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       #Post#: 499--------------------------------------------------
       (ACTRIMS/ECTRIMS) New test to identify PML risk w/Tysabri in MS
       By: agate Date: September 29, 2014, 6:24 pm
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       From Medscape, September 29, 2014:
       [quote]New Test to Identify PML Risk With Natalizumab in MS
       Sue Hughes
       BOSTON — A new test seems to be able to stratify patients at
       risk for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) while
       receiving the multiple sclerosis (MS) drug natalizumab more
       effectively than anything available at present.
       The test is based on observations that patients who develop PML
       appear to have very low levels of L-selectin (CD62L) on CD4+ T
       cells in the months or years before they develop the condition.
       "We believe that very low levels of L-selectin is a predictive
       test for the future risk of PML on natalizumab," stated Dr.
       Heinz Wiendl, University of Münster, Germany.
       He presented the data at the recent MS Boston 2014, the 2014
       Joint Americas and European Committees for Treatment and
       Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ACTRIMS/ECTRIMS) meeting.
       Dr. Wiendl explained that he and his colleagues noticed that
       some patients receiving long-term natalizumab had reductions in
       levels of L-selectin. "In particular[,] patients who developed
       PML tended to have very low levels of L-selectin, so we thought
       it might be a good biomarker," he said.
       They therefore went back and analyzed blood samples from a
       larger group of natalizumab recipients. "We now have data on
       1000 patients treated with the drug, of whom 15 have developed
       PML," he reported.
       "Of these 15 patients, 14 showed very low levels of L-selectin
       (less than 21.6) in samples of peripheral blood taken months or
       years before PML developed."
       Asked for comment on these findings, Robert J. Fox, MD, Mellen
       Center for Multiple Sclerosis at Cleveland Clinic in Ohio, said
       he thought this was one of the "most exciting developments"
       presented during the meeting.
       Dr. Wiendl told Medscape Medical News that he is now testing all
       patients after 18 months of natalizumab and then every 6 months
       thereafter. "If one value is low then the patient is at
       significant risk of PML and we stop the drug."
       Dr. Wiendl believes that L-selectin is far more selective than
       JC virus V (JCV) antibodies for identifying patients at risk for
       PML.
       "About half of patients test positive for JCV antibodies, but
       only about 10% of patients have low levels of L-selectin," he
       noted. "JCV positivity puts patients at a risk of about 1 in 100
       of developing PML, but with low L-selectin levels the risk is
       more like 1 in 10," he estimated.
       The L-selectin test is also more reliable in patients who have
       had previous immunosuppression, he added.
       Synergistic With JCV Antibody Status
       Dr. Wiendl is not advocating that L-selectin replace the JCV
       antibody test but rather that they be used together. "I see it
       as a combined effort, as the 2 markers appear to be
       synergistic," he said.
       The problem, however, is that the L-selectin test is not easy to
       perform. It involves purifying and isolating mononuclear cells
       and then performing multicolor flow cytometry. "At the moment
       our L-selectin test is just at the transition from academic to
       clinical," he noted. It is now undergoing validation in
       different cohorts in France and Spain.
       Dr. Wiendl's team is offering the test to centers in Germany,
       Austria, Switzerland, and Benelux (Belgium, the Netherlands, and
       Luxembourg) at present and is open to the idea of expanding the
       service to other countries. However, there is a logistical issue
       in that the blood has to be processed within 24 to 36 hours so
       the mononuclear cells are still viable, which limits long travel
       distances to the laboratory. Dr. Wiendl is looking at ways to
       commercialize the test to enable more widespread use.
       Dr. Fox emphasized the importance of risk stratification for
       complications such as PML. "With these complications what we try
       to do is risk-stratify and risk-mitigate," he told Medscape
       Medical News. "We want to stratify patients to understand their
       risk, and then mitigate that risk as best we can. This test
       promises to help us do just that."
       He said the sensitivity and specificity of the L-selectin test
       were reported to be about 90%, "which is very encouraging."
       "I would be eager to have the test available for general
       clinical use so that we can use that to help guide patients
       regarding their risk, and not just predicting the risk but also
       perhaps identifying those that are in the early stages of having
       developed PML," he added.
       More information about the tests can be obtained from contacting
       Dr. Wiendl through the hospital's Web site.
       ______________________________
       Dr. Wiendl reports honoraria and consultation fees from Bayer
       HealthCare, Biogen Idec, Fresenius Medical Care,
       GlaxoSmithKline, GW Pharmaceuticals, Merck Serono, Novartis,
       Sanofi-Genzyme BioVentures, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries;
       grants and contracts with Bayer HealthCare, Biogen Idec, the
       German Ministry for Education and Research, Deutsche
       Forschungsgesellschaft, the Else Kröner Fresenius Foundation,
       the Fresenius Foundation, the Hertie Foundation, Merck Serono,
       Novartis, the NRW Ministry of Education and Research, the
       Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Studies in Münster,
       Germany, the RE Children's Foundation, sanofi-aventis/Genzyme,
       and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries. Dr. Fox reports he has
       received personal consulting fees from Novartis, Biogen Idec,
       GlaxoSmithKline, MedDay, Questcor, Teva, and XenoPort; has
       served on advisory committees for Biogen Idec and Novartis; and
       received research grant funding from Novartis.[/quote]
       This article can be seen here
  HTML http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/832504.
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