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#Post#: 2396--------------------------------------------------
Re: Photvoltaics (PV)
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: December 17, 2014, 2:44 pm
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Example of Concentrated PV (CPV) technology
HTML http://sharp-world.com/corporate/img/news/120531_01.jpg
Let's see the thermodynamics challenged fossil fuelers claim
manufacturing the above uses "too much energy" and it will
"never harvest more energy than that used to manufacture it".
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12/17/2014 12:31 PM
Solar Prices Keep Dropping, NREL Achieves 46% Efficiency for
Concentrating Solar Cells
SustainableBusiness.com News
Over the past few months, we've seen announcements of solar
cells that are reaching new heights for converting the sun's
energy into electricity, showing how quickly the technology is
advancing.
The latest is from the Department of Energy's National
Renewable Energy Lab (NREL), which has demonstrated 45.7%
conversion efficiency for concentrating solar cells - more than
double the typical 20% efficiency today.
It greatly improves on earlier designs by incorporating an
additional high quality absorber layer to achieve an ultra-high
efficiency, says NREL.
Multijunction solar cells harvest sunlight by dividing the solar
spectrum into portions that are absorbed by a material with a
bandgap tuned to a specific wavelength range. Combining
materials with optimal bandgaps is critical for high efficiency.
The challenge is to maintain the high quality of the materials
while integrating them into a complex cell capable of efficient
photoconversion.
"The distinction of this multijunction device is the very high
quality of the lattice-mismatched subcells," says Ryan France,
who designed the solar cell. "Lattice-mismatched materials
require the introduction of defects, called dislocations, into
the device, which can drastically hinder device performance.
NREL has learned to control and confine these dislocations to
inactive regions of the device, allowing even highly mismatched
material to be used in a multijunction cell."
This graph shows research achievements for all kinds of solar
cells, with NREL's new one reaching the highest level yet:
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Prices Keep Dropping
In 2013, system prices for utility-scale solar PV fell below $2
per watt, and have continued declining this year to $1.80 per
watt - 59% lower than in 2010, according to NREL and Lawrence
Berkeley National Lab.
Prices for distributed solar PV systems dropped 12-19% in the US
during 2013, and will decline another 3-12% this year ;D,
depending on where the system is located and market segment.
"There are significant variations in reported pricing both
geographically and across market segments due to a variety of
factors, including value-based pricing based on local
competition within the marketplace and prevailing electric
retail rates. Other factors include differences in specific
system configurations such as panel efficiency, mounting
structure, and geographic location; and the time lags between
commitments and commercial operation for utility-scale systems."
Industry analysts expect this trend to continue over the next
couple of years, keeping the US on track to meet DOE's SunShot
target - reducing the cost of solar PV below $1 per watt by
2020.
In another report, The Effect of State Policy Suites on the
Development of Solar Markets, NREL finds that falling solar
prices are benefiting some states more than others. Those with
strong policies for interconnection and net metering benefit the
most, and the length of time these policies have been in place
are also important indicators of market success.
Read our article, US Solar Rises 41% in 2013, Greatest Year on
Record.
Learn more about NREL's new solar cell:
Website: www.nrel.gov/news/press/2014/15436.html
HTML http://www.sustainablebusiness.com/index.cfm/go/news.display/id/26060?
More Agelbert Googled images of CPV technology examples:
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Moore's law at WORK in SOLAR technology!
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Nice dish! ;D It's cheaper to make this CPV dish with lots of
angled FLAT (as in cheap to make) small mirrors than making a
large concave mirror dish. I admit wind damage and mean looks
from the neighbors as well as fossil fueler inspired municipal
code violations :P can make things "difficult" for the brave
person that puts this dish on their
garage.
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Nicer dishes! ;D
HTML http://www.solardaily.com/images/suncube-terrestrial-solar-concentrator-system-bg.jpg
The Fresnel lens approach has its advantages because it is flat
for aesthetic quality, weather resistance and code compliance
with nasty, negative negariod fossil fuelers in town councils.
Renewable energy=
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#Post#: 2442--------------------------------------------------
Re: Photvoltaics (PV)
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: December 23, 2014, 11:52 pm
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12/23/2014 05:29 PM
Solar Floats On Water Around the World
SustainableBusiness.com News
Last year, Japan's largest solar plant came online, a 70 MW
Kyocera project with 290,000 solar panels that juts way out into
Kagoshima Bay.
