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       #Post#: 8--------------------------------------------------
       The dilemma of the intelligentsia Rather than
   DIR By: jebin khatun
       Date: August 29, 2023, 5:37 am
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       Not because the apprentice now fully masters the issue (or not
       at all). That is no longer the key question. The reason is
       simply that there are no apprentices anymore because they no
       longer want to be accepted into the guild or get its
       recognition.  a comprehensive analysis of how Russia's
       historical experiences relate to those of 'Europe', I would
       rather like to present two theoretical approaches that can help
       orient oneself in this highly controversial terrain. First is
       the theory of the cultural divide between West and East put
       forward by the late Martin Malia.
       Malia questions the existence of a clear line dividing "West"
       from "East". Instead, he assumes that there is a smoother
       gradation that can be experienced by those traversing the
       essentially unified Eurasian continent in an easterly direction.
       The second theory, developed by Maria Todorova , establishes a
       «relative synchronicity within the framework of a longue durée
       development(Long duration)". By situating various Telegram
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       European nationalisms in a unified
       structure of modernity, Todorova avoids the discourse of
       "backwardness" and defines the "East"—Eastern Europe, the
       Balkans, and Russia—as part of a common European space.1. Both
       theories stress the fundamentally European character of Russia
       and neither disputes the country's peripheral position.
       [img]
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       Russia's relative subalternity with respect to Europe seems
       inevitable simply because it has never generated its own vision
       of modernity, but rather has adopted a European vision. From
       this arose a persistent dilemma that Russian intellectuals – the
       so-called intelligentsia – have suffered for the last 200 years.
       According to the American historian Alan Pollard , "the elements
       that made up his consciousness were mostly Western products. So
       precisely those qualities of the intelligentsiathat gave them
       the ability to understand – that is, what constitutes their
       essence – distanced this group from the reality of life in the
       country, which they precisely had to portray»2. Furthermore, to
       acknowledge that Russia's modern intellectual tradition is an
       imitation and that the country is culturally dependent on Europe
       runs counter to the idea of ​​Russian greatness. In
       the imagination of the country's ruling elites, throughout its
       history, Russia has primarily formed an alternative power center
       pursuing a global and universal "project," like the Romanov
       Orthodox Empire or the Soviet Empire.
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