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#Post#: 112--------------------------------------------------
DRAFT: Sed Strata from Megatsunamis
By: Admin Date: February 5, 2017, 9:44 am
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FLOOD CATASTROPHISM
PART 1. MEGATSUNAMIS DEPOSITED THE GEOLOGIC COLUMN
This is Part 1 of a 4 part series. Parts 2-4 will cover Dating
Methods & Human Evidence, Impacts and Continental Drift.
Abstract
There must have been a supercontinent, as we will show in Part 4
on Continental Drift. One or more asteroids (or small
planet-like bodies) must have come unusually close to Earth
periodically to produce megatsunamis by tidal action. The
megatsunamis sorted and deposited nearly all of Earth's
sedimentary strata in six megasequences (partially sheet-eroded)
on about 75% of the supercontinent in a geologically short
timespan. These occurred before orogenesis and continental
drift. Many of the smaller asteroids impacted on Earth. The
largest impact split the supercontinent, making the continents
and initiating orogeny.
A major geological observation is that most sedimentary strata
are fairly horizontal & conforming, mostly sorted into one or
two kinds of sediment in each stratum.(i)
Categories of evidence + opposing arguments:
1. Area & thicknesses of strata
2. Sorting of sediments
3. Sources of sediments and cementing agents
4. Rate of deposition
5. Preservation of delicate fossils>
1. Gradual erosion & deposition (GED) cannot form horizontal
sedimentary strata, but can only form sloped alluvial & delta
fans.(1)
_a. Turbulent floods can sort and deposit horizontal strata, as
found at the Mt. St. Helens volcanic site in the 1980s and the
Colorado Bijou Creek flood site in 1965.(1a) <<____
_b. The larger a flood is, the larger is the area over which it
deposits strata.
_c. Most sedimentary strata cover very large areas of continents
or of a former supercontinent.(1c) <<____
_d. This requires a continent- or supercontinent-wide flood or
floods.
2. GED cannot sort sediments into different broad horizontal
beds that show little to no signs of erosion between strata.(2)
<<____
_a. GED can only produce sloped strata on lake or sea floors or
banks over relatively small areas.(2a) <<____.
_b. There cannot have been thousands of years of gradual erosion
depositing only one kind of sediment, such as sand, in a shallow
inland sea, then thousands of years depositing only another kind
of sediment, such as clay, over the sand, and then more
millennia depositing just lime or growing shells etc forming
limestone.
_c. That is because there are no large upstream sources of such
pure materials and no signs of such sources from the past.
_d. The lack of erosion between conforming strata is further
evidence that the strata were sorted and deposited by
floodwaters that soon receded, not by GED.
3. GED cannot fill basins with strata that conform with the
shape of the basin walls & floor.
_a. Conforming strata occur mostly in horizontal beds and
formerly horizontal beds, but also in curved forms, mainly in
basins and mountain ranges.(3a) <<____
_b. GED can only form sloped fan and floor strata.(2a)
_c. But most basins have contoured/conforming strata.(3b) <<____
4. GED cannot bury delicate or large organisms or preserve them
as fossils.
_a. Local turbulent floods can bury large organisms in small
areas, but the burial does not keep out bacteria & small
organisms that decompose the remains.(5a) <<____
_b. Only great overburden pressure or heat can prevent
decomposition and allow fossilization.(5b) <<____
_c. A turbulent flood cannot preserve delicate fossils.
_d. Delicate fossils required gradual burial over minutes to
days, followed by increasing overburden.(5d) <<____
_e. Examples of delicate fossils are tracks, burrows, feeding
traces, sea lilies, jellyfish & fishes.
