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       #Post#: 871--------------------------------------------------
       (Abst.) Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis in patient on terifluno
       mide for MS
       By: agate Date: July 22, 2015, 8:13 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       From Multiple Sclerosis Journal, July 22, 2015:
       [quote]Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis in a patient on
       teriflunomide treatment for relapsing multiple sclerosis
       Gaspard Gerschenfeld
       Service de Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux
       de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor – Albert Chenevier, Créteil,
       France
       Amandine Servy
       Service de Dermatologie et Centre de Référence des dermatoses
       bulleuses immunologiques et toxiques, Assistance Publique –
       Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor – Albert Chenevier,
       Créteil, France
       Laurence Valeyrie-Allanore
       Service de Dermatologie et Centre de Référence des dermatoses
       bulleuses immunologiques et toxiques, Assistance Publique –
       Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor – Albert Chenevier,
       Créteil, France
       Nicolas de Prost
       Service de Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux
       de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor – Albert Chenevier, Créteil,
       France/Université Paris est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine de
       Créteil, Groupe de Recherche Clinique CARMAS, Créteil, France
       Jérôme Cecchini
       Service de Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux
       de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor – Albert Chenevier, Créteil,
       France/Université Paris est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine de
       Créteil, Groupe de Recherche Clinique CARMAS, Créteil, France
       Service de Réanimation Médicale, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux
       de Paris, Groupe Henri Mondor – Albert Chenevier, 51, Avenue du
       Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France.
       jerome.cecchini@hmn.aphp.fr
       We report a case of toxic epidermal necrolysis in a 46-year-old
       woman on teriflunomide treatment. Such a severe adverse
       cutaneous drug reaction with this new therapy for relapsing
       forms of multiple sclerosis should be early recognized in order
       to ensure the rapid withdrawal of the drug.[/quote]
       The abstract can be seen here
  HTML http://msj.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/07/10/1352458515596601?papetoc.
       #Post#: 872--------------------------------------------------
       Re: (Abst.) Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis in patient on terif
       lunomide for MS
       By: agate Date: July 24, 2015, 12:31 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       I've been trying to find out  more about this but so far haven't
       had any further information.
       The Aubagio Website does have a .pdf file called "A Guide to the
       Accelerated Elimination Procedure for Aubagio" which includes
       this statement:
       [quote]Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
       have been reported rarely in rheumatoid arthritis patients
       receiving leflunomide, with a similar risk expected for
       teriflunomide; therefore, stop treatment and use accelerated
       elimination if a severe skin reaction develops.[/quote]
       The accelerated elimination procedure involves 11 days of
       cholestyramine and activated charcoal. Aubagio usually takes up
       to 2 years to be eliminated from the body but with the
       accelerated elimination procedure eliminating it takes 11 days.
  HTML http://www.aubagio.com/media/pdf/Guide_to_Accelerated_Elimination_Procedure_for_AUBAGIO(R)(teriflunomide).pdf
  HTML http://www.aubagio.com/media/pdf/Guide_to_Accelerated_Elimination_Procedure_for_AUBAGIO(R)(teriflunomide).pdf
       #Post#: 874--------------------------------------------------
       Re: (Abst.) Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis in patient on terif
       lunomide for MS
       By: agate Date: July 25, 2015, 1:16 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       I came across these revised guidelines for Aubagio by the
       Department of Veterans Affairs--they were revised in June 2015:
  HTML http://www.pbm.va.gov/PBM/clinicalguidance/criteriaforuse/Teriflunomide_Criteria_for_Use_Rev_June_2015.pdf
  HTML http://www.pbm.va.gov/PBM/clinicalguidance/criteriaforuse/Teriflunomide_Criteria_for_Use_Rev_June_2015.pdf
       #Post#: 908--------------------------------------------------
       Re: (Abst.) Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis in patient on terif
       lunomide for MS
       By: agate Date: August 21, 2015, 7:30 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       This is the text of the article by Gerschenfeld et al. in
       Multiple Sclerosis Journal (July 2015), with illustrations and
       references omitted:
       [quote]Teriflunomide is a new disease-modifying therapy for
       relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS) which
       has been shown to reduce relapse rate and disability
       progression. Until now, no lethal adverse event had
       been reported. We herein report the first case of a fatal
       toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in a patient on teriflunomide
       treatment.
