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       #Post#: 8134--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Fossil Fuel Subsidies - The Invisible Ones are Worse Than th
       e Obvious Ones!
       By: AGelbert Date: October 17, 2017, 2:13 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       [img
       width=140]
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-200317134631.png[/img]
       [center]Scott Pruitt
  HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-200714191329.bmp<br
       /> says subsidies give renewables an unfair edge, and here’s why
       he’s a monumental hypocrite[/center]
       LAST UPDATED ON OCTOBER 10TH, 2017 AT 4:37 PM BY ALEXANDRU MICU
       [center]
       [img
       width=640]
  HTML https://cdn.zmescience.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Pruitt.jpg[/img][/center]
       [center]Mom says I’m good at Photoshop, ok?  ;D Image credits me
       / ZMEScience, free to use with attribution.[/center]
       In a pioneering display of cognitive dissonance, EPA chief Scott
       Pruitt said on Monday that he would to do away with subsidies
       for renewable energy and let them “stand on their own and
       compete against” other sources of energy, such as fossil — the
       latter being heavily subsidized, and has been so for decades.
       [img
       width=50]
  HTML http://www.smilies.4-user.de/include/Spiele/smilie_game_017.gif[/img]
       
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       />
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       [img
       width=800]
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       Another week, another Pruittism.  [img
       width=30]
  HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/2rzukw3.gif[/img]
       This
       Monday, the Environmental Protection Agency Administrator said
       that he believes federal tax credits for wind and solar power
       should be eliminated in the interest of fair play on the energy
       market. [img
       width=80]
  HTML http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_9HT4xZyDmh4/TOHhxzA0wLI/AAAAAAAAEUk/oeHDS2cfxWQ/s200/Smiley_Angel_Wings_Halo.jpg[/img]<br
       />
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       “I would do away with these incentives that we give to wind and
       solar,” he told attendees at a Kentucky Farm Bureau event.
       “I’d let them stand on their own and compete  ;) against coal
       and natural gas and other sources, and let utilities make
       real-time market decisions on those types of things as opposed
       to being propped up by tax incentives and other types of credits
       that occur, both in the federal level and state level,” he
       further explained.
       Now, I like hypocrisy just as much as the next guy (spoiler
       alert: I don’t [img width=25
       height=30]
  HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-080515182559.png[/img]<br
       />) but Mr. Pruitt definitely went to previously un-dredged lows
       with that announcement. To see why, let’s take a look at what
       subsidies are and how they play out across the energy sector.
       Here’s the too long; didn’t read version, presented by David
       Hochschild, a commissioner with the California Energy
       Commission, at the Energy Productivity Summer Study in Sydney in
       February 2016. Image via CleanTechnica.
       [center][img
       width=640]
  HTML https://cdn.zmescience.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/david-subsidies.jpg[/img][/center]
       Subsidy, according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary
       A grant or gift of money: such as:
       a) a sum of money formerly granted by the British Parliament to
       the crown and raised by special taxation
       b) money granted by one state to another
       c) a grant by a government to a private person or company to
       assist an enterprise deemed advantageous to the public.
       We’re interested in the latter meaning of the word. Let’s take a
       look at the subsidies Mr. Pruitt would do away with:
       1.Wind power currently enjoys a tax credit of about 2.3 cents
       per kWh produced, and the measure starts phasing out this year
       and will expire completely in 2020.
       2.Solar energy investments get tax credits equal to 30% of their
       sum to encourage companies to invest in the sector. These
       credits will expire completely by 2022.
       These incentives enjoy wide support among environmentalists and
       Democrats, while direct competitors of renewable in the energy
       market obviously oppose them, as do some Republicans. They’ve
       been touted again and again as the sole reason why renewable
       energy has seen such rapid growth in recent years, and the
       fossil fuel industry has been endlessly complaining they’re an
       unfair advantage.
       Now let’s take a look at the subsidies oil, gas, and coal
       receive, as quantified by researchers at Oil Change
       International (full report at the bottom of the article). The
       sums in brackets are the estimated costs per year of these
       subsidies. Find a comfy seat, ’cause this is going to take a
       while.
       The monetary black hole that is fossil fuel subsidies
       Exploration and production related:
       1.Intangible drilling oil & gas deduction ($2.3 billion):
       Independent producers can fully deduct costs that aren’t
       directly related to the final operation of wells (such as labor,
       surveying, ground clearing, including development costs).
       Integrated companies can deduct 70% up front and the rest of 30%
       over five years.
       2.Excess of percentage over cost depletion ($1.5 billion):
       Independent fossil fuel producers can deduct a percentage of
       their gross income from production, reflecting reservoir
       depreciation.
       Non-production related:
       1.Master Limited Partnerships tax exemption ($1.6 billion): A
       special corporate form that is exempt from corporate income
       taxes and publicly-traded on stock markets, primarily available
       to natural resource firms, the majority of which are fossil fuel
       companies.
       2.Last-in, first-out (LIFO) accounting ($1.7 billion): Allows
       oil companies to assume for accounting purposes that they sell
       the inventory most recently acquired or manufactured first. When
       inventory is experiencing increasing prices, LIFO assigns the
       most recent prices to cost of goods sold and oldest prices to
       remaining inventory, hence resulting in the highest amount of
       cost of goods sold and lowest taxable income for the company. It
       gets even better! LIFO-like measures are prohibited under
       international financial reporting standards.
       Fire-sale on federal lands:
       Author’s note: these methods hand over energy resources from
       public lands and federally-controlled waters to the fossil fuel
       industry at extremely low relative prices.
