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       #Post#: 42--------------------------------------------------
       Feb.2020
   DIR By: gsgs
       Date: February 2, 2020, 6:35 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Fauci, 2020/02/01, NY-Times
       “It’s very, very transmissible, and it almost certainly is going
       to be a pandemic,”
       “But will it be catastrophic? I don’t know.”
       In the early days of the 2009 flu pandemic, “they were talking
       about Armageddon in Mexico,”
       But it turned out to not be that severe.”
       Still, asymptomatic carriers “are not normally major drivers of
       epidemics,”
       ------------------------------------------------------------------------
       2020/02/01, Dr.Thomas Frieden ,former CDC director
       It is “increasingly unlikely that the virus can be contained,"
       “It is therefore likely that it will spread, as flu and other
       organisms do, but we still
       don’t know how far, wide or deadly it will be.”
       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       2020/02/01  Dr.Peter Piot ,London school of Hygiene and Tropical
       Medicine
       “This looks far more like H1N1’s spread than SARS, and I am
       increasingly alarmed,”
       “Even 1 percent mortality would mean 10,000 deaths in each
       million people.”
       ----------------------------------------------------------
       2020/02/01 , Dr. W. Ian Lipkin, Columbia Univ.
       although the virus is clearly being transmitted through casual
       contact, labs are still
       behind in processing samples.
       But life in China has radically changed in the last two weeks.
       Streets are deserted, public
       events are canceled, and citizens are wearing masks and washing
       their hands,
       All of that may have slowed down what lab testing indicated was
       exponential growth
       in the infection.
       I know of one lab running 5,000 samples a day, which might
       produce some false-positive results,
       inflating the count. “You can’t possibly do quality control at
       that rate,”
       -----------------------------------------------
       2020/02/01 , Schaffner
       At the moment, it seems unlikely that the virus will spread
       widely in countries with vigorous,
       alert public health systems,
       “Every doctor in the U.S. has this top of mind,” Any patient
       with fever or respiratory problems
       will get two questions. ‘Have you been to China? Have you had
       contact with anyone who has?’
       If the answer is yes, they’ll be put in isolation right away.”
       “In God we trust,” Dr. Schaffner said. “All others must provide
       data.”
       ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       2012/02/01 , Dr.Mike Ryan, WHO
       There is still reason to believe the growing coronavirus
       outbreak in China can be contained,
       some evidence that the disease may not be spreading as rapidly
       as is feared.
       [downplayed reports that people infected with the virus may be
       contagious before
       they show symptoms]
       “Until [containment] is impossible, we should keep trying,”
       The gargantuan efforts China is making to try to halt the spread
       of the virus is buying the
       rest of the world “precious lead time” to prepare for the
       possibility they might have to cope
       with it as well, We need to thank China for that opportunity.”
       “That is not to say that the disease won’t get ahead of the
       Chinese authorities completely
       or get ahead of the other countries that are containing it,” But
       there’s enough evidence to
       suggest that this virus can still be contained.”
       For instance, data from some studies in China looking at how
       much transmission occurs
       when the virus gets introduced into a household suggests the
       secondary attack rate —
       the number of people the first case infects — isn’t that high.
       “But that’s obviously a few
       studies across a very large event,”
       There haven’t been many reports of health worker infections, a
       feature that fueled the
       earlier outbreaks of SARS and MERS,
       Likewise, there has not been a lot of spread from cases
       discovered in other countries
       in tourists from China or people returning from China.
       the problem isn’t testing reagents — the country has indicated
       it has adequate supplies —
       but the sheer number of tests that need to be run.
       So there are clear indications obviously that the disease
       numbers are growing.
       But there is also some contradictory evidence as well that
       doesn’t completely align with
       the kinds of R0s that are being estimated,”
       (what circumstances would lead the WHO to declare this event a
       pandemic )-That kind of discussion, would be a distraction.
       “If that becomes the discussion, then we’re all going to lose
       focus,”
       We have to remain laser-focused on containment and slowing down
       the spread of disease.”
