DIR Return Create A Forum - Home
---------------------------------------------------------
Renewable Revolution
HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com
---------------------------------------------------------
*****************************************************
DIR Return to: Renewables
*****************************************************
#Post#: 30--------------------------------------------------
Microgrids
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: October 10, 2013, 9:26 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
The Micro(grid) Solution to the Macro Challenge of Climate
Change
Leia Guccione
Consultant
SNIPPET 1:
The Microgrid Solution
Not that long ago, I wrote a piece describing how a microgrid
could help you survive a zombie apocalypse; the reality is
microgrids can help us both prepare for and prevent the much
more realistic threat of climate change. Combatting climate
change necessarily involves a critical shift away from fossil
fuels and towards clean energy, efficiency, and renewable
energy.
Such energy resources are inherently distributed and resilient,
which makes them naturally compatible with—and their benefits
maximized by—microgrids. Thus with efficiency and renewables as
part of a microgrid electricity architecture, you don’t have to
choose between mitigation and adaptation. You can have both. You
can have your cake and eat it, too.
SNIPPET 2:
San Diego Gas and Electric (SDG&E) has partnered with the
Department of Energy (DOE) and the California Energy Commission
(CEC) to build the Borrego Springs Microgrid. This vulnerable
portion of SDG&E territory lies in the remote northeast corner
of their service territory, at the end of a single transmission
line, in an area prone to wildfires.
In order to provide better service to this territory while also
protecting the greater SDG&E grid, the utility has assembled a
microgrid that incorporates distributed solar PV, distributed
energy storage, community and utility-scale energy storage,
smart controls, an advanced Outage Management System (OMS), and
microgrid capabilities. In the event that SDG&E needs to isolate
Borrego Springs due to a wildfire or other system threat, the
community has a diverse mix of energy assets, which give it the
ability to stand on its own.
It is, in many ways, a textbook deployment of a
microgrid—integrated with the macro-grid normally, able to
self-sufficiently island when necessary, powered by portfolio of
distributed and largely renewable energy resources.
HTML http://blog.rmi.org/blog_2013_10_02_microgrid_solution_to_macro_challenge_of_climate_change
#Post#: 37--------------------------------------------------
Re: Microgrids
DIR By: Surly1
Date: October 11, 2013, 5:23 am
---------------------------------------------------------
BTW, AG I am reposting many of these articles on the DDFB page.
I assume that is OK.
#Post#: 41--------------------------------------------------
Re: Microgrids
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: October 11, 2013, 5:25 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
Surly,
Absolutely! Post anything you want that you find here with or
without attribution.
The more people know about the bad stuff that has happened and
the good stuff that can and is happening, the better.
#Post#: 1633--------------------------------------------------
Re: Microgrids
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: July 31, 2014, 2:25 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
Case Study: Using OPC Software To Operate Wind Farms in Spain
Darek Kominek, MatrikonOPC
July 31, 2014
Confronted by problems such as multiple locations, proprietary
components from multiple vendors, and the necessity for reliable
communication channels over unreliable network environments, the
energy company had found data consolidation from its different
wind farms highly challenging.
In partnering with experts dedicated to provide a vendor-neutral
solution, OPC could be implemented as a corporate standard for
communication. Thanks to this, the energy company achieved a
scalable and robust architecture based on an open standard which
enables the creation of a vendor neutral hardware and software
architecture. As a result, the connectivity between the remote
wind farms and the control center allowed for reliable data
transition and reduced project costs.
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-310714150128.png
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-310714150204.png
Full article here:
HTML http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2014/07/case-study-using-opc-software-to-operate-wind-farms-in-spain
Agelbert NOTE: Fossil fuel power plants are NOT available for
power production an average of 12.5% of the time. The next time
some idiot tells you Renewable Energy is intermittent, ask them,
AS OPPOSED TO WHAT? And nuclear power plants are DOWN more than
12.5% of the time!
Source: Amory Lovins of the Rocky Mountain Institute.
