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       #Post#: 177--------------------------------------------------
       (Abstr.) TOWER study, phase 3--oral teriflunomide for relapsing 
       MS
       By: agate Date: February 18, 2014, 12:54 pm
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       From the Lancet Neurology, February 18, 2014:
       [quote]Oral teriflunomide for patients with relapsing multiple
       sclerosis (TOWER): a randomised, double-blind,
       placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
       Prof Christian Confavreux MD a *, Prof Paul O'Connor MD b, Prof
       Giancarlo Comi MD c, Prof Mark S Freedman MD d, Prof Aaron E
       Miller MD e, Prof Tomas P Olsson MD f, Prof Jerry S Wolinsky MD
       g, Teresa Bagulho MD h, Jean-Luc Delhay MD i, Deborah Dukovic MS
       h, Philippe Truffinet MD i, Prof Ludwig Kappos MD j
       Corresponding Author, for the TOWER Trial Group†
       Background
       Teriflunomide is an oral disease-modifying therapy approved for
       treatment of relapsing or relapsing—remitting multiple
       sclerosis. We aimed to provide further evidence for the safety
       and efficacy of teriflunomide in patients with relapsing
       multiple sclerosis.
       Methods
       This international, randomised, double-blind,
       placebo-controlled, phase 3 study enrolled adults aged 18—55
       years with relapsing multiple sclerosis, one or more relapse in
       the previous 12 months or two or more in the previous 24 months
       but no relapse in the previous 30 days, and an Expanded
       Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 5·5 points or less.
       Patients were recruited from 189 sites in 26 countries and
       randomly assigned (1:1:1) to once-daily placebo, teriflunomide 7
       mg, or teriflunomide 14 mg via an interactive voice recognition
       system. Treatment duration was variable, ending 48 weeks after
       the last patient was included. The primary endpoint was
       annualised relapse rate (number of relapses per patient-year)
       and the key secondary endpoint was time to sustained
       accumulation of disability (an EDSS score increase of at least 1
       EDSS point sustained for a minimum of 12 weeks), both analysed
       in the modified intention-to-treat population (all patients who
       received at least one dose of assigned study medication). This
       study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00751881.
       Findings
       Between Sept 17, 2008, and Feb 17, 2011, 1169 patients were
       randomly assigned to a treatment group, of whom 388, 407, and
       370 patients received at least one dose of placebo,
       teriflunomide 7 mg, or teriflunomide 14 mg, respectively. By the
       end of the study, the annualised relapse rate was higher in
       patients assigned to placebo (0·50 [95% CI 0·43—0·58]) than in
       those assigned to teriflunomide 14 mg (0·32 [0·27—0·38];
       p=0·0001) or teriflunomide 7 mg (0·39 [0·33—0·46]; p=0·0183).
       Compared with placebo, teriflunomide 14 mg reduced the risk of
       sustained accumulation of disability (hazard ratio [HR] 0·68
       [95% CI 0·47—1·00]; log-rank p=0·0442); however, teriflunomide 7
       mg had no effect on sustained accumulation of disability (HR
       0·95 [0·68—1·35]; log-rank p=0·7620). The most common adverse
       events were alanine aminotransferase increases (32 [8%] of 385
       patients in the placebo group vs 46 [11%] of 409 patients in the
       teriflunomide 7 mg group vs 52 [14%] of 371 patients in the
       teriflunomide 14 mg group), hair thinning (17 [4%] vs 42 [10%]
       vs 50 [13%]), and headache (42 [11%] vs 60 [15%] vs 46 [12%]).
       Incidence of serious adverse events was similar in all treatment
       groups (47 [12%] vs 52 [13%] vs 44 [12%]). Four deaths occurred,
       none of which was considered to be related to study drug
       (respiratory infection in the placebo group, traffic accident in
       the teriflunomide 7 mg group, and suicide and septicaemia due to
       Gram-negative infection complicated by disseminated
       intravascular coagulopathy in the teriflunomide 14 mg group).
       Interpretation
       Teriflunomide 14 mg was associated with a lower relapse rate and
       less disability accumulation compared with placebo, with a
       similar safety and tolerability profile to that reported in
       previous studies. These results confirm the dose effect reported
       in previous trials and support the use of teriflunomide 14 mg in
       patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis.
       Funding
       Genzyme, a Sanofi company.
       ____________________
       a University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
       b University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
       c University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
       d University of Ottawa and the Ottawa Hospital Research
       Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
       e Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
       f Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
       g University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston,
       TX, USA
       h Genzyme, a Sanofi company, Bridgewater, NJ, USA
       i Genzyme, a Sanofi company, Chilly Mazarin, France
       j University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
       Corresponding Author Information Correspondence to: Prof Ludwig
       Kappos, University Hospital, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel,
       Switzerland
       * Prof Confavreux died in September, 2013
       † Additional members are listed in the appendix[/quote]
       The abstract can be seen here
  HTML http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(13)70308-9/fulltext?elsca1=ETOC-NEUROLOGY&elsca2=email&elsca3=J34S35F.
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