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#Post#: 5--------------------------------------------------
Physiology
DIR By: Himankan
Date: April 12, 2015, 4:39 am
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#Post#: 24--------------------------------------------------
Re: Physiology
DIR By: Himankan
Date: April 15, 2015, 11:48 am
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Electrolyte Values
SODIUM - Sodium is the most abundant cation in the blood and
its chief base. It functions in the body to maintain osmotic
pressure, acid-base balance and to transmit nerve impulses. Very
Low value: seizure and Neurologic Sx.
Normal Adult Range: 135-146 mEq/L
Optimal Adult Reading: 140.5
POTASSIUM - Potassium is the major intracellular cation. Very
low value: Cardiac arythemia.
Normal Range: 3.5 - 5.5 mEq/L
Optimal Adult Reading: 4.5
CHLORIDE - Elevated levels are related to acidosis as well as
too much water crossing the cell membrane. Decreased levels with
decreased serum albumin may indicate water deficiency crossing
the cell membrane (edema).
Normal Adult Range: 95-112 mEq/L
Optimal Adult Reading: 103
CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) - The CO2 level is related to the
respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide in the lungs and is part
of the bodies buffering system. Generally when used with the
other electrolytes, it is a good indicator of acidosis and
alkalinity.
Normal Adult Range: 22-32 mEq/L
Optimal Adult Reading: 27
Normal Childrens Range - 20 - 28 mEq/L
Optimal Childrens Reading: 24
CALCIUM - involved in bone metabolism, protein absorption, fat
transfer muscular contraction, transmission of nerve impulses,
blood clotting and cardiac function. Regulated by parathyroid.
Normal Adult Range: 8.5-10.3 mEq/dl
Optimal Adult Reading: 9.4
PHOSPHORUS - Generally inverse with Calcium.
Normal Adult Range: 2.5 - 4.5 mEq/dl
Optimal Adult Reading: 3.5
Normal Childrens Range: 3 - 6 mEq/dl
Optimal Childrens Range: 4.5
ANION GAP (Sodium + Potassium - CO2 + Chloride) - An increased
measurement is associated with metabolic acidosis due to the
overproduction of acids (a state of alkalinity is in effect).
Decreased levels may indicate metabolic alkalosis due to the
overproduction of alkaloids (a state of acidosis is in effect).
Normal Adult Range: 4 - 14 (calculated)
Optimal Adult Reading: 9
CALCIUM/PHOSPHORUS Ratio
Normal Adult Range: 2.3 - 3.3 (calculated)
Optimal Adult Reading: 2.8
Normal Children�s range: 1.3 - 3.3 (calculated)
Optimal Children�s Reading: 2.3
SODIUM/POTASSIUM
Normal Adult Range: 26 - 38 (calculated)
Optimal Adult Reading: 32
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