HTML http://www.freesmileys.org/emoticons/emoticon-animal-067.gif<br
/>
HTML http://www.websmileys.com/sm/violent/sterb029.gif
#Post#: 1688--------------------------------------------------
Re: Microgrids
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: August 12, 2014, 6:24 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
HTML http://dl10.glitter-graphics.net/pub/2491/2491210ovie015m90.gif<br
/>
HTML http://dl3.glitter-graphics.net/pub/465/465823jzy0y15obs.gif
US State Breaks Ground on a "Perfect" Solar + Storage Microgrid
that Can Provide Resilient Power
Another first for Vermont as the state breaks ground on a
project that combines solar and energy storage in a microgrid
funded through a unique federal-state-utility-NGO partnership.
HTML http://www.smile-day.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Smiley-Thumbs-Up2.jpg<br
/>
Jennifer Runyon, Chief Editor, RenewableEnergyWorld.com
August 12, 2014
Nashua, NH -- Today Green Mountain Power (GMP) broke ground on a
solar plus energy storage microgrid in Rutland, Vermont with one
expert calling it a "perfect" project. The 2.5-MW solar project
is being developed in conjunction with Dynapower and GroSolar
and includes 4 MW of battery storage, both lithium ion and lead
acid, to integrate the solar generation into the local grid, and
to provide resilient power in case of a grid outage.
Interested in microgrids? Sign up for our Microgrid Executive
MBA Training Course with author and professor Mahesh Bhave. In
this course, you will learn to evaluate project economics of
microgrid projects in a variety of markets using case studies,
financial models, and templates. Find more information here.
The companies said that this project is one of the first
solar-only microgrids in the nation, and the first to provide
full back-up to an emergency shelter on the distribution
network. “Solar power and battery storage will provide clean
reliable power to a school that serves as an emergency shelter,
helping a community cope with loss of power in a future
disaster,” said Lewis Milford, president of Clean Energy Group,
which manages the Clean Energy States Alliance.
Green Mountain Power has set a goal of making Rutland, VT the
solar capital of New England and this project, which is also
being developed on a brownfield site thereby revitalizing a
depressed area, will help it meet that goal.
“This project is a national model for the future of clean energy
– combining solar with energy storage,” said Dr. Imre Gyuk,
Energy Storage Program Manager in the DOE's Office of
Electricity Delivery. “This project provides resilient power
during emergencies while benefitting the grid at other times.
The technical innovations will reduce cost and make the project
commercially viable…. This is the perfect project! It has social
value, technical innovation, and furthers renewable integration
for the grid.”
Gyuk, who said he was in "an excellent mood" after the
groundbreaking event on Tuesday, continued: "This project has
everything and in particular, it has total buy-in [from federal,
state, and local government agencies as well as industry and the
utility]."
Gyuk said the the cost recovery for this project will come
largely through services to the grid. "During non-emergency
periods, [the energy storage] is simply there to make the grid
smoother," he said. Gyuk is particularly interested in how
utilities will value grid resiliency and said that this project
will help further that discussion. "Emergency services are more
difficult to monitize," he explained.
In terms of the value of energy storage, "frequency regulation
has now become a commerially viable business," said Gyuk. This
isn't only because it has been demonstrated to work technically
but also because FERC realized the value of doing it fast and
with clean energy, he said. Gyuk estimates that frequency
regulation with energy storage is valued at roughly twice what
frequency regulation is when it's done with fossil fuels. ;D
The energy storage component of this project is co-funded by a
federal-state-NGO partnership involving the State of Vermont;
the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity; and the
Energy Storage Technology Advancement Partnership (ESTAP), a
project managed by Clean Energy States Alliance and Sandia
National Laboratories.
GMP said that the project puts Vermont in the forefront of the
new movement toward microgrids, energy storage, and grid
modernization. Solar + storage and microgrid technologies are
poised to revolutionize resilient power, bringing clean,
locally-generated power to communities all over the world. These
systems can keep critical facilities, such as emergency
shelters, firehouses and fueling stations, operating when the
grid goes down.
There is a great need for such resilient power solutions, as
shown by recent disasters like Hurricane Sandy, which affected
the entire eastern seaboard and left millions without electrical
service. With this project, Vermont takes a giant step toward
addressing this need, as well as meeting Vermont’s clean energy
and emissions reduction goals.
The $10 million project is expected to be up and running by
December 2014.