5. Catastrophic flooding can provide conditions for
lithification better than GED can.(5) <<____
_a. Lime is one of the most common cementing agents and
degassing of ocean water would have made CO2 available to form
limestone and other carbonates.(5a) <<____
_b. Silica is also a common cementing agent and would have been
more available from precipitation and turbulent oceans.(5b)
<<____
_c. Iron oxide would also have been available in the same ways
to help cement very hard sandstones etc.(5c) <<____
_d. Clay is self cementing.(5d) <<____
_e. Heat and pressure are important conditions for some
lithification, which were provided under catastrophic conditions
of impacts, volcanism and deep deposits of sediments.(5e) <<____
6. 25 basins from around the Mediterranean to eastern China and
a few in the Americas apparently contain the entire geologic
column.(6) <<____
_a. Some basins seem to have formed as impact craters.(6a)
<<____
_b. Basins would have filled in during the 6 megatsunamis, with
sediments conforming largely to basin contours as proven in
experiments.(6b) <<____
_c. If GED occurred and frequent tremors or tides or something
caused the sediments to spread out across the floor of a basin,
the sediments should have gone to the bottom as flat layers,
instead of as conforming to the basin shapes.(6c) <<____
_d. Some of the sediments on higher ground washed off by sheet
erosion as megatsunami tides receded, leaving many continental
areas without some or many strata.(6d) <<____
_e. 25% of continent surfaces have no sedimentary strata: i.e. N
& E Canada - Greenland - Scandinavia and E South America -
Southern Africa - E India - W & N Australia - Antarctica.(6e)
<<____
_f. Either megatsunamis didn't reach those locations, or sheet
erosion washed all of the sediments there into the oceans.
7. What could cause major flooding of a continent or
supercontinent?
_a. Precipitation flooding would be insufficient: if the
atmosphere were much larger than now and it held a large percent
of water vapor, if something caused most of the water vapor to
precipitate, it would likely only raise sea level a few
meters.(6a) <<____
_b. Natural dam break flooding is insufficient: the Missoula
flood is the largest one known and it only produced a small
amount of strata.(6b) <<____
_c. Sea level rise is improbable from glacial melting and would
also be insufficient and not turbulent enough.(6c) <<____
_d. Normal tsunamis, caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions,
landslides, or small impacts, are too small to flood whole
continents.(6d) <<____
_e. But megatsunamis could do the job.(6e)
8. What could cause megatsunamis?
_a. Large impacts in the ocean could, or a close approach of an
asteroid could also, by tidal effect.
_b. Sedimentary strata are divided into six megasequences with
disconformities between them.(7b) <<____
_c. The disconformities were apparently caused by minor erosion
on the upper surface of each lower megasequence by rain over
short periods of time.
_d. Thus there must have been six major ocean impacts every few
weeks or months apart, or there must have been six close
approaches of one or more asteroids, weeks or months apart.
_e. It seems more probable that an asteroid on a temporary
elliptical orbit around the Earth would cause repeating
tsunamis.
_f. Calculations show that dust and gases in space ejected
during impacts would cause an elliptical orbit to circularize
within decades.(7f) <<____
_g. An asteroid the size of the Moon would raise tides 2.5 km
high, if it were ____ km from Earth at its perigee.(7g) <<____
9. Megatsunamis meet all of the requirements for a source of
Earth's geologic column.
_a. The tide from an asteroid's close approach to Earth would
start to rise gradually, stirring up and raining down light
sediment on delicate organisms, traces and ripple marks etc for
a few hours.
_b. Due to loss of much atmosphere, CO2 would degas in the
oceans, forming lime.(8b) <<____
_c. As the asteroid approached perigee the tides would reach
maximum velocity and great amounts of clay, silt and sand from
the ocean floor and continental shelf would flow over and
deposit on large areas of continents or the supercontinent.(8c)
<<____
_d. The sediments would separate largely according to grain
size, forming horizontal or contoured beds of strata.(8d) <<____
_e. Many organisms would be buried and the overburden would
increase to many meters thick.
_f. As the asteroid moved away and the tide receded, water would
drain from the sediments, gradually removing buoyancy of
sediments around entombed organisms, thus allowing them to
gradually compress.(8f) <<____See Taylor re Ohio sharks<<
_g. Lime from the ocean waters would help cement and lithify the
sediments.(8g) <<____
_h. Each return of the asteroid to and past perigee would have
formed another megasequence of strata.
