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       #Post#: 2336--------------------------------------------------
       Rosenthal, AMERICAN SICKNESS: HOW HEALTHCARE BECAME BIG BUSINESS
       AND HOW YOU CAN TAKE IT BACK
   DIR By: agate
       Date: January 6, 2019, 2:05 am
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       Elisabeth Rosenthal, AN AMERICAN SICKNESS: HOW HEALTHCARE BECAME
       BIG BUSINESS AND HOW YOU CAN TAKE IT BACK (2017)
       This is what I posted on my book reviews blog:
       This is a timely and important book. The author, who was a
       practicing physician for about 8 years before becoming the
       science and health reporter for the New York Times, seems to
       know her topic thoroughly.  She paints an alarming picture of
       the US healthcare system, with hospitals and medical providers
       and drug companies all helping themselves to considerable sums
       of money thanks to cleverness in manipulating insurance company
       and Medicare policies. It adds up to a catastrophically broken
       system, with patients being harmed and often impoverished by it.
       She gives detailed descriptions of inventive forms of "strategic
       billing" used by doctors and hospitals who have devised ways of
       using the elaborate coding system to generate a far higher price
       tag for services and items that they should have.
       She has no use for direct-to-consumer drug advertising, which is
       now inundating the US media.
       Then there are "surrogate endpoints." According to the National
       Cancer Institute Website, a surrogate endpoint is:
       In clinical trials, an indicator or sign used in place of
       another to tell if a treatment works. Surrogate endpoints
       include a shrinking tumor or lower biomarker levels. They may be
       used instead of stronger indicators, such as longer survival or
       improved quality of life, because the results of the trial can
       be measured sooner. The use of surrogate endpoints in clinical
       trials may allow earlier approval of new drugs to treat serious
       or life-threatening diseases, such as cancer. Surrogate
       endpoints are not always true indicators or signs of how well a
       treatment works.
       Rosenthal has this to say about them:
       An in-depth data investigation by the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
       and MedPage Today in 2014 revealed that, thanks to surrogate
       endpoints, 74% of cancer drugs approved by the FDA during the
       previous decade ultimately did not extend life by even a single
       day.
       She discusses "accelerated approval measures"--the easiest way
       to get drug products onto the market. In this way companies can
       more easily market drugs and biologics that have no real proven
       value, she says.
       She strongly favors obliging hospitals to make their
       chargemasters clearly available to all patients so that they can
       find out what they can expect to be charged for everything that
       is done during their hospital stays, and she would like to see
       hospitals guarantee that all doctors who treat you are in your
       insurance network--to avoid the very unwelcome surprise of a
       bill that is astonishingly higher than anticipated just because
       the doctor who examined or treated you was out-of-network.
       She maintains that the skills of pharmacists in the US are very
       underused and points out that in Europe drugs are classified
       into three groups: over-the-counter, prescription, and
       pharmacist-dispensed.  Using pharmacists' training and knowledge
       by enabling them to dispense drugs without doctors'
       prescriptions would ease the burden on doctors and provide
       patients with readier access to many well-established drugs.
       The book includes three useful appendices, with links to
       Websites where more information can be found.
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