Editor's note: Want to learn how to design a microgrid? Sign up
for RenewableEnergyWorld.com's Microgrid Executive MBA Training
Course with author and professor Mahesh Bhave. In this course,
you will learn to evaluate project economics of microgrid
projects in a variety of markets using case studies, financial
models, and templates. Find more information at link below.
HTML http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2014/08/us-state-launches-solar-storage-microgrid-that-can-provide-backup-power
My comment:
A. G. Gelbert
August 12, 2014
As a resident of Vermont and GMP customer, I celebrate this
prudent, wise, profitable and sustainable course of action.
Thank you, GMP, for acting sanely while surrounded by an insane
U.S. energy industry.
Perhaps logical thinking will catch on in the rest of the
country in general and the utilities in particular. But I'm not
holding my breath.
Not discussed in most energy web sites and threads is the FACT
that many, many people like myself are QUITE WILLING to accept
all kinds of WWII type restrictions on energy use in order to go
100% renewable energy. That is, I am willing to ACCEPT an
INSTANT and PERMANENT elimination of grid power for 75% of the
day, every day. Also a 2 gallon per day LIMIT on TOTAL
gasoline/heating oil/ equivalent cubic feet of natural gas
consumption. WE ARE READY TO DO IT NOW!
Just IMAGINE the HUGE drop in national energy use if we ALL did
that and anybody who wanted more HAD to get it from renewable
energy, not fossil fuels or nuclear power. And NO MORE DIRTY
ENERGY SUBSIDIES OF ANY KIND!
But in our idiotic "we cannot slow down the economy for a silly
thing like having a viable biosphere" world, these OBVIOUS rapid
fixes to get off dirty energy in less than a decade just never
get traction.
Obvious and sane behavior needs to become part of the USA again.
I hope GMP is showing the way.
#Post#: 1691--------------------------------------------------
MORE grid reliability from adding renewable energy, NOT less!
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: August 13, 2014, 12:34 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
Germany Added A Lot Of Wind And Solar Power, And Its Electric
Grid Became More Reliable
Germany only lost 15.91 minutes of electricity per customer in
2012. That's better than most of its European neighbors, and
much better than the U.S.
SNIPPET:
To hear its critics tell it, Germany’s ambitious push to switch
over to renewable energy has delivered an electrical grid that’s
capricious, unreliable, and prone to blackouts. But according to
data highlighted by ECO Report last week, the reality on the
ground couldn’t be further from that caricature. :icon_mrgreen:
HTML http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/08/12/3470070/germany-reliable-grid-renewables/
Take THAT, Mr. REALITY challenged Mking who claims to only DO
"nuts and bolts" math reality. Mking, proud member of magical
thinkers for fossil fuel cornucopia! LOL!
And let us not forget our DEAR SWEET Nicole Foss who loudly
warned and admonished as an ENERGY EXPERT that Germany's path
was WRONG!
HTML http://www.whydidyouwearthat.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/tumblr_l7j9nik8Wf1qaxxwjo1_5001.jpeg<br
/>
#Post#: 2648--------------------------------------------------
Re: Microgrids
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: February 5, 2015, 9:52 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
[b]AC/DC: In the New Current Wars, Will Edison Win Out After
All?[/b]
Posted February 3, 2015
In the late 1800s, as the United States embarked on a public
effort to electrify the country, the “War of Currents” pitted
Alternating Current (AC) power against Direct Current (DC)
power. On one side was Thomas Edison, an advocate of DC power.
On the other side was George Westinghouse, who had acquired the
patents for AC power held by Nikola Tesla. In the end, the
capability of AC power to run at high voltage from large central
generating stations over long distances with relatively
inexpensive transformers to “step down” and “step up” the
voltage made AC the victor, setting the industry standard. As
the electric power sector modernizes, however, two substantial
changes could signal a return to the war of currents.
First, declining costs and increasing options in distributed
generation (DG) may offer an opportunity for microgrids and
low-voltage transmission close to loads. These are the optimum
conditions for the utilization of DC power, which can be more
efficient than AC.
Second, improvements in battery technologies are driving down
costs for localized energy storage. Batteries, which deliver DC
power, offer many advantages to the electric system for supply
side management, but also for demand side management.
