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#Post#: 657--------------------------------------------------
how to drill an oil well-steps
DIR By: Michel
Date: September 15, 2012, 7:57 am
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How to Drill an Oil Well.. (19 steps)
(1) Hire geologists to analyze the features of an area and see
if it is likely to contain oil...Geologist s willanalyze an
area's surface features,terrain, and rock and soil types, aswell
as the Earth's magnetic and gravitational fields.
A number of methods are used to perform a seismic survey, in
which shock waves are sent through rock layers under the earth
and later analyzed.
Hydrocarbons can be detected using electronic "noses" called
sniffers.
(2) Mark the targeted area for drilling. Place buoys around the
area if it's in the water. Use GPS coordinates to mark a
designated spot when drilling on land.
(3)Take the necessary legal steps. Obtain any permits, lease
agreements, titles, etc., needed to drill in the area. Measure
any impact the drilling will have on theenvironment.
(4)Clear and level the designated area.
(5) Ensure that a water source is nearby, as one is needed in
the drilling process. If there is no natural source of water, a
well must be drilled.
(6) Dig a reserve pit and line it with plastic. This pit will be
used to dispose of rock cuttings and drilling mud.
Cuttings and mud will have to be trucked away from the site if
the drilling is being performed in an ecologically sensitive
area.
(7)Dig a rectangular pit, near the future spot of the drilling
hole, to act as a workspace for the drill crew. Dig any other
necessary holes nearby for storing equipment.
(8) Drill the Main Hole
Use a drill truck to drill a starter hole that is shallower and
wider than the future main hole. Line this hole with conductor
pipe.
(9)Drill the main hole with an oil rig, but stop before reaching
the expected location of the oil trap. Set the bit, collar, and
drill pipe in the hole and attach the kelly and turntable (the
system that pumps the drilling mud). Start drilling, floating
the rock cuttings out of the hole.
You can drill hundreds or thousands of feet deep before reaching
the oil trap. You will need to add drill pipe and casing as you
drill deeper.
(10) Insert casing pipe into the hole.
(11) Cement the hole to prevent collapse. Pump cement and drill
mud through the casing pipe witha cement slurry and a bottom
plug. The cement will move through the casing and fill the area
between the outside of the casing and the actual hole. Let the
cement harden.
(11) Stop drilling when the rock cuttings contain signs of oil
sand from the reservoir rock.
(12) Test rock samples, measure pressure, and lower gas sensors
into the hole to determine if the reservoir rock has been
reached. Keep drilling if it has not.
(13) Once You've Reached the Reservoir Rock
Lower a perforating gun to punchholes into the casing.
(14) Run tubing into the hole for oil and gas to flow through to
the top.
(15) Seal the outside of the tubingwith a (packer)
(16) Control the oil flow. Connect amulti-valved structure
(called a"Christmas tree") to the top of the tubing.
(17) Remove the rig when oil starts to flow.
(18) Install a pump on the well head.
(19) Things You'll Need
Geological experts
Seismology equipment
Drill team
Drill truck
Conductor pipe
Casing pipe
Cement and pump
Oil rig and drilling equipment
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