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#Post#: 4848--------------------------------------------------
The End of Libraries
By: Mac Date: January 3, 2012, 2:11 pm
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[glow=red,2,300]The End of Libraries
HTML http://alltogethernow.org/showtag.php?currid=85[/glow]
An open-ended essay on the tech of ebooks, libraries, business
models and readers (customers)
[quote]The End of Libraries, Part I
Oct 18, 2011
I am a library manager, a convert to the eBook format, and very
worried. Although speculation regarding the collapse of public
libraries has been in the infosphere since the advent of the
internet, the public library’s continued existence has never
been more uncertain than it is today.
First, consider that in the face of growing demand, libraries
around the nation are cutting back on new acquisitions, hours,
and staffing. In tough economic times, public libraries, which
are almost always primarily funded at the local level, are easy
targets for cost cutting, and they are being targeted
practically everywhere.
And then consider the advent of eBooks, which are exploding in
popularity. Amazon sells more of them than they do hardcovers
and paperbacks combined. There are four good reasons why eBooks
will marginalize, if not eliminate, the paper-based book within
a few years:
1.
one reader.
2.
irresistible—no trees to cut down, paper to manufacture, type to
set, or books to print, bind, store, and distribute by truck,
train, and plane to the four corners of the world. In time,
those irresistible economics will filter down to the buyer of
books in the form of greatly reduced prices, at which point
Amazon’s eBook sales will go through the roof.
3.
and annotate eBooks. You can embed audio and video and Internet
links in them. In time, eBooks will add values and features we
aren’t even dreaming about today.
4.
to the book. All you have to do is want it and, in a few
seconds, anywhere in the world, the book comes to you.
Eighty-two percent of American public libraries offer their
patrons eBooks, most of them through Overdrive’s online service.
So what is the problem? The problem is content. There isn’t any.
Too few books are available in the eBook format. Too few of
those that are available are purchased by public libraries,
typically through statewide consortia that share a central
collection of eBooks among many libraries. And too few of the
purchased titles are available for checking out. The checkout
model itself is fatally flawed, where one purchased copy checks
out to one library patron at a time for two weeks, just like a
paper-based copy. Most titles in my state’s consortium have long
waiting lists and a recent check of 50 books I have on my “To
Read” list found exactly none of them available in my library’s
eBook catalog.
And finally, consider Amazon.com. If they are successful in
their current effort to get publishers to allow them to loan
eBooks through their Amazon Prime service, the single most
important motivation for supporting public libraries, at least
to middle-class readers like myself, will vanish overnight. I
will continue to vote for municipal taxes to support our public
library, because I understand the vital importance of public
libraries to a democracy. However, millions will not, and
libraries from coast to coast will begin closing their doors.
I do not believe I am being an alarmist. We are in a political
climate where public services are being privatized, downsized,
or eliminated at a rapid rate. And if libraries cannot begin to
serve their patrons’ eBook reading needs—and they don’t come
close to doing so today—and an Amazon or other commercial
endeavor steps in to fill that need, libraries are finished.
In my next posting, I will discuss how public libraries—and, for
that matter, traditional publishers (their existence also being
threatened by the internet)—can not only survive but flourish to
a greater extent that they ever have, in this brave new
eBook-dominated world.
[/quote]
#Post#: 4849--------------------------------------------------
Re: The End of Libraries
By: Mac Date: January 3, 2012, 2:12 pm
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[quote]The End of Libraries, Part II
Oct 22, 2011
The threat facing public libraries is real.1 It has not made
itself manifest as yet, because no commercial enterprise has
assembled the eBook lending package which is demanded by an
eReading public starved for content.
The threat facing traditional publishers on the other hand, is
here, today, and it is equally serious. Not only is Amazon
publishing authors directly themselves (122 titles are coming
out this fall alone2 and many, many more are planned for next
year), but authors are increasingly self-publishing on the
Internet and many nontraditional publishing entities besides
Amazon are springing up to help them.3,4
The authors whom publishers are likely to lose first are the
ones who are most secure in their earning power and therefore of
greatest value to them. J.K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter
books, for instance, will be selling the eBook versions of that
popular series exclusively on her own website,5 Pottermore.6
Public libraries and traditional publishers can save themselves
only if they act quickly and boldly. The following is what I
think they need to do, and the only alternative to this course
of action, as far as I can see, is a not-so-slow but an
ever-so-painful death.
