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       #Post#: 871--------------------------------------------------
       (Abst.) Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis in patient on
       teriflunomide for MS
   DIR By: agate
       Date: July 22, 2015, 8:13 pm
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       From Multiple Sclerosis Journal, July 22, 2015:
       --- Quote ---
       > Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis in a patient on teriflunomide
       treatment for relapsing multiple sclerosis
       >
       > Gaspard Gerschenfeld
       > Service de Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique –
       Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor – Albert Chenevier,
       Créteil, France
       >
       > Amandine Servy
       > Service de Dermatologie et Centre de Référence des dermatoses
       bulleuses immunologiques et toxiques, Assistance Publique –
       Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor – Albert Chenevier,
       Créteil, France
       >
       > Laurence Valeyrie-Allanore
       > Service de Dermatologie et Centre de Référence des dermatoses
       bulleuses immunologiques et toxiques, Assistance Publique –
       Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor – Albert Chenevier,
       Créteil, France
       >
       > Nicolas de Prost
       > Service de Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique –
       Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor – Albert Chenevier,
       Créteil, France/Université Paris est Créteil, Faculté de
       Médecine de Créteil, Groupe de Recherche Clinique CARMAS,
       Créteil, France
       >
       > Jérôme Cecchini
       > Service de Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique –
       Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor – Albert Chenevier,
       Créteil, France/Université Paris est Créteil, Faculté de
       Médecine de Créteil, Groupe de Recherche Clinique CARMAS,
       Créteil, France
       > Service de Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique –
       Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor – Albert Chenevier, 51,
       Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil Cedex,
       France. jerome.cecchini@hmn.aphp.fr
       >
       >
       > We report a case of toxic epidermal necrolysis in a
       46-year-old woman on teriflunomide treatment. Such a severe
       adverse cutaneous drug reaction with this new therapy for
       relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis should be early recognized
       in order to ensure the rapid withdrawal of the drug.
       --- End Quote ---
       The abstract can be seen here
  HTML http://msj.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/07/10/1352458515596601?papetoc.
       #Post#: 872--------------------------------------------------
       Re: (Abst.) Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis in patient on
       teriflunomide for MS
   DIR By: agate
       Date: July 24, 2015, 12:31 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       I've been trying to find out  more about this but so far haven't
       had any further information.
       The Aubagio Website does have a .pdf file called "A Guide to the
       Accelerated Elimination Procedure for Aubagio" which includes
       this statement:
       --- Quote ---
       > Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis have
       been reported rarely in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving
       leflunomide, with a similar risk expected for teriflunomide;
       therefore, stop treatment and use accelerated elimination if a
       severe skin reaction develops.
       --- End Quote ---
       The accelerated elimination procedure involves 11 days of
       cholestyramine and activated charcoal. Aubagio usually takes up
       to 2 years to be eliminated from the body but with the
       accelerated elimination procedure eliminating it takes 11 days.
  HTML http://www.aubagio.com/media/pdf/Guide_to_Accelerated_Elimination_Procedure_for_AUBAGIO(R)(teriflunomide).pdf
  HTML http://www.aubagio.com/media/pdf/Guide_to_Accelerated_Elimination_Procedure_for_AUBAGIO(R)(teriflunomide).pdf
       #Post#: 874--------------------------------------------------
       Re: (Abst.) Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis in patient on
       teriflunomide for MS
   DIR By: agate
       Date: July 25, 2015, 1:16 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       I came across these revised guidelines for Aubagio by the
       Department of Veterans Affairs--they were revised in June 2015:
  HTML http://www.pbm.va.gov/PBM/clinicalguidance/criteriaforuse/Teriflunomide_Criteria_for_Use_Rev_June_2015.pdf
  HTML http://www.pbm.va.gov/PBM/clinicalguidance/criteriaforuse/Teriflunomide_Criteria_for_Use_Rev_June_2015.pdf
       #Post#: 908--------------------------------------------------
       Re: (Abst.) Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis in patient on
       teriflunomide for MS
   DIR By: agate
       Date: August 21, 2015, 7:30 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       This is the text of the article by Gerschenfeld et al. in
       Multiple Sclerosis Journal (July 2015), with illustrations and
       references omitted:
       --- Quote ---
       > Teriflunomide is a new disease-modifying therapy for
       > relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS) which
       > has been shown to reduce relapse rate and disability
       > progression. Until now, no lethal adverse event had
       > been reported. We herein report the first case of a fatal
       > toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in a patient on teriflunomide
       > treatment.