Now, Kyocera will build one that's completely detached from the
land, on a reservoir in Japan (Yamakura Dam). At 13.4 MW, it
will have 50,000 modules covering 180,000 square meters of water
- the largest floating solar project in the world so far. The
company is also building two smaller ones totaling 2.9 MW.
HTML http://www.pv-tech.org/assets/images/Image_SoalrPark_Korea_floating_600.jpg
South Korea Sunflower floating PV power plant
In fact, floating solar projects are becoming popular with
small installations in Britain (200 kW), Italy, and soon, in
Singapore, India - which is installing them on canals and on
reservoirs - and South Korea - which wants to install 4 GW of
solar on 5% of its water surfaces.
There are lots of interesting benefits to floating solar over
water:
•Water offers a stable surface, full exposure to the sun, and
installation is cheaper;
•The entire PV plant can easily be moved, tracking and rotating
with the sun;
•Water cools the modules, increasing energy production by 10%;
during warm months, the ground heats up on land, reducing
output;
•They reduce algae growth in the water, keeping it healthier for
wildlife;
•They reduce evaporation, helping preserve water levels during
warm months, which provides security for farmers;
•They are important for countries like Japan, where there's
little available land.
Because of all these advantages, South Korea's Sunflower Solar
Power Plant is expected to produce 22% more energy than a
comparable ground-mounted PV project.
One thing we haven't heard about is the potential negative
affect on marine life from large projects that darken the
surface water.
HTML http://www.sustainablebusiness.com/index.cfm/go/news.display/id/26071
#Post#: 2475--------------------------------------------------
Re: Photvoltaics (PV)
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: December 30, 2014, 3:15 pm
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Utility-scale Solar Has Another Record Year in 2014
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Lead by North America, utility-scale solar installations will
pass the 10 GW mark.
Renewable Energy World Editors
December 30, 2014
New Hampshire -- Utility-scale solar installations will surge
for a fifth consecutive year in 2014, according to provisional
figures released this week by Wiki-Solar.org, which defined
utility-scale as projects greater than 4 MW in capacity. New
global total installed capacity for the year already exceeds 10
GW, and is expected to climb further, when the official figures
are available in March.
For the first time, Africa and South America show significant
new capacity to join the traditional lead continents of North
America, Asia and Europe. Only Oceania is refusing to join the
solar era, dogged in particular by policy reversals in
Australia.
Africa’s contribution is led by South Africa, whose largest
project — the 74 MW plant at Sishen — was commissioned in
December. Meanwhile Chile is leading the charge in South
America, with 13 new plants connected so far this year.
A good year for Japan, combined with continuing growth in China
and India, should enable Asia to rival and possibly beat North
America as top continent. However the leading country is again
expected to be the U.S., where the world’s largest project — the
550 MW Topaz plant in California — was completed in November.
Europe reversed a 2-year decline thanks largely to another
bumper year in the UK, supported by steady growth in France.
Looking Ahead
Wiki-Solar’s Philip Wolfe anticipates another record year in
2015, with “continuing progress in the powerhouses of U.S.,
China and India; and support in particular from Chile, Japan and
South Africa”.
“There will be pressure in the States to complete projects in
the pipeline, because the future for tax incentives becomes
uncertain from 2016,” he said. “Europe’s best market in the
short term will remain the UK, which has now topped 2 GW and is
likely to leapfrog India to the world’s #4 market by the end of
March. This position may prove temporary, because large-scale
solar becomes ineligible for the UK’s Renewables Obligation from
1st April. Perhaps France, which has recently started Europe’s
largest plant at Cestas will then take up the running.”
“I’m expecting South America to overtake Africa over the next
year or two”, says Wolfe, “especially as Brazil starts to build
the projects which were successful in its recent auction, to add
to a huge project pipeline in Chile.”
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#Post#: 2517--------------------------------------------------
Re: Photvoltaics (PV)
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: January 7, 2015, 11:43 pm
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01/07/2015 02:21 PM
Almost 4000 US Schools Are Running On Solar
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SustainableBusiness.com News
Few places benefit more from solar than our public schools,
where the energy savings can literally make the difference in
being able to pay teacher salaries and buy textbooks.