       1.Lost royalties from onshore and offshore drilling ($1.2
       billion): outdated royalty exemptions, rate setting, and
       procedures for assessing oil and gas production on federal lands
       shortchange taxpayers by more than a billion dollars each year.
       If the federal government were to charge a 20% royalty rate for
       onshore drilling, the lowest rate charged by the state of Texas,
       taxpayers would benefit from an additional $3 billion in
       revenues.
       2.Low-cost leasing of coal-production in the Powder River Basin
       ($963 million): allows coal companies to lease federal land at
       low costs in the Powder River Basin (PRB), a mostly
       federally-owned coal-producing region in Wyoming and Montana
       that accounts for 40 percent of U.S. coal production (and 85
       percent of coal production from federal lands). By exempting
       from ‘major coal producing region’ status, the federal
       government did away with requirements to plan and monitor coal
       production according to a systematic management process, making
       for significantly lenient lease rates in the PRB.
       From now on I’ll just give a few examples in each category, and
       I’ll keep them short because most of you are probably dozing off
       by now.
       Coal Bailouts:
       Author’s note: as coal companies become insolvent, taxpayer
       dollars cover their obligations to communities and workers.
       1.Inadequate industry fees recouped to cover the Abandoned Mine
       Land Grant Fund ($400 million).
       2.Inadequate industry support to cover worker health impacts
       ($330 million).
       Pollution subsidies:
       1.Deduction for oil spill penalty costs ($334 million).
       2.Tar sands exemption from payments into the Oil Spill Liability
       Trust Fund ($47 million).
       Subsidies that lock in fossil fuel dependence:
       1.Enhanced oil recovery credit ($235 million in 2017, could cost
       $8.8 billion over the next decade according to The Office of
       Management and Budget).
       2.CO2 sequestration credit ($95 million).
       Gets hard to follow, so here it is in chart form for 2016: [img
       width=40
       height=40]
  HTML http://www.clker.com/cliparts/c/8/f/8/11949865511933397169thumbs_up_nathan_eady_01.svg.hi.png[/img]<br
       />
       [img
       width=800]
  HTML https://cdn.zmescience.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/PermaTaxBreak.png[/img]
       [img
       width=800]
  HTML https://cdn.zmescience.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/OCI_US_Fossil_Fuel_Subs_2015_16_categories.jpg[/img]
       [img
       width=800]
  HTML https://cdn.zmescience.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/OCI_US_Fossil_Fuel_Subs_2015_16_categories.jpg[/img]
       Add everything up and you get $14.7 billion in federal subsidies
       and $5.8 billion in state-level incentives, for a total of $20.5
       billion annually in corporate welfare. One-fifth of that goes to
       coal, the rest to oil and gas. Another factor at play here is
       continuity and length of these subsidizing schemes.
       Another graph presented by Hochschild in Sydney, showing the
       short-term nature of the subsidies for renewable energy.
       [img
       width=800]
  HTML https://cdn.zmescience.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/david-susbidies-time.jpg[/img]
       [quote]“There is a myth around subsidies, but there is no such
       thing as an unsubsidised unit of energy,” Hochschild told
       RenewEconomy after his presentation, and CleanTechnica later
       picking up on the quote here. “The fossil fuel industry hates to
       talk about that,” he added.[/quote]
       He explained that oil depletion allowances have been in place
       since 1926 and would continue, despite the fact that oil is “one
       of the most profitable industries in the world.” Insurance costs
       for nuclear plants, “without which there would be no nuclear
       plants,” are also a subsidy, CleanTechnica goes on to write.
       Drilling or fracking, which have been made exempt from
       compliance with the safe drinking water act, also serve as a
       subsidy by allowing natural gas companies to cut costs.
       US wind and solar industries were stifled with repeated changes
       to their federal support mechanisms. The tax credits have been
       changed seven times in a decade, according to Hochschild.
       “How can you plan a wind turbine factory or project in those
       types of conditions?” he asked.
       A sliver of a crumb
       Everything I’ve listed above is only part of the direct
       subsidies fossil fuel companies receive in the US, because the
       OCI only looked at direct production subsidies. OCI notes that
       the estimates of state-level subsidies are probably low, since
       many states don’t report the costs of tax expenditures (i.e.,
       tax breaks and credits to industry), so data is difficult to
       come by.
       Add to the above roughly $14.5 billion in consumption subsidies
       (things like Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program, which
       helps residents pay for heating bills,) $2.1 billion in
       subsidies for overseas fossil fuel projects, and probably the
       single greatest offender, indirect subsidies. This latter
       category involves things like the money the US military spends
       to protect oil shipping routes, or the unpaid costs of health
       and climate impacts from burning fossil fuels, which are
       naturally really hard to quantify precisely but navigate in the
       region of hundreds of billions of dollars.
       It’s not happening in the US alone. According to the
       International Energy Agency, global subsidies for fossil fuels
       outweigh those for renewable energy more than 10-fold —
       CleanTechnica estimates it’s more than 13-fold if you don’t
       count biofuels. Vox reported that the International Monetary
       Fund estimates the world spends $500 billion in direct subsidies
       for fossil energy, a figure that increases to about $5.3
       trillion a year after indirect spending (including environmental
       damages) are factored in.
       But only Mr. Pruitt has the audacity to claim subsidies unfairly
       favor renewables, and they should be scrapped. It’s both
       hilarious and infuriating when the chief of the EPA says that,
       considering that the US’ subsidy policy on renewables is “hey
       we’ll help cover a bit of the cost of each unit of energy a wind
       turbine produces, and any company that invests in building solar
       energy will get just shy of 1/3 of that investment as a tax
       reduction. For the next 3-5 years.” Then it turns around and
       shells some $30 billion to fossil fuel companies every year.
