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       4 = [1-3] The Supercontinent Breakup & Orogenesis
       By: Admin Date: January 7, 2017, 7:39 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       [1-3] The Supercontinent Breakup & Orogenesis
       __IMPACT: GULF OF MEXICO
       - Would you like to discuss the opening of the Gulf of Mexico
       more? I took a train ride from California to San Antonio, TX and
       from there north a couple weeks ago. I mostly noticed that
       mountain ranges were somewhat parallel to the Rio Grande at
       least from New Mexico through southern Texas.
       _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Postby webolife» Sat Nov 07, 2015
       4:55 pm
       I visualize the Gulf of Mexico as an astrobleme, although it is
       not a requirement of my earth history. By relation the Chicxulub
       event must have happened subsequently, since it overlaps the rim
       of the Gulf "crater". Putting the continents back together as
       Pangea, the gulf area is near in the central rift area of the
       opening of the fountains of the deep. I've heard the sky as deep
       or ocean theme but disagree with it. The fact of the "matar" or
       meteors/asteroids/planetoids or whatever is that we find them
       [their astroblemes] associated with every major stratum, so it
       is natural to expect they occurred the whole time of the
       flooding depositional sequence
       __YOUNGER DRYAS
       --------------------Postby Grey Cloud » Sat Dec 12, 2015 5:56 pm
       ... Just been watching this:
  HTML http://cosmictusk.com/an-extraordinary-podcast-on-the-ydb-event-hancock-and-carlson-on-joe-rogan
       - The cosmictusk site which I've only recently come across
       majors on the Younger Dryas. Lot of interesting geological stuff
       in the video. Well worth the watch IMO even if it's only to
       disagree with.
       __WORLD CONFLAGRATION
       - C.Smith, I took a very short peek at the Kloosterman paper so
       far, and it's intriguing. It looks like a conflagration was
       world-wide, instead of just mostly in North America and Europe.
       Rick Firestone and others have been finding there was an impact
       that likely caused that conflagration, but they haven't
       mentioned it being worldwide, that I know of. But this paper
       talks about the same soot layer and the same time period of
       about 12,000 years ago. I think those datings are way off; they
       should be about 4,000 years ago, I guess.
       __IMPACT
       - Something Hit the Earth (See
  HTML http://newgeology.us
       )
       AXIS RECOVERY (4,355 YEARS): summer solstices at Stonehenge,
       Amen Ra, Eodoxus show an exponential curve of recovery of the
       earth’s axis after a sudden change. The earth’s axis had once
       been almost upright, but it had suddenly changed to a 26½
       degrees tilt, from which it had been wobbling back to its
       present mean tilt of 23½ degrees (Science Magazine, May 15,
       1970). Dodwell concluded that something "struck" the earth at
       that time, 2345 BC.
       =========================Postby Lloyd » Wed Nov 04, 2015 9:51 pm
       __IMPACT
       ... Jonathan Gray ... mentioned that the Earth appeared to have
       gotten hit by something some 4,000 years ago, which moved its
       axis from 90 degrees, the vertical axis position, to 26 1/2
       degrees less than 90 and which has more gradually come back to
       its present position of 23 1/2 degrees less than 90. I don't
       think Gray mentioned what might have hit the Earth at that time,
       but that's where Mike Fisher comes in with his newgeology.us
       site. He determined what did hit us and where and how big it was
       and that it broke up the supercontinent, producing rapid
       continental drift. Webb has said that rapid continental drift
       took some months to move the continents to near their present
       positions, but Fisher says it took only 26 hours [&] occurred
       about 10,000 years ago ...
       __IMPACT
       Lloyd, Think i've read where you were proposing a cataclysmic
       impact east of Madagascar ?
       Here is a "recently published" gravity map of the Indian Ocean
       from new satellite data. Obviously their time frames and
       tectonic dynamics are center -mainstream, but the image detail
       is impressive.
  HTML http://eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/87000/87276/triplejunction_gis_2014_lrg.png
       article-
  HTML http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=87276&src=eoa-iotd
       --------------------Postby Grey Cloud » Wed Jan 20, 2016 7:40 pm
       Grey Cloud has read many native American stories, N,S and
       Central; many of them flood stories, many of them sunken
       (is)land stories; many of them etiological; none had dates. Grey
       Cloud also recalls that very many of these peoples did not
       originate anywhere near where they resided in historical times
       or the present. e.g (off the top of my head) the Apache are said
       to have originated somewhere near the 46th(?) parallel. Way up
       north anyway. Grey Cloud has much respect for Gitche Manitou,
       Tirawa, Wakan Tanka and all the rest. Grey Cloud's nickname is
       not entirely frivolous.
       And lest we forget, the Americas form a large part of the
       world's surface but they are not all of it so even if all the N
       American stories related to the same event it would still not
       prove a global deluge.
       Lovely story from the Lenape there. Creation myth with
       destruction myth tagged on the end, similar to the Sumerian.
       Lots of motifs common to creation myths generally, e.g. 4
       pillars (grandfathers, four elements and their associations (so
       much for Empedocles inventing them according to the experts),
       world carried on the back of a turtle as per India (and Terry
       Pratchett).
       P.S. The Skidi/Pawnee are a personal favourite.
       --------------------Postby Roshi » Fri Jan 22, 2016 3:39 am
       China even has a date for the great flood:
  HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Flood_%28China%29
       The Great Flood of Gun-Yu, also known as the Gun-Yu myth
       (traditional Chinese: 洪水),[1] was a major flood
       event that continued for at least two generations, which
       resulted in great population displacements among other
       disasters, such as storms and famine. People left their homes to
       live on the high hills and mounts, or nest on the trees.[2]
       According to mythological and historical sources, it is
       traditionally dated to the third millennium BCE, during the
       reign of Emperor Yao.