Publishers: Convert every title, new and backlist, to eBook
formats that support every device out there. Give them all to a
nonprofit business entity, which we will here call AmPLE, for
American Public Library Enterprise. AmPLE will manage the eBook
distribution to public library patrons.
Public Libraries: Determine your eBook budget for the coming 12
months and send a check for it to AmPLE.
AmPLE: Get your site up superquick and start lending to your
libraries’ patrons. For every checkout, decrement the eBook
account of the borrower’s library by 50 cents, send 45 cents to
the publisher, and keep 5 cents for yourself. Patrons can check
out up to three titles at a time regardless of whether one or a
thousand other borrowers have borrowed them at the same time.
And no due date. When a reader wants another book, they will
return one.
Do the math. In today’s model, a publisher might sell—let’s be
liberal—2000 copies of a blockbuster new title to 50 state
library consortia (the standard arrangement today) for $20 each,
or $40,000. Period. End of transaction. The consortia then sets
about loaning these 2000 copies to their 330 million patrons,
2000 at a time for two-week checkouts. Ridiculous.
Or. Check out that same blockbuster, which the publisher has
provided to AmPLE free of charge, to—let’s be conservative—a
half a million readers on Day One, at 45 cents a checkout, or
$225,000—almost six times the amount the publisher would have
received on the old model, and that’s only on Day One. That one
title continues to earn money for the publisher throughout its
term of copyright—until 70 years after the death of the author.
The 50-cent “charge” for a checkout is a reasonable figure,
arrived at by dividing the average library’s annual budget for
new acquisitions by the average annual circulation7. This figure
ranges from 25 to 75 cents for most libraries.
Today, everybody loses, and this includes the authors. They need
the expert services of traditional publishers. They need the
nurturing, the editing, the production, and the management of
their work, freeing them to do the work itself. We readers need
traditional publishers, for their selectivity and the imprimatur
of quality which their selectivity exhibits.
And we all need public libraries, one of the last bastions of
egalitarian democracy in the U.S. Through public taxation,
public libraries provide us all with equal access to knowledge
and a wealth of information services which must not be relegated
to the sole province of the well-to-do. Study after study8
affirms the huge return to our society on investment in our
public libraries.
As eBooks gradually—or perhaps not so gradually—replace the
physical book, we need to ensure that our public libraries
provide these resources as widely, efficiently, and economically
as the technology allows. A system like the one described above
does just that. Under this system, public libraries will
flourish rather than fade, and everyone else wins as
well—authors, publishers, and readers.
[/quote]
#Post#: 4850--------------------------------------------------
Re: The End of Libraries
By: Mac Date: January 3, 2012, 2:12 pm
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[quote]The End of Libraries, Part III
Nov 06, 2011
It has begun. Last Wednesday, Amazon announced its new
book-lending add-on to its Amazon Prime service.1 What it offers
is fairly meager and the model, particularly in its remittance
to publishers, is, to my mind, seriously flawed:
1.
2.
U.S. publishers.
3.
not on other devices, even if they run the Kindle app.
4.
uses it for book lending, works out to $6.58 per loan. Many
Kindle titles can be purchased for that price or not much more.
5.
one of the parties is probably getting a crummy deal; or, if I
am reading the WSJ story correctly, Amazon is paying the
publisher for each loan the equivalent of what they would pay
them for a sale.
Regardless of these shortcomings, the door is open, and you may
be sure Master Bezos has firmly planted his foot in it.
Additional titles, supported eReaders, assorted features, and
(undoubtedly) pricing structures will follow as soon as
publishers realize how profitable it will be to loan their books
to millions of readers instead of selling them to thousands.
Meanwhile, librarians have already begun whistling in the
dark2,3, their arguments relying primarily on the weakness of
the initial Amazon product. Still, that product is already miles
ahead of what is being offered by most public libraries where,
if a title is even available to you in eBook format, you will
almost certainly have a long wait for it.
In the final analysis, readers want to read and writers want to
be read. Any institution which facilitates that relationship
will flourish; any that inhibits it will fade. At present,
Amazon is facilitating and libraries and publishers are
inhibiting the relationship. If the latter don’t get their act
together—and fast—they will render themselves redundant.