       Why? Well, as OCI concludes:
       “In the 2015-2016 election cycle, oil, gas, and coal companies
       spent $354 million in campaign contributions and lobbying and
       received $29.4 billion in federal subsidies in total over those
       same years — an 8,200% return on investment.”
       Every penny of that is paid from your pocket. Every year, your
       taxes pay for a company’s search for new deposits and the means
       to exploit them, its tax breaks, covers accounting artifices
       that are banned under international financing standards,
       forfeiture of royalties, dirt-cheap leasing, and finally they
       cover the costs when that company pollutes your air and water or
       simply fracks up big time and spills something or goes
       insolvent. Every year, some starting as far back as the 1900s.
       All of it so that a fossil fuel company can keep making money,
       despite the fact that renewables can take up the job for less
       spending, fewer health impacts, less wealth concentration. And
       with 100% less global warming cover-up shenanigans.
       [img
       width=70]
  HTML http://www.funny-emoticons.com/files/funny-animals/blue-bird-emoticons/801-listen-up!.png[/img]<br
       />So tell me again about how energy companies need to “stand on
       their own and compete” Pruitt, you brass-necked hypocrite.
       OCI’s full report is available here. For a more comprehensive
       list of the subsidy schemes energy companies enjoy, as well as
       more details for the ones I’ve listed here, you can use the
       Green Scissors database.
  HTML https://www.zmescience.com/science/scott-pruitt-energy-subsidy/
       [move][I][font=impact]The Fossil Fuelers DID THE Clean Energy
       Inventions suppressing, Climate Trashing, human health depleting
       CRIME,[COLOR=BROWN]   but since they have ALWAYS BEEN liars and
       conscience free crooks, they are trying to AVOID [/color]  DOING
       THE TIME or     PAYING THE FINE!     Don't let them get away
       with it! Pass it on!
  HTML http://www.pic4ever.com/images/176.gif<br
       />[/font][/I][/move]
       #Post#: 12901--------------------------------------------------
       Robert Reich explains the policies that line the pockets of corp
       orations while hurting ordinary Amer
       By: AGelbert Date: July 17, 2019, 3:19 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Agelbert NOTE: Check out how much Corporate Welfare
       we-the-people are coerced to hand out to the &#129429;&#129430;
       Hydrocarbon Fuels &#128520; "Industry" Crooks and Liars.
       [center] [img
       width=200]
  HTML http://graysondemocrats.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/end-oil.jpg[/img]<br
       />[/center]
       [center]Robert Reich: How Corporate Welfare
       
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-130418193910.gifHurts<br
       />
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-040718162656-14241872.gif<br
       />YOU[/center]
       32,086 views
       [center]
  HTML https://youtu.be/8Qq8LQqT_bw[/center]
       &#128077;
       Robert Reich &#128077;&#128077;&#128077;
       Published on Jul 16, 2019
       Former Secretary of Labor Robert Reich explains the policies
       that line the pockets of corporations while hurting ordinary
       Americans.
       [center]Watch More: The Truth of Privatization
       &#9658;&#9658;[/center]
       [center]
  HTML https://youtu.be/0wYHRWo2Ins[/center]
       Category News & Politics
       [center][img
       width=640]
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       [center][img
       width=400]
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       />[/center]
       #Post#: 13320--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Fossil Fuel Subsidies - The Invisible Ones are Worse Than th
       e Obvious Ones!
       By: AGelbert Date: August 21, 2019, 11:09 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       [center][img
       width=200]
  HTML http://graysondemocrats.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/end-oil.jpg[/img][/center]
       [font=times new roman]CleanTechnica[/font]
       Support CleanTechnica’s work via donations on Patreon or PayPal!
       Or just go buy a cool t-shirt, cup, baby outfit, bag, or hoodie.
  HTML https://cleantechnica.com/shop/#!/
       [center]US [img
       width=80]
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/1/3-020818201645-1486464.jpeg[/img]<br
       />Subsidizes  Fossil Fuels To The Tune Of $4.6, $27.4, Or $649
       Billion Annually, Depending On Source  [img
       width=40]
  HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-120716190938.png[/img][/center]
       August 20th, 2019 by Michael Barnard
       There are frequently complaints bandied about by the usual
       suspects about the horrendous subsidies for renewable energy,
       along with claims that renewables would die without them. It’s
       worth looking at the state of energy subsidies in the US in that
       context.
       There are a set of increasing numbers that are worth
       considering. Congressional research puts the minimum number at
       $4.6 billion annually. An NRDC G7 annual analysis puts the
       number at $27.4 billion annually. An IMF full accounting
       including negative externalities related to health and global
       warming puts it at $649 billion annually.
       Per the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the US subsidizes
       fossil fuels to the tune of $649 billion annually, above the
       non-war defense budget (wars get special funding).
       The IMF found that direct and indirect subsidies for coal, oil
       and gas in the U.S. reached $649 billion in 2015. Pentagon
       spending that same year was $599 billion.
       The study defines “subsidy” very broadly, as many economists do.
       It accounts for the “differences between actual consumer fuel
       prices and how much consumers would pay if prices fully
       reflected supply costs plus the taxes needed to reflect
       environmental costs” and other damage, including premature
       deaths from air pollution.
       The IMF, by the way, is an international organization of 189
       countries including the US, founded in 1945 with the primary
       purpose of ensuring the stability of the international monetary
       system — the system of exchange rates and international payments
       that enables countries (and their citizens) to transact with
       each other. It’s a very serious global organization.