Eliminating spikes in demand could dramatically reduce expensive
peak power generation needs.
Combining storage with distributed generation, DC-powered
microgrids become a very attractive option for their system
efficiency, reliability, resiliency, and ancillary benefits.
The truth is, a surprising amount of today’s electronic devices
are already DC. When I plug in my laptop, what goes into the
computer itself is DC power – the power cord contains an
inverter to change the current from AC at the plug to DC at the
device. Every smartphone or other electronic device that charges
from a USB cable uses DC power. That little USB plug that you
put in the wall – that’s an inverter.
Variable speed motors, which are much more efficient than fixed
speed motors, contain DC inverters, because DC offers the
flexibility to meet varying speed requirements.
HTML http://www.runemasterstudios.com/graemlins/images/2thumbs.gif
LED lights are also based on DC technology. The bulb contains a
micro-inverter to change from AC to DC power, but at a cost. The
conversion leads not only to reduction in efficiency, but also
reduction in operable life. LEDs already last longer than
incandescents and CFLs, but when they fail, it is the usually
inverter that goes, not the bulb itself.
The biggest opportunity comes from the fact that the leading
form of distributed generation, solar photovoltaic, creates
electricity in DC. Now, solar owners need an inverter to get the
power into AC for the grid and our AC-wired homes – again, at a
cost. The typical derating of solar from nameplate capacity,
from a variety of causes, is 23%, with roughly 8% of the
reduction due to DC to AC conversion.
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-200714183312.bmp<br
/> Furthermore, solar systems that feed directly into a DC
storage
system don’t require net metering, which has come under attack
as solar installations have grown.
So, if much of our consumption requires DC power and distributed
generation technologies generate DC,why should we lose so much
energy by converting the current to AC and then back to DC? What
if we turned the system around, inverting only where AC is
required instead of DC? From an energy standpoint, that may be
the future.
HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/128fs318181.gif
At the Devil’s Thumb Ranch, an eco-resort in the mountains of
Colorado, Schneider Electric teamed up with advanced energy
engineering firm PosEn to transform almost 200,000 square feet
of buildings from standard AC to a DC microgrid system with
lithium-ion battery storage and intelligent controls, along with
distributed generation.
HTML http://www.runemasterstudios.com/graemlins/images/2thumbs.gif
At a new barn and veterinary facility built to use only DC
power, the system powers a well pump, motors, lighting, and
trough heaters in a harsh environment (it gets down to -40
degrees F). The power consumption of the facility was
originally designed for about 10kW of AC – but that dropped to
just 3.2kW utilizing locally generated DC power, sophisticated
energy management, and energy storage.
There are other advantages to low voltage DC as well. Take the
laptop power cord. If you were to cut the cord and grab the
wires on the AC side of the adapter, you would get a nasty
shock. You would also create a fire danger. But on the DC side,
cutting the cord would not cause a fire, and the shock would be
much less. (Still, don’t try this at home). Wider utilization of
low voltage DC would also make electrical work safer and easier.
The National Electric Code (NEC), that is the standard across
the country requires a licensed electrician to do work involving
AC power – but low voltage DC can be done safely by a
knowledgeable layperson, reducing construction and remodeling
costs.
Or take local distribution lines. Those wires that run from pole
to pole are expensive to maintain and are exposed to the risk of
falling tree limbs in storms, but the cost of putting them under
ground is prohibitive. Low voltage DC lines can be undergrounded
for much lower cost – giving the community a highly resilient
distribution system without unsightly wires.
With all of these benefits of DC in a changing technology
landscape where on-site DC generation and DC-powered devices are
both growing in popularity, we could see a return to the current
wars – and this time, Edison just may win.
Used under a Creative Commons license.
HTML http://theenergycollective.com/tom-plant/2188861/acdc-new-current-wars-will-edison-win-out-after-all
#Post#: 4702--------------------------------------------------
Re: Microgrids
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: March 15, 2016, 9:25 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
03/14/2016 01:10 PM
[center]
First Peer-to-Peer Solar Network Forms in Brooklyn, NY
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-200714191456.bmp[/center]
SustainableBusiness.com News
Have you ever thought of this possibility? You have too much
shade on your roof for solar panels, but your neighbors have
plenty of sun, producing more than they need. Why not buy
electricity from their solar arrays instead of from the grid?
