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#Post#: 302--------------------------------------------------
Immunity 5 KN
By: riskzal Date: January 17, 2011, 9:47 pm
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Sila sertakan nama dan link-link terlibat di post ini.
contoh : Ahmad Rizal
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HTML http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity
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#Post#: 303--------------------------------------------------
Re: Immunity 5 KN
By: syednaufal 5kn Date: January 17, 2011, 9:49 pm
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Immunity is a biological term that describes a state of having
sufficient biological defenses to avoid infection, disease, or
other unwanted biological invasion. Immunity involves both
specific and non-specific components. The non-specific
components act either as barriers or as eliminators of wide
range of pathogens irrespective of antigenic specificity. Other
components of the immune system adapt themselves to each new
disease encountered and are able to generate pathogen-specific
immunity.
Innate immunity, or nonspecific, immunity is the natural
resistance with which a person is born. It provides resistance
through several physical, chemical, and cellular approaches.
Microbes first encounter the epithelial layers, physical
barriers that line our skin and mucous membranes. Subsequent
general defenses include secreted chemical signals (cytokines),
antimicrobial substances, fever, and phagocytic activity
associated with the inflammatory response. The phagocytes
express cell surface receptors that can bind and respond to
common molecular patterns expressed on the surface of invading
microbes. Through these approaches, innate immunity can prevent
the colonization, entry, and spread of microbes.
Adaptive immunity is often sub-divided into two major types
depending on how the immunity was introduced. Naturally acquired
immunity occurs through contact with a disease causing agent,
when the contact was not deliberate, whereas artificially
acquired immunity develops only through deliberate actions such
as vaccination. Both naturally and artificially acquired
immunity can be further subdivided depending on whether immunity
is induced in the host or passively transferred from a immune
host. Passive immunity is acquired through transfer of
antibodies or activated T-cells from an immune host, and is
short lived -- usually lasting only a few months -- whereas
active immunity is induced in the host itself by antigen, and
lasts much longer, sometimes life-long. The diagram below
summarizes these divisions of immunity.
#Post#: 306--------------------------------------------------
Re: Immunity 5 KN
By: naimhamzi 5kn Date: January 17, 2011, 9:53 pm
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Immunity is a biological term that describes a state of having
sufficient biological defenses to avoid infection, disease, or
other unwanted biological invasion. Immunity involves both
specific and non-specific components. The non-specific
components act either as barriers or as eliminators of wide
range of pathogens irrespective of antigenic specificity. Other
components of the immune system adapt themselves to each new
disease encountered and are able to generate pathogen-specific
immunity.
#Post#: 307--------------------------------------------------
Re: Immunity 5 KN
By: amirul 4kn Date: January 17, 2011, 9:55 pm
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HTML http://www.cell.com/immunity
HTML http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/antigens2000.htm
HTML http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-active-immunity.htm
HTML http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Passive_Immunity.html
HTML http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination
HTML http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiserum
HTML http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody
#Post#: 308--------------------------------------------------
Re: Immunity 5 KN
By: hafizhamid Date: January 17, 2011, 9:58 pm
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Infectious diseases, also known as communicable diseases, or
transmissible diseases are usually a clinically evident illness
(i.e., produces medical signs and/or symptoms) that results from
the transmission and presence of pathogenic biological agents.
In certain cases, infectious diseases may be asymtomatic for
much or all of their course. Infectious pathogens include some
viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and
aberrant proteins known as prions. These pathogens are the cause
of disease epidemics, in the sense that without the pathogen, no
infectious epidemic occurs.
Transmission of an infectious disease can occur in one or more
ways including physical contact, contaminated food, body fluids,
objects, airborne inhalation, or through vector organisms.[1]
Transmissible diseases which occur through contact with an ill
person or their secretions, or objects touched by them, are
especially infective, and are sometimes referred to as
contagious diseases. Infectious (communicable) diseases which
usually require a more specialized route of infection, such as
vector transmission, blood or needle transmission, or sexual
transmission, are usually not regarded as contagious, and thus
are not as amenable to medical quarantine of victims.
The term infectivity describes the ability of an organism to
enter, survive and multiply in the host, while the
infectiousness of a disease indicates the comparative ease with
which the disease is transmitted to other hosts.[2] An infection
however, is not synonymous with an infectious disease, as an
infection may not cause illness (severe symptoms) or impair
normal function of the host organism.[1]
#Post#: 309--------------------------------------------------
Re: Immunity 5 KN
By: rahimi 4KN Date: January 17, 2011, 9:58 pm
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HTML http://www.cell.com/immunity
HTML http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/antigens2000.htm
HTML http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-active-immunity.htm
HTML http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Passive_Immunity.html
HTML http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination
HTML http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiserum
HTML http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody
#Post#: 310--------------------------------------------------
Re: Immunity 5 KN
By: naem5kn Date: January 17, 2011, 10:00 pm
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HTML http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_%28medical%29
NAEM
NAIM
FAHAMI
#Post#: 316--------------------------------------------------
Re: Immunity 5 KN
By: zHaf 4kn Date: January 21, 2011, 11:39 pm
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HTML http://www.cell.com/immunity
HTML http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/antigens2000.htm
HTML http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-active-immunity.htm
HTML http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Passive_Immunity.html
HTML http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination
HTML http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiserum
HTML http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody
;D ??? ;D
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