       It was during the reign of Emperor Yao that the Great Flood
       began, a flood so vast that no part of Yao's territory was
       spared, and both the Yellow River and the Yangtze valleys
       flooded.[7] The alleged nature of the flood is shown in the
       following quote:
       “ Like endless boiling water, the flood is pouring forth
       destruction. Boundless and overwhelming, it overtops hills and
       mountains. Rising and ever rising, it threatens the very
       heavens. How the people must be groaning and suffering!
       Even a map:
       A depiction of the system of the zhou, or "islands" (now
       reinterpreted as "provinces"), a system which Shun is credited
       with developing as a tool to allow political administration of a
       territory with ongoing flooding making normal communications
       impossible, although the number and locations of zhou have
       varied over time
       And an interesting painting of Nuwa and Fuxi:
  HTML https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anonymous-Fuxi_and_N%C3%BCwa.jpg
       --------------------Postby Grey Cloud » Tue Feb 23, 2016 6:58 pm
       __IMPACT
       - From
  HTML http://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Screenshot-2016-01-26-20.51.45.png
       - Molleson, Theya. “The Ordinary Neolithic People of Abu
       Hureyra.” Fresh Fields and Pastures New: Papers Presented in
       Honor of Andrew MT Moore (2016): 187:
  HTML https://www.scribd.com/doc/295110080/16/The-Ordinary-Neolithic-People-of-Abu-Hureyra
       - It's about an asteroid or comet impact.
       __DATING CRATERS
       2. I just read that the rim of Wolfe Creek Crater in Australia,
       I think, and the rim of Mare Imbrium on the Moon both have high
       thorium content. I assume the thorium was transmuted from a more
       common element during thermonuclear explosion during impacts.
       ... I don't know if thorium is common in many, most, or all
       impact crater rims.
       =========================Postby Lloyd » Sun Dec 27, 2015 11:01
       pm
       __PRE-FLOOD YEAR
       The Corpse Came Back: Secrets of that Forgotten World after the
       Great Disaster, by Jonathan Gray
  HTML https://books.google.com/books?id=vvjcyeEzyG8C
       p. 84 PYRAMID AND STONEHENGE MYSTERIES SOLVED
       The ancient world surveyors had more on their minds than the
       earth's energy grid. - The calendar had to be re-calculated. The
       ancient calendars, you see, had the year at 360 days long. - It
       is from this number that is obtained the division of a circle,
       and the earth being divided into 360 degrees. - The ancient
       Chinese calendar was a 12-month year of 30 days each. -
       Babylonian records likewise show a year of 12 months of 30 days
       each. The old star maps had the sun moving through a path
       divided into 36 sections, each 10 days long. - The earliest
       Romans also had a year of 360 days. Plutarch, in his life of
       Numa, declared that in the time of Romulus the year was composed
       of twelve 30 day months. - The Mayan year (called a "tun") was
       of 360 days. - The Aryabhaitya, an ancient Indian work on
       mathematics and astronomy, says: "A year consists of 12 months.
       A month consists of 30 days. A day consists of 60 nadis. A nadi
       consists of 60 vinadikas." - The original Egyptian year was
       likewise 360 days long, according to the Ebers Papyrus.
       =========================Postby Lloyd » Sun Dec 27, 2015 2:58 pm
       __POST-FLOOD YEAR
       post-Flood 365¼ day year, and NOT the pre-Flood 360 day year.
       The ancient Chinese, Babylonian, Roman, Mayan, Indian and
       Egyptian calendars were 360 days long. But later, every nation
       changed its calendar.
       This website seems to be a good source for those as well as for
       related Bible passages:
  HTML http://360dayyear.com/
       --------------------Postby Grey Cloud » Fri Dec 18, 2015 7:23 pm
       __EARTH'S TILT
       A point I meant to pick up on from one of your earlier posts -
       the Earth's tilt. I agree that the Earth gained its tilt due to
       one of these incidents. (This seems to be taken as a given in
       Hermetic Philosophy). I think we may disagree as when this was.
       I can't find your comment but I recall it as referring or
       alluding to something biblical(?). Anyway, I'm thinking of the
       alignments of various ancient constructions to particular points
       in the sky or on the horizon. Would not these alignments be off
       if the tilt had occurred after they were built/erected?
       _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Postby webolife» Mon Dec 21, 2015
       9:10 pm
       __EARTH'S TILT
       I generally agree with your points here. I definitely believe
       that the tilting event occurred before the monuments were built,
       and relate this to the biblical record of the flood event. As a
       starting point, prior to the flood seasons were marked
       specifically by reference to the stars and moon; but after the
       flood seasons were declared to be climate/weather related,
       suggestive that the tilting event was in conjunction with the
       events of the flood year.
       --------------------Postby Grey Cloud » Wed Dec 23, 2015 9:24 am
       __KT BOUNDARY
       essay by geologist Han Kloosterman:
  HTML http://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Kloosterman-Usselo-Article.pdf
       --------------------Postby seasmith » Wed Dec 23, 2015 4:26 pm
       Grey Cloud, Good find indeed. Sir Hoyle's timeline, backed up by
       his pedigree in astronomy, has always seemed a very reasonable
       perspective to me; and your cited paper by Hans Kloosterman
       certainly reaffirms the impression.
  HTML http://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Kloosterman-Usselo-Article.pdf
       thank you Rens too...