10. Calculations. John Baumgardner calculated how large
megatsunamis would have been in order to deposit the geologic
column.(10) <<____
_a. They would have been about 2.5 km high.(10a) <<____
_b. Each one would have deposited about .4 km of sediments to
make a megasequence of strata, so six of them would have
deposited an average of 1.8 km after sheet-eroding some of it
away.(10b) <<____
_c. They could have occurred a few weeks or months apart over a
few months' or years' time.(10c) <<____
_d. The flooding would have occurred for a few days during each
orbital cycle.(10d) <<____
_e. The rest of the time the floods would have receded before
the next cycle repeated
_f. To produce waves 2.5 km high, a body the size of the Moon
would have been ____ km from Earth, center to center.(10f)
<<____
_g. A smaller body would have come closer; a larger body would
have come less close.
REFERENCES & NOTES
_i. The main support for GED is radiometric dating, which we
will discuss extensively in Part 2 on Dating Methods and Human
Evidence.
_1. Recognizing Depositional Environments ~ Learning Geology -
HTML http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SNYTo-hUATY/VkHkb52nkEI/AAAAAAAACWU/qVLuDZrjQWY/s1600/6.17.jpg
- also
HTML http://www.scielo.cl/fbpe/img/andgeol/v36n1/fig05-10.jpg
- and
HTML http://www.scielo.cl/fbpe/img/andgeol/v36n1/fig05-09.jpg.
_1a. Turbulent floods can sort and deposit horizontal strata, as
found at the Mt. St. Helens volcanic site in the 1980s. <<____
_1c. Most sedimentary strata cover very large areas of
continents or of a former supercontinent.
_2. <<____
_3a. Mountain range strata will be covered in Part 4.
_3b. <<____
_4. <<____
_4a. <<____
_5a. <<____
_5b. <<____
_5d. <<____
_6a. <<____
_6b. <<____
_6c. <<____
_6d. <<____
_6e. Megatsunami
HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megatsunami
"The asteroid linked to the extinction of dinosaurs, which
created the Chicxulub crater in Yucatán approximately 66 million
years ago, would have caused an over 100 metres 330 ft) tall
megatsunami. The height of the tsunami was limited due to
relatively shallow sea in the area of the impact; in deep sea it
would be 4.6 kilometres 2.9 mi) tall." Bryant, Edward (June
2014) . Tsunami: The Underrated Hazard. Springer. p. 178. ISBN
9783319061337.
_7b. <<____
_7c. <<____
_7f. <<____
_7g. <<____
_8b. <<____
_8c. <<____
_8d. <<____
_8f. <See Taylor re Ohio sharks>
_8g. <<____
_9. Mountains will be explained in Part 4 on Continental Drift.
_9a. <Show MI crater>
_9b. <Show map of basin locations>
_9c.
HTML http://www.fortunebay.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/michiganbasin-cross-big.jpg
_9d.
HTML http://images.slideplayer.com/5/1507022/slides/slide_12.jpg
_9e. <Show map of various continental sediments>
_9f. <Show map of continents with & without sediments>
_10. <<____
_10a. <<____
_10b. <<____
_10c. <<____
_10d. <<____
_10f. <<____
11. Criticisms from The Talk.Origins Archive(11) <<____<Dating
in Part 2>
HTML http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/geocolumn
(11) <<____<Dating in Part 2>
_(11a) Sedimentation Rate & Orbital Cycles
(Argument:) The Cretaceous Carlile shale consists of sands and
shales. Fourier analysis of the Niobrara laminations reveals
that they vary in thickness according to the periodicities of
the earth's long-term orbital cycles (Fischer, 1993, p.
263-295).
A:
_(11b) Multi-Year-Old Organisms Fossilized
--(11b1) Oncolite Algae Growth
(Argument:) There are also oncolites, an algal growth on shells
after the animals die which took time to grow (Wardlaw and
Reinson, 1971, p. 1762) . An excellent example of an oncolite is
shown in figure 58 of Dean and Fouch (1983, p. 123) . It says:
"Cross section of an oncolite developed around a gastropod-shell
nucleus from Ore Lake, Michigan. Concentric layering is the
result of annual couplets of porous and dense laminae.)
A:
--(11b2) Multi-Year-Old Coccolith Growth
(Argument:) The Greenhorn limestone is made mostly of
coccoliths, small skeletal remains approximately 3-5 micrometers
in diameter about 40 ft thick, 16 ledge-forming, burrowed
limestone beds separated by thin shales. The coccoliths had to
grow in the water, then die and fall to the bottom; then
organisms had to burrow into the sediment; then when coccoliths
were not as productive, shale was deposited, separating the
limestone beds, all requiring still water.