Publishers may come and go, but America will let its public
library network fade at its peril. This further blot on our
already tattered escutcheon is not one from which we will easily
recover, in our headlong pursuit of oligarchy, mediocrity, and
irrelevance.
[/quote]
#Post#: 4851--------------------------------------------------
Re: The End of Libraries
By: Mac Date: January 3, 2012, 2:13 pm
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[quote]The End of Libraries, Part IV
Nov 12, 2011
There is much wailing and gnashing of teeth on the Internet over
Amazon’s new Kindle Owner’s Lending Library. A Google search
will turn up many more instances than I could hope to footnote
here. Be sure to read the reader Comments on the news articles
for a full helping of the panic and despair sweeping the world,
particularly among writers.
I am not sure they have as much to worry about as they think
they do. However, Amazon has been less than forthcoming
regarding the details of their financial arrangements with
publishers and authors. Let’s look at what we know about those
arrangements so far.
In a Wall Street Journal article published the day after the
Lending Library was announced,1 the following was revealed
regarding the finances of the deal:
Russell Grandinetti, vice president for Kindle content, said
“the vast majority” of participating publishers were receiving a
flat fee for their titles, while a more limited group is being
paid the wholesale price for each title that is borrowed. “For
those publishers, we’re treating each book borrowed as a sale,”
he said.
Let’s look at these two remittance models, starting with the
flat fee arrangement which covers “the vast majority” of titles.
I at first thought a flat fee arrangement would have to favor
one party over another. However, an article from Bloomberg via
Gulfnews.com2 reports that Amazon’s flat fee payment for “a
group of books” is good only “over a period of time.” This being
the case, one assumes the parties would be able to renegotiate
terms after that period of time (whatever it may be) had
expired.
However, it is this arrangement which may deservedly cause
concern among writers regarding where their share is coming from
and how much it will be. Until more is known about the details
of this arrangement, I cannot come to any reliable conclusions.
If I were an author, however, and my book was included in the
Kindle library under this remittance model, I would be speaking
with my publisher by now, if not my lawyer.
I feel on firmer ground when examining the other arrangement,
wherein Amazon purchases a copy of a title when it loans it out.
On first glance, this struck me as a lunatic move, but upon
closer consideration I think it reveals Amazon to be crazy like
a fox.
If Amazon is buying a copy of a book at the same wholesale price
which they would pay to the publisher when and if a customer
bought the book through them, then they own that book just as a
public library does and I would grant them as much right to put
it into their “Lending Library” as any public library could. If
they then loan that copy to an Amazon Prime customer and another
customer wants it while the first one has it, Amazon will need
to buy a second copy of the book before lending it out to two
people simultaneously, in order not to be in violation of
copyright. I am assuming that is what they are doing.
If so, writers—and readers—should be ecstatic. Amazon,
overnight, has declared itself a SuperLibrary. Anyone with a $79
annual Prime membership can check out any of 5,000 titles. If a
thousand customers check out any one title under this
arrangement in the first month, a thousand copies of their book
will be sold to the Amazon Lending Library. Amazon then retains
those thousand copies to loan out to additional Prime members
who ask for it in the second month, at no additional cost to
Amazon.
With this model, everyone wins. The publisher sells as many
copies of a title as there are interested Prime customers in a
single month, with (I assume) standard royalties accruing to the
authors. The Prime customers don’t have to wait to check out a
desired title, which most of us have to do now in borrowing
through our public library.
You may be sure the one-a-month limitation on loaned titles
won’t last once everyone realizes how much money there is to be
made by opening the floodgates of digital book lending, though
subscribers will undoubtedly pay more for enhanced services.
If Amazon can pull off a real Netflix model for its Lending
Library, they will have me as a customer for life. That model,
however, must come close to including the following features:
•
•
•
•
read;
•
about what I pay for Netflix movies). I read about 65 books a
year and start, but don’t finish, another 15 or so. To borrow 80
titles a year, I am willing to pay $160, or roughly twice what
Amazon Prime costs now.
Publishers and public libraries still have time to forge an
alliance similar to the one laid out in Part II of this series.