       __SUPERCONTINENT BREAKUP
       - SHOCK DYNAMICS
       =========================Postby Lloyd » Tue Dec 08, 2015 8:47 pm
       __SUPERCONTINENT BREAKUP
       - High Speed Continents. Gordon said: I have difficulty
       accepting the friction-free mechanism of the SD. Gordon, have
       you read up on long runout underwater landslides that Mike
       referenced? Why would that not apply to sliding continents? Mike
       said a similar long runout landslide was seen on Mars. And why
       could not the continents have slid on the Moho layer? Charles
       says that layer is plasma about one meter thick. Wouldn't plasma
       be nearly frictionless? Charles says racetrack playa rocks also
       slide due to electrical levitation of the rocks during windy
       episodes. Those are very low friction events. In my last reply
       to Mike I asked what it is, if anything, that might make it
       impossible that the continents could have moved apart in more
       than 26 hours. So I hope to find out if he has a strong argument
       for that or not.
       __CONTINENTAL DRIFT
       [the drift episode], which I take to be 5 months based on the
       record. It is funny to hear you describe the 5 months as too
       slow!! And besides, the biblical record directly states that the
       period of the "matar" ended at the 150 day mark. I don't think
       you can be so confident about the lack of friction in the Moho,
       and sheer inertia considerations stretch the imagination to
       accept your speeds. The slowing of the drift toward the end, due
       to the friction that also produced the Andes and Rockies, etc.
       is consistent with the formation of the volcanic chains after
       the uplift. The hot spot under the Hawaiian chain is also
       consistent with the Pacific being squeezed from both sides
       during the drift event.
       __- 6. CONTINENTAL DRIFT
       LK: Do you agree with Walter Brown's Hydroplate theory as the
       explanation for rapid continental drift?
       I don't see much plausibility for the underground chambers of
       water. Do you?
       GW: I taught from a standard text written back in the late 70s
       that made the claim that enough water is outgassed in volcanic
       eruptions to account for all of the world's oceans. I've been
       influenced by that statement, and can go with chambers or levels
       or layers or fissures/vents from the mantle or any other means
       by which water may have erupted out. But in my flood view, the
       water that already existed in the early seas is practically
       sufficient to have done the flood work via tsunami-type action.
       LK: I don't think it would be possible for underground chambers
       of water to exist 10 miles down, because the rock is plastic,
       according to the Kola borehole findings. It became too plastic
       to drill through at 7 miles. I guess things could've been
       different before the flood.
       Brown's Hydroplate theory explains continental drift as
       underground water chambers ten miles deep caving in and the
       pressure blowing out at the ocean ridges, which were previously
       part of the supercontinent.
       CC: I don't see the evidence of large amounts of water coming
       out of the mid-ocean ridges.
       LK: Gordon, have you done or seen calculations that support the
       Hydroplate theory?
       - Do you agree with Brown's idea about underground chambers
       filled with water that caved in and sprayed water and rock
       through the spreading centers?
       - What's wrong with Fisher's theory that continental drift
       occurred within a 26 hour period?
       - If continental drift took 5 months, the continents would have
       moved at only 1 mph or less. Where would the force be applied to
       the continents for that lengh of time?
       GW: I'm intrigued by it [Hydroplate theory?]. It would fit my
       model well if further confirmed. I'm not requiring the cave-ins
       but it's a good idea. I go with inertia after the initial
       drift-ignition event, Friction and inertia in some mix after
       that.
       CC: I go with Fischer's theory of an impact that generated the
       momentum. I also favor rapid mountain building, instead of
       gradualism, just because one cannot say that the crust is oh so
       plastic, and then say that mountains could have been gradually
       built up -- if the crust was that plastic, the leveling process
       would have kept up with the mountain building, so clearly, the
       moutain building was on a faster pace.
       GW: Good point, it is also for this reason I don't believe
       subduction is required to explain boundary mountains and
       trenches.
       CC: I have a totally different idea of subduction. I don't think
       (like the mainstream) that the oceanic crust is falling because
       it is cooler -- it's actually warmer than the mid-ocean ridges.
       But I don't go with the "all over in an instant" model of
       Fischer's. Rather, I think that the impact event got things
       moving, but then I think that each earthquake in the subduction
       zone causes the next one. The energy sources that heat up the
       crust result in expansion. When traction is re-established after
       the rupture, the cooling then exerts a tensile force on the
       crust, pulling it toward the fault. This is why the rifts form
       in the back arcs.
       LK: CC, have you written anything yet about earthquakes during
       the continental drift event?
       CC: Do you mean in the initial event (i.e., Fischer's "bad day
       in Madagascar" event)?
       LK: I mean during the entire episode of continental drift,
       mostly the Americas moving from Africa and Europe to about 3,000
       miles west.
       CC: No, I haven't treated that at all -- I think that Fischer
       has the right bacic idea, and until/if/when I've done a great
       deal more studying, I couldn't expect to improve on his work. I
       just don't think that it was all over in 26 hours -- I think
       that the initial impact got things going, but then the
       heating/cooling process at the faults helped keep things going.
       LK: So the earthquakes you were talking about above are the
       current ones that do very minor continental drifting.
       CC: Yes -- it's just a couple of centimeters at a time for a
       "normal" earthquake, is that right, Gordon?
       GW: Yes, Charles, with some noteable exceptions: the
       quake/tsunami in Japan, the quake tsunami in Indonesia, the 1964
       Anchorage quake/tsunami, et.al.
       CC: OK, so I can see how the momentum, which when averaged out
       is just millimeters per year, could have been initiated by an
       impact event. But I don't believe that the event could have
       accelerated the continents to the speed that Fischer says, nor
       do I see what could have brought them to such an abrupt stop.
       LK: I like Mike's explanation of fluidization as being involved.