       Direct fiscal support for fossil fuel extraction and production
       in the US comes in a few forms. There are numerous permanent tax
       code funding credits available for fossil fuel exploration and
       extraction, adding up to $4.6 billion annually, per a 2019
       Congressional Research report on energy subsidies. That report
       is the smallest estimate of fossil fuel subsidies, yet
       historically they indicate that total fossil fuel subsidies have
       exceeded renewables subsidies since 1978 and in 1982 exceeded
       the highest annual subsidies for renewables in any year.
       [center]Graph of historical and projected energy subsidies
       1978-2022[/center]
       [center][img
       width=640]
  HTML https://cleantechnica.com/files/2019/08/Screen-Shot-2019-08-20-at-9.17.56-AM.png[/img]<br
       />[/center]
       [center]Graph courtesy of US Congressional Research
       Service[/center]
       The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), Overseas
       Development Institute (ODI), Oil Change International (OCI), and
       the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
       publish an annual scorecard of fossil fuel subsidies in the G7
       countries. They put the US total number higher, at $27.4
       billion. All G7 countries pledged to eliminate fossil fuel
       subsidies well over a decade ago, but the worst performer in
       terms of removing them has been the USA.
       The United States ranked last on progress in removing fossil
       fuel subsidies, due to the massive amount of subsidies for
       fossil fuel exploration and production, as well as for
       backtracking on previous pledges to end support to fossil fuels.
       And using the G7 measures of fiscal incentives for energy, it’s
       clear that the US has provided vastly more support to fossil
       fuels than it has to renewables.
       Of course, none of these studies tries to calculate the
       geopolitical costs of US military action related to defending
       oil supplies. That’s a thornier problem, but it’s clear that the
       US military has spent a lot of its global budget specifically in
       regions which provided the US with a lot of fossil fuels for
       politically strategic reasons which are now going away.
       The United States, unlike many countries, doesn’t have a direct
       consumption subsidy for fossil fuels, which is what some
       defenders of the industry use as the basis of their false claim
       that there are no subsidies. The International Energy Agency
       tracks direct consumption subsidies in material it publishes
       annually, and the United States doesn’t show up in that list.
       Iran, Saudi Arabia, and China lead the pack in terms of those
       subsidies, but China is tracking well in terms of reducing
       subsidies across the energy space, including on fossil fuels.
       It’s worth comparing and contrasting this to the subsidies that
       wind and solar energy get in the USA. Unlike fossil fuels, these
       subsidies aren’t in the permanent tax code but in a temporary
       code category.
       The Production Tax Credit for wind energy has been an on and off
       credit per kWh for electricity generated from wind farms. In
       late 2015, it was extended through 2020 starting at $21 per MWh
       for the first ten years of production with a 20% reduction for
       new wind farms each year, ending in 2019. That means that a wind
       farm built in 2019 would get about $4 per MWh for the next
       decade, but one built in 2020 will get no tax credits.
       The Investment Tax Credit (ITC) for solar had a different
       trajectory. It was extended through 2022 and offered 30% tax
       credits for home, commercial, and utility projects. In 2022,
       that will be reduced to 10% for commercial solar and utility
       projects only, with no tax credits for home projects. That’s
       obviously reduced substantially in a calculated stepdown as
       well.
       That’s right. In 2022, new wind energy will get zero financial
       assistance of any kind and new solar will get very little, while
       fossil fuels will continue to get $4.6 billion annually in the
       best possible accounting, $27.4 billion in a reasonable
       accounting and $649 billion in a full accounting including
       negative externalities.
       [center]Chart showing impacts of PTC and ITC scenarios on
       renewable energy[/center]
       [center][img
       width=640]
  HTML https://cleantechnica.com/files/2019/08/fig_if3-1_2018.png[/img][/center]
       [center]Chart courtesy US EIA[/center]
       As the EIA chart on the impacts of different scenarios for the
       PTC and ITC shows, there are substantial upsides for the US grid
       to extending the PTC and ITC, just as there are substantial
       upsides for elimination of fossil fuels subsidies.
       It’s worth noting that the deal that extended the PTC and ITC
       came about because Congressional deal makers gave (mostly)
       Republicans a very specific, fossil fuel win. The deal removed
       the US restriction on exporting crude oil, a policy which was
       put in place around the OPEC Oil Crisis for energy security
       reasons. So the ITC and PTC temporary extensions came with the
       USA being able to ship more fossil fuels of different types to
       other countries, permanently.
       And it’s also worth noting that nuclear generation also has
       permanent tax code breaks worth $1.6 billion annually as well.
       That excludes the insurance liability cap on nuclear plants
       which the United States taxpayer is on the hook for in the case
       of a Fukushima- or Chernobyl-scale incident. Anything over $13
       billion is the responsibility of the US government, hence
       taxpayers. Since Fukushima’s total economic costs are likely to
       be closer to a trillion USD than not if everything is counted
       in, $13 billion doesn’t look like a lot.