And although I there recommend a lower rate in the public
library lending model, I am convinced the substantially higher
number of checkouts would more than make up the difference in
revenue generation.
With the announcement of the Kindle Owner’s Lending Library, the
clock is now ticking. If Amazon can pull this off, as I said in
Part I of this series, I will still vote to support my public
library. Millions of others, however, will not, and public
libraries will fade from our landscape as quickly as blacksmiths
in a world of horseless carriages.
And Amazon’s triumph will be a national tragedy.
[/quote]
#Post#: 4852--------------------------------------------------
Re: The End of Libraries
By: Mac Date: January 3, 2012, 2:14 pm
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[quote]The End of Libraries, Part V
Dec 08, 2011
Today, Amazon announced the KDP (Kindle Direct Publisher) Select
program, which enrolls independent authors and publishers in a
$6 million sweepstakes and, upon its announcement, immediately
added 129 books to the Kindle Owner’s Lending Library. I predict
thousands more will follow very soon.
From the press release:1
The monthly royalty payment for each KDP Select book is based on
that book’s share of the total number of borrows of all
participating KDP books in the Kindle Owners’ Lending Library.
For example, if total borrows of all participating KDP Select
books are 100,000 in December and an author’s book was borrowed
1,500 times, they will earn $7,500 in additional royalties from
KDP Select in December. Amazon expects the fund to be at least
$6 million for all of 2012, in addition to the $500,000
allocated for December 2011. Enrolled titles will remain
available for sale to any customer in the Kindle Store and
authors will continue to earn their regular royalties on those
sales.
So, for the first time in history (correct me if I’m wrong),
authors will regularly receive a royalty payment each time a
title of theirs is loaned, as well as each time it is sold.
Amazon’s payment strategy may seem eccentric. However, upon
closer examination, it reveals itself as a cautious move on
Amazon’s part, limiting their liability. As for what seems to be
a rather cruel provision—setting authors against each other in
the sweepstakes to win a big chunk of that $500,000 (a
month)—well it is really just a reflection of the real world,
where bestsellers earn more than literary novels—only in this
case the purse is not open-ended.
Amazon’s CEO Jeff Bezos knows something you—and traditional
publishers—probably don’t. eBooks are for lending, not selling.
Oh, plenty of people will still buy books, particularly the
print versions as long as they continue to be around. But the
real money will be in loaning eBooks to a vast, global audience.
And Bezos intends to dominate that business.
What author will fail to be lured by the sweet smell of the $6
million Bezos intends to put into the shared kitty in 2012—an
amount which Amazon promises to reconsider each month on the
evidence of the previous month’s activity.
Traditional publishers will feel enormous pressure from their
authors to join KDP Select and, if they refuse, they will lose
those authors to Amazon’s KDP program.
Can you say “disruptive technology”?2 Brother, you ain’t seen
nothin‘ yet.
Meanwhile, where does this leave public libraries? One step
closer to obsolescence, I fear. If they, and publishers, don’t
get together soon, and forge something like the AmPLE program we
outlined in Part II of this series,3 a tsunami of disruptions
will be heading their way.
With the Kindle Owner’s Lending Library, Jeff Bezos put his toe
in the water. With KDP Select, he is up to his ankle.
Much more is to come.
[/quote]
#Post#: 4853--------------------------------------------------
Re: The End of Libraries
By: Mac Date: January 3, 2012, 2:14 pm
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[quote]The End of Libraries, Part VI
Dec 15, 2011
On November 2, Amazon introduced the Kindle Owner’s Lending
Library (KOLL) for its Amazon Prime customers.1 It initially
offered 5,000 titles, most obtained from second-rank publishers
under contractual agreements and, under some other fairly hazy
arrangement, additional titles one copy of which Amazon
apparently agreed to purchase at wholesale for every Prime
customer that simultaneously borrowed it.
Then, on December 8, Amazon announced KDP Select, a program to
enroll self-published authors in KOLL, and, as I predicted, a
week later there were over 52,000 titles available for borrowing
in KOLL. I predict that number will again increase tenfold
within the next 60-90 days as traditional and first-rank
publishers cave in to the enormous pressure from their authors
and from the changing nature of the marketplace, and begin
listing their titles with Amazon’s KOLL.