A new microgrid network in Brooklyn, New York is doing exactly
that, developing a peer-to-peer solar network where neighbors
can buy and sell solar and wind energy.
This is the first step toward transforming how energy is bought
and sold.
The Brooklyn Microgrid runs on Ethereum, a technology created
for secure Bitcoin transactions. It monitors energy flows
through the system and allows residents to buy and sell energy
on the peer-to-peer network.
"It's pretty hands off - as we think that will suit consumers
best - but in the future we plan to enable people to set
preferences to maximise savings, do good in the community, and
sell energy cheaper to low income areas."
Developing a network like this is complicated right now. It
requires contracts, financing, network designs, for example, but
that will work itself out over time.
Last year, SolarCity launched GridLogic, where they design and
operate custom turn-key microgrids that combine locally-produced
solar, batteries (from Tesla) and energy management.
[center]
HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-150316140515.jpeg[/center]
[center]Benefits of Microgrids [/center]
Microgrids - small, community-based energy systems that are
independent from the grid - are taking off by the thousands
across the US, and NY State in particular, supports a transition
to distributed energy.
"Communities are taking an important first step toward securing
their energy future. By ensuring a continuous energy supply,
medical facilities and communities can more reliably provide
critical services and be better protected in the event that
disaster strikes. I encourage communities across the state to
participate in the NY Prize program to make their energy systems
stronger and more resilient," says Governor Cuomo.
Microgrids hook up to the central utility grid, but don't rely
on it and can be disconnected during a storm - protecting
members from power outages.
During Superstorm Sandy, residents with solar systems were
distraught when they couldn't get electricity during the storm.
That's because they were hooked to the grid and for safety
purposes, the connection had to be turned off to protect people
from being electrocuted when working on transmission lines.
A microgrid takes care of that problem because it continues to
run even when the grid connection is turned off.
HTML http://cliparts.co/cliparts/Big/Egq/BigEgqBMT.png
Another benefit of microgrids is that energy isn't lost as it
travels long distances through transmission lines.
About 6% of the electricity generated from central power plants
is lost, according to the US Energy Information Administration.
"This whole concept benefits the area you live in. By buying
energy locally, rather than from a national entity, the money
goes back into the pockets of people in the community," explains
Joseph Lubin, co-founder of Transactive Grid.
"For so long, we have been beholden to the big energy companies
and the take up of renewable energy has been held back by
traditional business models. We want to give people another
option."
Connecticut is building a state-wide microgrid and New Jersey
has the first microgrid for a transit system. California is
spending $26.5 million in grants for microgrid projects, and the
military is very active on microgrids, even experimenting with
tethering them together.
Read our article, Consortium Forms to Accelerate Microgrids in
US.
HTML http://www.sustainablebusiness.com/index.cfm/go/news.display/id/26573
#Post#: 6448--------------------------------------------------
Re: Microgrids
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: February 10, 2017, 6:10 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
[center]Top 5 Hybrid Energy News (Solar- and Wind-Diesel-Hybrid
+ Microgrids) – November 2016 by THEnergy[/center]
mining · islands · minigrids · microgrids · solar-diesel-hybrid
· wind-diesel-hybrid · energy-storage
The November edition of our “Top 5 Hybrid Energy News” features
Tesla, SolarCity, Redavia, Shanta Gold, New Sun Road, Microsoft,
Leonardo DiCaprio’s Blackadore Caye Resort, Omni Power and
Astronergy. In the past month, we have seen interesting
microgrid projects on islands, solar for the mining industry and
a large-scale commercial PV solution for post-offices in
Bangladesh.
Top 1
Tesla Powers American Samoan Island With Solar-Storage Microgrid
Tesla and SolarCity have deployed a solar plus storage microgrid
on the island of Ta’u located more than 4,000 miles from the
U.S. West Coast. Before, the island had suffered power rationing
and outages. The microgrid consists of a 1.4 MW PV array and 6
MWh of battery storage from 60 Tesla Powerpacks. Diesel gensets
are only used as back-up.