  HTML https://cleantechnica.com/2019/08/20/us-subsidizes-fossil-fuels-to-the-tune-of-4-6-27-4-or-649-billion-annually-depending-on-source/
       #Post#: 14672--------------------------------------------------
       The Biggest Losers Of The US Shale Bust
       By: Surly1 Date: December 4, 2019, 5:43 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Nothing new here for RR readers, but the bill has... finally...
       come due. Sad. :)
       Meet The Biggest Losers Of The US Shale Bust
  HTML https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/meet-biggest-losers-us-shale-bust
       [html]<p><a
       href="
  HTML https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/Meet-The-Biggest-Losers-Of-The-US-Shale-Bust.html"><em>Authored<br
       />by Anes Alic via OilPrice.com,</em></a></p>&#13;<p>After a
       decade of unprecedented growth and seemingly endless
       investments, <strong>the writing is now on the wall:</strong>
       the Great American Shale Boom is slowing down and this could
       have some<strong> grave consequences </strong>both the industry
       and the financial markets. </p>&#13;<p><a
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       />1x,
  HTML https://zh-prod-1cc738ca-7d3b-4a72-b792-20bd8d8fa069.storage.googleapis.com/s3fs-public/styles/inline_image_desktop/public/inline-images/d73f775ec56a189e7e1e73687d3f24f3.jpg?itok=7_Hvo-mI<br
       />2x" media="all and (min-width: 1024px)" type="image/jpeg"
       /><source
       srcset="
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       />1x" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg"
       /><source
       srcset="
  HTML https://zh-prod-1cc738ca-7d3b-4a72-b792-20bd8d8fa069.storage.googleapis.com/s3fs-public/styles/inline_image_mobile/public/inline-images/d73f775ec56a189e7e1e73687d3f24f3.jpg?itok=ueFzLrVn<br
       />1x" type="image/jpeg" /><img data-entity-type="file"
       data-entity-uuid="56e21d68-eac5-46f3-8b86-8286409de1b9"
       data-responsive-image-="" height="209" width="500"
       src="
  HTML https://zh-prod-1cc738ca-7d3b-4a72-b792-20bd8d8fa069.storage.googleapis.com/s3fs-public/inline-images/d73f775ec56a189e7e1e73687d3f24f3.jpg"<br
       />alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" /></picture></a></p>&#13;<p><strong
       >A
       total of 32 oil and gas drillers have <a
       href="
  HTML https://www.haynesboone.com/Publications/energy-bankruptcy-monitors-and-surveys">filed<br
       />for bankruptcy</a> through the third quarter, with the total
       number of bankruptcy filings since 2015 now clocking in at more
       than 200.</strong></p>&#13;<p>Unlike Phase 1 of the oil bust
       that featured shale production declining due to an epic global
       price collapse, the current slowdown is being driven partly by
       industry-wide <a
       href="
  HTML https://www.wsj.com/articles/shale-boom-is-slowing-just-when-the-world-needs-oil-most-11569795047">core<br
       />operational issues</a>, including declining production due to
       wells being drilled too close to one another as well as
       production sweet spots running out too soon. </p>&#13;<p>Yet,
       the most important underlying theme precipitating the collapse
       is a growing financial squeeze as banks and investors pull in
       the reins and demand that shale drillers prioritize
       profitability over production growth.</p>&#13;<p>The shale
       industry has been built on mountains of debt and the day of
       reckoning is finally here. </p>&#13;<p>As many company
       executives who hoped to drill their way out of debt are
       belatedly discovering, trying to squeeze a profit from
       shale-fracking operations is akin to trying to draw blood from
       stone with the industry having racked up cumulative losses
       estimated at <a
       href="
  HTML https://www.wsj.com/articles/wall-streets-fracking-frenzy-runs-dry-as-profits-fail-to-materialize-1512577420">more<br
       />than a quarter of a trillion dollars</a>.</p>&#13;<p>From the
       Permian of the Southwest to the Eagle Ford in Texas and the
       Bakken of central North America, the future is looking decidedly
       bleak for shale companies that racked up the most debt and
       expanded too aggressively.</p>&#13;<h3><u><strong>Bingeing on
       debt</strong></u></h3>&#13;<p><strong>Chesapeake Energy Corp.
       </strong>(NYSE:CHK) is widely considered the posterchild of
       debt-fueled shale investments <a
       href="
  HTML https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/This-US-Shale-Giant-Is-On-The-Brink-Of-Collapse.html">gone<br
       />woefully wrong</a>. A decade ago, the company&rsquo;s deceased
       CEO, Aubrey McClendon (aka the Shale King), was the highest paid
       Fortune 500 CEO. McClendon had a rather unusual <em>modus
       operand</em>i: instead of trying to sell oil and gas, he was
       essentially flipping real estate using borrowed money to acquire
       leases to drill on land, then reselling them for 5x- 10x
       more.</p>&#13;<p>He was unapologetic about it, too, claiming it
       was far more profitable than the drilling
       business.</p>&#13;<p>McClendon&rsquo;s aggressive leasing
       tactics finally landed him in trouble with the Oklahoma
       authorities before he was killed in a car crash shortly after
       being indicted. </p>&#13;<p>He left the company that he founded
       in a serious liquidity crunch and corporate governance issues
       from which Chesapeake has never fully recovered--CHK stock has
       crashed from an all-time high of $64 a share under McClendon in
       2008 to $0.60 currently. </p>&#13;<p>The shares plunged 30% in
       early November after management fired a warning that the company
       was at risk of defaulting on an important leverage covenant,
       something that would trigger the entire balance immediately
       coming due:</p>&#13;<blockquote>&#13;<p>&lsquo;&lsquo;<em>If
       continued depressed prices persist, combined with the scheduled
       reductions in the leverage ratio covenant, our ability to comply
       with the leverage ratio covenant during the next 12 months will
       be adversely affected, which raises substantial doubt about our
       ability to continue as a going
       concern.</em>&rsquo;&rsquo;</p>&#13;</blockquote>&#13;<h3><u><st
       rong>Unmitigated
       disaster for shareholders </strong></u></h3>&#13;<p>Yet, if
       shale companies are having it rough, shale investments have been
       nothing short of disastrous for individual shareholders and
       investors.</p>&#13;<p>As Steve Schlotterbeck, former CEO of
       largest natural gas producer EQT,<a
       href="
  HTML https://www.shaledirectories.com/blog/former-eqt-ceo-scolds-his-industry-big-time/"><br
       />has attested</a>:</p>&#13;<blockquote>&#13;<p><em>&ldquo;The
       shale gas revolution has frankly been an unmitigated disaster
       for any buy-and-hold investor in the shale gas industry with
       very few limited exceptions. In fact, I'm not aware of another
       case of a disruptive technological change that has done so much
       harm to the industry that created the
       change.&rdquo;</em></p>&#13;</blockquote>&#13;<p>According to
       Schlotterbeck, the scale of value destruction has been
       mind-boggling with the average shale company obliterating 80% of
       its value (excluding capital) over the past
       decade.</p>&#13;<p>Chesapeake and the 200+ companies that have
       gone under should serve as a cautionary tale for an industry
       that&rsquo;s big on promises and loves to finance its big
       ambitions on borrowed dimes with little to show for it in the
       way of profits. </p>&#13;<p>Yet, the vicious cycle of high debt,
       high cash burn and poor returns refuses to go away. Starved for
       cash, energy companies have devised a new instrument with which
       to court investors and continue bankrolling their operations:
       shale bonds. These companies are now floating asset-backed
       securities wherein producers transfer ownership interests to
       investors with proceeds from the wells used to pay off the
       bonds.</p>&#13;<p>A good case in point is Denver-based oil and
       gas company Raisa Energy LLC, which closed the first shale bond
       offering in September. Raisa will pay nearly 6% interest on the
       best quality wells, with higher rates offered on riskier assets.