       “Almost all of the mortality is in the over 40s,” and a strong
       preponderance of males.”
       the data the WHO are seeing suggests some people who have been
       publicly labeled “
       asymptomatic” were actually already experiencing some symptoms.
       “We still believe, looking at the data, that the force of
       infection here, the major driver,
       is people who are symptomatic, unwell, and transmitting to
       others along the
       human-to-human route,” That is the pressure wave.”
       surprised by the speed with which the outbreak has taken off.
       For me it’s been unusual to see a new disease emerge and, on the
       face of it,
       move so quickly,”  If the scientists studying the genetic
       sequences of the viruses are right
       and the outbreak began sometime in late November or early
       December, “then this is a very
       rapid emergence and very rapid infection of a lot of people.”
       -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       ------------------------------------------------------------------
       Feb-07, Beverley Paterson,  Australian epidemiologist who works
       with governments to
       prepare for pandemics.
       The answer to whether a pandemic will happen, unfortunately, is
       probably “yes.”
       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Feb-07 , Lawrence Gostin, a public health law professor at
       Georgetown University.
       Travel bans and quarantines are a centuries-old answer to the
       spread of disease.
       They’re also exactly what the World Health Organization asked
       everyone not to do.
       The same WHO committee that recommended calling the virus a
       Public Health
       Emergency of International Concern explicitly said the measures
       to stop it should
       include treatment, tracing of contacts, and social distancing,
       but not “any travel or
       trade restriction.” That’s because almost no one in the game
       thinks that works.
       “The travel ban on foreign nationals is counterproductive,
       unethical, and violates
       international law. There’s little evidence that a person who’s
       been to mainland China
       but not in the hot zone would be exposed to the virus, and there
       are far less restrictive
       measures we could use,” . “I think it’s a huge overreach, and I
       worry that the White
       House is lurching from complacency to panic and overreaction.”
       ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Feb-07 , Jennifer Nuzzo, an epidemiologist at the Johns Hopkins
       Center for Health Security
       Travel bans and quarantines haven’t worked to contain other
       recent outbreaks. “I don’t think
       we’ve seen compelling evidence that travel bans work at all, and
       they’re less likely to work
       for respiratory viruses like this, because they move too
       quickly,”
       -----------------------------------------------------------------
       One 2011 study by a team of modelers in Europe and the US said
       that H1N1 travel bans
       reduced air travel to and from Mexico by 40 percent—with huge
       economic consequences—
       but didn’t slow the disease’s spread at all. A 2014 British
       meta-analysis of 23 different
       studies of the effect of travel restrictions on influenza
       outbreaks concluded that they
       slowed disease spread by no more than 3 percent—less if the
       restrictions came late
       in the outbreak, and less in big cities. And an international
       team looking at the travel
       restrictions that came with the 2014 West African Ebola outbreak
       found much the
       same thing: They delayed the disease’s spread to other countries
       only by weeks, if at all.
  HTML https://www.scielosp.org/pdf/bwho/2014.v92n12/868-880D/en
       ------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Feb-07 ,
  HTML https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6478/610
       Feb-07 ,  Robin Thompson, a mathematical epidemiologist at the
       University of Oxford.
       “There has obviously been a huge amount of spread within China,
       but [elsewhere], there's no
       evidence of any kind of substantial human-to-human
       transmission,” “The risk probably isn't
       as high as some models have been projecting.”
       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Feb-07 , Epidemiologist Marion Koopmans of Erasmus Medical
       Center
       it may not be that hard to contain the virus in a new locale as
       long as the first cases are detected and isolated early—provided
       the virus is not highly transmissible. “We don't see it taking
       off in the 200 or so cases seeded outside of China,”  If that
       pattern holds, “there still is the possibility it will bend
       off.”
       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Feb-07 ,  Joseph Wu, a modeler at the University of Hong Kong.
       [goes down in summer] “That is a big question mark we're trying
       to assess at the moment
       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Feb-07 , Alessandro Vespignani, a modeler of infectious diseases
       at Northeastern University.
       2019-nCoV “will be very difficult to stop in China,”  But if
       asymptomatic transmission is rare,
       “isolation and social distancing can have a big impact.”