A:
--(11b3) Multi-Year-Old Stromatolites
(Argument:) The Duperow formation has stromatolites (limestone
rocks deposited by daily increments of limestone from algae on a
shallow (less than 30 feet) sea bottom (Burke, 1982, p. 554;
Altschuld and Kerr, 1983, p. 104) .
A:
_(11c) No Fossil Organisms Like Today's
(Argument:) The upper Jurassic Continental Morrison formation
has footprints (Stokes, 1957, p. 952-954) , fossil soil profiles
(Mantzios, 1989, p. 1166) , mammals, plants, some coal (Brown,
1946, p 238-248) huge dinosaurs and smaller ones. The animals
and plants are different from anything alive today.
A:
HTML http://creation.com/werner-living-fossils
-
HTML http://creation.com/modern-birds-with-dinosaurs
_(11d) Dolomite Overheating
(Argument:) 1300 feet of Bighorn Dolomite can not be Great Flood
deposits because each gram of carbonate gives off about 1207
kilocalories per mole (Whittier et al, 1992, p. 576) . To
deposit these beds in one year requires that the energy emitted
by each meter squared would be 278 times that received by the
sun.
A:
_(11e) Delicate Fossils
(Argument:) There are also abundant fecal pellets and feeding
traces (Hattin, 1971, p. 412-431; Savrda and Bottjer, 1993, p.
263-295) [and other delicate fossils].
A:
_(11f) Too Many Similar Fossils
--(11f1) Too Much Bioclastic Limestone
(Argument:) The lower part of the Devonian formations consist of
bioclastic limestone, and the upper part interbedded carbonate
with anhydrite.
A:
HTML http://creation.com/can-flood-geology-explain-thick-chalk-beds
-
HTML https://creation.com/images/pdfs/tj/j10_1/j10_1_107-113.pdf
-
HTML http://creation.com/grand-canyon-limestone-fast-or-slow-deposits
- ?
HTML http://creation.com/not-ancient-reefs-but-catastrophic-deposits
--(11f2) Too Many Crinoids
(Argument:) The Mississippian Madison group largely consists of
dead crinoid parts. (Clark and Stearn, 1960, pp. 86-88) : The
upper Mission Canyon formation or the Livingstone formation (of
Alberta) is a massive limestone formation composed of sand-sized
particles of calcium carbonate, fragments of crinoid plates, and
shells broken by the waves. The Madison sea must have been
shallow, and the waves and currents strong, to break the shells
and plates of the animals when they died. The sorting of the
calcite grains and the cross-bedding are additional evidence of
waves and currents at work. The Livingstone limestone may be
calculated to represent at least 10,000 cubic miles of broken
crinoid plates, enough crinoids to cover the entire earth to a
depth of 3 inches, but only a small part of a vast Mississippian
crinoid bed that almost does cover the world (Morton, 1984, p.
26-27), U.S., Canada, England, Belgium, European Russia, Egypt,
Libya, central Asia, and Australia.
A:
_(11g) Non-Flood Sorting of Sediments & Fossils
--(11g1) The geologic column is not sorted by ecological zones.
The Silurian Interlake, Devonian Prairie, Pennsylvanian
Minnelusa and Jurassic Morisson formations are continental
deposits. Oceanic deposits sandwich these beds. The ocean came
and went many times.
A:
--(11g2) The Pierre shale has marine reptile bones concentrated
in the Sharon Springs member, not sorted as Morris would assume
by ecological zonation.
A:
--(11g3) The geologic column is not divided by hydrodynamic
sorting.
A:
--(11g4) Fossil mammals are not found with the earliest
dinosaurs & no primates are found until the Ft. Union formation
or that no full dinosaur skeletons are found in the Tertiary
section, implies strongly that the column was not the result of
a single cataclysm. Worldwide, no whales are found with the
large Devonian fish. If the column was an ecological burial
pattern, then whales and porpoises should be buried with the
fish.
A:
--(11g5) The Paleozoic corals belong to one of three groups -
only one of which is found in Mesozoic rocks; the other two
became extinct at the end of the Paleozoic. The four-sided
corals are only found in the Paleozoic. Modern corals of the
6-sided or 8-sided kind are not found until the Triassic.