HTML http://www.decentralized-energy.com/articles/2016/11/american-samoan-island-powered-by-solar-storage-microgrid.html<br
/>
Top 2
Redavia to Expand Its Shanta Gold Mine PV Project to 672kW in
Tanzania
The expansion project is the second phase of a two-phased
process to increase New Luika's use of solar energy. The
existing 63kW rental solar power plant built in 2014 will be
extended by 609kW. Work on the expansion plant has already begun
and will continue into 2017.
HTML https://www.miningreview.com/news/redavia-to-boost-solar-capacity-at-new-luika-gold-mine/<br
/>
"Shanta Gold's decision to expand Redavia's rental solar farm to
more than ten-fold is strong proof that rental solar makes sense
for off-grid mines”, comments Erwin Spolders, CEO of Redavia.
Top 3
Microsoft Supported Start-up New Sun Road Powers Islands in
Southern Uganda
The 50,000 inhabitants of the Ssese Islands in Uganda depend
largely on the fishing industry. New Sun Road built solar
microgrids that substituted costly diesel energy and provides
reliable power supply for the local industry.
HTML http://nextbillion.net/an-opportunity-for-small-businesses-expanding-affordable-internet-access-grant-applications-open-today/<br
/>
“New Sun Road’s project delivers affordable, clean energy and
productive services to rural small businesses, many of them
operated by women. We believe their solution will massively
scale in the years to come due to their significant investments
in leveraging the power of big data, the cloud, machine
learning, and artificial intelligence to deliver clean energy
and connectivity more efficiently and effectively”, explains
Kevin Connolly, Business Development at Microsoft Affordable
Access Initiative. Jalel Sager, Director of New Sun Road adds:
“Uganda has all the right conditions for a vibrant solar
market—lots of off-grid users, plenty of sunshine, and fluency
in mobile money. Once its small-power producer regulations
become firmer and more evenly enforced, we can expect to see a
very quick uptake.”
Top 4
Leonardo DiCaprio’s Island Resort in Belize Will Be Powered By
Renewables
Blackadore Caye Resort off the Atlantic coast of Belize was
planned by Denniston International Architects & Planners Ltd.
There will be 36 residential estate homes and 36 bookable
bungalows spread over the island's 104 acres. Solar panels will
be installed to generate as much renewable energy as possible.
HTML https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-11-07/leonardo-dicaprio-s-private-island-resort-blackadore-caye-belize<br
/>
This could be an interesting reference for renewable energy
players. If DiCaprio is ambitious, he could create another
flagship example for renewables on islands, like Over Yonder Cay
of the Bosarge Family Office, Richard Branson’s Necker Island or
Club Med’s Gasfinolhu Island.
Top 5
Omni Power equips 8,500 post offices in Bangladesh with solar
The PV installations will provide a reliable off grid power
source to post offices in remote regions where power cuts or
lack of grid connection are a problem. The Bangladeshi
Government will cover the costs, which amount to US$20 million.
Many PV plants will reduce diesel consumption. The PV modules
will be delivered by Astronergy.
HTML http://www.pv-magazine.com/news/details/beitrag/astronergy-equips-bangladesh-post-offices-with-solar-modules_100026894/#ixzz4S8xisbAY<br
/>
If you want to receive the news earlier, please follows us on
TWITTER:
HTML https://twitter.com/THEnergyNet.
Also use likes and retweets on Twitter to show which of the Top
5 news you like best! All likes and retweets are added up; the
result will be published in our NEWSLETTER!
Sign up for our NEWSLETTER at
HTML http://www.th-energy.net/newsletter-1/
#Post#: 6695--------------------------------------------------
Re: Microgrids
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: March 16, 2017, 5:27 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
HTML https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/527210744178167809/z6CbCdS5.jpeg
[center]Growing the Minigrid Market in Sub-Saharan Africa
HTML http://dl3.glitter-graphics.net/pub/465/465823jzy0y15obs.gif[/center]
Download Report at link:
HTML http://www.rmi.org/energy_within_reach
*****************************************************
Page 1 of 2
DIR Next Page