       He said it's like landslides along continental slopes, where the
       rock slides horizontally for long distances [on the seafloor].
       GW: I'm dubious on fluidization as the mechanism... heat
       increases friction and vice-versa. Am I just plain wrong about
       heat and friction?
       Regardless, I believe that friction between the cont plate and
       ocean plates of the Pacific caused the slowdown and the
       mountain/trench building orogenies.
       LK: Heat reduces friction and there may be ionization too.
       - Gordon, that's what Mike says too, that friction is what
       caused the continents to slow down and heat up, causing mountain
       building.
       CC: In my model, the lithosphere slides on a frictionless Moho,
       which is a thin (1 meter) layer of supercritical fluid, which is
       compressible, and frictionless. So tectonic motion doesn't
       require mantle plumes, nor the energy sufficient to fight
       friction at the crust/mantle boundary.
       [LK: Mike referred to the Moho too.]
       **CC: But this doesn't mean that the continents could have
       shifted thousands of kilometers in a day in my model. Mountains
       have roots, and moving the continents rapidly WOULD have forced
       friction. So in my model, electric currents in the Moho keep it
       molten (or rather, supercritical), but when mountain roots start
       pressing against the mantle, the tectonic motion has to wait for
       the electric currents to melt the rock. (I'll elaborate on that
       if you want.)
       GW: Mountain roots are originating at the same time as the
       buildup, due to isostasy.
       CC: Yes, but what I'm saying is that irregularities in the
       underside of the crust match up with complementary
       irregularities in the mantle. Then, for plate shifting to occur,
       one and/or the other has to undergo deformation. My problem with
       that is that it would take more energy than seems available. So
       I'm saying that the Moho is 1 meter thick, and hot enough to be
       supercritical. And it has an electric current in it. If plate
       shifting occurs, the irregularities don't match up quite so
       well, and that 1-meter gap gets reduced. The bad news is that
       the crust starts to run the risk of "running aground" as it
       shifts on the mantle.
       [LK: You mean running aground during the major continental drift
       event?
       CC: No -- I'm talking about the minor events, as we see today.]
       The good news is that the reduced gap forces more electric
       current through a smaller area, which produces more heat. So
       suppose there used to be a consistent 1-meter gap between the
       crust and the mantle. But then the crust shifted. Now the
       irregularities (e.g., mountain roots) result in there being only
       a 1/2 meter gap between the crust and the mantle. But then that
       heats up, and melts the rock, re-establishing the gap, and
       preventing the [ship-wise] "grounding".
       LK: Charles, wouldn't the supercontinent have had a root in the
       mantle with the Moho between them there too?
       GW: ??why?
       CC: Yes.
       LK: So if a water chamber were down there, it wouldn't blow out
       at the thicker part of the supercontinent, would it? Or wasn't
       it so thick? Did there have to be a weakness in the
       supercontinent for the Americas to split off?
       GW: But due to the aplasticity of the crust the mountainforming
       "front" end is also more brittle, with many fissures and faults,
       thus we see the subsequent formation of the volcanic chains at
       those locations. Thicker but weaker, that's why I noted above
       that the roots are of the same nature as the mountains, with the
       notable difference that due to the same forces you are referring
       to much melting is occuring there, producing magmas and the like
       which extrude into the weak upper crust.
       CC: Hang on right there...
       I also have a totally different idea on volcanoes. I don't think
       that high pressure magma can get forced up through cracks in the
       crust. Rather, I think that cracks in the crust, which are
       common around faults due to the inelastic deformation, enable
       electric currents. A microfracture just 1 nano-meter wide can
       drop the electrical resistance of granite, from over 2
       mega-ohms, down to about 300 olms. The result is an electric
       current, and then can melt the rock, due to ohmic heating. And
       I'm convinced that such electric currents, between the surface
       and the Moho (or at least between the ground table and the Moho)
       are what open up magma tubes. If it were not for that, there
       wouldn't be the concentration of heat into a tubelike structure
       that could create such a vent, since heat propagates outward
       radially. And high-pressure rock is a fair thermal conductor.
       (Cooler rock is a poor conductor.) But what we're seeing is a
       vertical shaft, from the Moho to the surface. This is not a
       characteristic of thermodynamics, but it IS a characteristic of
       electric currents.
       - The significance of this is huge. Take the worst case scenario
       -- Yellowstone. There is no known way to prevent volcanic
       eruptions, much less at supervolcanoes. But what if it is an
       electric current that is generating the heat to pressurize the
       magma chamber? All we have to do is go about 100 km away, and
       drill a bore hole about 5 km deep, which will attract all of the
       telluric currents in the area, because it will fill up with
       highly conductive ground water. With no electric currents
       flowing through the magma chamber at Yellowstone, it will cool
       down, and eventually freeze over -- problem solved. A bore hole
       5 km deep would cost about 20 million dollars to drill, which is
       within reach for humankind. So there's a practical way to
       prevent a mass extinction event.
       GW: I'm not concerned so much with the mechanism; what you are
       saying is plausible. But the geography shows that generally
       volcanoes form not in the heights of the mount ranges [some
       exceptions] but on the lowland adjacent to the ranges
       CC: Volcanoes occur where there is crustal deformation. I'm
       saying that the deformation creates the microfractures that
       enable the flow of electric currents. So under a given stress,
       it would make sense that the mountains do not undergo
       deformation, since they're thicker. A rigid material will always
       fail where it is thinnest. So the crust next to the mountains
       gets the deformation.
       GW: I'm ok with that explanation.