A:
--(11g6) Permian pollen is found in the salt; modern pollen is
not found (Wilgus and Holser, 1984, p. 765,766) .
A:
HTML http://creation.com/pollen-paradox
_(11h) Impossibility of Geocolumn Deposition in Short Timespan
There is no way to have the whole column be deposited in a
single year.
A:
_(11i) Too Much Evaporites [They aren't evaporites; they're
magma deposits]
--(11i1) The Opeche shale in the center of the basin, at its
deepest part, is 300 feet of salt covering 188,400 square
kilometers.
A: __[How fast could brine dry out between tsunamis? Or could it
dry out under a load of salty limestone?]
--(11i2) The Silurian Interlake formation consists of
carbonates, anhydrite, salt, with minor amounts of sand &
throughout this deposit are also burrows and mudcracks from
drying out of the layers (Lobue, 1983, p. 36,37) .
A: __[If each megatsunami came a few weeks apart, would it be
enough time to dry out & form mudcracks, anhydrite, salt etc?]
--(11i3) Anhydrite is an evaporitic mineral not compatible with
a global flood. The next Devonian bed is the Prairie Evaporite.
It consists of dolomite, salt, gypsum, anhydrite and potash.
These are generally considered evaporitic and thus incompatible
with deposition during a worldwide flood (Gerhard, Anderson and
Fischer, 1990, p. 515) .
A: __[Were there heat sources during the cataclysm & enough time
between tsunamis for significant evaporation?]
--(11i4) There is also salt cementation with salt deposited in
the fractures and crevices in the rock. Halite plugged burrows
are also found.
A: __[Could the source of salt be like the brine lake under the
Gulf of Mexico carried by tsunamis?]
--(11i5) The Triassic Spearfish formation contains the Pine Salt
Bed, some gypsum and highly oxidized sands and shales, found in
modern arid environments, gypsum being an evaporitic mineral
(Wilmarth, 1938, p. 2037) . There are conglomerates in which the
Mississippian rocks were deposited, hardened, then eroded and
fragments deposited in the Spearfish redbeds. (Francis, 1956, p.
18)
A: __[How long does it take gypsum to dry out in air, or under
overburden?]
--(11i6) The early oceanic sediments are covered by desert
deposits of the Prairie Evaporite, Interlake, and Minnelusa
formations. Oncolites found in the Interlake prove that these
deposits took some time to be deposited. There are 11 separate
salt beds scattered through four ages: 2 Jurassic Salt beds, 1
Permian salt bed, 7 Mississippian salt beds, and one thick
Devonian salt. Half of these salt beds are up to 200 feet thick.
The top Mississippian salt is 96% pure sodium chloride! Since
they are sandwiched between other sediments, to explain them on
the basis of a global, one-year flood, requires a mechanism by
which undersaturated sea water can dump its salt. If the sea
were super-saturated during the flood, then no fish would have
survived.
A: __[Would these salt deposits all be from undersea brine
lakes?]
--(11i7) The Minnelusa formation contains three features
incompatible with the flood: dolomite with desiccation cracks;
two anhydrite layers with a peculiar "chicken-wire" structure
(Achauer, 1982, p. 195) ; cross-bedding identical to modern
desert dunes; "chicken-wire" anhydrite only forms above 35
degree C. and near the water table (Hsu, 1972, p. 30) . This
type of anhydrite is deposited in the Persian Gulf area today.
A: __[Would a few weeks time between tsunamis be enough time to
produce these effects?]
--(11i8) The erosional layers and the evaporative salt requires
much more time than a single year to account for the whole
column.
A: __[Is that true?]
_(11j) Slow-Settling Particles
--(11j1) The Bakken formation is an organic rich shale that
required tranquil, even stagnant, oxygen-poor water.
A: __[Could enough stagnant water have been available between
tsunamis to produce this organic matter?]
--(11j2) The 200 feet of pure coccolith chalks of the Niobrara
and the bentonite deposits also require a lot of time. A chalk
particle, 2 microns in radius, takes about 80 days to fall
through only 300 feet of very still water.
A:
--(11j3) Some of the smaller volcanic ash particles in the
bentonites could take even longer to fall through 100 m in water
than the coccoliths.
