to be a threat to their
control of the internal combustion engine.
Read more:
[center][img
width=60]
HTML https://soberthinking.createaforum.com/gallery/soberthinking/1-040422164555-532108.png[/img][/center]
Leaded Gas Was a Known Poison the Day It Was Invented
HTML https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/leaded-gas-poison-invented-180961368/
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