       </p>&#13;<p>After years of low interest rates, fixed-income
       investors are finding junk bonds increasingly attractive and
       might find the lure of shale bonds irresistible. But these bonds
       are a potentially high-risk investment considering that modeling
       future production remains an inexact science due to the complex
       geology of shale basins.</p>&#13;<p>Investors will only have
       companies&rsquo; estimates when trying to model potential
       returns, never mind the fact that there are literally thousands
       of shale wells that are pumping well below forecasts.
       </p>&#13;<p>To get a better grasp of the underlying risks,
       consider <strong>Whiting Petroleum</strong> (NYSE: WLL) whose
       June 2018 unsecured bonds recently traded as low as 57.8 cents
       on the dollar.</p>&#13;<p>It&rsquo;s not just retail investors
       getting torched in this shale snafu. </p>&#13;<p><a
       href="
  HTML https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-21/billionaire-fracking-brothers-hammered-by-permian-investments">Bloomberg<br
       />has reported</a> that former shale billionaires Farris and Dan
       Wilks have seen their Permian shale investments decimated in the
       latest oil bust.</p>&#13;<h3><u><strong>Energy
       independence</strong></u></h3>&#13;<p>As Schlotterbeck
       deadpanned: </p>&#13;<blockquote>&#13;<p><em>&ldquo;Nearly every
       American has benefited from shale gas, with one big
       exception--the shale gas
       investors.&rdquo;</em></p>&#13;</blockquote>&#13;<p>No one can
       deny that the US shale industry has been highly beneficial to
       the country in a number of ways. For starters, it has helped to
       lower gas and energy prices for the consumer while freeing the
       nation from over-dependence on oil imports. Indeed, in November,
       the US posted its first full month as a net exporter of crude
       oil in 70 years, with Rystad Energy predicting the country is
       only months away from achieving <a
       href="
  HTML https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-29/u-s-posts-first-month-in-70-years-as-a-net-petroleum-exporter?srnd=markets-vp">total<br
       />energy independence</a>.</p>&#13;<p><strong>But unless these
       companies can figure a way to drill profitably and stem the
       ballooning debts, this is going to continue being a race to the
       bottom with investors at the bottom of the totem pole paying the
       highest price.</strong></p>[/html]
       #Post#: 15514--------------------------------------------------
       Cutting Fossil Fuel Subsidies Could Be Even More Beneficial Than
        We Realized
       By: AGelbert Date: February 7, 2020, 6:57 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-061217183404.png
       By Dharna Noor Today 8:30AM • Filed to: &#129429;&#129430;
       FOSSIL FUEL
       [center] [img
       width=200]
  HTML http://graysondemocrats.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/end-oil.jpg[/img]<br
       />[/center]
       [center]Cutting Fossil Fuel Subsidies Could Be Even More
       Beneficial Than We Realized [img width=70
       height=40]
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-060518153110.png[/img][/center]
       The world wastes trillions of dollars every year on fossil fuel
       direct and indirect subsidies. Trillions! The U.S. alone spends
       hundreds of billions of dollars on them, ten times as much as it
       spends on education.
       Full article
  HTML https://earther.gizmodo.com/cutting-fossil-fuel-subsidies-could-be-even-more-benefi-1841500311?utm_source=earther_newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2020-02-07<br
       />[img
       width=40]
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/1/3-120818184310-1635923.gif[/img]<br
       />
       [center][img
       width=400]
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-170218174458.png[/img]<br
       />[/center]
       #Post#: 16646--------------------------------------------------
       The End Polluter Welfare Act
       By: AGelbert Date: May 15, 2021, 12:22 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       [font=times new roman]Senator Leahy[/font]
       <Senator_Leahy@leahy.senate.gov>
       Thu, May 13, 10:26 AM (2 days ago)
       to me
       
       Dear Mr. Gelbert:
       Thank you for contacting me about reining in subsidies for
       fossil fuel companies.  I appreciate hearing from you about this
       important issue.
