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       #Post#: 129--------------------------------------------------
       C++ STRINGS
       By: eba95 Date: July 30, 2010, 8:52 pm
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       C++ Strings
       The ba s i c _ s t r i ng class provides a
       useful way to manipulate and store
       sequences of characters. It is defined
       as a basic template class in the s t d
       namespace in the < s t r i ng> header
       file.
       t e m p l a t e < t y pe na m e C ha r , t y pe na m e T r a i t
       s = c ha r _ t r a i t s < C ha r > , t y pe na m e A l l o c
       c l a s s ba s i c _ s t r i ng ;
       The C++ standard library provides
       two specializations of class
       ba s i c _ s t r i ng.
       t y pe de f ba s i c _ s t r i ng< c ha r > s t r i ng ;
       t y pe de f ba s i c _ s t r i ng< w c ha r _ t > w s t r i ng ;
       In the following sections, s t r i ng
       means any specialization of class
       ba s i c _ s t r i ng, and C ha r means its
       character type.
       Constructors create strings from arrays of
       characters and other strings
       Operators concatenate strings, assign strings,
       use strings for I/O, compare strings
       append append characters and strings onto a
       string
       assign give a string values from strings of
       characters and other C++ strings
       at returns the character at a specific
       location
       begin returns an iterator to the beginning
       of the string
       c_str returns a non-modifiable standard C
       character array version of the string
       capacity returns the number of characters
       that the string can hold
       clear removes all characters from the
       string
       compare compares two strings
       copy copies characters from a string into
       an array
       data returns a pointer to the first
       character of a string
       empty true if the string has no characters
       end returns an iterator just past the last
       character of a string
       erase removes characters from a string
       find find characters in the string
       find_first_not_of find first absence of characters
       find_first_of find first occurrence of characters
       find_last_not_of find last absence of characters
       find_last_of find last occurrence of characters
       getline read data from an I/O stream into a
       string
       insert insert characters into a string
       length returns the length of the string
       max_size returns the maximum number of
       characters that the string can hold
       npos a special value that indicates “not
       found” or “all remaining characters”
       push_back add a character to the end of the
       string
       rbegin returns a reverse_iterator to the end
       of the string
       rend returns a reverse_iterator to the
       beginning of the string
       replace replace characters in the string
       reserve sets the minimum capacity of the
       string
       resize change the size of the string
       rfind find the last occurrence of a
       substring
       size returns the number of items in the
       string
       substr returns a certain substring
       swap swap the contents of this string with
       another
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