Meanwhile, Amazon today claimed it has sold more than a million
Kindle devices (including the newest, the Kindle Fire) each week
for the past three weeks.2 Those devices are primarily intended
for one purpose—reading eBooks.
Amazon has been much more reticent about releasing the numbers
of its Prime customers, though I can tell you those numbers
increased today by at least one—me. And the book I immediately
borrowed, What Is It Like to Go to War, by Karl Marlantes, must
have been provided through that fairly hazy arrangement
described above. It is most definitely not self-published, and a
quick perusal of Amazon’s first five pages of titles from its
publisher, the Atlantic Monthly Press, revealed no other titles
that were included in KOLL.
Others have estimated Prime customers at around five million,
and that was early in 2011, before KOLL was more than a gleam in
Jeff Bezos’s eye.3 If that number was close to accurate almost a
year ago, I am probably safe in estimating the number has
doubled since then and especially since the introduction of
KOLL. Ten million members, all able to check out one book a
month, 52,000 books to choose from, and a $500,000 pot to split.
I hope after this first trial month Amazon will release some
figures relating to KOLL usage; however, whether they do or not,
I think things look pretty sunny for many of the authors of
those 52,000 books. Not that there isn’t a tremendous amount of
controversy around the issue, just now, appropriately enough,
among self-published authors.4 Much more is to come,
particularly as authors associated with traditional publishing
houses begin to understand the unprecedented advantage they are
missing out on: payment for books that are loaned as well as
those that are sold.
What does this mean for public libraries? I think I have made
that pretty clear already in the first five parts of this
series.5 More to come, as more develops.
[/quote]
#Post#: 4854--------------------------------------------------
Re: The End of Libraries
By: Mac Date: January 3, 2012, 2:15 pm
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[quote]An Open Letter to All Living Authors (VII):
I would like to address some of my favorite people today in
this, Part VII of The End of Libraries, and give you my take on
what is happening in the eBook lending world, a brave new world
that is as significant to the history of the printed page as the
invention of movable type.
I read 93 books in 2011—78 in their entirety and at least the
first 50 pages of 15 others. Midway through the year, while
attending a library conference, I won both a Kindle and an iPad
2! What luck, hey?
Knowing that my public library had eBooks to loan, and being a
borrower of books rather than a buyer (I can’t afford to buy 93
books a year!), I spent time and effort (too much!) learning the
Overdrive interface and checked out my first eBook, When the
Killing’s Done, by T.C. Boyle. The experience of reading that
book on my iPad made me a dedicated eBook reader. From then on,
I didn’t care if I ever held a “real” book in my hands again.
I quickly realized how fortunate I had been to find a Boyle at
my library. A subsequent search for something to check out
revealed nothing of interest. I maintain a list of books I want
to read; it is six pages long at the moment. I checked the first
50 titles on this list in my library’s eBook collection (which
it shares with 150 other libraries in my state) and found
exactly none of them in the catalog. And most of the titles that
were there had long waiting lists.
Desperate for eBook reading matter, and eager to see if the
Kindle experience was as great as the iPad, I broke down and
bought Desolation, by Yasmina Reza, one of the books on my
six-page list. Though for me the iPad reading experience is
superior to the Kindle (except in terms of weight), I would
still prefer a Kindle edition over hard copy.
There followed a month or two of a dry spell, during which I
continued to read books wastefully printed on processed dead
trees and badgered my state library consortium to spend more on
eBooks.
Eager to convert my wife to eBooks, I finally again broke down
and purchased for the iPad the enhanced version of Rin Tin Tin
by Susan Orlean. Its many pages of color photos and ten embedded
videos(!) gave me a taste of the delights coming our way as
eBooks mature and take on features we cannot even imagine today.
Then came the first rumblings of KOLL—Amazon’s Kindle Owner’s
Lending Library—and I began to write this series on The End of
Libraries. Once KOLL was announced, and since my company has an
Amazon Prime membership, I immediately borrowed my first “free”
book from the Lending Library, What It Is Like to Go to War, by
Karl Marlantes. Karl will get a piece of a $500,000 pot from
Amazon for that loan, as will all the other authors whose books
are loaned during December 2011, KOLL’s first month.