       CC: BTW, I'm saying that this is the same mechanism that causes
       earthquakes -- tectonic pressure causes crustal buckling, and
       then currents can flow through the microfractures. The current
       heats the crust, which causes more tectonic pressure, which
       increases the buckling. Thus it's a positive feedback loop,
       resulting in a rapid increase in pressure, which causes the
       rupture. The surface heating prior to the rupture cannot be
       explained as deformation, since it's elastic.
       ====================postby Lloyd » Sat Apr 02, 2016 9:37 pm
       __CONTINENTAL DRIFT CENTURIES AFTER THE GREAT FLOOD
       - Continental Drift During Or Long After the Flood?
       - Gordon, I think you stated earlier on this thread that an
       unusually large impact off east Africa caused months-long rapid
       continental drift, which caused the Great Flood and mountain
       uplift during the latter phase of the Flood. Is this correct?
       - But weren't there a lot of plants and animals, including
       mammoths, suddenly frozen in the Arctic after the Flood? How
       could they have survived in the Arctic during and shortly after
       the Flood? Why would the Flood not have drowned all of them and
       buried them under sediment? And would it not have taken a few
       centuries for life to return to the Arctic after the Flood?
       - Do you agree that the Flood had to occur on the
       supercontinent, before it split up, because the rock and fossil
       types on opposite shores of the Atlantic Ocean match up well? If
       the Flood had occurred after continental drift ended, the rock
       and fossil types on opposite shores would not line up well at
       all. Right? If continental drift took several months to get the
       continents to near their present locations, they would have been
       moving under 2 miles per hour. Long runout underwater landslides
       move much faster than that when they move horizontally on the
       seafloor. Don't they? If they moved too slowly, friction would
       quickly stop them. Right? Same with continents. Moving too
       slowly, the friction would not allow them to move so far.
       - So, for those reasons, Mike Fischer's and Baumgardner's
       suggestions for the sequence of catastrophes seems most
       reasonable to me. Baumgardner implied that a large body orbited
       the Earth 5 or 6 times during the Flood on a long ellipse, which
       raised very high tsunamis once a month laying down sediment
       deposits each month with unconformities between them. Fischer
       puts the impact, continental drift and mountain uplift a few
       centuries after the Flood, when plants and animals have had time
       to repopulate the Arctic and then drift movement toward the pole
       resulted in the sudden freezing. If drift had taken a few months
       time, animals would have had time to leave the Arctic before the
       continents moved into the bitter cold region. Am I overlooking
       something important?
       - By the way, Gordon, your info about climate being universally
       warm from the Cambrian down to the early Pleiocene, after which
       seasons set in, seems very significant. I'm glad to know about
       that.
       ____________________Postby webolife » Mon Apr 04, 2016 2:33 am
       - From Cambrian UP to the Pleistocene.
       - I'm ok with the Madagascar impact suggestion, but I wasn't the
       one who made it. The months long drift episode works for me,
       although I'm friendly toward additional small "spurts" of drift
       after the main flood events; the other timelines don't fit well
       in my model.
       - The friction issue is problematic, but speed doesn't help the
       problem, rather exacerbates it I think. There are too many
       unknowns to feasibly evaluated the various theories, even for
       standard continental drift timelines... we have a
       fingernail-growth slow rate today, due most reasonably to
       "braking" friction. How things happened before that [and how
       fast] is conjectural... I'm happy with the several months.
       __SEAFLOOR MAGNETIC STRIPING
       Webpage: Fossil Magnetism Reveals Rapid Reversals of the Earth's
       Magnetic Field:
  HTML https://answersingenesis.org/astronomy/earth/fossil-magnetism-reveals-rapid-reversals-of-earth-magnetic-field/.<br
       />Since Continental Drift occurred during the Great Flood and
       largely caused it, the magnetic reversals on the seafloors must
       have occurred rapidly too ...
       __OROGENY & VULCANISM
       - The idea that vulcanism occurred after the flood subsided, 5
       months after the impact, is interesting. I suppose with all the
       heat built up from the continental sliding, vulcanism and
       mountain uplift and subsidence would have been natural. ...
       ====================postby Lloyd » Thu Mar 31, 2016 10:47 pm
       __OROGENY CENTURIES AFTER THE FLOOD
       - The Great Flood
       In the thread, Archaeological Find Challenges Standard Geology
       at
  HTML http://www.thunderbolts.inf
       o/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=16219&p=112560#p112559
       - Gordon, Oard says there are 3 Creationist theories about the
       endpoint of the Great Flood:
       1. Permian/Precambrian; 2. Cretaceous/Tertiary; 3. End of
       Cenozoic. Do you agree with #3?
       - I'd like to have a handier way to represent all of the "time
       periods" in the geological column. So, starting at the top, I'd
       like to refer to the Cenozoic as 1, Mesozoic: 2, Paleozoic: 3,
       Proterozoic: 4, Archean: 5, Hadean: 6. The divisions I then
       number as 1a Quatenary, 1b Tertiary, 2a Cretacious, 2b Jurassic,
       2c Triassic, 3a Permian, 3b Carboniferous, 3c Devonian, 3d
       Silurian, 3e Ordovician, 3f Cambrian, 4a Precambrian.
       Conventional dates are:
       1: 0-2Myr; 66M; 2: 144M; 208M; 245M; 3: 286M; 320M; 360M; 408M;
       438M; 505M; 4: 570M etc.
       - Oard says the 2nd school of thought thinks "Cenozoic strata
       would be post-Flood" and it accepts the "dam-breach hypothesis
       for the origin of the Grand Canyon" in the late Cenozoic. "Great
       tectonic uplift occurred during the Cenozoic ... the post-Flood
       period". He adds that it provides no evidence for uplift being
       post-Flood, but I think there's great evidence for that, which
       I'll get to below.