The first study of solar at US schools finds installations at
3,752 K-12 schools, reaching nearly 2.7 million students. The
schools are saving a combined $77.8 million a year on utility
bills - an average of almost $21,000 a year per school.
Over the past 10 years, solar has grown from just 303 kilowatts
to 490 megawatts (mostly in the last few years). Still, this is
the tip of the "iceberg" of solar potential - there are 125,000
schools in the US, and 72,000 of them could also
cost-effectively add solar, according to The Solar Foundation,
the research arm of the Solar Energy Industries Association.
This map (
HTML http://www.seia.org/map/solar-schools.php)
shows all
the schools with solar and the green/yellow dots show schools
that would benefit depending on the price:
The more solar prices drop, the more schools can afford it. If
all the schools signed on, they would add 5.4 gigawatts of solar
In a time of tight budgets and rising costs, energy is the
biggest bill for schools after peoples' salaries. Solar arrays
at schools are also a great teaching tool on engineering,
science and, of course, clean energy.
As of September, K-Solar is being rolled out in NY State, a
program that streamlines the process of adding solar for school
districts. The goal is to guide schools through the entire
process - from awareness to installation - in as little as six
months, and 40 school districts (200 schools) have already
signed on.
Read, Brighter Future: A Study on Solar in U.S. Schools:
Website:
HTML http://thesolarfoundation.org/sites/thesolarfoundation.org/files/SOLAR-SCHOOLS-REPORT-FINAL.pdf
HTML http://www.sustainablebusiness.com/index.cfm/go/news.display/id/26079
#Post#: 2571--------------------------------------------------
Re: Photvoltaics (PV)
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: January 20, 2015, 5:37 pm
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Luperon, Dominican Republic
--- Quote ---
> There has also been a lot of research, development and
discussion in the energy, international development and
politics-economics communities regarding the potential for
lesser-developed and developing nations to “leapfrog” fossil
fuel energy and build healthier, more sustainable economies and
societies by aggressively deploying integrated renewable
energy-energy storage microgrids.
>
> As the experience of expats in the Caribbean and other
locations where grid power is unavailable, unreliable or
prohibitively expensive attests, home solar-battery storage
solutions are already attractive investments, providing cheaper,
higher quality and more reliable electrical power than
fossil-fuel generation assets, as well as other benefits that
extend well beyond homeowners' financial bottom lines.
--- End Quote ---
Full excellent article at link:
Solar Energy and Storage Help Caribbean Expats Live the Good
Life
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#Post#: 2572--------------------------------------------------
Re: Photvoltaics (PV)
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: January 21, 2015, 3:17 pm
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Solar as an Energy Equity Solution
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#Post#: 2634--------------------------------------------------
Re: Photvoltaics (PV)
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: February 2, 2015, 1:58 pm
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SolarCity Corp Completes The Largest Solar Project At Any US
Brewery
Posted By: Vikas ShuklaPosted date: February 02, 2015 08:30:38
AM
The project will prevent more than 144 million pounds of carbon
dioxide from entering the atmosphere.
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SolarCity announced over the weekend that it has completed the
largest solar project at any brewery in the United States. In
collaboration with MillerCoors, the San Mateo-based company has
installed 10,000 solar panels across ten acres of MillerCoors’
grounds in Irwindale in Los Angeles County. The 3.2MW array will
produce enough energy to brew over 7 million cases of beer every
year.
Full article at link:
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#Post#: 2680--------------------------------------------------
Re: Photvoltaics (PV)
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: February 15, 2015, 1:54 pm
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Look Out Utility Companies: Tesla is Disrupting More Than Just
the Auto Industry
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Cole Mellino | February 10, 2015 9:21 am
Elon Musk, founder of Tesla Motors, has been leading the way in
innovation in the auto industry for more than a decade. The
Model S made waves at this year’s International Auto Show. Last
September, Tesla announced it will build the world’s largest
battery factory just outside of Reno, Nevada. The company is
calling it a “gigafactory,” which will produce batteries for
cars making their all-electric cars more affordable. But the
company also has plans for new products in solar and in-home
energy storage.
In a partnership with SolarCity, Tesla plans to use rooftop
solar panels fitted with Tesla’s batteries to allow customers to
use that stored energy to, say, charge their electric car
overnight.