KOLL began with 5,000 titles and by the end of December it had
almost 70,000, the vast majority apparently coming from authors
in Amazon’s Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP) program, in which
authors can self-publish their books. In order to be part of
KOLL, KDP authors had to commit to a 90-day participation in the
lending program and agree to give Amazon exclusive sales rights
during that period to the books enrolled in KOLL. Obviously
thousands of you thought it was worth the commitment. Why? I
think it is because you have become aware of an exciting new
fact of literary life that also occurred to me while watching
the eBook world and writing this series over the past six weeks:
eBooks are for lending, and anyone who can come up with a scheme
to adequately compensate authors for those loans will have built
the better mousetrap, and the world will beat a path to their
door.
Amazon is on its way to doing that, all by itself. Monopolies
are inherently undesirable, and this one also threatens the
continued existence of a vital national resource: our public
library network.
You are going to make a lot more money lending AND selling your
books in the future than you make just selling them today. You
are going to pressure your publishers to get on board with eBook
lending and, if they drag their feet, you will do whatever you
need to do to find your way to this enhanced revenue generator.
As you do, I ask you to read the first six parts of this series
(and any future parts: follow us on Twitter for announcements),
consider the ill effects of monopoly and the end of public
libraries, and get on board with a movement to bring an adequate
eBook lending model to public libraries. I suggest one such
model—the American Public Library Enterprise, or AmPLE—in Part
II. Public libraries serve all 330 million Americans, not the
scant few million who may be Amazon Prime customers and eligible
for one KOLL checkout in each calendar month. The revenues you
stand to gain which today are sitting on the table are enormous,
and our public library network stands ready to bring them to
you.
How to proceed? Get together with your fellow writers. Get
talking. Don’t fret, the way your publisher is fretting (if you
have one). A reading renaissance is at hand, knocking on our
doors, ready to bring your works to the masses and masses of
money to you. Don’t let this take forever, and don’t let Amazon
kill libraries by bringing to a few of us what should belong to
the whole world.
[/quote]
#Post#: 4855--------------------------------------------------
Re: The End of Libraries
By: Chiprocks1 Date: January 3, 2012, 3:21 pm
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We have a local paper that did a huge essay about Libraries
closing throughout the US. I think it's a huge mistake on a
number of reasons to shut them down. I have no desire to start
reading e-books. There's a tangible feeling you can't replace an
actual book or magazine with the latest gadget. And then there's
the social aspect of heading down to the local Library and being
able to talk with other people who are just kicking back in the
lounge or book clubs to discuss the most recent reads or the
staff themselves. I've made a lot of friends and connections
just at the Library alone and that's priceless.
With all these internet outlets, it's going to create even more
fractured social and interpersonal relationships out there. If
that happens, it's gonna be a sad sad day in my world and I'm
guessing for a lot of other people as well.
#Post#: 4857--------------------------------------------------
Re: The End of Libraries
By: Mac Date: January 3, 2012, 3:40 pm
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While I have not fostered that kind of social interaction, I’m
sure it exists there. I’ve kept to myself, I guess being
selfish, and just used the library for media. Maybe I should be
more open to those things. I tend to agree with electronic vs.
holding a book, but I’ve discovered over time, technology help
form change. Look at music. I loved vinyl albums. That whole
experience was cool. But I think I’m slowly adapting to the
digital age. Hell, even CD’s are going away for me.
My library is very busy all the time. Those people are like me
and enjoy the experience, but like the article is saying, far
more people don’t care about libraries or books and that support
will dwindle.
But this series of articles highlighted the idea that the
library building going away, much like the CD store. I hate that
and hate to think that one thing I do several times a week has
the possibility of disappearing… suddenly. At least this guy is
trying to keep it alive or at the very least the libraries
wealth of available options open to people.
#Post#: 4859--------------------------------------------------
Re: The End of Libraries
By: Chiprocks1 Date: January 3, 2012, 3:46 pm
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Well, I hope you're prepared for when everything technological
collapse in the future and all of these gadgets stop working.
Then what? All the libraries and books will be long gone. I've
already scoped out a few cave walls to start writing on and
drawing on. And yes, one of the cave walls is geared
specifically to my forum posting.
You can find me at Penny Cave when that happens. Suck on that!
[IMG]
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