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#Post#: 587--------------------------------------------------
Masdar Engage Contest Entry by A. G. Gelbert
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: December 19, 2013, 11:03 pm
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Masdar Engage Contest Entry Submitted December 20, 2013
Water, Energy and Waste Sustainable Development in Large Cities
HTML http://public.wsu.edu/~mreed/380American%20Consumption_files/image002.jpg
There is no doubt that humans in general, and those concentrated
in cities in particular, are responsible for much of the massive
demand for potable of water and energy. There is also agreement
that this demand is, at present not healthy for the biosphere in
general and humans in particular. There is too much waste,
inefficient energy use, lack of renewable energy infrastructure,
pollution from fossil fuels and inefficient water use as well.
In summary, there is a consensus among knowledgeable and
observant people in the reality based community that our present
trajectory in the above issues is unsustainable.
The solution requires the phasing out of all fossil fuels and
nuclear fission power plants and replace them with Renewable
energy. This energy needs to be harvested within 100 miles or
less from the highest energy users on the planet, the large
cities, in order to have lower transmission and infrastructure
costs.
The energy must be baseload quality 24 hours a day with wind and
solar to supplement demand spikes along with pumped water
storage energy, fuel cell or battery storage technologies.
The renewable energy source that is best suited on a global
scale because it is constant, powerful and close to the major
cities is the energy from ocean currents.
Observe the two maps below.
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World population concentration
Now let us overlay the Hydrosphere. ;D
Please observe the result of the merging of the hydrosphere
graphic and the population concentration graphic below:
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The energy is renewable, does not disturb the biosphere or
hydrosphere and can completely replace the polluting energy we
now suffer from. The densely populated areas have this powerful
source nearby.
Ocean currents have far more energy potential than ocean tides.
The tides alone are estimated to have a potential tidal stream
energy capacity of over 120GW globally. Using both plus wind and
PV would make a 100% Renewable Energy transition to the 18TW the
planet required feasible with technology we now have.
Just in the UK alone, the marine power resource is estimated to
be more than 10GW, representing about 50% of Europe’s tidal
energy capacity.
In the USA a project is now in the works to provide wind turbine
power to the East Coast for up to 1.9 million households. When
built out, the Atlantic Wind Connection (AWC) backbone will
stretch 350 miles off the coast from New Jersey to Virginia and
will be able to connect 6,000MW of offshore wind turbines.
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Now look at where those wind turbines will be and realize that
undersea turbines can be placed close by and save on cabling the
energy to the shore. Much more energy can be harvested 24 hours
a day from the ocean current. Sharing energy transmission cables
from wind and ocean current turbines will save millions of
dollars and hasten the transition to 100% clean energy.
HTML http://marinebio.org/i/currents/Ocean_currents_1943.jpg
As the new, clean energy replaces dirty energy, full
electrification of the economies to eliminate the internal
combustion engine for power plants, vehicles and factories will
clean the air in large cities.
With plenty of renewable energy to electrify the planet and
eliminate the internal combustion engine pollution, the
worldwide potable water problem can be solved anywhere on the
planet that the relative humidity is above 23% (any place it is
not a desert climate) by extracting water from the ambient air.
The waste water can, given all the ocean current energy, be
processed for agricultural fertilizer (eliminating petrochemical
fertilizers).
In this way, we will imitate the biosphere in turning our waste
into a nutrient that benefits all life on earth, not just
humans.
A. G. Gelbert
#Post#: 4040--------------------------------------------------
Egypt has developed a game-changing low-power water desalination
technique
DIR By: AGelbert
Date: October 25, 2015, 1:47 pm
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[center]Egypt has developed a game-changing low-power water
desalination technique[/center]
[center] [img
width=640
height=360]
HTML http://l2.yimg.com/bt/api/res/1.2/YxktXv9uKVSQQbBhQ8fnNA--/YXBwaWQ9eW5ld3NfbGVnbztmaT1maWxsO2g9NjQwO3B5b2ZmPTA7cT03NTt3PTk2MA--/http://media.zenfs.com/en-US/homerun/digital_trends_973/d8eb54fcadbfef331f066a35a99add3d[/img]
[/center]
About 71 percent of the Earth’s surface is covered by water,
but unfortunately most of that liquid nourishment isn’t suitable
for drinking because it’s salt water found in the oceans.
Removing salt from water is not an easy process, either. Current
desalination technology requires a high amount of energy, making
it prohibitively expensive — especially in developing nations.
But don’t worry: a team of researchers at Alexandria University
in Egypt have bypassed these power-hungry methods and created a
simple filtration technique; the details of which are described
in a research paper published last month in Water Science and
Technology.
To remove salt from water with minimal power, the researchers
use the process of pervaporation, in which salt water is first
filtered though a membrane to remove larger particles.
[center]
HTML http://www.zeolitesolutions.co.uk/images/membrane3.jpg[/center]
These filters contain cellulose acetate powder that, along with
other components, will bind the salt particles as they pass
through the membrane. Made from materials common to Egypt and
surrounding countries, the filters are affordable and can easily
be produced in a laboratory setting.
Related: Hawaii’s new OTEC power plant harvests energy stored in
warm ocean water
Once filtered, the water is vaporized under heat in a second
purification step. The vapor, containing pure water, is then
condensed and collected for drinking purposes. This method
reportedly works with sea water, even the highly-salinized water
of the Red Sea. It also purifies water that’s been contaminated
with sewage and/or dirt, which makes it beneficial for use in
developing nations. Because it uses ingredients available
locally and does not require lot of energy, desalination via
pervaporation is a relatively inexpensive process. “Using
pervaporation eliminates the need for electricity that is used
in classic desalination processes, thus cutting costs
significantly,” says said Ahmed El-Shafei, an associate
professor of agricultural and biosystems engineering in
Alexandria University.
The method of pervaporation has been in use since the early
1990s and is being used in waste water treatment to separate
organic solvents from industrial waste water. The team hopes to
scale up production of the saline-removine membrane, printing it
off in sheets that can be cut down for individual use. It also
is working on a pilot desalination unit to test out the method
on a larger scale.
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