Tesla will be the most significant competition utility companies
have seen in 100 years, according to Adam Allington of
Marketplace. Allington spoke with J.B. Straubel, Tesla’s chief
technology officer, who says, “In a single factory we’re
doubling the worldwide capacity to manufacture lithium-ion
batteries.” That will be huge for Tesla’s all-electric fleet,
but the company also plans to develop batteries for use with
solar power generation.
In places such as California where solar is becoming
commonplace, there is a huge demand for these batteries.
HTML http://www.runemasterstudios.com/graemlins/images/2thumbs.gif<br
/>“We sign up approximately one new customer every minute of the
workday,” Will Craven, director of public affairs at
California-based SolarCity, told Allington. Much of the excess
energy harnessed by solar panels is returned to the power grid,
Cravens says. Homeowners have no control over where that excess
energy goes. :(
But now, in a partnership with SolarCity, Tesla plans to use
rooftop solar panels fitted with Tesla’s batteries to allow
customers to keep that energy in-house. That way, homeowners can
use that energy when they want and how they want. It’s what
investors call a disruptive technology and it puts Tesla in
direct competition with utility companies.
“Stationary storage, or backup storage, is really being
considered the ‘Holy Grail’ of renewable electricity
generation,” Ben Kallo, an analyst with the Robert W. Baird
financial services firm, told Marketplace. With the ability to
store energy, renewable energy sources can compete head-to-head
with utility companies for customers, according to Kallo.
Musk has never been afraid of the competition. Tesla released
its patents in an unprecedented move to advance electric
vehicles. When asked at the International Auto Show if he was
worried that so many other car companies were going electric, he
said no. The future is in electric vehicles. “Forward-minded
utilities might look at Tesla’s business model as an
opportunity,” says Kallo. “Energy-storage technology could be
used to build capacity in their existing grids and also to build
new infrastructure for battery-powered cars and homes.” ;D
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Renewable energy=
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#Post#: 2778--------------------------------------------------
Re: Photvoltaics (PV)
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: March 4, 2015, 1:59 pm
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Can a State's Solar Market Start Without It?
John Farrell
March 04, 2015
In about half of U.S. states, an individual or business can have
solar installed on their roof owned by someone else, and either
buy the power or lease the array from that third party. These
power purchase or lease models drastically simplify the process
of going solar (at a price), avoiding the work of managing tax
credits, utility or state rebates, and system maintenance.
It also appears that a state’s solar market doesn’t really start
growing until solar gets simple.
Let’s look at the top 10 states in solar per capita. Guess which
states allow third party ownership of solar arrays?
State
(Millions)
Arizona
115
New Jersey
95
Nevada
76
New Mexico
73
Delaware
65
Vermont
62 ;D
California
49
Massachusetts
39
Connecticut
29
Colorado
25
Every single one.
But it’s not just the top 10. If you look at the 26 states with
more solar installed per capita than the national median — 2.3
megawatts per million persons — 21 of the 26 solar market
leaders allow third party ownership. In the map below, you can
see the clear overlap of third party ownership rules with solar
capacity.
Note: the “Top 25″ is actually the 26 states at or above
the median capacity per million persons.
HTML http://ilsr.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/top-solar-states-3rd-party-1024x768.jpg
These “Top 25″ states account for 99 percent of all solar
capacity in the country.
In other words, people will go solar if it’s simple and — with
the possible exception of Indiana — not before.
Third party ownership — via a solar lease or power purchase
agreement — makes solar simple, and this simplicity is necessary
because financing solar remains so complex. In contrast, 75
percent of Americans choose ownership over leasing when
acquiring a new car, because there’s financing available at the
dealer and few, if any, federal, state, and utility-based
incentives to manage. If solar ownership can be made as simple
as owning a car (or even a home), expect solar ownership to
swell.
So why doesn’t every state jump into third party owned solar
arrays?
Because there are substantial advantages to states in
simplifying solar ownership. Ownership means more of the
economic value of of a solar array stays local, whereas the
third party market for solar is dominated by a few national
firms. These firms are less likely to tap the in-state supply
chain for everything from legal services to panel manufacturing.
In other words, the cost of third party provided simplicity is
economic returns.
Unfortunately, few states (if any) have figured out how to make
solar ownership as simple as leasing, and the data shows that
states that want solar have to make it simple. It’s no easy
choice.