       A 46-year-old Caucasian woman was admitted to our
       intensive care unit (ICU) for TEN. Her medical history
       included a RMS diagnosed in 2005, with an
       Expanded Disability Status Scale of one and two sensitive
       relapses per year. Previous treatments, including
       β-1a interferon and dimethyl-fumarate, had been
       suspended for poor tolerance (flu-like symptoms and
       rash). Teriflunomide was initiated as an alternative
       treatment. No other medication was reported except
       for occasional self-medication with paracetamol and
       ibuprofen with good tolerance. At day 19 of drug
       onset, she had transitory flu-like symptoms with complete
       healing in five days with paracetamol. Fever and
       asthenia appeared on day 28. Teriflunomide was discontinued.
       The following day, she presented with
       catarrh, vulvar pruritus, odynophagia and an erythematous
       macular eruption of the face and upper trunk.
       She was hospitalized on day 30 and developed acute
       respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.
       TEN was suspected and she was referred to our ICU
       on day 34. Upon admission, clinical features included
       diffuse erythema, confluent flaccid blisters with positive
       Nikolsky’s sign, 95% of detached-detachable
       skin leading to extensive areas of de[bride]d skin
       and erosions of all mucosae. The TENspecific
       severity-of-illness score was 5 (predictive
       mortality of 83%). Fibre-optic bronchoscopy showed
       mucosal detachment of the trachea and the bronchial
       tree. Microbiologic (human immunodeficiency virus
       serology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae serology and polymerase
       chain reaction, blood and urine cultures) and
       auto-immunity tests were negative. Skin biopsy
       revealed bullous disjunction at the dermo-epidermal
       junction, non-specific C3 granular deposit
       on immunostaining and epidermal necrosis, ruling out
       alternative causes and confirming the diagnosis of
       TEN. Supportive skin cares were performed.
       Ciclosporin (1.5 mg/kg per 12h) was introduced.
       Teriflunomide was the only causative drug retained
       according to an algorithm of drug causality for TEN
       based on the following criteria: time latency between
       beginning of drug and index-day, drug present in the
       body before index-day, information on prechallenge/
       rechallenge and dechallenge, notoriety of the drug,
       and alternative causes. Its clearance was accelerated
       with daily enteral administration of cholestyramine
       (24g). Plasma concentrations decreased from 11.3 to
       3.0 μg/ml in four days, corresponding to a theoretical
       2.1-day half-life. Still, the patient’s clinical condition
       worsened with no cutaneous healing and multiple
       organ dysfunctions, leading to death on day 39.
       TEN is a rare mucocutaneous disease, most frequently
       caused by medications. Death often follows infections
       complications or hydroelectrolytic disorders. Although
       leflunomide has been previously associated with TEN,
       this case is, to the best of our knowledge, the first
       reported with its active metabolite, teriflunomide.
       Whether predisposing conditions, such as peculiar
       HLA type, may be involved in the occurrence of TEN
       associated with leflunomide or teriflunomide is
       unknown. Teriflunomide is a non-dialysable biliary excreted
       drug with an intestinal reabsorption cycle
       accounting for a long 19-day half-life. Early drug
       withdrawal of the causative drug is a key aspect of the
       early management of TEN patients. However, in this
       case, the long half-life of teriflunomide, albeit accelerated
       by a washout procedure, was associated with a
       fatal outcome. Patients under teriflunomide should be
       carefully monitored during the first weeks following
       treatment initiation. When TEN is suspected, teriflunomide
       should be stopped and cholestyramine administration
       considered in order to accelerate its biliary
       clearance.
       Acknowledgements
       We thank doctors Anne Hulin and Raymond
       Karkouche for their respective help in performing
       teriflunomide plasma concentrations and histologic
       examination of skin biopsy.
       Conflict of interest
       The authors declare that there is no conflict of
       interest.