       Climate change poses an existential threat to our planet and all
       who live here.  Yet responsibility for this crisis is not shared
       evenly.  For decades, fossil fuel companies have known about
       anthropogenic climate change and their sector’s contribution to
       it and spent millions of dollars promoting climate denial and
       disinformation.  In fact, the twenty largest fossil fuel
       companies account for more than a third of global greenhouse gas
       emissions in the modern era.  Despite this, they continue to
       receive direct federal subsidies and benefit from significant
       tax loopholes.  I strongly believe that it is time to transition
       away from fossil fuels and invest in renewable energy
       infrastructure and a just transition to a green economy.  One of
       the goals of President Biden’s American Jobs Plan is to
       eliminate tax preferences for fossil fuels and to make sure
       polluting industries pay for environmental clean-up.  As
       Chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee, I look forward
       to working with President Biden and my colleagues in the Senate
       to achieve these goals.
       On April 15, 2021, [font=times new roman]Senator Bernie
       Sanders[/font] introduced the End Polluter Welfare Act.  [img
       width=40]
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/1/3-120818185037-16412296.gif[/img]<br
       />This bill would close a number of tax loopholes and eliminate 
       an
       estimated $150 billion in federal subsidies over the next decade
       for the oil, gas, and coal industries.  [img
       width=30]
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/1/3-210818180844.png[/img][img<br
       />width=70
       height=40]
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-060518153110.png[/img]<br
       />It has been referred to the Senate Finance Committee, of which
        I
       am not a member.  Please know that I will keep your thoughts in
       mind should the End Polluter Welfare Act or any legislation
       related to the fossil fuel industry come before the full Senate
       for consideration.
       Again, thank you for contacting me.  Please keep in touch.
       Sincerely,
       PATRICK LEAHY
       United States Senator
       [img
       width=90]
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-221017161839.png[/img]
       [center][img
       width=400]
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-170218174458.png[/img][/center]
       #Post#: 16737--------------------------------------------------
       The Invisible Fossil Fuel Subsidies are Worse Than the Obvious O
       nes!
       By: AGelbert Date: June 25, 2021, 11:02 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders <Senator@sanders.senate.gov>
       Jun 24, 2021, 2:01 PM to me
       Dear  Mr. Gelbert:
       Thank you for contacting me to voice your support for ocean
       conservation. Like you, I support protecting and restoring the
       health of our oceans, fisheries, and coastal economies.
       As you know, our oceans play a key role in human and
       environmental health. In fact, the ocean produces more than half
       of the world’s oxygen, and is crucial to planetary climate
       regulation. It also stores 50 times more carbon dioxide than our
       atmosphere, and is home to an estimated one million species of
       animals. In light of the increasing number of threats facing our
       oceans – including warming temperatures, ocean acidification,
       and marine pollution – I believe we must take immediate action
       to preserve our precious marine ecosystems for future
       generations.
       That is why I cosponsored the Thirty by Thirty Resolution to
       Save Nature last Congress, which establishes the goal of
       conserving at least 30 percent of our nation’s ocean and land by
       2030. I also cosponsored the COAST Anti-Drilling Act, the Stop
       Arctic Ocean Drilling Act, and the West Coast Ocean Protection
       Act to prohibit drilling on the outer Continental Shelf and the
       Arctic. Lastly, I cosponsored the Shark Fin Sales Elimination
       Act, which helps to address the precipitous decline in shark
       populations around the world by prohibiting the sale, transport,
       or purchase of shark fins and shark fin products.
       As a member of the Senate environment and natural resources
       committees, and as a longtime supporter of marine conservation
       programs, please know that I will keep your thoughts in mind
       should the Senate consider legislation on ocean conservation.
       Sincerely,
       BERNARD SANDERS
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/1/3-120818185039-1655102.gif
       United States Senator
       U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders <Senator@sanders.senate.gov>
       Jun 24, 2021, 2:10 PM to me
       Dear  Mr. Gelbert:
       Thank you for contacting me to voice your concerns with the
       Growing Climate Solutions Act. I have heard from a number of
       Vermonters like you who are concerned with the impacts of this
       bill on small farmers and our environment, which is why I voted
       against this legislation.
       As you know, agriculture and land use practices can be hugely
       effective in sequestering carbon, making farming, ranching and
       forestry an important part of the fight against climate change.
       The Growing Climate Solutions Act would expand the involvement
       of farmers and foresters in the carbon market by establishing
       the Greenhouse Gas Technical Assistance Provider and Third-Party
       Verifier Certification Program, which would allow the U.S.
       Department of Agriculture (USDA) to provide resources to private
       landowners on participating in the carbon market. However, as
       you mentioned in your letter, there are concerns that this bill
       would exacerbate pollution in low-income communities and
       communities of color, and would strengthen corporate agriculture
       while hurting small farms.
       Please know I will keep your concerns in mind as I continue to
       support legislation that addresses the existential threat of
       climate change.
       Sincerely,
       BERNARD SANDERS
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/1/3-120818185039-1655102.gif
       United States Senator
       U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders <Senator@sanders.senate.gov>
       Jun 24, 2021, 2:12 PM to me
       Dear  Mr. Gelbert:
       Thank you for contacting me to voice your support for the Block
       All New (BAN) Oil Exports Act. You will be pleased to know that
       I am an original cosponsor of this important piece of
       legislation.
       As you may know, the United States is expected to be the largest
       oil and liquefied natural gas exporter in the next few years. In
       fact, national crude oil and products exports has increased 770
       percent since 2006. As the wealthiest country on the planet and
       the second largest emitter of greenhouse gases, the United
       States needs to lead the fight against global climate change,
       and that means swiftly transitioning away from dirty fossil
       fuels and toward clean, renewable sources of energy.