This article originally posted at ilsr.org. For timely updates,
follow John Farrell on Twitter or get the Democratic Energy
weekly update.
Photo credit: Matthias Friel via Flickr (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
license)
HTML http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/blog/post/2015/03/can-a-states-solar-market-start-without-it
[b]Agelbert NOTE (and rant):[/b] PV needs sun. The more sun, the
more RENEWABLE ENERGY is available to reduce fossil fuel and
nuclear pig profits. And, of course, Global Warming caused by
greenhouse gasses spurs more people to transition to RENEWABLE
ENERGY. This is disturbing to fossil fuelers
HTML http://www.freesmileys.org/smileys/smiley-scared005.gif.
SO, they DO what they ALWAYS have DONE to make their
horrendously polluting and outrageously expensive energy product
appear "more competitive". They dream up a Geo-Engineered "heat
shied" to be PAID for by we-the-people, OF COURSE. They don't
tell us about it, OF COURSE. The fact that it might do more harm
than good (which has now been PROVEN to be the case) is
irrelevant to these biosphere math challenged, game theory
worshipping idiots. It's the old "break a few eggs to make an
omelete" fallacy.
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/>
The DOE (department of Energy) and the DOD (Department of
Defense) received their marching orders around the year 2000.
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/>
If YOU were the USAF, tasked by our Fossil Fuel Government to
Geo-Engineer a "heat Shield" to save fossil fueler profits and
assses, do you think it is F UCKING OBVIOUS, from the chart
below, where you would order your jet tankers to fly the MAIN
AEROSOL DISPERSAL FLIGHT PATTERN?
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Study the above chart, please. Now study the below chart,
please.
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The law of unintended consequences strikes again. >:( DROUGHT
is only one of SEVERAL deleterious effects
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of this
incredibly stupid "aerosol heat shield" attempt to save fossil
fueldom's ass.
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[move]So how come YOU haven't heard about this correlation that
really IS deleterious causation?[/move]
The M.I.C. mens rea modus operandi evidenced below is standard
operating procedure when a giant expense is being foisted on the
unwitting public.
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Why are these policy makers so reticent to recognize the folly
of Geo-Engineering? Why are they willing to risk irreparable
harm to the biosphere for the sake of DIRTY ENERGY PROFITS?
???
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/>
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/>
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Because they are fascists.
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The above is a 1975 patent for a contrail MODIFIER. I'm sure
some "enhancements" have been made since then.
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Have a nice day. 8)
#Post#: 2784--------------------------------------------------
Re: Photvoltaics (PV)
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: March 5, 2015, 4:23 pm
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[img width=640
height=420]
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Large-scale Solar Reaches Nearly 36 Gigawatts in 2014
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Renewable Energy World Editors
March 05, 2015
Massachusetts, USA -- Global utility-scale PV added 14.2 GW in
2014 doubling 2013 totals and bringing total global generating
capacity to 35.9 GW in 2014, according to figured released by
Wiki-Solar. The 2014 additions equate to the entire installed
capacity at the end of 2012, demonstrating recent massive
growth.
The lion's share of the total capacity is split between North
America, Asia and Europe, while 2014 saw Africa and South
America finally enter the mix with some sizable additions.
Europe also saw new growth this year, after the stagnancy it saw
years prior. Much of this growth has been centralized in the
U.K. market, which may leapfrog India and Germany to become one
of the top three global markets, according to Philip Wolfe,
founder of Wiki-Solar. Much of this growth is due to favorable
policy that is set to expire >:(, which means that the region
may soon see stagnation again soon.
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China, India and the U.S. will see more stable long-term growth,
as well as Chile, Japan and Canada.
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[i]New utility-scale solar installations and cumulative year-end
capacity by continent. Credit: Wiki-Solar[/i]
These results are based on data published by the end of February
2015. Wiki-Solar emphasizes that the figures tend to creep
further upwards as information is published over the course of
the year.
The installed capacity of utility-scale power plants in the
leading countries at the end of 2014 was:
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These top fourteen markets account for 94 percent of the world’s
utility-scale solar. Credit: Wiki-Solar
All top 14 countries shown above, apart from Ukraine, will
likely be in the “gigawatt plus club” by the end of 2015,
according to Wolfe, and we’ll also see some new entrants in the
years to come.
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