       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Feb-07 , Aavitsland
       “As the virus continues to spread in China, the risk of
       exportation to other countries
       grows and sooner or later we will see it spread in another
       country,”
       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Feb.07 , Lipsitch
       so far there has been no sustained transmission outside of
       China, but I expect that to change:
       “I would be really shocked if in 2 or 3 weeks there wasn't
       ongoing transmission with hundreds
       of cases in several countries on several continents.”
       [mild cases]  “So what looks like a horrific disease may be the
       horrific tip of a very large iceberg,”
       ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       If indeed 2019-nCoV becomes pandemic, humanity may be stuck with
       it indefinitely.
       ----------------------------------------------------------------------
       Feb.09 , Adam Kucharski, an associate professor of infectious
       disease epidemiology,
       Assuming current trends continue, we’re still projecting a
       mid-to-late-February peak”
       of virus cases in Wuhan,  5% infected by then
       -------------------------------------------------
       Feb.10 , Professor Peter Piot, director of the London School of
       Hygiene & Tropical Medicine,
       the outbreak is more likely to become a pandemic, with the
       increased and fast rate of infection.
       ----------------------------------------------------
       Feb.10 , UK Department for Health and Social Care , The
       secretary of state
       declares that the incidence or transmission of novel
       Coronavirus constitutes a serious and imminent threat to public
       health, and the
       measures outlined in these regulations are considered as an
       effective means of
       delaying or preventing further transmission of the virus.
       --------------------------------------------------------
       2020/02/11 , Prof Gabriel Leung, chair of public health medicine
       at Hong Kong Univ
       Outbreak Could Infect “Between 60%-80%” Of Humanity, Causing 51
       Million Deaths
       -----------------------------------------------
       2020/02/10  WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
       we might be seeing only ‘the tip of the iceberg’ in terms of
       number of cases
       ------------------------------------------------
       2020/02/11 , Tedros, WHO
       weltweit „ernste Bedrohung“. Trotz der hauptsächlichen
       Eingrenzung auf China
       stelle das Virus eine „sehr ernster Bedrohung für den Rest der
       Welt dar“,
       Das zweitägige Treffen soll zur Eindämmung der Krankheit
       beitragen.
       -------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Der chinesische Ministerpräsident Li Keqiang hat am
       Sonntagabend mit seiner
       deutschen Amtskollegin Angela Merkel telefoniert und sich dabei
       mit über die
       Vorbeugung und Kontrolle der Epidemie durch das Coronavirus
       2019-nCoV ausgetauscht.
       -------------------------------------------------------------------------
       6:30 pm: China’s top virus expert reportedly says outbreak may
       peak this month
       China’s fast-spreading coronavirus may peak in February, before
       cases then start
       to plateau and ease over the coming months, Beijing’s top
       economic adviser told
       Reuters on Tuesday.
       Zhong Nanshan, a leading epidemiologist who become known around
       the world for
       his role tackling the SARS epidemic in 2003, said the situation
       in China was already
       showing signs of improving, pointing to the number of new cases
       falling overnight.
       He added that he believes the outbreak would peak either by the
       middle or the end
       of February before the number of cases would then start to fall.
       Zhong had previously predicted an earlier peak for the
       coronavirus, Reuters reported.
       ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Feb.11 , Xi,
       Die Maßnahmen zur Prävention und Eindämmung würden positive
       Ergebnisse zeigen,
       Sein Land werde den Kampf gegen das Virus gewinnen. Danach werde
       die Volksrepublik
       besser dastehen al zuvor, die Regierung werde an den geplanten
       wirtschaftlichen
       und sozialen Zielen festhalten.
       -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Feb.11 , Tedros, WHO
       Wir sollten als ein Menschengeschlecht hart daran arbeiten,
       dieses Feuer zu bekämpfen,
       bevor es außer Kontrolle gerät“
       ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       2020/02/12 , Mike Coston avianfludiary.com
       seems increasingly likely that COVID-19 will spread globally,
       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Feb.10 , Donald Trump, President USA
       The heat, generally speaking, kills this kind of virus,”“A lot
       of people think that goes
       away in April as the heat comes in.“in theory when it gets a
       little warmer it
       miraculously goes away.”