__[Would chalk or ash particles settle quickly if the water were
saturated with them?]
A:
HTML http://creation.com/can-flood-geology-explain-thick-chalk-beds
-
HTML https://creation.com/images/pdfs/tj/j10_1/j10_1_107-113.pdf
--(11j4) The Dakota formation has numerous borings, relatively
pure volcanic ash layers (Lane, 1963, p. 229-256) . If the ash
layers occurred during a raging flood, they would have been
thoroughly mixed with other sediment.
A: __[Was the ash sealed in by the shale layer above it?]
--(11j5) The black shale with very small particle size requires
quiet, tranquil waters for deposition.
A: __[JB says that is false.]
--(11j6) The Ordovician Winnipeg formation is very similar to
the Deadwood "suggesting that the Deadwood Sandstone may be a
source for the Winnipeg Sandstone" (Bitney, 1983, p. 1330) by
local erosion rather than a world wide catastrophe.
A: __[The two sandstones are 145 ft apart vertically. Would the
two basal layers have been deposited by successive tsunamis?]
_(11k) Impact Signs vs Flood
The Hell Creek formation is the last Cretaceous deposit. It has
sands and shales, with dinosaurs and Cretaceous style mammals.
And it contains the famous iridium anomaly from the K/T meteor
impact. In 1984, the iridium in a 3 centimeter layer was about
12 nannograms / gram (ng/g) and in the other layers it was
undetectable. Just below the iridium anomaly there is a ratio of
1 pollen grain to every fern spore. At the iridium anomaly, the
angiosperm pollen practically disappears, the ratio being 100
fern spore to every angiosperm pollen grain, as if the
angiosperm plants disappeared (Smit and Van der Kaars, 1984, p.
1177-1179) . Why would a global flood cause fern/pollen and
iridium to alter in a way that would mimic an asteroid impact?
(Kamo and Krogh, 1995, p. 281-284; Nichols et al., 1986, p.
714-717)
A: __[Maybe there were impacts during the floods.]
_(11l) Fossils of Slow-Growing Trees
- The Fort Union formation is the first Tertiary deposit. It
cannot be the flood deposit. It has standing fossilized tree
stumps (Hickey, 1977, p. 10) .
The Golden Valley Formation has tree trunk molds. This means
that the trees had time to rot away before they were buried by
the next layer, meaning that this layer took some time to be
deposited. (Hickey, 1977, p. 68-72,90-92,168)
A: __[Didn't the roots break off in tsunamis?]
_(11m) Missing Sediments
--(11m1) There is no sand, or shale [in a sequence], so it is
hard to see how this could be the flood deposits.
A: __[Is it because tsunamis likely came from different
directions at different times during the cataclysm, picking up &
dropping different materials?]
--(11m2) The Devonian Dawson Bay formation is a carbonate which
shows evidence of subaerial erosion (Pound, 1988, p. 879; Dunn,
1983, p. 79,85) which can't be created under flood waters.
A: __[Could the limestone have been eroded between tsunamis?]
REFERENCES & NOTES
_11. <<____<Dating in Part 2>
_11a. <<____
_11b1. <<____
_11b2. <<____
_11b3. <<____
_11c. <<____
_11d. <<____
_11e. <<____
_11f1. <<____
_11f2. <<____
_11g1. <<____
_11g2. <<____
_11g3. <<____
_11g4. <<____
_11g5. <<____
_11g6. <<____
_11h. <<____
_11i. <<____
_11i1. <<____
_11i2. <<____
_11i3. <<____
_11i4. <<____
_11i5. <<____
_11i6. <<____
_11i7. <<____
_11i8. <<____
_11j1. <<____
_11j2. <<____
_11j3. <<____
_11j4. <<____
_11j5. <<____
_11j6. <<____
_11k. <<____
_11l. <<____
_11m1. <<____
_11m2. <<____
#Post#: 117--------------------------------------------------
Re: DRAFT: Sed Strata from Megatsunamis
By: Admin Date: February 10, 2017, 1:39 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
==2_ C14 Dating Diamonds
- D: why would anyone talk about carbon dating something like a
diamond? That makes NO sense. It's ONLY useful for dating things
that we know were once alive. It tells us with incredible
accuracy, up to 50,000 years (with current precision of
measurement but it may increase with newer technology) , how
long ago the living cells in a material stopped continually
replenishing their C14 content, i.e. when they DIED. Based
strictly on the carbon dating of formerly living things and
disregarding mounds of other evidence, we know factually that
there were living things walking the Earth 50,000+ years ago.
