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MAMMOTHS
By: Admin Date: October 26, 2021, 5:55 pm
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The Mammoths' Demise - a correct solution requires more facts
[Journals] [SIS Review]
_From: SIS Chronology & Catastrophism Review 1999:1 (Jul 1999)
mby Gordon P. Williams
_The disappearance of the mammoths from the tundra of Northern
Russia and Siberia has produced many explanations from
professionals and amateurs. The purpose of this paper is to
introduce new facts into the debate. The most convincing
argument against Lyell's uniformitarianism, which has had a
controlling influence on nearly all geological explanations,
comes not from his contemporaries but from the works of the
Greek Philosophers and Roman poets. This evidence was cited by
Thomas Burnet in his argument in support of the Mosaic
chronology [1]. They say, The Poles of the World did once change
their situation, and were at first in another posture from what
they are now, till that inclination happen'd; This the Ancient
Philosophers often made mention of, as Anaxagoras, Empedocles,
Diogenes, Leucippus, Democritus [2]; as may be seen in Laertius,
and in Plutarch; and the Stars, they say, at first were carried
about the Earth in a more uniform manner. This is no more than
we have observ'd and told you in other words, namely that the
Earth chang'd its posture at the Deluge, and thereby made these
seeming changes in the Heavens; its Poles before pointed to the
Ecliptik, which now point to the Poles of the Æquator, and its
Axis is become parallel with that Axis; and this is the mystery
and interpretation of what they say in other terms; this makes
the different aspect of the Heavens, and of its Poles. And I am
apt to think, that those changes in the course of the Stars,
which the Ancients sometimes speak of, and especially the
Ægyptains, if they do not proceed from defects in their
Calender, had no other physical account than this. When the
Primæval Earth was made out of Chaos, its form and posture was
such as, of course, brought on all those Scenes which Antiquity
hath kept the remembrance of though now in another state of
Nature they seem very strange; especially being disguis'd, as
some of them are, by their odd manner of representing them. That
the Poles of the World stood once in another posture; That the
year had no diversity of Seasons; That the Torrid Zone was
uninhabitable; That the two Hemispheres had no possibility of
intercourse, and such like: These all hang on the same string;
or lean one upon the other as Stones in the same Building;
whereof we have, by this Theory, laid the very foundation bare,
that you may see what they all stand upon, and in what order'.
[3] Burnet realised that the shift of the poles would have made
possible those climatic changes noted by the Ancient Poets, a
change from a perpetual spring to a year of four seasons. Virgil
wrote [4] Non alios primâ crecentus origine mundi lluxisse dies,
aliumve habuisse tenorum, Credidderim Verillud erat, Ver magnus
agebat Orbis, & hybernus flatibus Euri. Such days the new-born
Earth enjoy'd of old, And the calm Heavens in this same tenour
rowl'd All the great World had then one constant Spring, No cold
East-winds, such as our Winters bring' On the expiry of the
Golden Age, Ovid says [5], Jupiter antiqui contraxit tempora
Veris, &c . When Jove began to reign he changed the Year, And
for one Spring four Seasons made appear. ' Velikovsky also
referred to the quarters of the World being displaced and
changes in the times and seasons [6]. In Earth in Upheaval [7]
he expanded upon this subject and included sliding continents',
changing orbit' and rotating crust'. None of these early authors
was aware that the shift of the poles was the second and lesser
of two catastrophic episodes. The geologists' insistence on the
stability of the Earth has also influenced astronomers who
maintain that there has been no radical deviation in the
behaviour of the planets of the solar system. As the poets
informed us, it was the action of Jupiter that ushered in the
change of seasons. In the full analysis it is expected that a
change of 90 deg. in the Earth's axis occurred with a shift of
the poles from an equatorial position to near their present
position. It would have been during this time that the Sun moved
on the plane of the Ecliptick' [8]. It was Venus that succeeded
Jupiter as the brightest planet at the time of the tilting of
the Earth about 3,500 years later. As to Venus, tis a remarkable
passage that St. Austin hath preserv'd out of Varro, he saith,
That about the same time of the great Deluge there was a
wonderful alteration or Catastrophe happen'd to the planet
Venus, and that she change'd her colour, form, figure, and
magnitude' [9]. To the modern geologist any suggestion that the
Earth could have changed its attitude has been, and still
unacceptable. Yet, at some time in the historical past people
saw and recorded a dramatic change in the Earth's attitude to
the heavens which, many years after the event, was recorded by
the ancient writers. Without the knowledge of the Earth's
surface that is available today they would not have had the
means to recognise the signs of Earth having tilted.
