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       #Post#: 230--------------------------------------------------
       Tysabri & JC virus infection
       By: agate Date: March 25, 2014, 2:30 pm
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       From Medical News Today, March 24, 2014:
       [quote]Natalizumab treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis
       associated with JC virus infection
       Treatment with natalizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis
       (MS) appears linked with JC virus (JCV) infection, which can
       lead to a rare and often fatal demyelinating disease of the
       central nervous system called progressive multifocal
       leukoencephalopathy (PML) that destroys the myelin that protects
       nerve cells. The movement of cells with JC virus into the blood
       stream may provide researchers with a possible reason why
       patients with MS develop PML.
       Since natalizumab was reintroduced as a biologic therapy for MS
       in 2006, more than 440 cases of PML have been reported. Risk
       factors associated with development of PML include receiving 24
       or more natalizumab infusions, receiving other immunosuppressive
       treatments and testing positive for JCV antibodies in a blood
       test.
       The authors evaluated 49 patients with MS and 18 healthy
       volunteers by drawing blood samples and examining CD34+ cells
       from the bone marrow plus CD19+ and CD3+ cells. Among the 49 MS
       patients, 26 were beginning natalizumab therapy. For these
       patients, blood was drawn at baseline and again at approximately
       three-month intervals to 10 months. Blood also was drawn on a
       single occasion from 23 patients with MS receiving natalizumab
       for more than two years and from the 18 healthy volunteers.
       Of the 26 patients beginning natalizumab therapy, 50 percent had
       detectable JC virus DNA in at least one cell subtype at one or
       more measures. Among the 23 patients who received natalizumab
       treatment for two years, 10 patients (44 percent) had detectable
       viral DNA in one or more cell subtype, as did three of the 18
       healthy volunteers (17 percent). Of the 49 total patients with
       MS, 15 (31 percent) were confirmed to have JCV in CD34+ cells
       and 12 of the 49 (24 percent) had it in CD19+ cells.
       "We detected JCV DNA within the cell compartments of
       natalizumab-treated MS patients after treatment inception and
       after 24 months. The JCV DNA may harbor [live] in CD34+ cells in
       bone marrow that mobilize into the peripheral circulation at
       high concentrations. Cells with latent infection initiate
       differentiation to CD19+ cells that favor growth of JCV.
       Continued studies are needed to further investigate natalizumab
       treatments as the mechanism of PML."
       References
       JAMA Neurol. Published online March 24, 2014.
       doi:10.1001/.jamaneurol.2014.63.
       The authors made conflict of interest disclosures. The study was
       supported by the Division of Intramural Research funds (National
       Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and
       National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease
       laboratories) and other sources. ...
       Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press
       release.
       [/quote]
       The article can be seen here
  HTML http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/274424.php?tw.
       #Post#: 235--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Tysabri & JC virus infection
       By: agate Date: March 30, 2014, 6:21 pm
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       More on this study appeared in DailyRx News, March 29, 2014:
       [quote]Increased JC virus infection seen in MS patients taking
       natalizumab
       Author: Sheryl Wood / Reviewed by: Robert Carlson, M.D Beth
       Bolt, RPh
       Natalizumab is often used to fight the symptoms and progression
       of multiple sclerosis, but the drug comes with a significant
       risk of a rare and potentially fatal viral infection.
       Multiple sclerosis patients who take natalizumab (brand name
       Tysabri) have about three times the rate of progressive
       multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) — a rare and usually fatal
       disease of the brain. While it is known that PML is caused by
       the JC virus, it isn’t clear why more MS patients taking
       natalizumab get PML.
       A recent study found that the JC virus may live and grow in
       certain cells of the immune system and that natalizumab may
       enhance this process.
       "Ask your doctor about your MS treatment options."
       Elliot M. Frohman, MD, PhD from the Department of Neurology at
       the University of Texas Medical Center in Dallas, TX led the
       research team.
       The study involved three groups of people. Twenty-six multiple
       sclerosis (MS) patients had their blood drawn before starting
       natalizumab and regularly over the next 10 monthly treatments.
       Another group of 23 patients had their blood drawn once after
       they had completed at least 24 treatments with natalizumab.
       Blood was also collected for a third group of 18 people without
       MS who served as the control group for the study.
       The research team measured the amount of JC virus in the blood
       of the study participants. They looked at different types of
       white cells in the patients, called CD34 and CD19 cells, to see
       which cells the virus was found in.
       JC virus was found in either the CD34 or CD19 white cells of
       people in all three groups. The virus was found in cells of 50
       percent of the patients starting natalizumab treatment, 44
       percent of the patients who had more than 24 treatments, and in
       17 percent of the normal control group.
       Results of the research showed that the percentages of CD34 and
       CD19 cells were higher in the blood of MS patients treated with
       natalizumab, compared to people in the healthy control group.
       This increase started after three months of treatment.
       The authors theorized that the JC virus might have lived in CD34
       cells in the bone marrow and that natalizumab moved these cells
       into the bloodstream. They also suggested that the cells
       infected with JC virus might become CD19 cells where the virus
       could then grow.
       “Continued studies are needed to further investigate natalizumab
       treatments as the mechanism of PML,” the authors concluded.
       The research was published in the March issue of JAMA Neurology.
       Funding for the study was provided by the National Institute of
       Neurological and Communicative Diseases and the National
       Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, as well as a grant
       from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society.
       Dr. Frohman disclosed receiving fees for speaking and consulting
       from Biogen Idec, makers of natalizumab.[/quote]
       The article can be seen here
  HTML http://www.dailyrx.com/increased-jc-virus-infection-seen-ms-patients-taking-natalizumab.
       #Post#: 242--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Tysabri & JC virus infection
       By: agate Date: April 6, 2014, 4:32 pm
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       From HealthDay, March 25, 2014, this article, "New Clues to Link
       between MS Drug Tysabri and Rare Brain Disease"
  HTML http://www.philly.com/philly/health/topics/HealthDay686134_20140331_New_Clues_to_Link_Between_MS_Drug_Tysabri_and_Rare_Brain_Disease.html.
       #Post#: 342--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Tysabri & JC virus infection
       By: agate Date: June 3, 2014, 2:54 pm
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       An editorial in the Multiple Sclerosis Journal, June 2, 2014,
       gives a very understandable summary  of the situation with
       respect to JC virus testing and PML.  If this link
  HTML http://msj.sagepub.com/content/20/7/771.full
       doesn't work for
       people, I hope someone will let me know.
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