       That is why I joined Senators Markey, Merkley, and Wyden in
       reintroducing the BAN Oil Exports Act, which would reinstate the
       ban on exporting American crude oil and natural gas abroad. This
       bill would also impose restrictions on the export of other
       harmful products, including coal, petroleum products and
       petrochemical feedstocks. The BAN Oil Exports Act is currently
       before the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban
       Affairs, of which I am not a member. Please know I will keep
       your thoughts in mind as I continue to support this bill and
       other efforts to address climate change.
       Thank you again for contacting me, and please feel free to stay
       in touch about this or any other subject of interest to you. For
       up-to-date information on what I am working on, please sign-up
       for my e-newsletter, the Bernie Buzz, at
  HTML https://www.sanders.senate.gov/contact/newsletter-signup.
       [img
       width=25
       height=30]
  HTML http://www.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-080515182559.png[/img]
       Sincerely,
       BERNARD SANDERS [img
       width=40]
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/1/3-120818185037-16412296.gif[/img]<br
       />[img
       width=40]
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/1/3-120818185038-16442135.gif[/img]
       [font=times new roman]United States Senator[/font]
       #Post#: 17017--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Fossil Fuel Subsidies - The Invisible Ones are Worse Than th
       e Obvious Ones!
       By: AGelbert Date: October 25, 2021, 3:58 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       [move]“The House bill made a decent start by targeting Big Oil’s
       international tax loopholes, but it went nowhere near far
       enough,” said Lukas Ross, Climate and Energy Justice Program
       Manager at Friends of the Earth. The dual capacity loophole,
       which allows oil companies substantial latitude to potentially
       misrepresent royalties and other payments to foreign governments
       as creditable tax payments, would raise at least another $1.4
       billion; other estimates put the number much higher. [/move]
       [center][img
       width=640]
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/2/3-251021164720.png[/img][/center]
       [center]New Report Reveals Big Oil’s $86B Offshore Tax
       Bonanza[img
       width=80]
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-130418193910.gif[/img][img<br
       />width=40]
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-130418201722.png[/img][/center]
       New research by BailoutWatch, Friends of the Earth, and Oxfam
       reveals a trove of international tax subsidies that exclusively
       benefit a handful of [img
       width=70]
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-130418203402.gif[/img]<br
       />multinational polluters.
       
       Read more
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/1/3-111018132422-1692935.gif
  HTML https://bailoutwatch.org/analysis/new-report-reveals-big-oils-86b-offshore-tax-bonanza
       [move][font=impact]The &#129429;&#129430; Hydrocarbon &#128121;
       Hellspawn Fossil Fuelers DID THE Clean Energy Inventions
       suppressing, Climate Trashing, Government corrupting, human
       health depleting CRIME. Since [Color=Brown]they have ALWAYS BEEN
       liars and conscience free [img
       width=30]
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/2/3-200419205214.png[/img][img<br
       />width=50]
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-130418193910.gif[/img]crooks,<br
       />they are trying to AVOID [/color]DOING THE TIME or PAYING THE
       FINE!  Don't let them get away with it! Pass it on![/font]  [img
       width=30]
  HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/2/3-300919160023-2284203.png[/img][/move]
       #Post#: 17143--------------------------------------------------
       Fossil Fuel Subsidies - The Invisible Ones are Worse Than the Ob
       vious Ones!
       By: AGelbert Date: December 5, 2021, 8:32 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       [center][img
       width=640]
  HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3/3-051221212752.png[/img][/center]
       Dec 5, 2021 45,984 views
       [center]Exploring the TRUE cost of ditching hydrocarbon
       fuels.[/center]
       [center]
  HTML https://youtu.be/HpCAmGtvmeU[/center]
       Just Have a Think 362K subscribers
       Fossil fuels are inextricably linked to our everyday lives and
       it'll be impossible to phase them out in the next three decades.
       At least that's what the fossil fuel industry would have you
       believe. But new studies have looked at precisely what we DO
       need to do to rapidly rid ourselves of the largest historical,
       and current, cause of the global climate emergency.
       #Post#: 17153--------------------------------------------------
       ... bill would scrap special tax treatment. Instead, they might 
       hand the oil and gas industry a new subsidy.
       By: AGelbert Date: December 10, 2021, 5:13 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       E&E NEWS
       By Nick Sobczyk, Heather Richards | 12/10/2021 06:25 AM EST
       [move]Progressives set out to write a reconciliation bill that
       would scrap special tax treatment for fossil fuel companies.
       Instead, they might hand the oil and gas industry a new subsidy.
       [img
       width=100]
  HTML http://media.tumblr.com/c6492e4b47cfdbd50e74d285fde3c53e/tumblr_inline_mm3g4yCaZc1qz4rgp.gif[/img][/move]
       [center]‘It’s grotesque’: Inside the Hill methane fight
  HTML https://www.eenews.net/articles/its-grotesque-inside-the-hill-methane-fight/?utm_campaign=Hot%20News&utm_medium=email&_hsmi=193618504&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-84dgM3VFeZWQDWYSikL5oH0DAf3aQY42Q0ZShM5Do1pLyhg0LvA1Nppk_uBsg9Z-wOLT07VOnX_Djw8_jyFxR6dsJJvg&utm_content=193618504&utm_source=hs_email<br
       />[img
       width=70]
  HTML http://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/1/3-120818204546.gif[/img][/center]
       [center][img
       width=224]
  HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3-240316150731.png[/img][img<br
       />width=396]
  HTML https://renewablerevolution.createaforum.com/gallery/renewablerevolution/3/3-041221202255.png[/img][/center]
       [center][img
       width=640]
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       *****************************************************
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