URI:
   DIR Return Create A Forum - Home
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       MS Speaks
  HTML https://msspeaks.createaforum.com
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       *****************************************************
   DIR Return to: COPAXONE, GLATOPA (glatiramer acetate)
       *****************************************************
       #Post#: 484--------------------------------------------------
       (Abst.) Patient care program for adjusting autoinjector needle d
       epth...
       By: agate Date: September 17, 2014, 7:07 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       It's unusual to find a research article where the day-to-day
       practical problems of coping with MS injections are addressed,
       but here is one.
       From PubMed, September 17, 2014:
       [quote]J Neurosci Nurs. 2014 Sep 14.
       A Patient Care Program for Adjusting the Autoinjector Needle
       Depth According to Subcutaneous Tissue Thickness in Patients
       With Multiple Sclerosis Receiving Subcutaneous Injections of
       Glatiramer Acetate
       Masid ML1, Ocaña RH, Gil MJ, Ramos MC, Roig ME, Carreño MR,
       Morales JC, Carrasco ML, Hidalgo LM, Felices AM, Castaño AH,
       Romero PC, Martinez PF, Sánchez-De la Rosa R.
       Author information
       1Maria Luisa Sánchez Masid, D.U.E., is an MS Expert Nurse at H.
       Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain. Rosalía Horno Ocaña,
       D.U.E., is an MS Expert Nurse at Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona,
       Spain. María Jesús Díaz Gil, D.U.E., is an MS Expert Nurse at H.
       Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. Maria Concepción Ramírez
       Ramos, D.U.E., is an MS Expert Nurse at H. Clínico San Carlos,
       Madrid, Spain. Matilde Escutia Roig, D.U.E., is an MS Expert
       Nurse at H. La Fe, Valencia. Maria Rosario Coll Carreño, D.U.E.,
       is an MS Expert Nurse at H. Carlos Haya, Málaga. Jaime Cordero
       Morales, D.U.E., is an MS Expert Nurse at H. Carlos Haya,
       Málaga. Maria Luisa Vergara Carrasco, D.U.E., is an MS Expert
       Nurse at H. Carlos Haya, Málaga. Leonor Mariana Rubio Hidalgo,
       D.U.E., is an MS Expert Nurse at H. Carlos Haya, Málaga. Ana
       Maria Bernad Felices, D.U.E., is an MS Expert Nurse at H.
       Clínico de Valencia, Valencia. Adela Harto Castaño, D.U.E., is
       an MS Expert Nurse at H. Gregorio Marañón, Madrid. Purificación
       Castañeda Romero, D.U.E., is an MS Expert Nurse at H. Puerta del
       Mar, Cádiz. Questions or comments about this article may be
       directed to Pablo Francoli Martinez, PhD, at
       pablo.francoli@tevaes.com. He is a Medical Science Liason at
       Medical Department, TEVA Pharma S.L.U., Anabel Segura, 11,
       Edificio Albatros B, 1st floor, 28108 Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain.
       Rainel Sánchez-De la Rosa, MD PhD MSc, is the Medical Director
       and Head of Market Access, Teva Pharma Group, Madrid, Spain.
       Background:
       The perceived pain on injection site caused by subcutaneous (SC)
       self-injection may negatively affect acceptance and adherence to
       treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Pain on
       injection may be caused by inaccurate injection technique,
       inadequate needle length adjustment, or repeated use of the same
       injection body area. However, information is lacking concerning
       the optimal needle depth to minimize the injection pain.
       Objective:
       The purpose of this program was to characterize the perceived
       injection-site pain associated with the use of various injection
       depths of the autoinjector of glatiramer acetate (GA) based on
       SC tissue thickness (SCT) of the injection site. Methods: This
       was a pilot program performed by MS-specialized nurses in
       patients with MS new to GA. Patients were trained by MS nurses
       on the preparation and administration of SC injection and on an
       eight-site rotation (left and right arms, thighs, abdomen, and
       upper quadrant of the buttock). The needle length setting was
       selected based on SCT measures as follows: 4 or 6 mm for SCT <
       25 mm, 6 or 8 mm for SCT between 25 and 50 mm, and 8 or 10 mm
       for SCT > 50 mm. Injection pain was rated using a visual analog
       scale (VAS) at 5- and 40-minute postinjection and during two
       24-day treatment periods.
       Results:
       Thirty-eight patients with MS were evaluated. The mean SCT
       ranged from 15.5 mm in the upper outer quadrant of the buttocks
       to 29.2 mm in the thighs. The mean perceived pain on injection
       was below 3 for all the injection sites, at both time points (5
       and 40 minutes) and during both 24-day evaluation periods. The
       mean VAS scores were significantly greater after 5 minutes of
       injection compared with that reported 40-minute postinjection
       during both 24-day treatment periods and for all the injection
       areas. Mean VAS measures at 5- and 40-minute postinjection
       significantly decreased during the second 24-day treatment
       period with respect to that reported during the first 24 SC
       injections for all injection sites.
       Conclusions:
       Our findings suggest that the adjustment of injection depth of
       SC GA autoinjector according to SCT of body injection areas is
       suitable to maintain a low degree of postinjection pain.
       Moreover, our results also may indicate that the use of needle
       lengths of 6 mm or shorter is appropriate with regard to
       injection pain for adult patients with MS with SCT < 50
       mm.[/quote]
       The abstract can be seen here
  HTML http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25225835.
       *****************************************************