       >
       > A 46-year-old Caucasian woman was admitted to our
       > intensive care unit (ICU) for TEN. Her medical history
       > included a RMS diagnosed in 2005, with an
       > Expanded Disability Status Scale of one and two sensitive
       > relapses per year. Previous treatments, including
       > β-1a interferon and dimethyl-fumarate, had been
       > suspended for poor tolerance (flu-like symptoms and
       > rash). Teriflunomide was initiated as an alternative
       > treatment. No other medication was reported except
       > for occasional self-medication with paracetamol and
       > ibuprofen with good tolerance. At day 19 of drug
       > onset, she had transitory flu-like symptoms with complete
       > healing in five days with paracetamol. Fever and
       > asthenia appeared on day 28. Teriflunomide was discontinued.
       > The following day, she presented with
       > catarrh, vulvar pruritus, odynophagia and an erythematous
       > macular eruption of the face and upper trunk.
       > She was hospitalized on day 30 and developed acute
       > respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.
       > TEN was suspected and she was referred to our ICU
       > on day 34. Upon admission, clinical features included
       > diffuse erythema, confluent flaccid blisters with positive
       > Nikolsky’s sign, 95% of detached-detachable
       > skin leading to extensive areas of de[bride]d skin
       > and erosions of all mucosae. The TENspecific
       > severity-of-illness score was 5 (predictive
       > mortality of 83%). Fibre-optic bronchoscopy showed
       > mucosal detachment of the trachea and the bronchial
       > tree. Microbiologic (human immunodeficiency virus
       > serology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae serology and polymerase
       > chain reaction, blood and urine cultures) and
       > auto-immunity tests were negative. Skin biopsy
       > revealed bullous disjunction at the dermo-epidermal
       > junction, non-specific C3 granular deposit
       > on immunostaining and epidermal necrosis, ruling out
       > alternative causes and confirming the diagnosis of
       > TEN. Supportive skin cares were performed.
       > Ciclosporin (1.5 mg/kg per 12h) was introduced.
       >
       > Teriflunomide was the only causative drug retained
       > according to an algorithm of drug causality for TEN
       > based on the following criteria: time latency between
       > beginning of drug and index-day, drug present in the
       > body before index-day, information on prechallenge/
       > rechallenge and dechallenge, notoriety of the drug,
       > and alternative causes. Its clearance was accelerated
       > with daily enteral administration of cholestyramine
       > (24g). Plasma concentrations decreased from 11.3 to
       > 3.0 μg/ml in four days, corresponding to a theoretical
       > 2.1-day half-life. Still, the patient’s clinical condition
       > worsened with no cutaneous healing and multiple
       > organ dysfunctions, leading to death on day 39.
       >
       > TEN is a rare mucocutaneous disease, most frequently
       > caused by medications. Death often follows infections
       > complications or hydroelectrolytic disorders. Although
       > leflunomide has been previously associated with TEN,
       > this case is, to the best of our knowledge, the first
       > reported with its active metabolite, teriflunomide.
       > Whether predisposing conditions, such as peculiar
       > HLA type, may be involved in the occurrence of TEN
       > associated with leflunomide or teriflunomide is
       > unknown. Teriflunomide is a non-dialysable biliary excreted
       > drug with an intestinal reabsorption cycle
       > accounting for a long 19-day half-life. Early drug
       > withdrawal of the causative drug is a key aspect of the
       > early management of TEN patients. However, in this
       > case, the long half-life of teriflunomide, albeit accelerated
       > by a washout procedure, was associated with a
       > fatal outcome. Patients under teriflunomide should be
       > carefully monitored during the first weeks following
       > treatment initiation. When TEN is suspected, teriflunomide
       > should be stopped and cholestyramine administration
       > considered in order to accelerate its biliary
       > clearance.
       >
       > Acknowledgements
       >
       > We thank doctors Anne Hulin and Raymond
       > Karkouche for their respective help in performing
       > teriflunomide plasma concentrations and histologic
       > examination of skin biopsy.
       >
       > Conflict of interest
       >
       > The authors declare that there is no conflict of
       > interest.
