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       #Post#: 26--------------------------------------------------
       Effect of respiratory muscle training on exercise performance in
       healthy individuals: a systematic revi
   DIR By: LightMove
       Date: October 25, 2021, 3:00 am
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       Objectives: Two distinct types of specific respiratory muscle
       training (RMT), i.e. respiratory muscle strength
       (resistive/threshold) and endurance (hyperpnoea) training, have
       been established to improve the endurance performance of healthy
       individuals. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis
       in order to determine the factors that affect the change in
       endurance performance after RMT in healthy subjects.
       Data sources: A computerized search was performed without
       language restriction in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL and
       references of original studies and reviews were searched for
       further relevant studies.
       Review methods: RMT studies with healthy individuals assessing
       changes in endurance exercise performance by maximal tests
       (constant load, time trial, intermittent incremental,
       conventional [non-intermittent] incremental) were screened and
       abstracted by two independent investigators. A multiple linear
       regression model was used to identify effects of subjects'
       fitness, type of RMT (inspiratory or combined
       inspiratory/expiratory muscle strength training, respiratory
       muscle endurance training), type of exercise test, test duration
       and type of sport (rowing, running, swimming, cycling) on
       changes in performance after RMT. In addition, a meta-analysis
       was performed to determine the effect of RMT on endurance
       performance in those studies providing the necessary data.
       Results: The multiple linear regression analysis including 46
       original studies revealed that less fit subjects benefit more
       from RMT than highly trained athletes (6.0% per 10 mL ·
       kg⁻¹ · min⁻¹ decrease in maximal oxygen uptake, 95%
       confidence interval [CI] 1.8, 10.2%; p = 0.005) and that
       improvements do not differ significantly between inspiratory
       muscle strength and respiratory muscle endurance training (p =
       0.208), while combined inspiratory and expiratory muscle
       strength training seems to be superior in improving performance,
       although based on only 6 studies (+12.8% compared with
       inspiratory muscle strength training, 95% CI 3.6, 22.0%; p =
       0.006). Furthermore, constant load tests (+16%, 95% CI 10.2,
       22.9%) and intermittent incremental tests (+18.5%, 95% CI 10.8,
       26.3%) detect changes in endurance performance better than
       conventional incremental tests (both p < 0.001) with no
       difference between time trials and conventional incremental
       tests (p = 0.286). With increasing test duration, improvements
       in performance are greater (+0.4% per minute test duration, 95%
       CI 0.1, 0.6%; p = 0.011) and the type of sport does not
       influence the magnitude of improvements (all p > 0.05). The
       meta-analysis, performed on eight controlled trials revealed a
       significant improvement in performance after RMT, which was
       detected by constant load tests, time trials and intermittent
       incremental tests, but not by conventional incremental tests.
       Conclusion: RMT improves endurance exercise performance in
       healthy individuals with greater improvements in less fit
       individuals and in sports of longer durations. The two most
       common types of RMT (inspiratory muscle strength and respiratory
       muscle endurance training) do not differ significantly in their
       effect, while combined inspiratory/expiratory strength training
       might be superior. Improvements are similar between different
       types of sports. Changes in performance can be detected by
       constant load tests, time trials and intermittent incremental
       tests only. Thus, all types of RMT can be used to improve
       exercise performance in healthy subjects but care must be taken
       regarding the test used to investigate the improvements.
       Breathing trainers can help you complete different types of RMT
       to improve your sports performance, such as
       OPUMP.
  HTML https://theopump.com/
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