       [/quote]
       #Post#: 969--------------------------------------------------
       Re: (Abst.) Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis in patient on terif
       lunomide for MS
       By: agate Date: October 12, 2015, 4:37 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Presented at the ECTRIMS conference in Barcelona (October 7-10,
       2015):
       [quote]Teriflunomide-induced fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis in
       a patient with multiple sclerosis
       F. Derouiche, SCF Avicenne, Mulhouse, France
       Abstract: EP1339
       Abstract Category: Risk management for disease modifying
       treatments
       Introduction:
       Teriflunomide is an immunomodulating agent with proven efficacy
       in multiple sclerosis. Although its overall safety is good. We
       report a case of a fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis with
       Teriflunomide.
       Case report:
       This 46-year-old woman had multiple sclerosis, diagnosed in
       2005. She was treated successively with subcutaneous Interferon
       beta 1a from 04/2009 to 05/2011, Intramuscular Interferon 1a,
       from 03/2013 to 09/2013 and Diméthyl Fumarate from 05/2013 to
       11/2014. All these treatments were stopped because of adverse
       events. Teriflunomide was started in 01/2015.
       Two weeks later, the patient developed febrile maculopapular
       rash that rapidly spread to the whole of the integument with
       ulceration of the oral, ocular, nasal and vag`inal mucosa.
       Despite discontinuing Teriflunomide, initiation of the wash out
       procedure and her admission in the Intensive care unit, she died
       after a week following an acute respiratory distress syndrome
       and a multi organ failure.
       Discussion:
       The main adverse effects of Teriflunomide consist of diarrhea,
       nausea, liver enzyme elevation, hypertension, alopecia, and
       allergic skin reactions. A few cases of toxic epidermal
       necrolysis have been reported with Leflunomide but never
       withTeriflunomide.
       Conclusion:
       Close monitoring for severe skin reactions is in order when
       using Teriflunomide.
       Disclosure: No disclosure[/quote]
       #Post#: 1323--------------------------------------------------
       Re: (Abst.) Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis in patient on terif
       lunomide for MS
       By: agate Date: August 11, 2016, 3:06 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       The risk of TEN (toxic epidermal necrolysis) in connection with
       Aubagio is discussed in this article, which is a comprehensive
       summary of MS treatments (although Zinbryta has been misspelled
       as Zimbrata, apparently). The article is entitled "Steering
       through complexity: management approaches in multiple
       sclerosis," by Bruce Cree and  Hans-Peter Hartung, in Current
       Opinion in Neurology (June 2016):
  HTML http://journals.lww.com/co-neurology/Fulltext/2016/06000/Steering_through_complexity___management.10.aspx?cid=MR-eJP-Newsletter-Neurology-Neurology-WCO-NoPromo
  HTML http://journals.lww.com/co-neurology/Fulltext/2016/06000/Steering_through_complexity___management.10.aspx?cid=MR-eJP-Newsletter-Neurology-Neurology-WCO-NoPromo
       This is what the article says about Aubagio:
       [quote]
       Teriflunomide is the only oral therapy that has not yet been
       associated causally with PML. Unfortunately, a fatal case of
       toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) was causally linked to
       teriflunomide [32]. Several other cases of severe cutaneous
       reactions have been reported, and the prescriber information was
       updated.
       TEN is a known complication of leflunomide, a drug for the
       treatment of rheumatoid arthritis that was not observed in the
       clinical development program of teriflunomide. A rare but
       high-risk adverse event poses challenges for positioning this
       oral therapy that also carries boxed warnings regarding
       hepatotoxicity and teratogenicity with similar efficacy to
       autoinjectable medications. Teriflunomide also has a lengthy
       half-life due to gastrointestinal reabsorption and requires
       cholestyramine or activated charcoal for rapid elimination.
       Otherwise, long-term data from the TEMSO extension trial and the
       pooled analysis of all four placebo-controlled trials with
       duration of treatment up to 12 years and a cumulative exposure
       exceeding 6.800 patient years showed a good safety
       profile[/quote]
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