       >
       --- End Quote ---
       #Post#: 969--------------------------------------------------
       Re: (Abst.) Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis in patient on
       teriflunomide for MS
   DIR By: agate
       Date: October 12, 2015, 4:37 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Presented at the ECTRIMS conference in Barcelona (October 7-10,
       2015):
       --- Quote ---
       > Teriflunomide-induced fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis in a
       patient with multiple sclerosis
       >
       > F. Derouiche, SCF Avicenne, Mulhouse, France
       >
       > Abstract: EP1339
       >
       >
       > Abstract Category: Risk management for disease modifying
       treatments
       >
       > Introduction:
       >
       > Teriflunomide is an immunomodulating agent with proven
       efficacy in multiple sclerosis. Although its overall safety is
       good. We report a case of a fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis
       with Teriflunomide.
       >
       > Case report:
       >
       > This 46-year-old woman had multiple sclerosis, diagnosed in
       2005. She was treated successively with subcutaneous Interferon
       beta 1a from 04/2009 to 05/2011, Intramuscular Interferon 1a,
       from 03/2013 to 09/2013 and Diméthyl Fumarate from 05/2013 to
       11/2014. All these treatments were stopped because of adverse
       events. Teriflunomide was started in 01/2015.
       >
       > Two weeks later, the patient developed febrile maculopapular
       rash that rapidly spread to the whole of the integument with
       ulceration of the oral, ocular, nasal and vag`inal mucosa.
       Despite discontinuing Teriflunomide, initiation of the wash out
       procedure and her admission in the Intensive care unit, she died
       after a week following an acute respiratory distress syndrome
       and a multi organ failure.
       >
       > Discussion:
       >
       > The main adverse effects of Teriflunomide consist of diarrhea,
       nausea, liver enzyme elevation, hypertension, alopecia, and
       allergic skin reactions. A few cases of toxic epidermal
       necrolysis have been reported with Leflunomide but never
       withTeriflunomide.
       >
       > Conclusion:
       >
       > Close monitoring for severe skin reactions is in order when
       using Teriflunomide.
       >
       > Disclosure: No disclosure
       --- End Quote ---
       #Post#: 1323--------------------------------------------------
       Re: (Abst.) Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis in patient on
       teriflunomide for MS
   DIR By: agate
       Date: August 11, 2016, 3:06 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       The risk of TEN (toxic epidermal necrolysis) in connection with
       Aubagio is discussed in this article, which is a comprehensive
       summary of MS treatments (although Zinbryta has been misspelled
       as Zimbrata, apparently). The article is entitled "Steering
       through complexity: management approaches in multiple
       sclerosis," by Bruce Cree and  Hans-Peter Hartung, in Current
       Opinion in Neurology (June 2016):
  HTML http://journals.lww.com/co-neurology/Fulltext/2016/06000/Steering_through_complexity___management.10.aspx?cid=MR-eJP-Newsletter-Neurology-Neurology-WCO-NoPromo
  HTML http://journals.lww.com/co-neurology/Fulltext/2016/06000/Steering_through_complexity___management.10.aspx?cid=MR-eJP-Newsletter-Neurology-Neurology-WCO-NoPromo
       This is what the article says about Aubagio:
       --- Quote ---
       >
       >
       >
       >
       >
       >
       > Teriflunomide is the only oral therapy that has not yet been
       associated causally with PML. Unfortunately, a fatal case of
       toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) was causally linked to
       teriflunomide [32]. Several other cases of severe cutaneous
       reactions have been reported, and the prescriber information was
       updated.
       >
       > TEN is a known complication of leflunomide, a drug for the
       treatment of rheumatoid arthritis that was not observed in the
       clinical development program of teriflunomide. A rare but
       high-risk adverse event poses challenges for positioning this
       oral therapy that also carries boxed warnings regarding
       hepatotoxicity and teratogenicity with similar efficacy to
       autoinjectable medications. Teriflunomide also has a lengthy
       half-life due to gastrointestinal reabsorption and requires
       cholestyramine or activated charcoal for rapid elimination.
       Otherwise, long-term data from the TEMSO extension trial and the
       pooled analysis of all four placebo-controlled trials with
       duration of treatment up to 12 years and a cumulative exposure
       exceeding 6.800 patient years showed a good safety profile
       --- End Quote ---
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