       - But first I have another question. I think you said you don't
       think Noah's ark necessarily landed on Mt. Ararat, but may have
       landed near it. In that case the mountains could have uplifted
       later. Could they not?
       - Here's my thinking on why mountains must have uplifted a few
       centuries after the flood, which I partly discussed earlier in
       this thread. Mammoths and other mammals froze very abruptly in
       the Arctic and the likeliest cause was rapid continental drift,
       which moved the northern continents northward into the Arctic.
       Many mammoths and other animals and trees seem to have been
       washed into the Arctic Ocean by a flood that swept over Siberia,
       probably due to the continental drift. The drift was most likely
       caused by a huge impact off east Africa, which provided the
       horizontal compressive forces necessary to uplift mountains.
       Grand Lake and Hopi Lake formed during the continental drift
       event during mountain uplift and they drained catastrophically
       sometime later, forming the Grand Canyon.
       ____________________Postby webolife » Sat Apr 02, 2016 1:09 am
       - Agreements... Most of Oard.
       - Cenozoic sometime around the Pliocene/Pleistocene. Remember
       that a stratum is not directly indicative of an exact time
       relationship, but of event. Prior to sometime in the Pliocene
       all fossils down to the Cambrian indicate a tropical or
       subtropical clime, afterward, we see diverse climate divisions,
       indicative of a line of demarcation between evidence of a
       pre-flood world and the world which followed, due to what I dare
       to presume was a geologically rapid change in both the
       atmosphere and the topography. The arctic was not climatically
       identifiable prior to this time as indicated by the warm weather
       fossils found in the upper latitudes. It developed later.
       Continents drifting northward, which is likely, encountered
       colder climes than in its original position. This may very well
       have initiated the rapid cooling that started the glaciation and
       froze some of the mammoths.
       "Harar" used after the flood description probably indicates
       mountain ranges, and Ararat is derived from that term. That
       being said, the mountain ranges arose in connection with the
       drift, but it is virtually certain that volcanoes rose up after
       the mountain ranges.
       - Flaws...
       - Using terms like "most likely" for something which is pure
       speculation.
       Assuming that drift [and therefore orogeny] occurred sometime
       after the flood, rather than during or in the end times of the
       flood. This, if presumed to have happened in a relatively short
       time-frame, would have resulted in more cataclysmic deformation
       and transformation of the earth than the flood it was alleged to
       have followed.
       __TIAHUANACO. [During Supercontinent Breakup] Titicaca, at
       12,000 feet altitude, is the highest navigable lake in the
       world. 4,000 years ago Titicaca was on sea level. At 11,500
       feet, a whitish streak runs along the side of the mountain range
       for over 300 miles, composed of the calcified remains of marine
       plants, formerly on the seashore. In fact, many lakes up in the
       Andes region are completely salt. A watermark of salt along the
       Titicaca lake shore now runs at an angle to the water level. On
       the beach of this lake high in the mountains, there are
       seashells as well as traces of seaweed. Even today, various sea
       creatures (including sea horses) survive in the lake. Only a few
       intermediate surf lines can be detected, so the elevation could
       not have proceeded gradually.
       -Traces of a sizeable city lie at the southern side of the lake.
       Of 400 acres of ruins, only about ten percent have been
       excavated. endless agricultural terraces, now abandoned, rise as
       high as 18,400 feet above sea level, and continue up under the
       snow. Such an abundance of cornfields must have supported a huge
       population. After the disaster, the populace lay buried in
       gullies that had become mass graves, covered by silt.
       -The remains of an ocean quay is known as the Puma Punka, near
       the stadium of Tiahuanaco. One of the construction blocks from
       which the pier was fashioned weighs an estimated 440 tons. One
       wharf is big enough to take hundreds of ships.
       -The Subterranean Temple, the Kalasasaya [and] the Akapana are
       precisely oriented to the cardinal directions of the PRESENT
       DAY. Tiahuanaco’s buildings are not oriented to the pre-Flood
       axis, but are exactly oriented to the compass points of today’s
       post-2345 BC world, with its new axial tilt. The depictions
       among the ruins of Tiahuanaco of numerous now extinct animals
       are readily explainable.
       -The construction and use of reed boats on Lake Titicaca are
       identical to the reed boats of ancient Egypt. Many of the
       building blocks in Tiahuanaco are held together by large copper
       clamps shaped like an I. Others (now dismantled) were held
       together by silver rivets, similar to the Egyptian ruins on
       Elephantine Island on the Nile. Copper trepanning instruments of
       Tiahuanaco (for opening the cranium) were identical to those
       used by the Egyptians – as were the methods used! They point to
       direct contact between Tiahuanaco and ancient Egypt, as
       contemporary civilizations. A French engineer came upon an
       ancient carved rock hidden by dense jungle close to a river,
       which recorded the journey of an early Egyptian priest to what
       is now Bolivia (the land of Tiahuanaco). The inscription gave
       directions to silver and gold mines.
       -Mountain Forming Witnessed. Various tribes of the Americas
       witnessed new mountains being raised and others flattened (Karl
       Brugger, The Chronicle of Akakor. 1977). A recent example was
       during an earthquake off the northern tip of Sumatra on December
       26, 2004, the sea bottom in the Straits of Malacca uplifted
       almost 4,000 feet in only about 3 minutes. The depth was cut
       from 4,060 feet to 105 feet (Star newspaper, Kuala Lumpur,
       January. 13, 2005, quoting a report in the shipping journal
       Portsworld). Sonar images from British navy ship HMS Scott
       showed the massive uplift of a large area 10 kilometres wide and
       up to 1.5 kilometres high (4,800 feet plus).