__Our Tilted Earth
_The hypothesis is the Earth did undergo a change of axis within
historical time. In accepting that a tilt occurred, evidence of
stress on the Earth's crust should be evident. Stress and
compression formations indicative of a change of Earth's axis
should be visible where changes in velocity have caused stress
within the Earth's crust [10, 11, 12].
__The Demise of the Dinosaurs
_This movement of the continental crust in response to the
stresses about the North Pole may have been the cause of the
extinction of the mammoths. In Siberia there would have been an
over-run of the continental crust as friction reduced the
crust's velocity at the position of the new North Pole. In
northern North America, friction of the oceanic sea-bed moving
beneath the American north-west coast accelerated the
continental crust. These changes could not be achieved without
considerable seismic activity. The area about the new North Pole
had been lowered by the earlier catastrophe, which had left its
mark on the morphology of the area. The depression, which had
been rapidly infilled with sediment, has since been raised by
isostatic uplift. This uplift has continued since this time
about the northern Atlantic in N. E. Canada about Hudson Bay,
Greenland, Scotland, Scandinavia and the Barents Sea as is shown
by the strand lines, so that land levels are higher now than at
the time of the seismic activity 3,500 years ago. The
sedimentary plains about the Arctic Ocean were also further from
the old site of the Pole and people lived within the present
Arctic Circle in a settlement on the Kolyna River [13], as
predicted by Velikovsky in Worlds in Collision. This now
provides the two important and previously unknown factors
affecting the demise of the mammoths - seismic activity and
sudden cooling. The prolonged seismic activity associated with
the inertial displacement occurring within the area would have
reduced the sedimentary plains through a process of liquefaction
to a vast area of quicksand'. As the liquefaction increased, the
mammoths would have become further embedded in the
water-weakened mass as they struggled to escape. The rapid
freezing came with the shift of the North Pole more than 20-deg
closer to their territory. The sketch of the Berezovka mammoth
in Cardona's Kronos article [14] appears to be a posture typical
of a large mammal struggling to avoid being trapped in
quicksand'. The action of the earthquake would have ^ so sudden
that the last mouthful of grass was still in its mouth. Numerous
other mammals may be awaiting discovery as meandering streams
expose an ever-increasing area. A continuation of this theme
would involve a study of the oceanic surges that followed the
continental displacement. These would have reached far inland
over low lying lands and contributed to the quantity of ivory
deposited on the Arctic islands. Waves would have caused more
erosion in shallow valleys and more devastation to coastal and
riverside dwellers in a brief period of encroachment and retreat
than geologists would expect in a thousand or more years.
__References
1. Burnet, Bishop T, The Sacred Theory of the Earth, (Sec. Ed.),
Printed by R Norton for Walter Ketilby, at Bishops-Head in S.
Paul's Churchyard, 1691. Reprinted 1965. 2. Ibid, Lat Treat.
lib. 2. C. 10. (Burnet's reference), Burnett, Book 2, P. 192.
3. Ibid, Book 2, P. 192-3.
4. Ibid, p. 135.
5. Ibid, p. 136.
6. Velikovsky, I, Worlds in Collision, Gollancz, 1950, Pt. 1.
Ch. V.
7. Velikovsky, I, Earth in Upheaval, Gollancz, 1955.
8. Burnet, op. cit.
9. Ibid, Bk.1 , Ch.VII, p. 128.
10. Williams, GP, Our Tilted Earth, 1993 (Available from the
author at 11 Camellia Court, 280 Grey Street, Palmerston North,
New Zealand.)
11. Williams, GP, Our Tilted Earth', C&CW 1994:1 , pp. 9-15.
12. Williams, GP, Macrogeomorphology its contribution to
analysing the shaping of South-east Asia, Australasia and the
South-west Pacific Ocean, 1997, unpublished, available from the
author.
13. Ferté, 1972, Pensée, Vol. 2, No. 2.
14. Cardona, D, The Problem of the Frozen Mammoths', Kronos,
Vol. 1, No. 4
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