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       #Post#: 3443--------------------------------------------------
       (Abst.) ECTRIMS: Effectiveness of initial MS treatments...
       By: agate Date: October 23, 2021, 6:21 pm
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       Presented at the annual ECTRIMS conference this month:
       Effectiveness of initial MS treatments in the COMBAT-MS trial:
       injectables, dimethyl fumarate, natalizumab and
       rituximab[font=arial]P. Alping[sup]1,2[/sup], J.
       Burman[sup]3[/sup], K. Fink[sup]1,4[/sup], A.
       Fogdell-Hahn[sup]1[/sup], M. Gunnarsson[sup]5[/sup], J.
       Hillert[sup]1,6[/sup], A. Langer-Gould[sup]7[/sup], J.
       Lycke[sup]8[/sup], P. Nilsson[sup]9[/sup], T.
       Olsson[sup]1,4[/sup], J. Salzer[sup]10[/sup], A.
       Svenningsson[sup]11[/sup], M. Vrethem[sup]12[/sup], T.
       Frisell[sup]2[/sup], F. Piehl[sup]1,4[/sup][/font]
       [font=arial][sup]1[/sup]Karolinska Institutet, Department of
       Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden, [sup]2[/sup]Karolinska
       Institutet, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of
       Medicine Solna, Stockholm, Sweden, [sup]3[/sup]Uppsala
       University, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala, Sweden,
       [sup]4[/sup]Stockholm Health Services, Academic Specialist
       Centre, Stockholm, Sweden, [sup]5[/sup]Örebro University,
       Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro,
       Sweden, [sup]6[/sup]Karolinska University Hospital, Department
       of Neurology, Stockholm, Sweden, [sup]7[/sup]Kaiser Permanente,
       Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Southern California
       Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena, United States,
       [sup]8[/sup]University of Gothenburg, Department of Clinical
       Neuroscience, Gothenburg, Sweden, [sup]9[/sup]Lund University,
       Department of Clinical Sciences/Neurology, Lund, Sweden,
       [sup]10[/sup]Umeå University, Department of Pharmacology and
       Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå, Sweden, [sup]11[/sup]Karolinska
       Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences,
       Stockholm, Sweden, [sup]12[/sup]Linköping University, Department
       of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping, Sweden[/font]
       [font=arial]Introduction: Direct comparisons across multiple
       disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for relapsing-remitting
       multiple sclerosis (RRMS) are valuable in clinical decision
       making. COMBAT-MS (NCT03193866) is an observational drug trial
       capturing data on clinical relapses, lesions on magnetic
       resonance imaging (MRI), Expanded Disability Status Scale
       (EDSS), and drug survival, at all Swedish university
       clinics.[/font]
       [font=arial]Objective: Compare the effectiveness of the most
       common initial MS therapies in Sweden.[/font]
       [font=arial]Methods: All first-ever MS treatments with
       injectables (INJ, interferon-β/glatiramer acetate),
       dimethyl fumarate (DMF), natalizumab (NTZ), and rituximab (RTX),
       started 2011-01-01 to 2020-12-14, were identified with
       prospectively recorded outcome data in the Swedish MS Register.
       Follow-up continued even if the therapy ended. Missing data were
       imputed using multiple imputation and potential confounding was
       adjusted for using stabilized inverse probability of treatment
       weighting with baseline variables: age, sex, MS duration,
       geographical region, EDSS, and relapses. All comparisons are
       made against RTX.[/font]
       [font=arial]Results: We included 1936 first-ever therapy
       episodes: 856 INJ, 341 DMF, 270 NTZ, and 469 RTX. Baseline
       characteristics differed by DMT, with natalizumab having the
       youngest patients, shortest MS duration, and the most previous
       relapses.[/font]
       [font=arial]After adjustment, the hazard ratio (HR) for first
       relapse vs RTX was for INJ 5.9 (95% confidence interval 3.7;
       9.5), DMF 2.8 (1.7; 4.8), and NTZ 1.8 (1.0; 3.3). Similarly, the
       relative three-year lesion rate was for INJ 6.06 (3.75; 9.80),
       DMF 3.52 (2.01; 6.17), and NTZ 2.03 (1.14; 3.64). EDSS
       differences at three years were only marginally different: INJ
       0.25 (0.06; 0.44), DMF 0.05 (-0.16; 0.26), and NTZ 0.00 (-0.23;
       0.24). In contrast, HR for treatment discontinuation was marked:
       INJ 32.5 (19.0; 55.7), DMF 20.2 (11.5; 35.4), and NTZ 16.2 (8.9;
       29.5).[/font]
       [font=arial]Conclusions: In treatment-naïve patients, RTX was
       associated with the lowest risk of relapses and MRI lesions, and
       by far the lowest probability of switching to a second therapy.
       In contrast, EDSS at 3 years was similar for RTX, DMF, and NTZ,
       and only slightly higher for INJ. The apparent difference in
       effectiveness between NTZ and RTX could possibly be explained by
       the vulnerable period after switching from NTZ, mainly due to JC
       virus positivity. These findings underscore the importance of
       tracking long-term outcomes from first DMT start, while
       considering subsequent therapy switches.[/font]
       [font=arial]Disclosure[/font]
       [font=arial]This study was funded through a Patient-Centered
       Outcomes Research Institute Award (MS-1511–33196); the
       statements presented in this publication are solely the
       responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent
       the views of the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute,
       its Board of Governors or Methodology Committee. It was also
       supported by the Swedish Research Council and NEURO Sweden (TF).
       The funding sources had no role in the study design; in the
       collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing
       of the report; or in the decision to submit the paper for
       publication.[/font]
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