       Feb.07,Trump
       I had just spoken on the phone with President Xi Jinping of
       China.
       “Nothing is easy,  but Xi will be successful, especially as the
       weather starts to
       warm & the virus hopefully becomes weaker, and then gone.”
       ------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Feb.11 , Messonier , CDC
       Warm Weather May Not Slow Outbreak
       The theory that the coronavirus will slow down when warm weather
       sets in is mostly based
       on the fact that other respiratory viruses such as influenza
       exhibit seasonal patterns,
       not specific data about this new virus.
       CDC is optimistic that lower case counts coming from China in
       the last few days mean
       that the country’s quarantine is working, but that it’s “too
       soon to say that for sure,”
       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Feb.12 , Dr. Robert Redfield , director CDC
       We’re still going to see new cases. We’re probably going to see
       human-to-human transmission
       within the United States,”
       at some point in time it is highly probable that we’ll have to
       transition to mitigation”
       as a public health strategy, using “social distancing measures”
       — for example, closure
       of certain public facilities — and other techniques to try to
       limit the number of people who
       become infected.
       “We’re not going to be able to seal this virus from coming into
       this country,” .
       But, “we do gain time by prolonging the containment phase as
       long as we can,
       provided that we still believe that’s a useful public health
       effort.
       “That’s where we are right now in the United States.”
       If the United States begins to see instances in several parts of
       the country in which a
       single case ignites four “generations” of human-to-human
       infection,
       then the CDC is likely to conclude containment of the virus has
       failed.
       “Once we get greater than three — so four or more is our view —
       [generations of]
       human-to-human transmission in the community … and we see that
       in multiple areas of the
       country that are not contiguous, then basically the value of all
       of the containment strategies
       that we’ve done now then really become not effective,” he said.
       “That’s when we’re in full mitigation.”
       China, which has reported more than 45,000 cases to date, has
       not been able to contain
       the virus, despite massively restricting internal travel to try
       to stop it from spreading from
       Hubei province
       “Those countries that are still largely seeing cases that are
       really, like us, directly from Hubei province, there’s reason to
       still stay in the containment mode rather than turning that off
       and going right to mitigation. Because once you’re into
       mitigation, you will probably start to see more cases that may
       have been able to be contained,
       ----------------------------------------------------------------
       Feb.12 , Messonier
       This really isn’t a ‘let’s stop it and then we’re done.’ It’s a
       ‘if we can pause it a little bit, we buy ourselves some time to
       work on the rest of our pandemic planning,’
       ----------------------------------------------------------
       2020/02/12 , Ferguson
       With the numbers of people infected with coronavirus increasing,
       Professor Neil Ferguson -
       feels we’re in the “early phases of a global pandemic”
       -----------------------------------------------------------
       2020/02/11 , Lipsitch
       Far more worrisome than Wall Street getting it wrong is that
       DonaldTrump
       has been saying it will go away naturally in spring.
       -------------------------------------------------------------
  HTML https://twitter.com/mlipsitch
       Krammer
  HTML https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.09.20021261v1.full.pdf
       The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019
       novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak
       the travel quarantine delays the overall epidemic progression by
       only 3 to 5 days.
       Modeling results also indicate that sustained 90% travel
       restric-
       tions to and from Mainland China only modestly affect the
       epidemic trajectory unless
       combined with a 50% or higher reduction of transmission in the
       community.
       ----------------------------------------------
       Steven Riley, a professor of infectious-disease dynamics at
       Imperial College,
       “Where we’ll look next is Hong Kong and Singapore,” Dr. Riley
       said. “We may see a growth phase there next,” although, he
       added, researchers haven’t yet seen exponential growth outside
       of mainland China.
       “I think it is likely we’ll see a global pandemic,” said Marc
       Lipsitch, a professor of epidemiology at Harvard T.H. Chan
       School of Public Health. “If a pandemic happens, 40% to 70% of
       people world-wide are likely to be infected in the coming year.
       What proportion of those will be symptomatic, I can’t give a
       good number.”
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