       =========================Postby Lloyd » Sat Oct 31, 2015 1:22 pm
       __CATACLYSM DATING
       - Cataclysm Occurred 4,300 Years Ago
       These Geological Features Yield Ages of About 4,000 Years
  HTML http://beforeus.com
       -INLAND LAKES: lakes of the Great Basin; Albert and Summer lakes
       in Oregon; Owen Lake in California; Lake Agassiz, the largest
       glacial lake in North America
       -RIVER DELTAS: The deltas of the Nile, the Volga, the
       Mississippi and Bear River on the Alaska-British Columbia border
       -WATERFALLS: Niagara Falls, Horseshoe Falls, Upper Great Gorge,
       Niagara River bed
       -CORAL REEFS: Great Barrier Reef in Queensland, Australia,
       Pandora Reef
       -TREES: Sequoia; New Zealand’s Coromandel Peninsula, giant
       kauri; Bristlecone pine
       -OLDEST DESERT: Sahara Desert
       {In 1999, the Potsdam Institute for Climate Research, in Germany
       said the Sahara Desert is only about 4,000 years old
       (originating around 2000 BC) (July 15, 1999. Geophysical
       Research Letters).}
       -OTHER NATURAL FEATURES: Magnetic reversals, varves, coal,
       canyons, dense jungles, rock strata, fossils and so on
       (
  HTML http://www.beforeus.com/shopcart_ebooks.html).
       -DATING OF CHINA
       -DATING OF ROYAL GENEALOGIES [of several European Nations]
       - EGYPT: Egypt’s monuments themselves do not begin their records
       before the 19th dynasty. The Byzantine chronicler Constantinus
       Manasses wrote that the State of Egypt had already lasted 1663
       years, [since] 2188 BC. Egypt was anciently known as the land of
       Khem (i.e. Ham [son of Noah]). Menes and Hermes were two of
       Ham’s sons. HERMES (CUSH) WAS FOUNDER OF EGYPT’S RELIGION.
       Chaldean was a diplomatic language in Egypt. “Her”, in Chaldee,
       is “Ham”, or “Khem”, “the burnt one”. The Egyptian god HOR-us
       (the sun) is “Her” (“the hot or burning one”). Her-mes means the
       son of Her (Ham).
       - DATING OF ATLANTIS: An ancient history book, the Oera Linda
       Boek, dating primarily from AD 803, but added to for 500 years,
       bears this postscript: “written in Liuwert (Ljuwert) in the
       3,499th year after Atland (Atlantis) sank, or 1256, the year of
       the Christian reckoning.” This historian placed the sinking of
       Atlantis in 2244 BC (Alec Maclellan, The Lost World of Agharti.
       1982, p. 186).
       - WHAT THE TOLTECS REMEMBERED ABOUT HISTORY: In the sixteenth
       century, the native Mexican chronicler, Ixtilxochitl in his
       Relaciones penned a history based on all available pre-Conquest
       records and legends. ... The Flood came “after the world had
       existed for 1,716 years” (Francis Hitching, World Atlas of
       Mysteries. 1978, p.165). This is only a 60 year variation from
       the figure given in the King James Bible. (Genesis chapter 5)
       - FLOOD DATE ALSO DEFINED: The Flood ended in 2344 BC. The Great
       Pyramid independently confirms this date (Stewart, The Mystery
       of the Great Pyramid, pp 17-19). The star group Aquarius is
       featured in the astronomy of the Pyramid. Ancient peoples
       associated AQUARIUS with the waters of the GREAT FLOOD. The
       pyramid measurements incorporate the length of the new,
       post-Flood 365¼ day year, and NOT the pre-Flood 360 day year.
       -The ancient Chinese, Babylonian, Roman, Mayan, Indian and
       Egyptian calendars were 360 days long. But later, every nation
       changed its calendar.
       - DATE OF THE FLOOD - ACCORDING TO THE BIBLE RECORD: We start
       from a known date in history, the destruction of Jerusalem by
       the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BC. [Make that 399 BC
       per Dating2 file.] add the years of the kings of Judah after
       Solomon which totalled 345. 586 + 345 = 931 BC. Solomon reigned
       for 40 years, his first year was 970 BC. In the fourth year of
       Solomon’s reign he began to build the house of the Lord (1 Kings
       6:1) = 967 BC, the 480th year from the Exodus. 967 + 480 = 1446.
       From Abraham’s call to sacrifice Isaac until the Exodus was 430
       years. The portion of this sojourning spent in Egypt was only
       260 years, from 1706 to 1446 BC. The beginning and ending dates
       of the Great Flood was around 2345 to 2344 BC. 2345 = 1446 + 970
       + 931 + 586.
       ====================postby Lloyd » Sun Feb 14, 2016 1:19 am
       __CATACLYSM DATING
       - Dating the Main Cataclysm
       - Grey Cloud, since you've said you're interested in Bronze Age
       cataclysms, would you like to comment on the following material
       from a catastrophism conference? I suppose it occurred in the
       1990s, but that's just a guess. I got this free from the same
       site I mentioned last time. If you copy 2 or 3 words toward the
       beginning or end of a paragraph from a prior search, you can
       often find more from the same source. It took me about 6 such
       searches to get the following. This intrigued me because it
       sounds very much like what Mike Fischer's Shock Dynamics theory
       of continental drift says, at least regarding the huge impact
       site, just north of Madagascar. Fischer is saying this occurred
       nearly 12,000 years ago, but this paper said 4,300 years ago,
       which is what I and Gordon conclude. If Gordon's reading this, I
       hope you may comment too.
       - I'm also including in green type another of the conference
       topics on how cataclysms led to religions etc.