Erosion Rate & Seafloor Sediments
- Re: One of the best evidence is coastal and continental
erosion. At the current rates of erosion the continents would
all erode completely below sea level within 20 million years and
the seafloors would have deep deposits of sediment. The
seafloors have very little sediment.
- MS: That's completely incorrect. Erosion rates are nowhere
near high enough to do that. And the seafloors are made up
almost entirely of sedimentary rock, except in the
tectonically-active areas where new rock is being formed by
subsurface vulcanism.
Impact Overheating
- An impact strong enough to move the Americas by 2000 miles in
a day would have turned the planet into a glowing cinder. It
wouldn't cause a "Great Flood," as there would be no water left.
Or air. Or anything else, other than molten rock. It would send
so much crustal material into orbit that the resulting dead rock
would have a ring system. There's a good chance that the ring
material would impact the moon, creating enough "drag" to slow
its orbital speed to the point that it actually crashed back to
Earth eventually, effectively destroying both bodies.
HTML http://forum.freestateproject.org/index.php?topic=16789.msg294281#msg294281
- Those who do radioactive dating don't agree with your claims.
- Erosion rates don't even vaguely approach what you've claimed.
- Seafloors do have deep deposits of sediment.
- And an impact that could move continents would have destroyed
the planet, as far as it being anything approaching something
that could have life (and could have actually physically
destroyed the planet, turning it into an asteroid belt) .
___BASINS SUPPORT RAPID DEPOSITION
That is something Berthault's experiments apparently showed.
When tsunamis deposit strata they separate the strata according
to grain size etc. Since they are deposited simultaneously in a
megasequence they form curved strata in basins. The curves of
the strata nearly follow the curves of each basin surface,
except that each stratum is a bit thicker at the bottom than on
the sides, like this:
MOLECULAR WEIGHT; PPM IN SEAWATER; MOLAR CONCENTRATION
Silicon 28.1 4 0.000142
=2) Randall Carlson reasoned that Halloween commemorates mass
killings of people from meteorite impacts in ancient times when
there were many larger meteors in the Taurid meteor stream.
Earth crosses this stream each year in early November. Comet
Encke appears to be the largest body in that stream now,
although it takes hundreds of years to complete an orbit in this
elliptical stream. The stream could be where a planet-like body
came from that produced megatsunamis on Earth. If this body was
the Moon on a former elliptical orbit, it has been determined
that such an orbit can become circular within decades to
centuries, when there is sufficient stationary hydrogen or dust
in the vicinity. Such dust would be produced from asteroid or
meteor collisions. Also, there's evidence that Earth's
atmosphere was larger in the past, which could also have
produced enough drag on the Moon at perigee to help circularize
its orbit. We don't have enough evidence yet to decide whether
the body was likely the Moon or not.
=2) Jeremy Auldaney: February 2016.
HTML http://auldaney.blogspot.com/2016_02_01_archive.html
Trilobites in limestone are usually un-flattened in a living
position, unlike the commonly flattened fossils in shale and
slate.
DINOSAUR DEPOSITS CONTAIN SALT FROM THE OCEAN
- The Cambrian Deadwood Formation consists of a lower sandstone
with scolithos burrows widely found in similar basal sandstones
around the world.
__[- The Moine Thrust -
HTML http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/structure/assyntgeology/classic/assynt_shore/prpipes.jpg
- Closely spaced Skolithos burrows of the Tumblagooda Sandstone
can be up to 1 metre long
-
HTML http://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/Images/Community-Education/GSWA_Kalbarritracks_01_rdax_620x827.JPG<br
/>]
__[Definition of basal conglomerate. A well-sorted,
lithologically homogeneous conglomerate that forms the bottom
stratigraphic unit of a sedimentary series and that rests on a
surface of erosion, thereby marking an unconformity; esp. a
coarse-grained beach deposit of an encroaching or transgressive
sea.]
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