       -
  HTML http://www.catastrophism.com/intro/search.cgi?zoom_query=
       - The Cambridge Conference [SIS C&C Workshop]
       - [The conference covered] three papers dealing with the
       historical evidence for catastrophes. Steven Robinson ...
       suggested that fossil evidence actually indicates rapid events
       and that the vast geological time scale depends upon radiometric
       dating which is probably suspect in its assumptions. World wide
       accounts of a catastrophic flood, if considered as actual
       historical accounts, could explain much of the geological
       evidence. A catastrophic model of causation suggests a massive
       impact north of Madagascar. Accounts in the Bible would seem to
       indicate this and ancient maps confirm that continental
       movements have taken place within historical times. Considering
       the evidence of the ice-ages, climatic change and the evidence
       for violent earthquake activity in the Early Bronze Age, Steven
       concluded that the early Cambrian period should be considered to
       be only thousands, not millions, of years ago, at the time of
       the Flood, the Cretaceous/Tertiary event marked the division of
       continents and that the end of the ice-ages occurred around
       2,300 BC, caused by an increased tilt of the Earth.
       - John Bimson considered the biblical evidence for catastrophes.
       Velikovsky's scenario had been founded on the idea of the Exodus
       taking place at the time of a great catastrophe in the middle of
       the second millennium BC. Did biblical traditions support this?
       The implication of the astronomical use of megalithic monuments
       would indicate that these were built after any major Earth
       shifting catastrophe and radiocarbon dating led to the
       conclusion that any such catastrophe took place at the end of
       the Egyptian Old Kingdom, in line with Mandelkehr's 2,300 BC
       event. The destructions in the Middle Bronze Age were not so
       widespread as those of the Early period and could have been
       caused by man. All the events of the Exodus could be explained
       by normal, though exaggerated, happenings, except for the pillar
       of fire, which could be considered a metaphor for God's
       presence. The area is on the north end of the Great Rift Valley
       which cuts down through Africa, and all could be explained by
       this being in a state of seismic upheaval. Even the sun standing
       still could be a misunderstanding. In conclusion then, although
       the events described were catastrophic there was no evidence
       that they were other than terrestrial. Later references,
       however, in the time of Tuthmosis III and the Hittites, to
       showers of stones, suggested that destructive meteorite falls
       were common at that period and it is therefore possible that the
       terrestrial events of the Exodus were triggered by
       extraterrestrial causes.
       - Bob Porter considered the archaeological evidence of the Near
       East. There appeared to be three widespread destruction events
       during the Bronze Age, the first coinciding with the end of the
       Egyptian Old Kingdom at around 2300 BC at a time of climatic
       change. Evidence of new peoples could be taken as invaders or
       simply people taking advantage of destroyed areas. Deforestation
       may have helped change the climate. However, it was admitted
       that no ordinary earthquake could destroy so large an area and
       therefore something larger needed to be considered. The hiati
       supposed to be at the end of the Middle Bronze Age, and the
       second intermediate period in Egypt are a result of a
       catastrophic mistake in chronology as a result of using Sothic
       dating. Sites such as Ugarit and Qadesh show little sign of such
       hiati although there is a destruction at the end of the MB,
       probably as the result of an earthquake. Although earthquakes
       today are usually localised, they appear to have been widespread
       throughout Palestine, Syria and Mesopotamia at this period. A
       final wave of destruction took place at the end of the Late
       Bronze Age, associated with famine, war, the Sea Peoples, the
       end of the Scottish Bronze Age and the rise and fall of the
       Shang dynasty in China. Twenty narrow tree rings found by
       Baillie in his samples for this period indicate a long drought,
       so there was no need to posit a cosmic catastrophe directly.
       Questions from the floor clearly indicated that many felt that
       the degree of the destructions could not be explained by natural
       seismic or climatic events.
       __EVIDENCE SOURCES
       =========================Postby Lloyd » Fri Oct 30, 2015 11:41
       am
       Evidence Sources
       Some of the best sources I know of offhand are:
       - Mike Fisher's Shock Dynamics at
  HTML http://newgeology.us
       - Walter Brown's Hydroplate Theory at
  HTML http://www.creationscience.com
       - The Hydroplate theory seems largely unrealistic, but these
       sections are very impressive evidence for catastrophism:
       = Liquefaction: The Origin of Strata and Layered Fossils
  HTML http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/Liquefaction.html
       = The Origin of the Grand Canyon
  HTML http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/GrandCanyon.html
       = The Origin of Limestone
  HTML http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/Limestone.html
       = Frozen Mammoths
  HTML http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/FrozenMammoths.html
       = The Origin of Earth's Radioactivity
  HTML http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/Radioactivity.html
       - Faulty Dating Methods
  HTML https://answersingenesis.org/geology/radiometric-dating/radiometric-dating-problems-with-the-assumptions/
  HTML http://creationtoday.org/radiometric-dating-is-it-accurate/
  HTML http://cs.unc.edu/~plaisted/ce/dating2.html
  HTML http://www.icr.org/creation-radiometric/
  HTML http://beforeus.com/questions_answers.html
       - Catastrophism
  HTML http://creationwiki.org/Catastrophism
  HTML https://answersingenesis.org/geology/catastrophism
       - Faulty Dating Methods
  HTML https://answersingenesis.org/geology/radiometric-dating/radiometric-dating-problems-with-the-assumptions
  HTML http://creationtoday.org/radiometric-dating-is-it-accurate
  HTML http://cs.unc.edu/~plaisted/ce/dating2.html
  HTML http://www.icr.org/creation-radiometric
  HTML http://beforeus.com
       *****************************************************